DE102020002218A1 - Method and device as well as control or regulating device for cleaning and processing of movable objects used in hospitals and nursing homes, such as hospital beds or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning and processing of movable objects, such as hospital beds or the like, used in hospitals and nursing homes, such as hospital beds or the like, as well as a control or regulating device for such devices. It is shown how such objects can be processed in a stationary decontamination system using dry ice.

Description

genus

The invention relates to a method for cleaning and preparing movable objects used in hospitals and nursing homes, such as hospital beds or the like.

The invention also relates to a device for carrying out such a method.

The invention also relates to a control or regulating device for carrying out the method.

State of the art

In clinics, so-called “bed control centers”, for example for hospital beds, are in use, in which hospital beds or the like are cleaned and disinfected or processed by mechanical reprocessing / wet disinfection or by manual scrub-wipe disinfection.

Automated reprocessing produces not inconsiderable amounts of water and chemicals. This pollutes the employees and the environment, quite apart from the fact that hospital beds or the like have to be rinsed clear and dried. The resulting energy costs are relatively high. The objects to be reprocessed must be heated to 70 ° C.

The chemicals that arise during mechanical processing cannot simply be drained into the sewer system, but have to be stored and removed in special containers. The associated disposal costs are also not insignificant.

task

The invention is based on the object of providing a method for cleaning and processing movable objects used in hospitals and nursing homes, such as hospital beds, nursing beds, children's beds, mattresses, stretchers, transport chairs, bedside tables or the like in a stationary cleaning and processing system, in which the There are no disadvantages of the prior art.

Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of providing a device with which the method according to the invention is to be carried out.

Finally, the invention is based on the object of creating a control or regulating device for carrying out the method and simple operation of a device.

Solution of the problem relating to the procedure

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method for cleaning and processing of movable objects such as hospital beds, nursing beds, children's beds, mattresses, stretchers, transport chairs, bedside tables or the like used in hospitals and nursing homes in a stationary cleaning and processing system in which the The objects in question are intermittently, for example, individually or in continuous operation in one or more decontamination chambers that can be opened and closed in a predetermined time and are arranged object-specifically, with the objects being sprayed under pressure on several sides with dry ice such as pellets, snow or the like, and then sprayed out the relevant decontamination chamber to be moved to a collection point.

Some advantages

The method according to the invention avoids the disadvantages present in the prior art, since lower energy costs are incurred because the objects to be disinfected no longer need to be heated. While the state of the art still requires around 600 liters of water per hospital bed, this is completely omitted in the method according to the invention, and the employees and thus the environment are spared by the elimination of chemicals. Contaminated water and residual chemicals no longer need to be specially disposed of, so that the associated costs are eliminated. There is also less wear and tear on the components due to the otherwise necessary use of chemicals during mechanical processing. This reduces maintenance costs. Since there is also no post-drying time for the objects to be treated, the number of items to be treated per unit of time can be increased.

The spray nozzle devices arranged in the respective decontamination chamber spray the items to be cleaned, for example a hospital bed, preferably from above and from the two opposite sides, whereby it must be ensured that there is no splash shadow and that all surfaces to be decontaminated are sprayed evenly. The empirically determined spray pressure for the dry ice can be preset, which also applies object-specifically to the volume flow. The spray angle and angle of inclination of the nozzles of the spray nozzle devices can be predetermined, as can the spray jet characteristics so that a object-specific impact pressure and impact angle for the respective dry ice jet results. This also applies to the distance between the respective spray nozzles and the item to be treated, for example a hospital bed.

The decontamination chamber, in which the item to be treated, for example a hospital bed, is located, is preferably made of chrome-nickel steel or other alternative materials that have the necessary properties that are required in hospitals and nursing homes. The panels on the walls are also preferably made of stainless steel or chrome-nickel steel. As far as the dry ice itself is concerned, it is advantageous to choose a grain size that achieves the desired decontamination effect and cleaning at the pressure to be set in each case, measured at the spray nozzles. The entire process flow can take place automatically. Several such decontamination chambers can be arranged next to one another and / or one behind the other, which are loaded with objects by a central computer, for example according to stored programs. The spray nozzle devices for the dry ice will usually be operated at a pressure of 4 to 6 bar. Of course, other pressures are also possible.

Further inventive developments

Further inventive refinements are described in claims 2 to 5.

Claim 2 describes a procedure in which the dry ice is fed from one or more fillable collecting containers or from a dry ice production device to the stationary cleaning and processing system and its decontamination chamber. The storage container provided in each case for the dry ice can be filled with dry ice of a predetermined grain size by a mobile vehicle.

In the embodiment according to the method according to claim 3, the objects to be decontaminated are sprayed with dry ice, depending on the pressure and volume, with a spray pressure of 5 bar and dry ice with a grain size of 2 mm to 5 mm or dry ice snow of 1 to 100 µm, preferably 1 to 60 µm is used.

In the procedure according to claim 4, any quantities of dry ice residues removed from the objects are removed from the decontamination chamber through openings in the floor.

According to claim 5, the objects can be fed to the relevant decontamination chamber by a motor-driven conveyor. The conveyor can be driven continuously or intermittently under program control by an electric motor.

Solution of the task related to the establishment

This object is characterized by a device according to patent claim 6, characterized in that one or more decontamination chambers are provided which can be closed one behind the other in the conveying direction, in which the relevant object (s) to be processed is / are arranged, and that the relevant decontamination chamber in the conveying direction the front and rear side has open and closed doors and that in the ceiling area and on the opposite side walls next to and / or one behind the other several spray nozzle devices for the dry ice are arranged, which the dry ice or the like is determined in terms of time and / or volume and under a predetermined pressure , optionally according to a predetermined program, can be supplied in a controlled or regulated manner.

Some advantages

Such a device can be accommodated in relatively narrow spaces with relatively simple structural means, so that older hospitals can also be equipped with such stationary decontamination devices that they need to carry out the method according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims. Basically, in the simplest version, a space is sufficient that has doors that can be opened and closed on the front and rear side - viewed in the direction of transport - so that the process is carried out after the item to be treated, for example a hospital bed, has been brought in. In the simplest way, this device has a spray nozzle arrangement in the ceiling area and in both diametrically opposite side walls. Only in special cases will such spray nozzles for dry ice be used in the floor area.

Further inventive developments

Further inventive refinements are described in claims 7 to 12.

Claim 7 is characterized in that the device is assigned a central data memory and a central control or regulating device in which data quantities are to be processed in the form of programs for the individual in the relevant decontamination chamber Objects, for example hospital beds, are stored, and that the central control or regulating device supplies the spray nozzle devices with dry ice depending on the program called and depending on the object to be processed, for example hospital bed or bedside table. With this device, data quantities in the form of programs for the individual objects to be decontaminated in the relevant chamber can be stored in a central data memory for the control or regulation device, so that the operator only has to trigger a program sequence with a push button, so that the program runs independently, for example hospital beds are decontaminated in a continuous process.

In this way it is also possible to store corresponding empirical data in the data memory for different objects to be decontaminated, for example for the spray pressure and the angle of incidence of the spray jets. If necessary, the individual dry ice jets can also be controlled or regulated with regard to the spray angle and / or volume flow and / or spray pressure at the outlet opening of the nozzle.

In claim 8, a further advantageous embodiment is described in which the device is assigned a rail system or a motor-driven conveying device which supplies the objects in question to one or more decontamination chambers intermittently or in a continuous process.

Claim 9 is characterized in that some or more or all of the nozzles of the nozzle system are articulated, possibly remotely controlled, adjustable with respect to the object to be decontaminated with regard to their radiation jet and / or their distance from the object is arranged to be liftable.

Claim 10 is characterized in that the spray nozzle devices are assigned to the relevant side wall of the decontamination chamber so that they can be exchanged individually in space joints.

Claim 11 is characterized in that the spray nozzle devices can be supplied with dry ice of different grain sizes / sizes.

Claim 12 is characterized in that data quantities for spray pressure, grain size of the dry ice and spray angle of the nozzles are stored in the data memory of the control or regulating device.

Solution of the task relating to the control or regulation device

• Steuer- oder Regeleinrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, zum Aufbereiten und/oder Desinfizieren von in Krankenhäusern oder Pflegeheimen verwendeten Gegenständen zum Aufnehmen, Bewegen oder Versorgen von Patienten, wie Krankenbetten, Stretcher, Nachttischen oder dergleichen, mit einem oder mehreren zu öffnenden oder zu verschließenden Dekontaminationskammern, in denen die betreffenden Gegenstände aufzubereiten und zu reinigen oder zu desinfizieren sind, wobei der betreffenden Dekontaminationskammer ein Zentralrechner mit Datenspeicher zugeordnet ist, mit motorischen Antrieben für die der betreffenden Dekontaminationskammer zugeordneten Türen zum Öffnen und Verschließen, wobei der Datenspeicher Datenmengen für Sprühdruck der Sprühdüsenvorrichtungen, Verweilzeiten der Gegenstände in der Dekontaminationskammer und/oder Volumenströme für das Trockeneis enthält, die den Sprühdüsenvorrichtungen zugeordnet sind, die mindestens von drei Seiten den betreffenden Gegenstand mit Trockeneis besprühen.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 13, which reads as follows:

• Control or regulating device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or one of claims 2 to 5, for preparing and / or disinfecting objects used in hospitals or nursing homes for receiving, moving or caring for patients, such as hospital beds, stretchers, bedside tables or the like, with one or more decontamination chambers to be opened or closed, in which the objects in question are to be prepared and cleaned or disinfected, a central computer with data storage being assigned to the decontamination chamber in question, with motorized drives for opening and closing the doors assigned to the decontamination chamber in question , wherein the data memory contains data quantities for the spray pressure of the spray nozzle devices, dwell times of the objects in the decontamination chamber and / or volume flows for the dry ice, which are assigned to the spray nozzle devices from at least three sides spray the object in question with dry ice.

Some advantages

Such a control or regulating device enables a decontamination system to be operated particularly economically, with the objects to be decontaminated being cleaned and decontaminated particularly gently.

Further inventive developments

Further inventive refinements are described in claims 14 and 15.

Claim 14 is characterized in that the central control or regulating device controls or regulates the movements of the objects to be cleaned and / or disinfected in the relevant decontamination chamber.

Claim 15 is characterized in that at least one motor-driven conveyor is assigned, the motor-driven drive of which is controlled or regulated by the central control or regulating device in order to supply the objects continuously or intermittently to the relevant decontamination chamber.

• 1 Eine Einrichtung gemäß der Erfindung in Stirnansicht bei geöffneter Tür, teils im Schnitt;
• 2 einen Teillängsschnitt nach der Linie II - II der 1 und
• 3 einen vereinfachten schematischen Schaltplan für die aus den 1 und 2 ersichtliche Einrichtung, automatisch und manuell zu betreiben.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated - partly schematically - using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• 1 A device according to the invention in front view with the door open, partly in section;
• 2 a partial longitudinal section along the line II - II of the 1 and
• 3 a simplified schematic circuit diagram for the 1 and 2 apparent facility to operate automatically and manually.

With the reference number 1 is called a decontamination chamber, which is on the so-called unclean side 2 at which the material to be treated enters the decontamination chamber 1 to move in is a door that can be opened and closed 3 and on the pure side 4th , on which the material to be treated from the decontamination chamber 1 is to be moved out, also a door that can be opened and closed 5 having. The doors 3 and 5 are to be moved into the open and closed position by electric motors (not shown) that can be remotely controlled and / or operated manually.

In the decontamination chamber 1 is in the illustrated embodiment, for example, a hospital bed 6th trained item to be treated in the direction G been moved in while the door 5 closed is. After that the door will 3 also behind the item to be treated 6th closed by motor. Of course it is also possible to open the doors 3 and 5 to open and close manually and other items to be treated, for example bedside tables, nursing beds or the like, in the decontamination chamber 1 disinfect and / or clean.

Like in particular from 1 can be seen are in the ceiling area 7th and on the diametrically opposite side walls 8th and 9 the decontamination chamber 1 numerous spray nozzle assemblies each 10 , 11 , 12th arranged. In the decontamination chamber 1 are such spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th - like from 1 can be seen - both with an even distance next to each other, as well as in the from 1 not visible conveying direction G ( 2 ) arranged in several rows in a straight line with equal distances from one another and / or offset from one another. But it is also possible to have only one row of spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th - like from 1 can be seen - to be provided.

The spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th may have nozzle heads pointing in the direction of A. - B. and E. - F. as C. - D. pivotable and optionally in the directions T - V respectively. X - Y are liftable.

The individual spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th are through a manifold 13th Connected to one another in a dry-ice-conducting manner and can each be supplied with the same or different volume flows with dry ice such as pellets and / or snow in a controlled or regulated manner. The pellets can, for example, have a diameter of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably 3 mm.

Snowflakes can, for example, be 1 to 100 µm or 8 to 60 µm in size.

With the reference number 14th ( 1 ) is a shut-off device and 15 denotes a pressure measuring device, by means of which the pressure in the manifold is 13th can be measured and observed. at 41 is a monitoring device for monitoring the CO ₂ content in the decontamination chamber 1 arranged over a line 42 with the interior of the decontamination chamber 1 is in connection in order _{to measure the respective CO 2} content and, if necessary, to give an acoustic and / or optical signal when a critical value is reached.

The reference number 16 denotes a fillable collecting container for dry ice, while at 17 a closable inspection opening or a closable lid is arranged. The collection container 16 can also be designed as a dry ice production device that produces the dry ice on the spot.

With 18th a delivery line is referred to, which is connected to the interior of the collecting container 16 or a dry ice production device is connected in a dry ice-conducting manner.

With the collection container 16 is via a compressed air line 43 a pressure equalization vessel 44 connected via a compressed air line 45 with a compressor 21 is in compressed air-conducting connection via a coupling 20th by a controllable or adjustable electric motor 19th is driven.

The air compressor 21 conveys compressed air into the collecting tank 16 and promotes from this via the delivery line 18th Dry ice in the form of pellets or snow in the manifold 13th and thus to the individual spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th under a predetermined compressed air pressure of for example 5 to 18 bar, preferably under a compressed air pressure of 6 to 12th bar, the spray pressure on the spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th two to ten bar, preferably 3 to 8 bar, optionally variably adjustable or controllable and / or regulatable according to predetermined programs.

The collection container 16 can be filled intermittently or continuously with dry ice by a transportable conveyor device, for example by a corresponding special vehicle, and for example, with the interposition of an electrically driven, controllable or regulatable electric motor 22nd who have a compressor 23 that drives with the engine 22nd via a clutch 24 is geared connected. The compressor 23 stands over a line 25th with the interior of the collecting container 16 dry ice conducting in connection, for example via a releasable coupling, not shown. In the event that the collection container 16 is designed as a dry ice production device, the motor is omitted 22nd , the coupling 24 and the compressor 23 as well as the connecting cable 25th .

With the reference number 26th is a central control or regulating device, in whose data memory empirical data, among other things for the pressure with which the spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th Dry ice on the item to be treated, for example on a hospital bed 27 , spray, as well as the object-specific volume flows of dry ice that the spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th are supplied, and optionally the spray angles with which the respective items to be treated are sprayed are stored.

The spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th can be spatially articulated or at least in two planes, for example up and down and horizontally movable, i.e. pivotable, to thereby adjust the angle of their spray jets of dry ice on the item to be treated, for example on a hospital bed 27 , a bedside table, a nursing bed or the like. Corresponding data with which the dry ice spray jets on the item to be treated, for example a hospital bed 27 , can also be stored with regard to the distance that the nozzle outlet openings have from the surface of the material to be treated to be decontaminated, around the spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th in the direction X - Y respectively. T - V to control or to adjust by hand and thus to move, for example to pivot.

The central control or regulation device 26th is about wires 28 , 29 , 30th as well as over from the manifold 13th outgoing individual lines with the individual spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th connected, as well as the central control or regulation device 26th over lines 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 is connected to suitable conveyor and power lines in order to monitor, control or regulate the various devices.

With the central control or regulation device 26th is over a line 38 a central monitoring facility 39 , for example a monitor, connected to conduct data, which supplies its energy via a power line 40 receives. In this way, the device can be operated automatically. If necessary, control and regulation signals can also be transmitted via telecommunication lines, for example via radio links.

In contrast to the embodiment shown, for example, several such decontamination chambers 1 be arranged next to and / or behind one another, with all processes such as opening and closing the doors 3 , 5 moving in and out of the items to be decontaminated and cleaned 6th , 27 in or out of the decontamination chamber 1 , the supply of dry ice from the collecting container 16 and its filling by the motor-driven compressor 23 can be monitored and controlled. If necessary, a programmable logic controller (PLC) can also be used here.

The device enables a high throughput of objects to be decontaminated 6th , 27 and largely unmanned, as a single person from the monitoring device 39 can switch the entire process on and off and monitor it, for example on a monitor belonging to the monitoring device 39 assigned.

Swivel direction of the nozzles in the direction A. - B. and adjustment of the nozzles in the direction X - Y and the direction of travel of the item to be treated 6th , 27 are denoted by G. E, F, C and D indicate pivoting directions of the spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th .

The features described in the patent claims and in the description and evident from the drawing can be essential for realizing the invention both individually and in any combination.

List of reference symbols

1

Decontamination chamber

2

Side, unclean

3

door

4th

Side, pure

5

door

6th

Sick bed, items to be treated

7th

Ceiling area

8th

Side wall

9

"

10

Spray nozzle device

11

"

12th

"

13th

Manifold

14th

Shut-off device

15th

Pressure measuring device

16

Collection container

17th

Show opening

18th

Delivery line

19th

engine

20th

coupling

21

compressor

22nd

Electric motor

23

compressor

24

coupling

25th

management

26th

Control or regulating device

27

Item to be treated, hospital bed

28

management

29

"

30th

"

31

"

32

"

33

"

34

"

35

"

36

"

37

"

38

"

39

Monitoring device

40

power line

41

Monitoring device

42

management

43

Compressed air line

44

Pressure equalization vessel

45

Compressed air line

A.

Swivel direction of the spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th

B.

""" 10 , 11 , 12th

G

Direction of movement of an item to be treated in the decontamination chamber

X

Direction of stroke of the spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th

Y

""" 10 , 11 , 12th

T

""" 10 , 11 , 12th

V

""" 10 , 11 , 12th

E.

Swivel direction of the spray nozzle devices 10 , 11 , 12th

F.

""" 10 , 11 , 12th

C.

""" 10 , 11 , 12th

D.

""" 10 , 11 , 12th

bibliography

• DE 87 11 008 U1
• DE 10 2006 047 742 A1
• DE 10 2010 039 752 A1
• DE 10 2011 008 139 A1
• DE 20 2015 002 524 U1
• DE 10 2016 212 602 A1

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 8711008 U1 [0054]
• DE 102006047742 A1 [0054]
• DE 102010039752 A1 [0054]
• DE 102011008139 A1 [0054]
• DE 202015002524 U1 [0054]
• DE 102016212602 A1 [0054]

Claims (15)

Process for cleaning and processing movable objects (6, 27) used in hospitals and nursing homes, such as hospital beds, nursing beds, children's beds, mattresses, stretchers, transport chairs, bedside tables or the like, in a stationary cleaning and processing plant in which the objects in question intermittently, for example individually or in continuous operation in one or more decontamination chambers (1) to be opened and closed, predetermined in time and arranged object-specifically, with the objects (6, 27) being controlled under pressure on multiple sides with dry ice such as pellets, snow or the like or sprayed in a regulated manner and then moved from the relevant decontamination chamber (1) to a collection point. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the dry ice is fed from one or more fillable collecting containers (16) or from a dry ice production device to the stationary cleaning and processing system and its decontamination chamber (1). Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the objects (6, 27) to be decontaminated are sprayed with dry ice in a pressure- and volume-specific manner, with a spray pressure of 5 bar and dry ice with a grain size of 2 mm to 5 mm or dry ice snow of 1 to 100 µm, preferably 1 to 60 µm is used. Procedure according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that any quantities of dry ice residues removed from the objects (6, 27) are removed from the decontamination chamber (1) through openings in the floor. Procedure according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the objects (6, 27) are fed to the relevant decontamination chamber (1) by a motor-driven conveyor. Device for carrying out the method according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that one or more decontamination chambers (1) which can be closed one behind the other in the conveying direction (G) are provided, in which the relevant object (s) (6, 27) to be processed is / are arranged, and that the relevant decontamination chamber (1) has doors (3, 5) that can be opened and closed in the conveying direction (G) on the front and rear and that in the ceiling area (7) and on the opposite side walls (8, 9) next to and / or several spray nozzle devices (10, 11, 12) for the dry ice are arranged one behind the other, to which the dry ice or the like is determined in terms of time and / or volume and can be fed in a controlled or regulated manner under a predetermined pressure, possibly according to a predetermined program. Establishment according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the device is assigned a central data memory and a central control or regulating device (26) in which data quantities in the form of programs for the individual objects (6, 27) to be processed in the relevant decontamination chamber (1), for example Sick beds, are stored, and that the central control or regulating device (26) depending on the program called and depending on the object (6, 27) to be reprocessed, for example sick bed or bedside table, the spray nozzle devices (10, 11, 12) with dry ice provided. Establishment according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the device is assigned a rail system or a motor-driven conveying device which supplies the relevant objects (6, 27) intermittently or in a continuous process to one or more decontamination chambers (1). Establishment according to Claim 7 or 8th , characterized in that some or more or all of the nozzles of the nozzle system are articulated, possibly remotely controlled, adjustable in relation to the object to be decontaminated with regard to their radiation jet and / or their distance from the object is arranged to be movable. Establishment according to Claim 9 , characterized in that the spray nozzle devices (10, 11, 12) are assigned to the relevant side wall (8, 9) of the decontamination chamber (1) so that they can be exchanged individually in space joints. Establishment according to Claim 7 or one of the Claims 8 or 9 , characterized in that the spray nozzle devices (10, 11, 12) can be supplied with dry ice of different grains / sizes. Establishment according to Claim 7 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that data quantities for spray pressure, grain size of the dry ice and spray angle of the nozzles are stored in the data memory of the control or regulating device (26). Control or regulating device for performing the method according to Claim 1 or one of the Claims 2 until 5 , for preparing and / or disinfecting objects used in hospitals or nursing homes for receiving, moving or caring for patients, such as hospital beds, stretchers, bedside tables or the like, with one or more decontamination chambers (1) that can be opened or closed, in which the relevant Objects (6, 27) are to be prepared and cleaned or disinfected, characterized in that the relevant decontamination chamber (1) is assigned a central computer with a data memory, with motorized drives for the doors (3, 5) assigned to the relevant decontamination chamber (1) for opening and closing, the data memory containing data quantities for the spray pressure of the spray nozzle devices (10, 11, 12), dwell times of the objects in the decontamination chamber (1) and / or volume flows for the dry ice, which are assigned to the spray nozzle devices (10, 11, 12) are that at least from three sides the object in question Spray nd (6, 27) with dry ice. Control or regulating device according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the central control or regulating device (26) controls or regulates the movements of the objects (6, 27) to be cleaned and / or disinfected in the relevant decontamination chamber (1). Control or regulating device according to Claim 13 or 14th , characterized in that at least one motor-driven conveyor is assigned, the motorized drive of which is controlled or regulated by the central control or regulating device (26) in order to move the objects (6, 27) continuously or intermittently to the relevant decontamination chamber (1). to feed.

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