DE102019002968A1 - Shaped stone - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a molded stone for the reversible construction of solid walls, columns or other structures in dry construction. According to the invention, a natural material is largely used.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a molded stone, in particular for the reversible construction of solid clay walls, columns or other structures made of clay in dry construction.

The invention also relates to a method for creating earthen structures in dry construction and a method for producing functional earth blocks.

STATE OF THE ART

Shaped bricks can be produced in different ways. In the extrusion process, the clay (a mixture of clay, sand and water) is pressed into an endless strand, from which the green compacts are cut down piece by piece and then dried. Another method is to press the clay into a wooden or metal mold. After an at least largely flat surface has been peeled off, the mold can be removed and the stone can dry. The special properties of the shaped stone are based in particular on the fact that the stone is not burned, but simply dried in the air.

Shaped stones have properties that have a positive effect on the climate of a correspondingly developed room. The clay regulates the humidity, stores the heat, insulates the sound, has an antibacterial effect, absorbs pollutants and pathogens, reduces odors and keeps radiation off.

Other positive properties of molded blocks are based on the fact that production is simple and requires little energy, with the raw material being readily available almost worldwide. The shaped stone has an attractive appearance, is durable and can be almost completely recycled. In addition, clay is a naturally occurring raw material that is free of harmful substances and skin-friendly. An advantage that is particularly significant in today's world, given the many people who suffer from allergies.

A disadvantage of molded bricks is that they are usually processed into solid walls using the wet construction method, for which the specialist knowledge of a master bricklayer is required, since the dimensional inaccuracies of the individual molded bricks must be compensated for by a corresponding professional application of mortar. Processing is therefore time-consuming and costly. Since clay walls, walls or other building elements made of clay are often installed subsequently or in addition to improving the indoor climate in existing buildings, a serious disadvantage of wet construction is that a lot of dirt and moisture is carried into the house when processing the shaped stones .

The aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a stone which has the positive properties of a shaped stone, but which can be processed more easily and cleanly.

In JP 3010486 U an artificial stone is described which has a wooden plate as a core, which is intended to receive screws, with the help of which the artificial stone (structural elements for tables, counters, washbasins, etc.) can then be attached. So that the wood core is firmly integrated in the stone, it is first wrapped with a fiberglass fabric and then poured into synthetic resin.

DE 10 2004 001638 A1 describes a method for producing a composite element from a concrete slab and supporting elements made of wood, the supporting elements being fixed on a formwork table and then poured with concrete, so that a composite slab is created.

In JP H 08323716 A a concrete product is described which has a decorative surface made of wood, wherein the decorative element made of wood can be fastened with screws.

EP 1 826 330 A2 describes a method for producing a prefabricated wall element in which a layer of clay is applied to a full-surface wall layer, the clay layer being held on the full-surface wall layer by holding elements made of wood. The clay layer is followed by a layer of fine plaster facing the inside of the wall.

In US 2010-003185 A1 describes a process for producing building materials from a mixture of wood chips and cement, which combine the advantages of wood and cement. These building materials can therefore be screwed and processed like wood.

The products described in the aforementioned publications are designed in such a way that they can be processed dry and clean, with stone or cement often being combined with wood in order to enable screw connections, for example. However, no possibility is disclosed to improve the workability of shaped stones or loam and thus also to enable the positive climatic properties of loam for rooms which are suitable for wet construction are ill-suited. There is therefore still a need for a solution for a method for creating a wall from clay, the elements of which can be processed dry in a simple manner.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The object is achieved by a molded block or a method according to the independent patent claims, including their characterizing features.

Advantageously, molded blocks according to the invention of preferred embodiments, which can be found in the dependent claims, the figures and / or the description, have an extended functionality. A method for creating earthen structures from molded stones according to the invention and a method for producing molded stones according to the invention are described below.

A molded block according to the invention is characterized by an integrated fastening strip made of a rigid material, preferably made of wood or a composite material, which is firmly connected to the molded block. The fastening strip is provided for the holding engagement of screws, preferably wood screws, or at least for screw guides. In an alternative embodiment, the connection of the fastening strip to the molded block is also conceivable by means of dowels.

In a further preferred embodiment, the connection of the molded blocks is not made by screw or dowel connections, but by a magnetic holding force.

Provision is preferably made for the fastening strip of the molded block to be supplemented by a magnetizable metal layer or, instead of the fastening strip, a magnetizable element is received in the molded block.

The holding effect of the shaped blocks with respect to one another is achieved in this embodiment in that the underside of a shaped block, which is provided for a magnetic connection, is provided with at least one magnet, preferably two magnets. For this purpose, disk-shaped neodymium flat gripper magnets with a countersink are particularly preferred, but cuboid magnetic bodies are also conceivable, for example.

The magnets and the magnetic elements are arranged in the shaped blocks in such a way that they rest against one another when the blocks are installed.

In order to achieve the highest possible holding force of the magnetic connection, a modification provides for the use of magnets in the top and bottom of a molded block, which are adjacent to each other when the blocks are installed.

The use of magnets is not limited to the top and bottom of a shaped block. Magnets and corresponding magnetic elements are intended to be used on all surfaces of a shaped stone that makes the use of magnetic holding force appear sensible. For example, magnets and magnetic elements in the face of shaped blocks can be used to increase the horizontal cohesion of shaped blocks in the wall structure. Particularly preferably, shaped stones with magnets are provided for building the top rows of stones in a wall composite. Particularly when a wall structure is set up in an existing building, the final rows of stones are set up just below an existing ceiling. Shaped bricks that are magnetically connected do not require any screw or dowel connections to be attached vertically and can be installed until the room height is reached.

A shaped block, which is to be connected by means of screw or dowel connections, has holes matched to the respective fastening concept of the fastening strip, with a whole shaped block comprising at least 2, half a shaped block at least one, each of the shaped block and the fastening strip continuous bore (s), which is intended to accommodate connecting screws for connecting individual shaped stones when installing the shaped stones. The decisive features for the simplest embodiment of the molded block according to the invention are thus implemented, namely a fastening strip integrated into the molded block and two through bores for receiving connecting screws. In this case, the fastening strip can be glued into a corresponding recess in the molded stone or it can also be inserted directly when the molded stone is being molded, before it dries. In this case, a firm hold of the fastening strip can be supported by appropriate holding devices, such as, for example, undercuts, which are enclosed by the clay.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fastening strip is fastened to the molded block with screws, preferably wood screws, the screws advantageously being guided through additional bores in the molded block and engaging in the fastening strip. Another variant provides that dowels are positioned in the molded stone and the fastening strip is screwed onto the molded stone.

A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides that the fastening strip in the through bores for the connecting screws additionally has countersinks for receiving the screw heads of the connecting screws. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the depressions can be covered with a first perforated disk, the first perforated disk being inserted into the fastening strip in a form-fitting manner and being provided as an upper limit for the connecting screw. The connecting screw is placed in the countersink on a compression spring which presses the connecting screw with its screw head against the first perforated disc. The compression spring itself is arranged in a depression in the lower region of the depression, the depression being provided for completely receiving the compression spring when the molded block is in the installed state.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, a second perforated disk is arranged in the recess, the second perforated disk being positioned between the screw head of the connecting screw and the compression spring and being provided for positioning the screw head of the connecting screw and for absorbing the spring force of the compression spring.

In a further preferred embodiment, a molded block can additionally have one or more recesses. These can be used to accommodate installations such as Cables for electricity, internet or lighting installations, or other installations such as junction boxes are used.

Recesses can also serve to accommodate fastening elements, for example, in order to fasten objects such as curtain rods to the outside of an earthen construction in a load-bearing manner, or in order to connect earthen structures with adjoining parts of the building, for example to meet static requirements. Recesses or cavities to save weight and material and to improve thermal insulation are also conceivable.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the end faces of the shaped blocks do not form a straight surface, but are shaped to be suitable for a form-fitting connection. Particularly preferably in a tongue and groove design. In addition to opaque butt joints, this embodiment increases the stability of the wall structure through the form-fitting connection of the shaped stones in a row of walls.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molded blocks are equipped with special optically and / or haptically perceptible features at least in the area of the visible surfaces. In particular, broken or bevelled edges, structured surfaces and coloring are provided. In particular, indicated joints are also provided in the side visible surfaces of shaped stones in order to create the visual impression of smaller shaped stones.

All types of shaped stone are suitable for reversible construction. Shaped stone constructions can be dismantled and the individual components can be reused for a new shaped stone construction. If there are screw holes in the fastening strips from a previous installation, they can be closed again if necessary, for example using dowel inserts. If the fastening strip is in turn connected to the associated molded block via a detachable connection, replacement of worn fastening strips as a whole is also conceivable.

The invention also relates to kits for creating walls, walls or other structures predominantly made of clay, which are to be offered in particular as a set. In addition to the molded blocks according to the invention described above, the kits comprise further clay building elements which are intended as a closure or cover for the walls, walls or other structures to be constructed. Thus, an advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides that kits include wall end stones, end stones, lintel stones and shaped stones as additional components. The molded stone variations according to the invention are preferably combined with further additional structural and installation elements such as cover plates, built-in cupboards, light installations and hatches and have suitable fastening devices for brackets in the further additional construction and installation elements.

The wall end and end stones are not limited to use on the outer edges of the wall structure, but can also be used within the wall structure for the integration of additional installation elements such as built-in cupboards, light installations or hatches in the wall structure.

The design possibilities of earth building structures that are created by means of the shaped stones according to the invention are expanded by the fact that in addition to the various shaped stones for creating walls and walls and shaped stones to accommodate add-on and built-in elements, special shaped stones for the efficient creation of structurally sophisticated installations such as columns, arches or capitals are part of the invention.

In principle, it is provided that all molded stone variations according to the invention are designed in such dimensions that a high degree of compatibility with standardized components and installations is given. Whole shaped bricks, for example, should preferably be produced with a length of 25 centimeters and a width of 12.5 centimeters, since this dimension is widely used for conventional bricks. Lintel stones that are intended to shut off openings in wall composites, for example for windows or built-in cupboards, in a statically secure manner at the top, are matched in their lengths to the customary standard dimensions of such built-in components.

The described use according to the invention of earth blocks in dry construction places high demands on the quality of the molded blocks, in particular on the dimensional accuracy, the shape and the visual design of the visible surfaces.

The method according to the invention for producing molded bricks according to the invention provides for the molded bricks to be produced in multiple stages.

First of all, molded stone blanks are produced according to the known methods by extrusion or in individual forms. Such molded stone blanks are reworked in further process steps with regard to their dimensional accuracy, functionality, appearance and feel.

Provision is particularly preferably made to increase the dimensional accuracy of the molded blocks by milling over the relevant surfaces. The desired functionality of the shaped blocks is achieved, depending on the intended use of the respective shaped block, through various measures, such as the incorporation of additional recesses and the attachment of additional components.

The look and feel of the molded bricks are achieved through the incorporation of special surface structures and the coloring or coating of the visible surfaces.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides for the visible surfaces of shaped stones to be veneered with an additional layer of clay before the drying process. The connection of a shaped stone with a facing should preferably be done by a pressing process. It is provided that the veneers are provided with a special structured surface using an embossing process, particularly preferably using embossing rollers. The embossing should particularly preferably be applied manually or by machine according to the random principle in order to obtain a structure that is as varied and natural as possible.

The addition of wet sand to the surfaces of the molded bricks is intended to help achieve the desired visual impression of naturalness and individuality during the forming and pressing processes and to prevent the undesired adhesion of the clay in the molding tools.

Furthermore, it is particularly preferred to provide the molded blocks with a coloring, at least in the area of the visible surfaces, in at least one thin surface layer. Coloring can be done, for example, by adding dyes to the facing of the visible surfaces or by applying an additional layer of color or an additional material with the desired color. In particular, the idea is to apply a colored layer of sand to the visible surfaces of the shaped stones.

Figure list

• 1 die perspektivische Darstellung eines Basisformsteins,
• 2 einen Formstein in einer Explosionszeichnung,
• 3a einen Schnitt durch einen Ausschnitt aus einem Formstein, mit einer Ansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Verbindungsschraube,
• 3b einen Schnitt durch einen Ausschnitt aus einem Formstein, mit einer Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer Verbindungsschraube,
• 4a die Schnittdarstellung eines erweiterten Ausschnitts aus einem Formstein, mit einer Ansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Verbindungsschraube und einer Befestigungsschraube,
• 4b die Schnittdarstellung eines erweiterten Ausschnitts aus einem Formstein, mit einer Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer Verbindungsschraube und einer Befestigungsschraube, 5a die perspektivische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines Basisformsteins mit einer verkürzten Befestigungsleiste,
• 5b die perspektivische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform eines Basisformsteins mit einer Befestigungsleiste welche die gesamte Oberseite des Formsteins abdeckt,
• 5c die perspektivische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform eines Basisformsteins mit einer Befestigungsleiste welche seitlich an einen Formstein angesetzt ist,
• 6 eine durchsichtige perspektivische Darstellung eines Basisformsteins,
• 7 die Draufsicht auf den Basisformstein aus 6,
• 8a eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Formsteins mit Ausnehmungen zur Aufnahme von Installationen,
• 8b eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Formsteins mit formschlüssig ausgebildeten Stirnseiten in Nut- und Feder-Ausführung,
• 8c eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Formsteins mit formschlüssig ausgebildeten Stirnseiten und einer Verbindungsvorrichtung,
• 9 eine perspektivische Darstellung und Draufsicht eines Mauerabschlusssteines und
• 10 eine schematische Darstellung des Funktionsprinzips für den Mauerabschluss.
• 11 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines Mauerabschlusssteins
• 12 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform eines Mauerabschlusssteins
• 13 eine schematische Darstellung eines Mauerverbundes, mit Ansicht eines oberen und seitlichen Mauerabschlusses,
• 14 eine schematische Darstellung eines Mauerverbundes, hergestellt aus erfindungsgemäßen Bausatzkomponenten mit integrierten Einbauten,
• 15 einen Mauerverbund aus Formsteinen ausgeführt mit Läufersteinen mit formschlüssigen Stirnseiten und Endsteinen in verschiedenen Größen,
• 16 eine Übersicht von Formsteinen ausgeführt als Läufersteine und Endsteine in verschiedenen Größen, 17 eine Auswahl verschiedener Formsteine zum Aufbau von Lehmkonstruktionen in besonderen geometrischen Formen,
• 18 eine Ansicht von Formsteinen zur Verbindung von Lehmbau-Wänden verschiedener Stärken,
• 19 eine Ansicht eines Mauerverbundes, hergestellt aus verschiedenen Formstein-Ausführungen und
• 20 eine Ansicht eines Rundbogenfensters aus verschiedenen Formsteinen welche zu einem Bausatz zusammengefasst sind.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to drawings, these being intended only as an explanation and not to be interpreted as restrictive. In the drawings show:

• 1 the perspective view of a basic shaped block,
• 2 a shaped block in an exploded view,
• 3a a section through a section of a shaped stone, with a view of a first embodiment of a connecting screw,
• 3b a section through a section of a shaped stone, with a view of a second embodiment of a connecting screw,
• 4a the sectional view of an expanded section of a shaped stone, with a view of a first embodiment of a connecting screw and a fastening screw,
• 4b the sectional view of an expanded section of a shaped stone, with a view of a second embodiment of a connecting screw and a fastening screw, 5a the perspective view of a second embodiment of a basic shaped block with a shortened fastening strip,
• 5b the perspective view of a third embodiment of a basic shaped block with a fastening strip that covers the entire top of the shaped stone,
• 5c the perspective view of a third embodiment of a basic shaped block with a fastening strip which is attached to the side of a shaped block,
• 6 a transparent perspective view of a basic shaped block,
• 7th the top view of the base block 6 ,
• 8a a perspective view of a shaped stone with recesses for receiving installations,
• 8b a perspective view of a molded block with form-fitting end faces in tongue and groove design,
• 8c a perspective view of a molded block with form-fitting end faces and a connecting device,
• 9 a perspective view and top view of a wall capping stone and
• 10 a schematic representation of the functional principle for the wall closure.
• 11 a perspective view of a second embodiment of a wall capping stone
• 12 a perspective view of a third embodiment of a wall closure stone
• 13 a schematic representation of a wall structure, with a view of an upper and side wall end,
• 14th a schematic representation of a wall composite made from kit components according to the invention with integrated fixtures,
• 15th a wall composite made of shaped stones with runner stones with form-fitting end faces and end stones in various sizes,
• 16 an overview of shaped stones designed as runner stones and end stones in various sizes, 17th a selection of different shaped bricks for building clay constructions in special geometric shapes,
• 18th a view of shaped stones for connecting earth building walls of different thicknesses,
• 19th a view of a wall composite, made from different shaped stone designs and
• 20th a view of an arched window made of different shaped stones which are combined into a kit.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawings listed above.

In the 1 is a shaped stone according to the invention 1 shown in perspective. You can see a fastening strip 2 , preferably made of wood, in a recess in the shaped stone 1 , preferably made of clay, form-fitting on an upper side of the shaped stone 1 is arranged, in particular is embedded in the molded block. You can also see it in the fastening strip 2 two holes 3 According to the invention by the fastening strip 2 and the shaped stone 1 to lead. This is the simplest embodiment of the molded block 1 realized in which the connection formation between individual shaped stones 1 through simple through holes 3 with the help of connecting screws 5 which in the 3a and 3b described, is realized. The connecting screws 5 are according to the illustrated preferred embodiment according to 1 , 2 , 3 into the through holes 3 used and grip when screwing the shaped stones 1 in the fastening strip 2 a second shaped block 1 one. At the same time, the screw heads become the connecting screws 5 in the fastening strip 2 of the first shaped block 1 sunk.

In the 1 a particularly comfortable variant is indicated in which the through holes 3 with perforated disks 8th are covered. This advantageous variant is only shown on the right. The function of the perforated disc 8th will be in the following 3 and 4th explained in more detail.

The fastening strip 2 itself can be done in different ways with the shaped stone 1 be connected. There are the advantageous possibilities that the fastening strip 2 into the corresponding recess in the shaped block 1 glued in or preferably directly when shaping the shaped stone 1 inserted before drying. In this case, a firm hold of the fastening strip 2 can be achieved by appropriate holding devices, such as undercuts, which are enclosed by the clay.

In further advantageous embodiments of the present invention, the fastening strip 2 with the shaped stone 1 screwed. Different screw connections are available in the 4a , 4b and 6 shown.

The 2 is a simplified exploded view of the molded block according to the invention 1 out 1 . In the upper area of the through holes 3 are in the top of the mounting strip 2 Subsidence 7th which are intended to be the screw heads of the connecting screws 5 record. How the subsidence works 7th will be with the 3 and 4th explained in detail later. In molded stone 1 namely, a total of two through holes are preferred 3 and two more holes 4th provided in 2 but not shown, the holes 4th for holding fastening screws 6 are provided with which the fastening strip 2 in the recess on the shaped block 1 is screwed. The through holes 3 are through holes for the connecting screws 5 and sit in the depressions 7th in the fastening strips into which the connecting screws 5 be introduced.

A particularly convenient design of the connection principle of the shaped stones 1 is a section through a section of a shaped stone 1 in 3a to see. Above the through hole 3 is in the fastening strip 2 a lowering 7th to recognize the one for receiving the connecting screw 5 , designed in this embodiment as a countersunk screw, is provided. At its upper end is the depression 7th with a first perforated disc 8th covered that in the fastening strip 2 is attached and the connecting screw 5 in the through hole 3 and the lowering 7th holds. Here is the connecting screw 5 on a compression spring 9 put on the connecting screw 5 against the first perforated disc 8th presses and thus in the through hole 3 and the lowering 7th holds. The exact positioning of the connecting screw 5 takes place through a second perforated disc 11 that is between the screw head of the connecting screw 5 and the compression spring 9 in the depression 7th is arranged. The second perforated disc 11 positions the connecting screw 5 in the depression 7th . At the same time the perforated disc takes 11 the spring force of the compression spring 9 and transfers this to the screw head of the connecting screw 5 . In the lower part of the depression 7th is a deepening 10 to see where the compression spring is 9 is let in. This depression 10 is dimensioned so that it supports the compression spring when installed 9 records. As in 3b recognizable, it is also possible to use the second perforated disk 11 to forego what the functionality of the shaped stone 1 not affected. In this case it is only the exact positioning of the connecting screw 5 in the depression 7th a little more difficult. However, this disadvantage is eliminated in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention when the lowering 7th perfect fit for the diameter of the head of the connecting screw 5 , what a 3b is designed as a flat head screw. The connecting screw 5 is through the hole in the perforated disc 8th accessible and can with a suitable tool, such as a screwdriver, through the through hole 3 in the fastening strip 2 a second shaped block to be connected 1 be screwed in.

The 4th shows in two views 4a and 4b an enlarged section of the shaped stone 1 as a section next to the connection principle 3 a preferred embodiment for the attachment of the fastening strip 2 on the shaped stone 1 . A fastening screw is used 6 through an additional hole 4th in shaped stone 1 guided and engages in the fastening strip 2 one. The hole 4th is designed so that the head of the fastening screw 6 in shaped stone 1 can be sunk.

In 5 are in the views 5a to 5c further variants of a basic shaped block 1' To see 1 '' and 1 '''in perspective. In the view 5a is a mounting strip 2 ' precisely fitting in a recess in the middle of a shaped stone 1' arranged. In the view 5b a fastening strip 2 ″ covers the entire top of a molded block 1 ″. In view 5c a fastening strip 2 '''is attached to the side of a molded block 1''', the fixing of the fastening strips 2 ' , 2 '' and 2 '''in the respective shaped stones 1' , 1 '' and 1 '''can be done by the measures already described (gluing, screwing or molding). The illustrated through holes 3 are simple designs in which the connecting screws 5 placed directly and the screw heads in precisely fitting countersinks 7th can be countersunk at the top of the holes.

Another fastening principle for the fastening strip 2 in shaped stone 1 is in the 6 explains when to facilitate understanding parts of the shaped stone 1 can be assumed to be transparent. Then are in the shaped stone 1 Dowels 13 positioned, with the help of which a fastening strip 2 ^IV with the fastening screws 6 on the shaped stone 1 can be screwed on. An advantageous embodiment of this fastening method provides that the holes in the fastening strip 2 to hold the screws 6 with preferably plug-shaped cover elements 14th be covered.

7th shows the shaped stone 1 out 6 with the through holes 3 and the cover elements 14th in top view.

Form stones 1 ^IV , 1 ^V and 1 ^VI with extended functionality are in the 8th in perspective representations in the views 8a , 8b and 8c to see. In the 8a are in the molded block 1 ^IV next to the mounting strip 2 ^V recesses 12 incorporated that can be used to accommodate additional installations, such as cables for electricity, internet or LED.

8b shows the molded block 1 ^V which has a groove on one face 35 and an end face spring 36 which are suitable for form-fitting and opaque abutting edges in a composite wall 25th to build. Wall composites 25th are in the 13 , 14th , 15th and 19th explained in more detail. Furthermore, in 8b on the lower longitudinal edge of the shaped block 1 ^V a stepped visible edge 39 clearly shown.

The in 8c Shaped block 1 ^{VI shown} can by means of a preferably angled connecting element 37 can be connected to neighboring installations, or by means of the connecting element 37 Objects such as curtain rods, lamps or picture frames are attached to the outside of the molded stone 1 ^VI . A connection of molded stone structures such as walls or columns may be necessary for static reasons. The shaped block 1 ^{VI shown} and the fastening strip 2 ^VII are at their end faces with half through holes 3 ' also provided with shaped stones 1 other lengths or with special shapes like the one in 5a shaped stone shown 1' with shortened fastening strip 2 ' to be screwed.

About the basic loam stones 1 In addition, a kit for building walls, walls or other structures predominantly made of clay is the subject of the present invention. The kit includes additional construction elements as a finish and cover for the walls, walls or other structures to be built. An advantageous embodiment of the additional components is in the 9 to 14th shown.

The 9 shows a wall capstone in perspective and top view 21st which is intended as the top layer of a molded stone wall. The uppermost layer can represent the upper wall termination, or also form the uppermost layer in the transition to a recess or opening within the wall composite. A fastening strip 2 ^VIII is connected in the usual way to a shaped block 1 ^VII and has a fastening device with a laterally arranged adjusting screw 15th on over which a rider 16 in a corresponding holder 18th one in 10 cover plate shown 17th intervene and this on the wall capstone 21st can fix.

A connection principle that contributes advantageously to the implementation of the invention is in 10 shown schematically. In this illustration, this type of connection is combined with a further connection principle in which at a certain distance from the bracket 18th , another bracket 19th is provided in the one in the fastening strip 2 ^{IX of} the wall end stone 21st screwed in screw 20th is introduced. In both 9 and 10 are also recesses 12 see for additional installations. The ones in the 9 and 10 The fastening device shown is not intended for fastening cover plates 17th limited, but is also used to attach in 14th further installation elements shown by way of example are suitable.

11 shows a second preferred embodiment of a wall capping stone 21 ' in a perspective view. Instead of the in 9 Fastening device described are for fastening further additional mounting and installation elements on the top and the front side of a fastening strip 2 ^X and on the front side of a molded block 1 ^VIII internal thread 29 appropriate. In the embodiment shown, metric internal threads are used, which by means of screw-in nuts 31 be introduced into the fastening strip 2 ^X and the shaped stone 1 ^VIII . 12 shows a third advantageous embodiment of a wall capping stone 21 ″ in perspective. In the embodiment shown, a form-fit connector groove runs in the fastening strip 2 ^XI on the upper side 26th , designed as a T-slot. The form-fit connector groove 26th serves to hold groove bolts 27 which in turn each with a locking nut 32 are equipped to hold additional assembly and installation elements.

A fourth, not visible embodiment of a wall closure stone 21st provides to equip it with at least one magnetic element on its upper side. In this embodiment, the cover plate would be provided with at least one magnet, preferably a neodymium flat gripper magnet with a countersink. In the installed state, this would be at least one magnetic element of a wall closure block 21st and the at least one corresponding magnet of a cover plate rest against one another.

13 shows wall composites shown schematically in two perspective views 25th . Shaped bricks are clearly shown 1 , in the left view combined with end stones 22nd and a cover plate 17th . In the right view there is a connection option for wall capping stones 21st with end stones 22nd shown. In the embodiment shown, the end stone 22nd with a laterally adjacent wall capping stone 21 '''via dowels arranged on the face 24 connected. Both the wall end stone 21 '''and the end stone show this 22nd two corresponding dowel holes in one end face 23 to accommodate the Dowels 24 on. The end stones 22nd are designed as half stones in both views, with half covering of the stones in order to produce a wall composite 25th straight vertical edges 33 to be able to generate.

In a second, not visible embodiment, a connection of the end block 22nd with an adjacent wall capping stone 21 '''not via dowel holes 23 and dowels 24 realized, but achieved by means of magnetic force.

It is provided that at least one magnet, preferably two magnets, particularly preferably neodymium flat gripper magnets with a countersink, in the wall closure stone 21 '''instead of the dowel holes 23 let in and fasten. A fastening of the magnet (s) to the stone is preferably realized via a screw connection, but could also be done in suitable alternative ways, for example by gluing. The end stone corresponding to the wall capping stone 21 ''' 22nd obtained in this embodiment instead of the dowel 24 on its lateral contact surface at least one magnetic element, preferably two magnetic elements, particularly preferably two metal disks, which are intended to adhere to the magnet (s) of the wall capping stone 21 '''. To achieve the highest possible holding force of the magnetic connection, a modification of the second embodiment is provided, both in the wall end stone 21 '''and the end stone 22nd To attach magnets, which are adjacent to each other in the case of built-in stones.

14th shows in two perspective views each a schematically illustrated composite wall 25th , made from components of the above-mentioned advantageous example of a kit according to the invention with integrated installation elements 34 , 34 ' . In both views there are shaped stones 1 , Wall capping stones 21st , End stones 22nd , Falling stones 30th and built-in elements 34 , 34 ' clearly shown. The built-in element 34 in the left view is an LED lighting element. The built-in element 34 ' in the right view is a two-door built-in wardrobe. The through the built-in elements 34 and 34 ' in the wall networks 25th created gaps are from falling stones 30th that are longer than standard shaped bricks 1 are executed, covered.

15th shows a wall composite which consists of shaped stones 1 ^X , wall end stones 21 ^IV and end stones 22 ' , 22 ", 22""and 22 ^{IV is} formed. The shaped stones 1 ^X are designed as running stones in double length and each have a groove on the face 35 and an end face spring 36 . In order to create the visual impression of simple stones despite the double length, the shaped stones 1 ^X are provided with a vertical dummy joint in the middle on the visible side surfaces. The end stone 22 ' is groove with one face 35 and a straight face, the end stone 22 "" with a face spring 36 and a straight face. With that are the end stones 22 ' and 22 '', the opposite ends of a stone layer of a wall composite 25th to build. The end stones 22 '''and 22 ^{IV, which} are also shown, correspond in their technical design to the end stone 22''', but are different in length as a half stone or as a one and a half stone.

16 shows an overview of shaped stones 1 ^XI to 1 ^XIV and of end stones 22 ^V to 22 ^XVI . The shaped blocks 1 ^XI to 1 ^XIV form runner blocks with form-fitting end faces. The shaped stones 1 ^XII , 1 ^XIII and 1 ^XIV are provided with vertical dummy joints on the visible side surfaces, which create the visual impression of transversely built stones in the wall composite. The shaped stone 22 ^XIV has a central vertical dummy joint, which is supposed to achieve the optical impression of normal stone lengths despite the double stone length in the wall composite. The end stones 22 ^V to 22 ^XVI are identical in their technical design, but also have different lengths and a different number of vertical dummy joints. The end stones 22 ^V to 22 ^XVI are in pairs of the same length, each with a groove on the face 35 and one with a spring on the front 36 shown opposite.

17th shows a selection of shaped stones 40 ' up to 40 ^VII . The shaped stones 40 ' and 40 '' are intended to create visually appealing obtuse (<90 °) wall angles. The end faces of the shaped stones 40 ' and 40 ″ are each groove as the end face 35 and end face spring 36 designed in order to be able to realize form-fitting and opaque butt joints. The shaped stones 40 ' and 40 ″ are constructed almost identically and only differ in the length of the side legs. Different leg lengths may be necessary, for example, to compensate for the lateral offset of the vertical wall joints from row to row of stones.

The molded block 40 ^V has a square or approximately square basic shape and is intended for the construction of free-standing columns or towers. Also in 17th The shaped block 40 ^{VI shown} is designed at right angles and is used to connect wall structures that converge at right angles. Using shaped blocks 40 ^VI , precise right-angled corners can be built without complex angle measurements, which have a very high degree of stability "across corners". Form block 40 ^VII is used for the right-angled integration of, for example, a wall projection in a wall structure.

18th shows shaped blocks 40 ^VIII , 40 ^IX and 40 ^X. The shaped block 40 ^VIII is used, as does shaped block 40 ^VII , the right-angled connection of, for example, wall projections to a wall structure. However, the right-angled exit of shaped block 40 ^VIII is half-thickness. The shaped block 40 ^IX is used to close walls. Basically, molded stone 40 ^IX corresponds to molded stone 40 ^V for the construction of columns and towers, but offers the prerequisite for connection to a molded stone 40 ^X, which in turn is part of a wall structure, thanks to a groove on one side 25 ' can be. The wall composite 25 ' is in 19th explained in more detail.

19th shows based on an exemplary wall composite 25 ' , possible installation and use situations of molded blocks according to the invention described in the preceding figures. In this wall composite 25 ' Unspecified shaped bricks are clearly shown 1 , Shaped stones 1 ^V , end stones 22 ^XV and 22 ^XVI , a lintel stone 30 ' , Built-in elements 34 ' and 34 '' as well as shaped bricks 40 ' , 40``, 40 ^V , 40 ^VI , 40 ^IX and 40 ^X as well as a cover plate 17 ' . The shaped blocks 1 ^V are mainly used to create straight wall sections. A built-in element is located in the straight wall section on the left 34 ' , which represents a drawer, integrated. The cover of the built-in element 34 ' should preferably be adapted in color and structure to the surrounding shaped stones. Also integrated into the straight wall section on the left is a square opening, which can serve as a hatch, for example. In order to achieve a statically secure upper end of this opening, there is a lintel stone above the opening 30 ' in the wall composite 25 ' used. The falling stone 30 ' in the illustrated embodiment has end faces which are suitable for a form-fitting connection with the shaped blocks adjacent to the left and right. Further built-in components in the straight wall section on the left are two built-in elements 34 ″ ″ which represent LED lighting elements. The external dimensions of the installation elements 34 ″ are selected so that they can be installed in the wall composite 25 ' is easily possible. The transition to the straight wall section on the right is formed by an inside corner made of shaped stones 40 ' and 40 ''. The shaped stones 40 ' and 40 "" are installed alternately in the stone layers in order to realize the offset of the vertical joints from stone layer to stone layer necessary for a wall connection. The molded stone variations according to the invention allow a change of stone variations within a wall composite. The top layer of the wall composite 25 ' shows that shaped stones of different lengths and also shaped stones with differently shaped end faces are used. In the straight wall section on the right-hand side, an end stone 22 ^{XVI forms} the right-hand end of a row of stones with form-fitting end faces. The use of the end block 22 ^XVI with a form-fitting front surface and a straight front surface enables the wall composite 25 ' the change to unspecified shaped stones 1 with straight faces. A wall projection, which ends in a square column, is shown protruding at right angles to the front from the straight wall section on the right. The wall projection is made up of unspecified shaped stones and shaped stones 40 ^VI , the shaped stones 40 ^{VI being installed} in particular in the right-angled bend of the wall projection. The connection between the wall protrusion and the final square column is made, at least in individual stone layers, by shaped stones 40 ^IX and 40 ^X. Slightly moved forward in 19th a single standing square column is shown, the body of which is made of molded blocks 40 ^V and the top of which is a cover plate 17 ' is formed.

20th shows the components of an exemplary kit according to the invention 50 for creating a round arch opening in a wall composite 25th . The lower edge of the arched opening is formed by shaped blocks 40 ^XXI . The lateral perpendiculars of the arched opening are built up by end stones 22 ^XVII and 22 ^XVIII . The end stones 22 ^XVII are designed as three-quarter stones, the end stones 22 ^XVIII as half stones. An alternating use of different end stone lengths in the individual stone layers enables the typical offset of the vertical stone joints in the wall structure. The arch itself is formed by shaped stones 40 ^XIX and shaped stones 40 ^XX . To make a transition from the round arch formed by the shaped stones 40 ^XIX and 40 ^XX to the horizontally laid stone layers of the wall composite 25th to create, the shaped blocks 40 ^XI to 40 ^{XVII are} provided. In the 20th The upper stone layer shown is made from 2 shaped stones 1 educated. The shaped stones 1 are not part of the kit 50 , but are only intended to illustrate the transition from the shaped stones to the wall-forming stones.

The above-described figures and figures are only intended to explain the present invention and should not be seen as a restriction. Thus, the shaped blocks according to the invention can also have completely different shapes than the rectangles shown above. An interesting variant are, for example, circular cylinders that have the connection principle according to the invention and can be used for the stable and free-standing construction of clay pillars.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the earth blocks or the kits are designed in such a way that the corresponding walls or other structures can be erected and dismantled without problems using the method according to the invention. So the mud bricks are reversible usable and reusable, which is another great advantage of the functional clay blocks according to the invention from an ecological point of view.

List of reference symbols

1

Shaped stone

2

Fastening strip

3

through hole

4th

drilling

5

Connecting screw

6th

Fastening screw

7th

Lowering

8th

first perforated disc

9

Compression spring

10

deepening

11

second perforated disc

12

Recesses

13th

Dowels

14th

Cover elements

15th

Adjusting screw

16

equestrian

17th

Cover plate

18th

Bracket (rider)

19th

Bracket (screw)

20th

Retaining screw

21st

Wall capstone

22nd

End stone

23

Dowel hole

24

Dowels

25th

Wall composite

26th

Form-fit connector groove

27

Grooved screw

29

inner thread

30th

Falling stone

31

Screw-in nut

32

Clamping nut

33

vertical edge

34

Built-in element

35

Front side groove

36

End face spring

37

Connecting element

38

Recess connecting element

39

Visible edge

40

Shaped stone

50

Kit

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• JP 3010486 U [0008]
• DE 102004001638 A1 [0009]
• JP H08323716 A [0010]
• EP 1826330 A2 [0011]
• US 2010003185 A1 [0012]

Claims (14)

Shaped stone (1), made of a temporarily malleable material, for example cuboid or cylindrical, with an integrated rigid fastening strip (2) made of a block material, the shaped stone (1) being solid after the temporarily malleable material has hardened and in which the solid shaped stone (1) and / or the fastening strip (2) bores (3, 4) are arranged, characterized in that the at least temporarily malleable material is at least largely natural, preferably clay. Shaped stone (1) Claim 1 , characterized in that an entire molded stone (1) has at least two bores (3) passing through the solid material of the molded stone (1) and the fastening strip (2), preferably with internal threads in sections for receiving connecting screws (5) for Connection of individual shaped blocks (1) when installing the shaped blocks (1) to form masonry. Shaped stone (1) Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the fastening strip (2) is fastened to the shaped block (1) with fastening screws (6), the fastening screws (6) being guided through additional bores (4) in the shaped block (1). Shaped block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening strip (2) has countersinks (7) for receiving the screw heads of the connecting screws (5). . Shaped block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depressions (7) are covered with a first perforated disk (8), the first perforated disk (8) being embedded in the fastening strip (2) in a form-fitting manner and as an upper limit for the Connecting screw (5) is provided, the connecting screw (5) being placed on a compression spring (9) in the bore 3 and the countersink (7). Shaped stone (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 , characterized in that the compression spring (9) is arranged in a depression (10) in the lower region of the depression (7), the depression (10) being provided for receiving the compression spring (9) in the installed state. Shaped block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the countersink (7) has a second perforated disk (11), the second perforated disk (11) being arranged between the screw head of the connecting screw (5) and the compression spring (9) and for positioning the screw head of the connecting screw (5) and for absorbing the spring force of the compression spring (9). Shaped block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped block (1) additionally has recesses (12) for receiving installations, such as cables for electricity, internet or LED. Kit (50) for creating drywall predominantly from clay, the kit (50) in particular molded bricks (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th comprises, characterized in that the kit (50) comprises additional clay building elements, the additional clay building elements being provided as a termination and cover for the walls, walls or other structures to be built. Kit (50) Claim 9 , characterized in that a first additional component is a wall closure stone (21) with suitable fastening devices (16, 20) for the holders (18, 19) of a cover plate (17). Kit (50) Claim 9 or 10 , characterized in that another additional component is a cover plate (17) with corresponding brackets (18, 19) for the fastening devices (16, 20) of the wall closure stones (21). Dry construction process for the reversible construction of a clay wall, in which shaped stones (1) are screwed together to form a wall. Drywall process according to Claim 12 , wherein shaped stones (1) made of clay and a fastening strip (2) made of rigid material are manufactured in a prefabrication, which shaped stones (1) can be screwed together after they have dried. Use of clay in dry construction, characterized in that stone is set on stone, with particularly preferred molded stones according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th be used.

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