DE102019214864B3 - Method and device for controlling and regulating a screening device and use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling and regulating a sieve device (10) set up for sieving a material flow, the method comprising: sieving the material flow on at least one sieve deck; and regulating at least one vibration operating parameter of the screening device during screening; wherein the regulation is carried out as a function of at least one material input parameter from the following group: current material flow, grain size spectrum, grain geometry, moisture, material composition or color, local material distribution on the screen deck; wherein the regulation is carried out with respect to at least one vibration operating parameter from the following group: vibration shape, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency. The invention further relates to a corresponding device.

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for driving and regulating according to the preamble of claim 2 as well as a control device for carrying out such a method and a use therefor. In particular, the invention relates to the control and regulation of e.g. Vibratory conveyors in connection with vibration excitation, in order to optimize a sieving function depending on the current operating conditions.

Screening devices for screening a, in particular, continuous flow of material, for example comprising (mineral) rock or mining material (screened material), are exposed to high mechanical loads and should be able to be operated as optimally as possible in terms of vibration technology. Depending on the application and the material to be screened, the screening devices can be individually designed in terms of device technology. For example, the sieve device can have a sieve box which comprises two outer side walls, one or at least two vibration systems for vibration excitation being arranged on each of the two side walls, and a material flow direction being defined by a longitudinal direction of extent of the side walls.

There is interest in being able to set and optimize the vibration behavior of a screening device, in particular a vibratory conveyor, in the most practical and simple way possible. In particular, methods and devices with counterbalance unbalance drives that are driven by an electric motor are also known for setting the vibration behavior. For example, it is known to adjust the position of the unbalanced masses relative to one another. The desired swing angle can be changed during operation, and / or a predefined swing angle can be maintained regardless of the material flow.

In contrast, measures are also known for the stationary arrangement of the unbalance drives. Specifically describes the publication DE 10 2017 218 371 B3 a screening system with vibration systems arranged in vibration nodes, in which screening system the phase offset of unbalance drives can be regulated.

Another method and a device for adjusting the vibration behavior of a vibratory conveyor with two electromotively driven, counter-rotating unbalance drives is known for example from the patent DE 44 17 162 C1 known.

In the case of previously known screening systems, there is therefore already the advantage, for example, that a desired oscillation angle can be changed during operation and an oscillation angle can be maintained largely independently of the current characteristics of the material being conveyed. This is also achieved in particular by means of two separate electric motor-driven unbalance drives and assigned sensor units for determining the real-time angular positions of the unbalanced masses and by means of a control system for influencing the current consumption and / or the frequency of drive motors.

However, in order to be able to achieve the highest possible screen throughput or to be able to expand the range of applications for certain screening devices (in particular with regard to a wide range of materials or a large range of variance for the conveying rate), it is generally known that a screening system as a whole is designed as large and / or robust as possible must become. This also means that the robustest possible sieve should be used. However, in order to be able to excite such massive sieves with constant quality, the vibration drives must be of a comparatively large and powerful size. As a consequence, it is also necessary to be able to compensate for a considerably greater vibration load, in particular by means of appropriately dimensioned side walls and cross members. As a result, an increased sieve throughput in a sieve system according to the prior art always requires more massive sieve components, which are more expensive than the smaller sieve components, are more difficult to assemble and require more space. Apart from this, energy aspects, in particular the continuous energy requirement for the process, are increasingly becoming critical design factors.

The problem of dimensioning or scaling of sieve devices described above illustrates that there is a need for sieve devices which can excite and shift the masses to be moved as optimally as possible in an energy-efficient manner and can also be adjusted as flexibly as possible (in particular with regard to changing material batches) without that the screening devices become too bulky and large.

With regard to the largest possible sieves, as well as with regard to minimizing the mechanical loads on the sieve structure and a lean and material-saving constructive design of the overall system, it is therefore an even more targeted, precise one Influencing the vibration behavior of interest to be set in each case, in particular also for setting different operating states of the vibrating sieve and / or for the purpose of energetic optimization measures. This interest also exists in particular in the case of vibratory conveyors which are intended to continuously convey comparatively large masses and different materials and are therefore exposed to a comparatively high permanent load.

The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device as well as an associated control / regulating device with the features described at the outset, with which the sieving process can be individualized in an adequate manner for the respective application, in particular with regard to the most individually optimizable Vibration excitation.

This object is achieved by a method and devices according to the independent patent claims. Advantageous exemplary embodiments are listed in the subclaims.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for controlling and regulating a sieve device set up for sieving an (optionally predefinable) material flow, for example rock material or mining material, the method comprising: sieving the material flow on at least one sieve deck; Regulating at least one vibration operating parameter of the screening device during screening; wherein the regulation is carried out as a function of at least one material input parameter from the following group: current material flow, grain size spectrum, grain geometry, moisture, material composition or color, local material distribution on the screen deck; wherein the regulation is carried out with respect to at least one vibration operating parameter from the following group: vibration shape, vibration width (amplitude), vibration frequency. This enables the vibration behavior to be set as a function of current material parameters (in particular as external effects), in particular online in real time, individually for each currently treated material batch.

In particular, the invention also provides the advantage that device-technical optimization measures become less complex or become entirely unnecessary, and that the respective screening device can be designed to be comparatively slim with only a small safety factor. For example, overloads such as due to strong inhomogeneous loads (mass uneven distribution) can be effectively avoided. Overall, the invention enables an individualizable reaction to external effects, in particular due to current changes in the material flow (composition, quantity and the like).

The material input parameters can in particular also be recorded with respect to a current batch of material on the screen deck.

The input parameter “current material flow” can be characterized in particular by a mass flow, a time-dependent density, and / or a conveying speed.

The input parameter “grain size spectrum” can in particular be characterized by individual areas of grain sizes or by the most exact possible grain size distribution over the entire detectable spectrum, which can optionally also be correlated with certain sieving properties.

The input parameter “moisture” can be / are characterized in particular by relative or absolute moisture measurement values at different relative positions and components or materials, in particular also by a local and / or temporal distribution of the moisture.

The input parameter "material composition or color" can be characterized in particular by a multi-element analysis, by a color distribution and corresponding correlation of the respective color to material types, and / or by pre-definable material parameters (e.g. in the case of material flow from defined material batches).

The input parameter “local material distribution” can in particular be characterized by reference to individual segments or sections of a respective screen deck, for example by dividing a screen deck in a matrix-like manner or at least dividing it into several length sections with respect to a conveying direction.

According to one embodiment, the at least one material input parameter is recorded by direct measurement, in particular by means of at least one measuring unit, and evaluated for control purposes, in particular in real time “online”, in particular with reference to the current material flow on a respective screen deck. In this way, for example, a local distribution of the feed material on the screen deck, for example in the conveying direction, can also be taken into account, in particular with a minimized reaction time (time-optimized control loop). The measuring units can be used to provide feedback regarding current conditions on the screen deck, in particular online in real time. Optional The measuring units can also be directed slightly upstream from the screening deck at measuring points, in particular for the purpose of forecasting material parameters at least a few seconds before the corresponding batch is screened.

According to one embodiment, the at least one material input parameter is acquired and evaluated indirectly (deductively) based on process data of the screening device, in particular with reference to process data from the following group: instantaneous engine power of the screening device or individual engines (in particular variance in engine power), Process data from upstream process steps or devices, vibration parameters (in particular momentary vibrations of the screen deck, measured by measurement technology, for example variance of the vibration range). As an alternative or in addition to a direct measurement, this can favor individualization of the control for a particular process. In particular, states or circumstances can also be taken into account further upstream, that is, earlier in time at an earlier point in time, which can facilitate (timely) adaptation of the device. For example, indirect material input parameters are recorded or determined indirectly via performance data from upstream machines, e.g. based on data from upstream crushers, mills and / or transport facilities. Indirect material input parameters allow deductive conclusions to be drawn about sieving parameters, in particular based on calibration curves and / or machine learning.

According to one embodiment, a change in the instantaneous material flow is recorded and evaluated with a time reference, the regulation being carried out as a function of the degree of change. In this way, the speed for a reaction to current changes can also be adjusted; this can be advantageous in particular in the case of very massive, robust, large screening devices, in particular also with regard to minimizing measures which would lead to deviations from an optimal operating state which has already been retracted.

According to one embodiment, the regulation is carried out as a function of threshold values for a maximum material flow or a maximum loading of the respective screen deck. As a result, areas for parameter variations can also be predefined, in particular largely without the risk that the screening device is overloaded or used inefficiently.

According to one embodiment, the amplitude is regulated specifically with regard to predefinable local sections of the screen deck. This also minimizes the risk that individual sections of the screen deck are not used effectively. In the case of vibratory conveyors in particular, this can improve the sieving effect and further homogenize the composition of the sieved material flow.

According to one embodiment, the material input parameters are recorded and evaluated in at least two groups, namely both with regard to the feed mass flow (material flow before or on the screen deck before sieving) and with regard to the oversize grain mass flow (product after sieving, relatively larger) and / or regarding the undersize mass flow (screened product after sieving, relatively smaller). A differentiation with regard to oversize and undersize mass flow can e.g. also increase the efficiency of the process and can e.g. Enable even more targeted optimization even with several screen decks, especially also individually for each screen deck.

According to one embodiment, the local material distribution on the screen deck comprises a layer height distribution over the screen width and / or over the screen length. A layer height distribution can e.g. can also be recorded and evaluated as a parameter that is taken into account in an upstream process step, e.g. to optimize the local distribution when feeding the material.

According to one embodiment, a speed of at least one motor of the sieving device is regulated for regulating, in particular a motor coupled to the respective sieve deck. According to one embodiment, a power range for the power consumption of the screening device is regulated. In particular, this also enables direct and quick influence on the forms of vibration. The regulation of motors can also include the direction of motor rotation and / or a phase offset.

According to one embodiment, the screening device is regulated based on calibration curves, in particular also by means of self-learning algorithms. As a result, the control process can also be automated to a certain extent or can be designed to be self-sufficient.

According to one embodiment, vibration operating parameters are set exclusively by means of process-based control of vibration parameters of the vibration system, without any device-related measures on the screening device, in particular exclusively based on operating parameters of the exciting vibration system. This further simplifies the optimization of the screening device, in particular also Advantageously customizable regardless of complex technical measures. For example, the screening device can be used for various different materials or material flows without any device-related measures.

The above-mentioned object is also achieved according to the invention in particular by means of a sieve device for sieving an (optionally predefinable) material flow, for example rock material or mining material, with at least one sieve deck and at least one vibration system coupled to the sieve deck, which can be regulated with respect to at least one vibration operating parameter ; wherein the screening device is set up to record at least one material input parameter from the following group: current material flow, grain size spectrum, grain geometry, moisture, material composition or color, local material distribution on the screen deck; wherein the screening device is further configured to control and regulate at least one vibration operating parameter of the screening deck from the following group, as a function of the at least one material input parameter: vibration shape, vibration width (amplitude), vibration frequency. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

The vibration system comprises, for example, one or more unbalance drives and is coupled, for example, to the side walls of a screen box.

For example, the screening device is designed as a vibratory conveyor.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the screening device has at least one measuring unit for detecting the at least one material input parameter. A measurement technique which is advantageous in the respective individual case can be implemented in accordance with the desired special features of the control technology. In addition to individualized optimization, measurement technology also enables process monitoring.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the screening device is set up to record process data from the following group: instantaneous motor output of the screening device, process data from upstream process steps or devices, vibration parameters. This favors a comprehensive analysis.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the screening device is set up to record and evaluate the current material flow with a time reference and to regulate it as a function of the degree of change. In this way, you can also react individually to current changes, e.g. if the delivery capacity of an upstream conveyor device varies greatly.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the screening device is set up to regulate as a function of threshold values for a maximum material flow or a maximum loading of the respective screening deck. This can e.g. a safety function, in particular a shutdown function or a down regulation, can also be implemented.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the sieve device is set up to regulate the vibration range in a position-specific manner with respect to predefinable local sections of the sieve deck, in particular by means of control / regulation of stimulating drives. As a result, the loading can be homogenized and / or adjusted with respect to a desired conveying direction.

It has been shown that the direction and the resulting force of the excitation can be set by adapting phase offsets of motors or drives, in particular also of drives combined into groups. For example, by adapting only one group or all groups except for one group, the amplitude can also be manipulated locally, for example in one of the corners or at one of the ends of the screening device.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the screening device is set up to record and evaluate the material input parameters in at least two groups, namely both with regard to the feed mass flow and also with respect to the oversize grain mass flow and / or with respect to the undersize mass flow. This also allows the sieve function to be monitored. In addition, a process-related link can be made with upstream or downstream processes, for example also with regard to a characterization of the screened material (screened material flow).

According to one embodiment, the screening device is set up to record and evaluate the local material distribution on the screen deck with regard to a layer height distribution over the screen width and / or over the screen length. Taking the layer height into account can also be particularly advantageous with regard to the efficiency of the screening process.

According to one embodiment, the screening device is set up to regulate a speed of at least one motor of the screening device and / or a power range for the power consumption of the screening device. This can include, in particular, an arrangement several motors or vibration exciters can be controlled in a particularly flexible or varied manner. For example, one or more unbalance drives (motors) are each controlled and regulated on the side walls of a screen box.

According to one embodiment, the screening device is set up to regulate the screening device (or the screening process) based on calibration curves, in particular also by means of self-learning algorithms. In this way, standardization can also take place, or regulation can take place within predetermined limits and based on an internal plausibility check in a particularly reliable manner, in particular also e.g. with regard to a particularly sustainable operating state of the screening device. This enables e.g. also a driving style that minimizes stress.

The screening device with the vibration system is preferably designed as (in particular exclusively) software-configurable mechatronic screening device. Last but not least, this favors optimization, in particular independently of device-related measures on the screening device. This can also broaden the range of applications.

The aforementioned object is also achieved according to the invention in particular by a control / regulating device set up to carry out a previously described method, the control / regulating device being in communication with a plurality of measuring units set up to detect or include material input parameters. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

The plurality of measuring units can form a sensor system which is adapted to the available motors, actuators or similar actuators in such a way that an optimization of the screening device can be regulated based on an online characterization of material input parameters.

The above-mentioned object is also achieved according to the invention in particular by using a control device in a screening device, in particular in a screening device described above, in a previously described method, in particular for controlling the screening device with respect to at least two vibration operating parameters from the following group: vibration shape , Vibration amplitude, vibration frequency; in particular as a function of at least two material input parameters from the following group: current material flow, grain size spectrum, grain geometry, moisture, material composition or color, local material distribution on the screen deck. This results in the aforementioned advantages. In particular, a comparatively targeted individual regulation can take place by reference to several parameters in each case.

• 1 in einer Seitenansicht eine Siebvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2 in einer Draufsicht eine Siebvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 in schematischer Darstellung einzelne Schritte eines Verfahrens gemäß einer Ausführungsform.

Further advantages of the invention result from the description of at least one exemplary embodiment with reference to drawings, and from the drawings themselves

• 1 a side view of a screening device according to an embodiment;
• 2nd a top view of a screening device according to an embodiment;
• 3rd a schematic representation of individual steps of a method according to one embodiment.

Reference symbols which are not explicitly described with reference to a single figure are referred to the other figures. For ease of understanding, the figures are first described together with reference to all reference numerals. Details or special features shown in the respective figures are described individually.

The invention relates to a screening device 10th for sieving sieve material 4th , whereby sieved material can be divided into at least two groups: oversize and undersize material. The sieve shown 10th has, for example, a single screen deck; additional screen decks can optionally be provided. Several motors or vibration exciters 3rd are in pairs in groups 5 summarized, each vibration exciter 3rd or at least each group in communication with a control device 2nd stands, by means of which a predefinable vibration pattern can be specified. One or more measuring units 6 can provide measurement data regarding the screening device 10th and / or upstream machines 1 (for example, shredding units and / or transport devices) and sent to the control device 2nd communicate.

• S1 Vorgeben oder Ermitteln wenigstens eines Material-Eingangsparameters, insbesondere Korngrößenspektrum, Massenstrom;
• S2 Vorgeben oder Ermitteln wenigstens eines Schwingungs-Betriebsparameters oder Siebbetriebsparameters, insbesondere Schwingform, Schwingweite, Schwingfrequenz, Phasenversatz, Drehzahl, Drehrichtung;
• S3 Einstellen (Steuern/Regeln) wenigstens eines Schwingungs-Betriebsparameters oder Siebbetriebsparameters;

A method for activating and regulating a screening device can be based on the following steps, for example, or optionally include these:

• S1 Specifying or determining at least one material input parameter, in particular grain size spectrum, mass flow;
• S2 Specifying or determining at least one vibration operating parameter or sieve operating parameter, in particular vibration shape, vibration width, vibration frequency, phase offset, speed, direction of rotation;
• S3 setting (controlling / regulating) at least one vibration operating parameter or sieve operating parameter;

The 1 shows an exemplary screening device 10th in side view. The motors 3rd form groups in pairs 5 .

The 2nd shows a top view. In total, four groups are provided, each with two motors, arranged opposite one another on the side panels of the screen deck.

The 3rd illustrates an example of a material flow path from a shredding unit and / or transport device 1 over several process stages to the screened material 4th , using the measuring units 6 , the control device 2nd and the pathogen 3rd the steps S1 , S2 and S3 can be applied.

Reference symbol list

1

upstream machine, in particular shredding unit and / or transport device

2nd

Control device (sieve control unit)

3rd

Engine or vibration exciter

4th

Screen material (oversize and / or undersize)

5

Group of several vibration exciters

6

Unit of measurement

10th

Screening device

S1

Specifying or determining at least one material input parameter;

S2

Specifying or determining an oscillation or sieve operating parameter;

S3

Setting (controlling / regulating) an oscillation or sieve operating parameter;

Claims (20)

Method for controlling and regulating a sieve device (10) set up for sieving a material flow, the method comprising: - sieving the material flow on at least one sieve deck; - regulating at least one vibration operating parameter of the screening device during screening; characterized in that the regulation is carried out as a function of at least one material input parameter from the following group: current material flow, grain size spectrum, grain geometry, moisture, material composition or color, local material distribution on the screen deck; wherein the regulation is carried out with respect to at least one vibration operating parameter from the following group: vibration shape, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency. Method according to the preceding method claim, wherein the at least one material input parameter is recorded by direct measurement, in particular by means of at least one measuring unit (6), and evaluated for regulation, in particular with reference to the current material flow on a respective screen deck; and / or wherein the at least one material input parameter is acquired and evaluated in an indirect manner based on process data of the screening device (10), in particular with reference to process data from the following group: instantaneous engine power of the screening device or individual motors, process data from upstream process steps or Devices, vibration parameters. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein a change in the instantaneous material flow is recorded and evaluated with a time reference, the regulation being carried out as a function of the degree of change. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the regulation is carried out as a function of threshold values for a maximum material flow or a maximum loading of the respective screen deck. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the regulation of the vibration amplitude takes place specifically with respect to predefinable local sections of the screen deck. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the material input parameters are recorded and evaluated in at least two groups, namely both with regard to the feed mass flow and also with respect to the oversize grain mass flow and / or with respect to the undersize mass flow. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the local material distribution on the screen deck comprises a layer height distribution over the screen width and / or over the screen length. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein for controlling a speed of at least one motor (3) of the screening device (10) is regulated, in particular a motor coupled to a / the respective screen deck; and / or wherein a power range for the power consumption of the screening device (10) is regulated. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the screening device (10) is regulated based on calibration curves, in particular also by means of self-learning algorithms; and / or wherein vibration operating parameters are set exclusively by means of process-based control of vibration parameters of the vibration system, without device-related measures on the screening device, in particular exclusively based on operating parameters of the exciting vibration system. Sieving device (10) set up for sieving a material flow, with at least one sieve deck and at least one vibration system (3, 5) coupled to the sieve deck, which can be regulated with respect to at least one vibration operating parameter; characterized in that the sieve device (10) is set up to detect at least one material input parameter from the following group: current material flow, grain size spectrum, grain geometry, moisture, material composition or color, local material distribution on the sieve deck; wherein the sieving device (10) is further configured to control and regulate at least one vibration operating parameter of the sieve deck from the following group, as a function of the at least one material input parameter: vibration shape, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency. Sieving device according to the preceding claim, wherein the sieving device has at least one measuring unit (6) for detecting the at least one material input parameter; and / or wherein the screening device is set up to record process data from the following group: current motor power of the screening device or individual motors, process data from upstream process steps or devices, vibration parameters. Screening device according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the screening device is set up for detecting and evaluating the current material flow with a time reference and for regulating as a function of the degree of change. Screening device according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the screening device is set up to regulate as a function of threshold values for a maximum material flow or a maximum loading of the respective screen deck. Sieving device according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the sieving device is set up to regulate the vibration width in a position-specific manner with respect to predefinable local sections of the sieve deck. Screening device according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the screening device is set up for detecting and evaluating the material input parameters in at least two groups, namely both with regard to the feed mass flow and with respect to the oversize grain mass flow and / or with respect to the undersize mass flow. Screening device according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the screening device (10) is set up to record and evaluate the local material distribution on the screen deck with respect to a layer height distribution over the screen width and / or over the screen length. Screening device according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the screening device (10) is set up to regulate a speed of at least one motor (3) of the screening device and / or a power range for the power consumption of the screening device. Sieving device according to one of the preceding device claims, wherein the sieving device is set up to regulate the sieving device (10) based on calibration curves, in particular also by means of self-learning algorithms. Control / regulating device (2) set up to carry out a method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the control / regulating device is in communication with a plurality of measuring units (6) set up to detect or include material input parameters. Use of a control device in a sieve device, in particular in a sieve device according to one of the preceding device claims, in a method according to one of the preceding method claims, in particular for regulating the sieve device with respect to at least two vibration operating parameters from the following group : Vibration mode, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency; in particular as a function of at least two material input parameters from the following group: current material flow, grain size spectrum, grain geometry, moisture, material composition or color, local material distribution on the screen deck.

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