DE102018008598A1 - Spacers and fasteners for parts to be fastened to the building through a facade - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, functional parts to be attached subsequently to buildings with thermal insulation are fitted with spacers. For the spacers, drill holes are made in the thermal insulation and in the building wall.

Description

The invention relates to spacers and fasteners for parts to be fastened to buildings through a facade. All buildings have a facade. The facade often includes thermal insulation and in front a plaster layer or other unsustainable layer.
Subsequently, the task often arises of attaching essential parts to the building. These include in particular canopies, awnings, advertising systems, escape routes, scaffolding, lamps and surveillance cameras and the like. Some of the parts have a considerable weight.
All parts must withstand significant wind loads.
To fasten the facade profiles and facade panels, threaded rods are anchored in the building as spacers, the length of which is dimensioned such that they protrude through the thermal insulation in front of the building and, in addition, protrude from the thermal insulation by a measure necessary for the fastening of the front of the facade fastening parts is required.
The threaded rods are mostly M12 Poles. That means it is rods with 12mm outer diameter and a metric thread on the circumference. Such threaded rods have a certain load limit.
Larger loads are distributed over a corresponding number of threaded rods.
The threaded rods are glued into corresponding holes in the building. For this purpose, holes are drilled into the building wall through existing thermal insulation, then adhesive is introduced and the threaded rods are pressed into the adhesive. The building walls can also be drilled through to hold the threaded rods on the inside of the building with rondelles.

The invention has recognized that the threaded rods form thermal bridges and that their selection and assembly are often poor. Defects include inaccurate positions of the threaded rods, misalignment of the threaded rods and too or too little protrusion of the threaded rods compared to an existing thermal insulation.
When selecting threaded rods with insufficient strength, the threaded rods bend under the load of the parts to be fastened.

In the past, efforts have been made to facilitate faultless attachment of the parts.

A lot can be improved on the conventional fastenings according to the older proposal if not only a hole is drilled in the insulation, as is required for the assembly of the threaded rod in the building, but a hole is drilled that is at least three times the diameter of the threaded rod , preferably at least four times the diameter and even more preferably at least five times the diameter of the threaded rod.
For this purpose, the hole is preferably first drilled through the thermal insulation into the building, which is conventionally required for the dowel and the adhesive. This hole is drilled in the thermal insulation to the level described above. The drill can serve as a guide, which is intended for the smaller hole in the building.
The drill bit for making the threaded rod bore is regularly a stone drill. These are drills with a carbide tip. There are stone drills on the market that can also be used to cut the reinforcing steel reinforcement when drilling in concrete. However, the drilling progress is reduced considerably if the stone drill hits the reinforcing steel reinforcement.
On the other hand, the tool for making the larger hole in the insulation is, for example, a lightly designed pot drill or a milling cutter.
A combined tool consisting of the stone drill and the pot drill can also be used. Then the pot drill can be held / mounted on the stone drill.
After drilling, at least the borehole is cleaned in the building wall in order to produce a clean adhesive surface.
According to the older proposal, the larger hole in the thermal insulation is used to screw a reinforcement (reinforcement) onto the threaded rod after the threaded rod is glued in the building and to clamp it against the building wall. The reinforcement advantageously takes place in the area in which the threaded rod is exposed to the greatest bending load. The ability of the threaded rod to take up much more tensile load than bending load is used. Due to the reinforcement and tension described above, part of the tensile strength of the threaded rod is used to reduce the bending load.
The reinforcement is preferably selected as a function of the bending load occurring and the load capacity of the anchor.
The reinforcement can be an annular thickening with a corresponding contact surface on the building wall. The diameter of the bore is preferably equal to the outer diameter of the reinforcement plus a game that is necessary to screw the thickening through the hole onto the threaded rod.
Optionally, the reinforcement can also be used to guide and reinforce the milling cutter. The reinforcement in the hole for the armature can accommodate a rod which engages in the hole for the armature at one end and forms a guide for the milling cutter and forms the connection to the drilling machine at the other end. A rod is particularly advantageous which has a hexagonal cross section at the end on the drilling machine side. The hexagonal cross-section finds a particularly good hold in the drill chuck.
Preferably two rods are provided, of which one rod forms the guide in the borehole and the other rod is firmly screwed to the amplifier. It is advantageous if the drill rod on the drilling machine side also has a positive connection with the amplifier.

The milling cutter can be a face milling cutter which is connected to the amplifier in the same way as the drill rod on the drilling machine side. The end mill can machine the entire area of contact with the wall. A circular cut can first be made into the surface of the building wall using a pot mill, the interior of which is machined in a second step with a face mill.
Like the end mill, the pot mill can be attached to the reinforcement. As an alternative to attaching the milling tools to the reinforcement, the milling tools can also be attached to the rod.

The reinforcement can be a cylindrical sleeve with a collar towards the building wall and an internal thread in the sleeve. The collar serves as support; the internal thread for screwing.
The reinforcement can be in one piece or be composed of several parts. The reinforcement can consist of metal and / or plastic or other solid materials.
It is advantageous to have the reinforcement on the wall of the building close.

In the case of a full-surface edition, machining the wall of the building at the borehole is advantageous according to the older proposal. This can be done with a face milling cutter, which has a hole in the middle, so that the milling cutter can be pushed over the threaded rod that is already glued. The threaded rod then gives the milling cutter support and guidance for precise milling work.
By milling, the building surface is leveled and an area is created on which the central axis of the anchor is vertical.
At the same time, the amplifier has a contact surface with the building wall, on which the central axis of the bore in the amplifier is exactly perpendicular. This occurs, for example, by manufacturing the amplifier as a turned part on a lathe / lathe.

The ring-shaped or cylindrical reinforcement is optionally provided with a collar that has a narrow edge on the building wall side. Then the edge forms the contact surface with the building wall and the milling work in preparation for the attachment of the reinforcement is reduced to a fraction of the milling work required for full-surface contact of the collar on the building wall, namely to that corresponding to the edge on the collar of the reinforcement Building wall surface, an annular narrow strip.
In particular, glue that oozes out of the armature when the armature penetrates can remain within limits. To a limited extent means that too much adhesive has to be removed, however, no special care must be taken when removing the excessive amount of adhesive on the area enclosed by the annular contact surface explained above.

As an alternative to leveling the contact surface for the reinforcement of the threaded rod on the building wall, the reinforcement can also be glued to the building wall. The gluing can make the leveling of the contact surface on the building wall unnecessary. The reinforcement can be glued in the borehole after the threaded rod has been glued. The gluing can also take place at the same time as the threaded rod is glued in.

For subsequent gluing, the adhesive is placed between the reinforcement and the building wall. There, a layer of material forms on the contact surface, on which the reinforcement can rest perfectly without the surface having to be machined with a milling cutter. In addition, the bond creates a connection between the reinforcement and the building wall. This adhesive connection relieves the threaded rod or absorbs part of the effective load forces in the event of a load.

Depending on the adhesive used, the adhesive develops particularly high adhesive forces between the building wall and the reinforcement when the reinforcement is stretched against the building wall. Such adhesives are sensitive to pressure. In order to be able to optimally use such adhesives as well, it can be of To prevent tension that strong torques act on the reinforcement. This can be achieved by avoiding rotation of the reinforcement during the tensioning process. For example, a reinforcement is suitable for this, which is not screwed on, but only plugged on and has a correspondingly large hole instead of a threaded hole, which surrounds the threaded rod or the anchor at least with a small distance. Then the clamping force can be transferred to the reinforcement with a screw nut without the risk of the reinforcement also turning. The use of a washer with low friction on the reinforcement side and / or low friction on the screw nut side can be advantageous. The washer can optionally also be provided with edges which protrude from the edge of the screw nut and at the same time from the head of the reinforcement and can be folded around with one part around the head of the reinforcement and with the other part around the screw nut. This provides additional protection for the reinforcement and the nut against loosening.

In the other variant of gluing the threaded rod and reinforcement together in a single gluing process, so much adhesive is optionally filled into the borehole that when the threaded rod is mounted with the reinforcement preassembled on it, so much glue oozes out of the borehole that with a desired gap dimension of for example up to 3mm the entire gap is filled with glue. With little routine, the necessary filling of the borehole can be achieved by hand with a sense of proportion without other aids. The filling of the gap can then be recognized by the fact that the adhesive swells out at all edges of the reinforcement when the threaded rod is positioned with the preassembled reinforcement. The size of the gap between the building wall and the reinforcement is immaterial.
Alternatively, the adhesive can also be injected into the borehole. Then it is not necessary to estimate the volume to be filled with adhesive. The injection can continue until the sufficient void filling can be seen from the emerging adhesive. For the injection, for example, the anchor and / or the reinforcement can be provided with through openings for the adhesive.

In a further embodiment of the invention, multi-part anchors are provided. Multi-part anchors can consist, for example, of a threaded rod piece and a sleeve, the sleeve being provided with an internal thread and the threaded rod piece being screwable into the sleeve. Advantageously, the sleeve can first be glued in the anchor hole in the building wall, so that the def anchor can then be screwed into the sleeve. This allows the amplifier with the threaded rod piece to be used as a prepared product. This will screw the amplifier supplied with the threaded rod piece into the glued-in sleeve.

With such an adhesive / layer formation, deviations of the building wall from the vertical can advantageously also be compensated for. The adhesive layer then forms a compensation layer for unevenness in the building wall and deviations of the building wall from the vertical. This makes it easier to mount the threaded rods exactly horizontally.

The adhesive is preferably the same as that used for gluing in the threaded rod. A suitable adhesive is, for example, a gel-like, solvent-free two-component adhesive based on epoxy resin with a cycloaliphatic polyamine hardener. Such an adhesive is commercially available, for example, under the name Akepox 5010. Minimal shrinkage is advantageous when the adhesive hardens.

Rough, dust-free adhesive surfaces are an advantage for every reinforcement bonded to the building wall. In addition, individual depressions in the contact area of the reinforcement and / or in the building wall can be advantageous. Then the glue penetrates into the recesses. Thickenings are formed in the adhesive layer between the reinforcement and the building wall, which increase the resistance of the bond against loosening when torque is applied.
Advantageously, non-cylindrical bores can also be drilled into the building wall. Such holes are all holes with a cross-section that is not cylindrical. This also includes drilling as is often observed in laypeople, namely drilling that runs out of the intended center of the hole in the plane of the building wall. One speaks of a running of the hole. The run is easy if a joint is drilled in the masonry and the drill is not locked accordingly and the drill is not sufficiently rigid. If it is desired to run to produce a non-cylindrical bore, the drilling machine can be pressurized for lateral evasion, for example immediately after reaching the desired depth, with lateral pressure. Then the anchor's hold against twisting is determined not only by the adhesive strength of the adhesive, but also by the resistance to deformation of the adhesive in the hole.
An undercut of the hole in the wall of the building is also advantageous against axially extending the armature. The undercut can be achieved by inserting a scratch or milling cutter into the bore after reaching the desired drilling depth and removing the drilling tool used for this purpose, which is placed against the borehole wall at at least one point and incorporates a groove into the borehole wall by rotating. This is preferably done in the area in which the anchor is located after it has been glued.

On good (flat and vertical) building walls, preparation of the contact surface with a milling cutter as well as the application of an intermediate layer can be unnecessary if the reinforcement is to be installed on the building wall without gluing. Then the building wall offers itself a flat, vertical contact surface for the reinforcement to rest on the building wall.
As described above, the reinforcement is clamped against the building wall.

Either the reinforcement is provided with an internal thread suitable for the threaded rod. The reinforcement can then be rotated on the threaded rod until the desired tension is reached.
To screw the reinforcement, the reinforcement is optionally provided at the end facing away from the building wall with a collar which is formed on the outer circumference, for example as a hexagon, so that the collar can be encased with a corresponding hexagon socket of a hollow key. The hollow key is adapted to the length of the anchor end projecting from the reinforcement, so that the hollow key can also be placed over the projecting anchor end. Pipes are favorable which are also provided with an internal hexagon at the other end, so that each pipe can be moved with a part which engages with an external hexagon in the internal hexagon at the other end. This means that the key has several parts and consists of the tube described above and the part with the external hexagon. External shapes other than a hexagon can also be used on the amplifier, for example a square or a pentagon. Optionally, the key also engages in the end face of the amplifier.
The reinforcement can be secured in the respective contact position on the building wall with a lock nut.
Or the central hole in the reinforcement is designed as a through hole and the bracing is carried out with a screw nut on the threaded rod. In addition, the pressure position can be secured using a lock nut.
For the bracing one-piece or multi-piece wrenches are suitable, which grip with a tubular part over the threaded rod and are adapted at the front end of the tubular part of the screw nut or lock nut or alternatively reach into suitable recesses of the reinforcement. The wrench also includes a lever arm with which the torque for the bracing is applied.

It is favorable if the lever arm is at the same time designed as a ratchet and can therefore be moved back and forth during tensioning.
It is also favorable if the lever arm is also provided with an indicator for the torque. This can ensure that the adhesive of the threaded rod is not overloaded when the reinforcement is clamped.
It is also advantageous if the threaded rod has a profile like a reinforcing steel rod in the area reaching into the borehole. Then the threaded rod can regularly absorb significantly more torque than with a threaded part of the threaded rod that reaches into the borehole.
The threaded rod can then also be referred to as an anchor.

Furthermore, in the case of adhesive-free contact, the building wall is favorable for the non-rotatable arrangement of the reinforcement if the reinforcement has a profiling on the contact surface with the building wall, which gives the contact surface high friction with the building wall, better still causes clawing in the building wall. Then less clamping forces are required to secure the reinforcement on the building wall.

The reinforcement stiffens the threaded rod.
The further the reinforcement extends in the thermal insulation, the greater the stiffening of the threaded rod.
It is preferably at least provided that the stiffening in the longitudinal direction of the threaded rod has a dimension which is at least 1/3 of the thickness of the thermal insulation, more preferably has a dimension which is at least 0.5 times the thickness of the thermal insulation, and most preferably one Dimension that is at least equal to 2/3 of the thickness of the thermal insulation.

The reinforcement can be made of concrete.
The reinforcement can be made of steel.
The reinforcement preferably consists of a high-strength plastic with a low heat transfer coefficient in comparison to other materials. For high-strength plastics, reference is made to DD242194 , DD142166 , DD140120 , DE 102014102826 , DE102015007004 , DE102014115506 , DE4214636 , DE1504463 , EP567845.
Optionally, fiber-reinforced plastics with particularly high strength can also be used.
Optionally, the reinforcement also consists of a composite material, for example layers of steel and plastic, which surround the anchor in a ring. The steel layers of the reinforcement give the strength and the plastic layers of the reinforcement give the heat-insulating properties or a low heat transfer coefficient.

The low heat transfer coefficient is an advantage for the insulation.

The reinforcement can taper towards the threaded rod as the dimension increases, because the bending load for the reinforcement decreases with increasing distance from the building wall. This creates a cavity in the borehole of the thermal insulation. According to the older proposal, this cavity is filled after the installation of the spacer with the same or similar material from which the thermal insulation is made.

Optionally, the reinforcement has a cylindrical body instead of the tapered body. This has no significant impact on the attachment of the reinforcement with a cylindrical body. The advantage of the cylindrical shape of the reinforcement lies in the filling of the borehole in the thermal insulation. The remaining cavity, which results with thicker thermal insulation with the same cylindrical shape of the reinforcement, is optionally filled by other cylindrical bodies with the same threaded hole or through hole as the reinforcement. These further cylindrical bodies can have the same or a different thickness as the reinforcement provided on the building wall side. They can also have the shape of disks. With the different thicknesses, the borehole can be filled up to the edge of the thermal insulation. However, it is also possible to have the cylindrical bodies protrude or lag behind the thermal insulation. The respective position results from the connection of the spacer with the parts to be installed in front of the facade.
The additional cylindrical parts, like the reinforcement on the building wall, are preferably made of a non-foamed, high-strength plastic. Depending on the load caused by the connection of the spacer with the parts intended for fastening in front of the facade, less rigid plastic, including foamed plastic, can also be considered for the production of the further cylindrical bodies.
The additional cylindrical parts are then optionally glued and / or screwed to the cylindrical reinforcement to give the construction even more strength.
In the conventional design of the spacer with a continuous threaded rod, the threaded rod protrudes from the thermal insulation for the connection with the parts to be fastened in front of the facade.

There are still systems with a metallic threaded rod that extends through the entire thermal insulation and extends up to the thermal insulation to form a connection for the parts to be installed in front of the facade.

However, this creates heat transfer from the building via the threaded rod to the facade. The problem of heat transfer can be solved by thermal decoupling.
For thermal decoupling, reference is made to DE202011050195 , DE102011051510 , DE102010061139 , DE19653672 , EP2853654 , EP2540924 . There is provided intermediate piece with low heat conduction between parts of high heat conduction.

Using this technique, it is known to divide the threaded rod and to use a heat-insulating intermediate piece made of non-foamed, high-strength plastic at the dividing point.

When filling a borehole in the insulation with the cylindrical reinforcement and one or more other cylindrical bodies, according to the older proposal, at least one of the cylindrical bodies is provided in the center with a blind hole designed as a threaded hole instead of through holes on both end faces. Thermal decoupling is possible with this cylindrical body. To do this, the threaded rod is divided. A part is intended for gluing in the borehole and protrudes from the borehole in order to be screwed to a cylindrical body. A screw connection takes place in a blind hole instead of. The other part of the threaded rod is screwed into the other blind hole, which then protrudes in front of the facade for the connection of the parts to be fastened in front of the facade.

The part provided with the blind holes can also be produced by gluing two cylindrical parts provided with through-threaded holes to an intermediate part without a through-hole.

• -Sofern der Anker für einen Verstärker mit glatter Bohrung Anwendung finden soll, kann der Anker durch die Bohrung durchgeführt werden, wenn der Anker-Außendurchmesser unter Berücksichtigung eines notwendigen Bewegungsspiels kleiner als der Bohrungsdurchmesser ist. Die Hülse ist von Vorteil, wenn der aus einem Seil bestehende Anker aus dem Verstärker heraustritt. Dort wird das Seil in einer Hülse geklemmt oder verklebt, so daß über die Hülse Zug auf das Seil und Druck auf den Verstärker erzeugt werden. kann, um den Verstärker gegen die Gebäudewand zu pressen. Anstelle der Hülse können auch andere Vorrichtungen Einsatz finden, mit denen das Seil erfaßt werden kann und Zug auf das Seil aufgebracht werden kann. Zur Wirkverbindung des Hülse mit dem Verstärker ist von Vorteil, wenn die Hülse ein Außengewinde trägt, so daß der Zug mit einer Schraubenmutter erzeugt werden kann, die sich an dem Verstärker unmittelbar oder mittelbar über Distanzstücke abstützt. -Sofern der Anker auf einen Verstärker mit einer Gewindebohrung Anwendung finden soll, ist gleichfalls eine Hülse von Vorteil, die auf dem Anker verklebt wird und ein passendes Außengewinde zu der Gewindebohrung besitzt. Durch die Hülse und deren Außengewinde entsteht ein Anker, der einer Gewindestange vergleichbar ist.

Für die Einbettung der Seile in Kleber kann auch von Vorteil sein, wenn zumindest die Drähte/Fäden/Fasern an der Außenseite mindestens teilweise unter einem Winkel zur Längsachse des Seiles verlaufen.As an alternative to the threaded rods, anchors made of non-metallic material can also be used. Such anchors can consist, for example, of fibers or threads or wires which have been knitted together to form ropes or strands or profiles. Carbon fibers, glass fibers and steel fibers or steel wires are of particular advantage for the fibers and threads. Particularly with steel ropes made of steel wires or ropes made of carbon fibers, very high pressures can be generated with which the amplifier can be pressed against the building wall. Ropes made of carbon fibers and glass fibers are advantageously also heat-insulating.
When used as an anchor, the ropes described above are preferably embedded in adhesive as far as possible, so that the adhesive also forms a corrosion protection. The anchor formed by a rope is embedded in the adhesive preferably in the hole in the building wall, so that the adhesive sets at the same time with the anchor and with the building wall.

• -If the anchor is to be used for an amplifier with a smooth bore, the anchor can be passed through the bore if the anchor outer diameter is smaller than the bore diameter taking into account a necessary play. The sleeve is advantageous if the anchor consisting of a rope comes out of the amplifier. There the rope is clamped or glued in a sleeve so that tension on the rope and pressure on the amplifier are generated via the sleeve. can to press the amplifier against the building wall. Instead of the sleeve, other devices can also be used with which the rope can be grasped and tension can be applied to the rope. For the operative connection of the sleeve to the amplifier, it is advantageous if the sleeve has an external thread, so that the tension can be generated with a nut which is supported on the amplifier directly or indirectly via spacers. -If the anchor is to be used on an amplifier with a threaded hole, a sleeve is also advantageous, which is glued to the anchor and has a suitable external thread to the threaded hole. The sleeve and its external thread create an anchor that is comparable to a threaded rod.

For embedding the ropes in adhesive it can also be advantageous if at least the wires / threads / fibers on the outside run at least partially at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the rope.

The tapered reinforcement saves material and fulfills all requirements if the thermal insulation to be penetrated has the same thickness or only a few different thicknesses of relevant thermal insulation have to be taken into account and / or the thickness differences of the relevant thermal insulation are small.
With increasing demands on thermal insulation, something else may arise. When the first facades were insulated, thicknesses of 60mm and 80mm were considered sufficient. The demands on the thickness have changed continuously over the years. In the meantime, thicknesses of 200mm and more are being discussed. Once the necessary thickness of the thermal insulation has been agreed, the system with the tapered reinforcement may be sufficient for the future.
In the past, however, many buildings with less and very different thermal insulation were created. According to the older proposal, a system should also be created that is suitable for very different insulation thicknesses.
According to the older proposal, this can be achieved with the length-adjustable reinforcement.

Advantageously, a length-adjustable reinforcement can, for example, have the same length as the threaded rod that protrudes conventionally from the building wall.
Or the reinforcement can have a dimension that is equal to the thickness of the thermal insulation.
Or the reinforcement can have a dimension that is less than the thickness of the thermal insulation.
The fact that the reinforcements can be changed in length opens up various advantages for assembly.

The length-adjustable reinforcement preferably consists of reinforcement parts which can be pushed into one another and pushed apart or screwed into one another and apart. Such reinforcing parts have at least partially the same dimensions over the length. To ensure thermal insulation at the same time, exist the length-adjustable reinforcing parts at least partially made of plastic with low heat transfer. The necessary strength of the construction is optionally achieved through the use of high-strength, non-foamed plastics. A construction with thermal separation in the more thermally conductive materials can also achieve the desired thermal insulation.

Various profiles can be pushed. Hollow profiles, in particular pipes, which can surround a threaded rod are favorable. Clamps and pins or the like can prevent unintentional adjustment of the profiles,

Screw parts regularly have a circular cross section. Pipes with pins or pipes with pipes are preferably combined.

Even more preferably, the pegs are provided on the building wall side or connected to the building wall, and the pipe sits on the peg with a screw connection. At least the pipe is made of heat-insulating plastic.
When using two tubes with a screw connection one inside the other, the connection with an external thread can sit inside the other tube with an internal thread. Each of the two pipes can sit on the building side. At least the pipe that forms the connection to the outer wall of the building is made of heat-insulating, high-strength plastic. Optionally, the tubes can also consist of several layers of different materials to increase the load capacity.

The pins are preferably provided with a collar and a central opening. With the central opening, the pins are plugged or screwed onto a threaded rod / anchor, which protrudes only a fraction of the building wall compared to conventional threaded rods.
It is advantageous if the pin for the screw connection is provided with a molded screw nut. Molded in means that when the pin is shaped in a mold cavity, the screw nut is placed at the necessary point and the screw nut is enclosed by the plastic (leaving the screw openings uncovered). The pin is otherwise provided with the external thread required for screwing to the further reinforcement part.
In the form generally described above for reinforcements, the pin can be clamped alone with the threaded rod glued into the borehole, glued alone or glued and clamped.

The threaded rod does not have to protrude much further from the borehole than is required for screwing with the pin. However, it can continue to protrude.

The pin is preferably produced with a collar if the necessary diameter for a tube corresponding to the pin can be significantly smaller in outside diameter than the necessary contact surface and contact area of the pin on the building wall. If the diameter of the pipe inside the borehole in the thermal insulation can be significantly larger, the pin diameter will also be significantly larger. Then the pin can also be used without a collar. Then the pin diameter remains a certain amount smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole in the thermal insulation. The certain dimension is at least equal to twice the wall thickness of a pipe with an internal thread for screwing to the spigot, which then has a small collar or no collar at all. In the latter case, the pin has a cylindrical body with an external thread

The pipe corresponding to the pin is preferably provided at one end with an internal thread for screwing with the pin and closed at the other end and provided with a connection for the parts to be fastened to the building. At this end, the tube is so thick that it can withstand the stresses from attaching the part to be attached in front of the facade. A threaded rod sits in the closed pipe end, so that a connection of the parts to be fastened in front of the facade is possible, as with conventional spacers.
The threaded rod is held in the closed tube on both sides of the closed end with nuts.

The screwing of the pipe with the spigot allows any length change within the limits given by the thread length.
At least one ventilation opening is preferably located at the closed end of the tube. If it can be seen that the limit is exceeded and no adaptation to extremely thick thermal insulation is possible, for example another peg can be used which has a greater length, so that the spacer described above will fit for greater thermal insulation thicknesses.

When using a further tube instead of the pin, a tube (inner tube) is provided which has an external thread and can be screwed in length-adjustable manner by means of the external thread with the tube previously described in connection with the pin. The pipe (inner pipe) provided instead of the peg is closed at the end of the building wall and, like the peg, is clamped or glued to the anchor or clamped and glued. For the accessibility of the screw connection provided for the bracing, the end of the pipe provided for the pin facing away from the building wall is open.

In a further embodiment, the inner tube and the surrounding outer tube are arranged in reverse. Then the outer tube with the internal thread is arranged in the spacer on the building wall side and the inner tube with the external thread is arranged like the tube in a combination of pin and tube.

The spacer can also consist of two pins and a sleeve. Then the peg on the building wall side corresponds to the peg explained above in the combination of peg and pipe and can also be handled in this way.

This means that this pin can be glued or screwed to the building wall or glued and screwed.
The sleeve is screwed onto this peg on the building wall. The sleeve corresponds to the tube in the combination of pin and tube described above. Unlike the tube, the sleeve is continuously threaded and open at both ends. When the sleeve is screwed onto the peg on the building wall, the opposite sleeve end is still open. The second pin is screwed into the open sleeve end. In contrast to the first and on the building wall side, the second pin does not have a central through-hole. A blind hole with an internal thread is provided on the second pin. A piece of a threaded rod sits in the blind hole and protrudes so far that the second pin offers the same connection for parts to be fastened in front of the facade as conventional spacers.
The blind hole is not mandatory. The same can be achieved with a through threaded hole in the second pin, with a longer threaded rod piece and a nut. Then the threaded rod piece can be locked in the second pin with the screw nut.
The two pegs are preferably of identical design except for the peg length, so that, for example, the shortest first peg can also be used as the second peg and vice versa. In addition, pins with greater length can be provided in adaptation to large thermal insulation thicknesses.
The pins can initially be turned from solid.
If larger spigot requirements are required, welding of extension pieces to the spigot pays off.
If the number of requirements is very large, production in one injection mold also counts for the different pins.

As an alternative to the spigot with different lengths, it is possible to always use the same spigot and to use longer sleeves if there is a need to adapt to greater insulation thicknesses. Optionally, the sleeves are produced as longer sleeves, the length being such that at least two shorter usable sleeves are formed by division.
Shorter sleeves can also be produced, which can then be welded together to form longer sleeves.

For safety reasons, all screwed parts are additionally secured in the screwed position. Preferably, the screw thread with which the pins, pipes and sleeves are adjustably connected are blocked by an adhesive on the thread after the correct screwing position has been reached. A two-component adhesive that cures with sufficient delay is preferably used for this. Alternatively or additionally, existing cavities can be filled in the spacers. Assembly foam, for example, is suitable for this.

The load capacity of the spacers described above is much greater than the load of conventional spacers.
In comparative experiments, the load was measured in kilonewtons (kN), at the end of which one M12 Threaded rod at a distance of 140mm or 160mm or 180mm or 200mm from the building wall at the head of the threaded rod due to bending there is a vertical deflection of 1mm.
As a result, the spacer described above must be loaded about 5 to 8 times higher than the strongest conventional spacer for the same deflection. In detail: distance 140mm 160mm 180mm 200mm Traditionally 0.37kN 0.254kN 0.179kN 0.13 kN Older suggestion 2.291kN 1.339kN 1.151kN 0.98 kN

If an awning is to be retrofitted to a building wall with 200mm thermal insulation and the attachment of the awning is to withstand 5kN, taking into account possible wind loads, then the fastening / spacers described above are sufficient 5 Attachment points, while with the conventional attachment 40 Attachment points must be expected. With so many fastening points, the question to be answered is whether the building wall in the area of the awning then still has sufficient strength.

• a)eine Bohrmaschine, mit der durch die Wärmedämmung hindurch eine Bohrung in die Gebäudewand eingebracht wird
• b)ein Kronenbohrer oder Topfbohrer oder Fräser, mit dem die Bohrung in der Wärmedämmung aufgebohrt wird, um die Grundlage für weitere Verfahrensschritte zu legen
• c)ein Stirnfräser, mit dem die Gebäudeoberfläche im Bereich der Bohrung angefräst wird, um eine definierte
• Aufstandsfläche/Berührungsfläche für einen Abstandshalter herzustellen d)Säubern der bearbeiteten Flächen
• e)eine Gewindestange/Anker, die in einem Bohrloch des Gebäudes verklebt wird und gegenüber der Gebäudewand vorragt, um mit dem Abstandshalter verbunden zu werden.
• f)ein Abstandshalter, der
  • -aus zwei teleskopförmig ineinander geschobenen oder geschraubten rohrförmigenTeilen besteht erlangt hat, wobei der gebäudewandseitige Teil mit dem aus dem Bohrloch vorragenden Gewindestange/Anker verbunden wird und das dem Gebäude abgewandte Teil des Abstandshalters mit dem vor der Fassade zu befestigenden Teil verbindbar ist oder
  • -aus einem Hohlkörper mit der für den Abstandshalter jeweils gewünschten Länge besteht und mit der aus dem Bohrloch herausragenden Gewindestange oder Anker verbunden wird und am anderen Ende mit einem zu befestigenden Teil verbindbar ist oder
  • -aus zwei ineinander geschraubten Teilen besteht und durch Ineinanderschrauben verkürzt und durch Auseinanderschrauben verlängert werden kann, wobei dessen gebäudewandseitiger Teil mit der im Bohrloch verklebten Gewindestange verschraubt wird, und wobei dessen anderes Teil so weit auf das gebäudewandseitige Teil oder in das gebäudewandseitige Teil geschraubt wird, bis der Abstandhalter mit der Wärmedämmung bündig abschließt, und wobei das andere Abstandshalterteil mit dem vor der Fassade zu befestigenden Teil verschraubbar ist.

The following parts and work steps are used to assemble the spacers described above:

• a) a drill with which a hole is made in the building wall through the thermal insulation
• b) a crown drill or pot drill or milling cutter, with which the hole in the thermal insulation is drilled out in order to lay the basis for further process steps
• c) a face milling cutter, with which the building surface in the area of the bore is milled to a defined
• Make up footprint / contact surface for a spacer d) Clean the machined surfaces
• e) a threaded rod / anchor, which is glued in a borehole of the building and protrudes from the building wall to be connected to the spacer.
• f) a spacer that
  • - has been obtained from two telescopically pushed or screwed tubular parts, the part of the building wall being connected to the threaded rod / anchor protruding from the borehole and the part of the spacer facing away from the building being connectable to the part to be fastened in front of the facade or
  • - consists of a hollow body with the desired length for the spacer and is connected to the threaded rod or anchor protruding from the borehole and can be connected at the other end to a part to be fastened or
  • - consists of two parts screwed into one another and can be shortened by screwing into one another and lengthened by screwing apart, the part of the building wall on which it is screwed to the threaded rod glued in the borehole, and the other part of which is screwed so far onto the part of the building wall or into the part of the building wall, until the spacer is flush with the thermal insulation, and the other spacer part can be screwed to the part to be fastened in front of the facade.

The building wall can be of various types, consisting of concrete, brick, perforated brick, hollow block, sandstone, gas concrete and the like.
The drill bit provided here has a sleeve, one end of which forms a cutting edge. A guide adapted to the borehole is provided in the center of the sleeve, which protrudes sufficiently far from the sleeve to provide guidance in the thermal insulation and in the borehole. The sleeve receives the material cut out by it. Without the guide, the crown drill would correspond to a known sleeve-shaped drill for core bores in which a core is drilled out of a material.

The threaded rod has the function of an anchor.
Instead of the threaded rod, other anchors can also be used, for example rods that are designed like reinforcing steel in the area of the bore and carry a thread in the area of the screw connection with the spacer.
When inserting the threaded rod / anchor, it is advantageous to use a tool with which the threaded rod / anchor can be held and guided exactly in the center of the hole. A mandrel is suitable as a tool, for example, which comprises the threaded rod / anchor at the thread-side end, so that also a Short threaded rod / anchor can be pushed through the hole in the thermal insulation into the hole in the building wall. A cone / funnel can be helpful, which is positioned on the mandrel in such a way that it lies in the hole in the thermal insulation when the threaded rod / anchor in the hole in the building wall has reached the predetermined position. As a result, the cone / funnel prevents the threaded rod / anchor from being skewed and the cone ensures positional accuracy for the threaded rod / anchor in the longitudinal direction of the bore.
After the adhesive has solidified, the mandrel can be removed from the threaded rod / anchor.

It is advantageous if the seat for the spacer is milled on the building wall after the threaded rod / anchor has been glued.
Then an adhesive compound that has emerged from the bore in the part of the building and has solidified in the meantime can also be removed.

A face milling cutter is used as a milling cutter. This milling cutter has a hole in the middle that is adapted to the diameter of the threaded rod / anchor. In addition, the outer diameter of the milling cutter is adapted to the diameter of the bore in the thermal insulation.
As a result, the milling cutter is guided on the threaded rod / anchor and in the bore in the thermal insulation.

Various solutions are available for screwing the spacer part on the building side.
One solution provides that a corresponding thread or a screw nut or another insert with an internal thread is inserted in the spacer part on the building side, which is adapted to the thread of the threaded rod / anchor. The screw nut / insert is enclosed by the plastic material of the spacer part on the building side in such a way that the loads from the fastening of the parts are safely guided into the building via the spacer and the threaded rod / anchor. A spacer part on the building side is preferably produced by injection molding in a mold in which the screw nut / insert is positioned before filling in a liquid plastic melt.
As far as the occurring loads are passed from the spacer to the threaded rod / anchor without a nut / insert, a reinforced plastic is preferably provided for the spacer part on the building side. For example, high-strength fibers can be used as reinforcement, which can be mixed into a liquid plastic melt. Even fiber-like fine wires are suitable as reinforcement.
The mixture can also be injection molded into the spacer part on the building side.
A spacer part designed in this way is rotated during assembly for connection to the threaded rod / anchor.

Another solution for the screw connection provides that the spacer part on the building side can be plugged onto the part of the threaded rod / anchor projecting from the building without rotation. A screw nut / insert can be loosely inserted into the spacer part on the building side for screwing to the threaded rod / anchor. For this purpose, the spacer part on the building side has a sufficiently large opening, for example in the form of a hole, and a collar on the building side. The nut / insert can be screwed onto the threaded rod / anchor, so that the spacer part on the building side is clamped with the edge against the bearing surface on the building.
A mandrel is optionally provided for screwing the nut / insert. The mandrel can encompass the nut / insert.
The insert can also be designed like the nut of a socket wrench set. Nuts of a socket wrench set are components that are suitable for receiving a screw head or a screw nut on one side and have a recess on the opposite side into which a socket wrench can engage.
Optionally, the nut / insert can also form a special component; For example, a sleeve that is threaded at one end and is adapted to receive the engagement end of a socket wrench at the other end. Such a socket key can, for example, be designed as an Allen key or be a square key.
A ratchet is usually part of a socket set. A socket wrench can be moved back and forth with a ratchet and a screw or nut can only be moved in a selected direction of rotation. This is made possible with a ratchet, which is installed in the head of the ratchet and only engages in a sprocket in the selected direction of rotation and connects the ratchet arm to the sprocket or slides over the teeth of the sprocket in the other direction of rotation.

The screw connection of the spacer is preferably checked in each of the above-explained embodiments with the threaded rod / anchor. This can be done by using a torque wrench after a preliminary tightening of the screw connection. The torque wrench can be placed on the socket wrench and only transfers a pre-selected torque to the socket wrench.

The further part belonging to the spacer preferably also consists of plastic, even more preferably of the same plastic as the spacer part on the building side.
The further spacer part has the corresponding thread to the thread of the building-side spacer part. If the spacer part on the building side has an external thread for screwing to the further spacer part, the thread of the further spacer part is an internal thread. The situation can also be reversed. Then the external thread is on the further spacer part and the internal thread on the building-side spacer part.
The thread is optionally a fine thread.

When a fine thread is used, the screw connection remains in the desired screw position even if the other spacer part is screwed to a part to be fastened.
If in doubt, the selected screw position can be additionally secured. A lock screw, for example, is suitable for securing. The spacer can also be drilled in the screw area and a pin inserted in the hole. When setting the spacer, a hardening adhesive can also be applied to the thread, so that the hardening adhesive blocks the screw connection. The adhesive is preferably a two-component adhesive and is chosen so that the time until the adhesive hardens is long enough to set all the spacers to the desired level.

For screwing the further spacer part to the part to be fastened, a threaded pin is seated in the end of the further spacer part. The threaded pin can be molded in, as explained above in connection with a molded screw nut / insert. The threaded pin can also be screwed in.

In order not to hinder the setting of the spacers, it can be expedient to ventilate the cavity in the spacer. For this purpose, ventilation bores are suitable, which are drilled in the axial direction in the head of the further spacer part.
Optionally, after the spacer has been adjusted, the ventilation opening is also used to fill in a hardening agent with which the spacer is secured against adjustment.

Optionally, a rosette / cover is provided between the spacer and the part to be fastened to cover the spacer head. It is advantageous if the rosette / cover also overlaps the facade, so that moisture penetration between the thermal insulation and the spacers is prevented. This prevents damage to the facade in the event of frost.
The sealing can be increased with a sealing washer between the rosette / lid and the facade.

Optionally, the rosette / lid can also be glued to the facade.

Instead of the screw-on spacer, another length-adjustable spacer is also possible, which is designed in the manner of a hydraulic piston / hydraulic cylinder. A conventional hydraulic cylinder engages around the piston and hydraulic fluid is applied to it on at least one side until the piston assumes a certain position. The hydraulic line is then blocked and the piston remains in the desired position. According to the older proposal, instead of hydraulic fluid, a liquid adhesive or other material is poured in, which solidifies and permanently locks the piston in the desired position in which the piston or its piston rod protrudes from the cylinder to the desired extent.
A simple plastic material can advantageously be used for the cylinder and the piston, because the cylinder and the piston are substantially solidified by the filled-in adhesive. The cylinder and the piston can consist of tubes of different diameters closed on one side with lids, so that one tube with its open end can be pushed into the open end of the other tube. The covers of the pipes can be provided with corresponding openings for mounting with the provided anchors or threaded rods / threaded pins. With the usual viscous nature of the adhesive, the openings can have such a large amount of movement that the anchors or threaded rods / threaded pins slide easily through the covers.
The covers can be welded in or held in the tubes solely by mechanical forces.
There is preferably also an opening in the lid, which faces away from the spacer of the building wall, for introducing the adhesive.

Optionally, only one tube is used as a spacer, which is cut to length on the spot by longer pipe sections and immediately has the desired length of the spacer. Then pistons or other pipes are not necessary. One tube is closed with lids, as explained above in another exemplary embodiment.

• Vor dem Verkleben werden die Klebeflächen sorgfältig gesäubert, zum Beispiel mit einer Druckluftlanze oder mit einer Sauglanze, die in die Bohrung geführt wird. Gegebenenfalls ist Druckluftlanze oder Sauglanze mit einer Bürste versehen, mit der Teile abgelöst werden, die nicht ausreichend mit der Gebäudewand verbunden sind.

Das Verkleben kann in üblicher Form erfolgen, indem zunächst ein geeigneter, sich verfestigenden Kleber und anschließend die Gewindestange in das Bohrloch gedrückt werden. Die Verklebung kann unter Verwendung einer herkömmlichen Kleberpatrone erfolgen, wobei es sich empfiehlt, zunächst eine Vielzahl von Bohrlöchern vorzubereiten, damit eine Kleberpatrone möglichst weit aufgebraucht werden kann.The following applies to all gluing processes:

• Before gluing, the adhesive surfaces are carefully cleaned, for example with a compressed air lance or with a suction lance that is guided into the hole. If necessary, the compressed air lance or suction lance is provided with a brush that is used to remove parts that are not adequately connected to the building wall.

The gluing can take place in the usual form by first pressing a suitable, solidifying adhesive and then pressing the threaded rod into the borehole. The gluing can be done using a conventional glue cartridge, whereby it is advisable to first prepare a large number of drill holes so that one glue cartridge can be used as far as possible.

Optionally, a separate small adhesive cartridge can be placed in each drill hole, which is then destroyed by pressing in the threaded rod and releases the adhesive that surrounds the threaded rod and solidifies.

A dowel can also be glued into the borehole into which the threaded rod is screwed.

Despite spreading, the glue ensures that the anchor remains in place. The attachment described above has the advantage of very little effort even with a small number of dowels to be set with the cartridges.

After the new development, the adhesive gives the expansion anchor the necessary hold. The power delivery can be omitted, which is required on conventional expansion dowels to generate sufficient pressure against the wall of the hole for the dowel or for the frictional hold of the dowel in the hole. The expansion process can end when the dowel touches the perforated wall on all sides, but no substantial pressure has yet been developed against the perforated wall. This can easily be recognized from the fact that a noticeable further resistance builds up against the further spreading. A lighter screw can therefore advantageously be used. The lighter screw can be made of a material of lower strength or have a smaller diameter.

For adhesive consumption, it is also advantageous if the expansion anchor is provided with a flexible edge at at least one end, or better still at both ends.
The edge can be arranged fixedly or in one piece with the rest of the dowel or can be arranged displaceably on the dowel. The sliding arrangement allows the adhesive surface on the dowel to be adapted to the wall of the hole. This is particularly advantageous for thin plasterboard walls.

For example, the edge can be a thin lip. The lip can have different cross-sectional shapes, for example the shape of a flexible bead or the shape of a thin flexible web. The length of the cavity to be filled with adhesive in the hole for the dowel is limited with the lips.

For adhesive consumption it is also advantageous if the diameter of the hole for the dowel is chosen to be as small as possible. A play of movement for inserting the dowel into its hole and a sufficient flow cross-section for the adhesive must be taken into account.

The adhesive cartridge can be arranged in the dowel or on the dowel jacket. One or more adhesive cartridges can be provided for a dowel. If several adhesive cartridges are used, the same adhesive cartridges can be used for different dowels by taking the differences in the dowels into account by changing the number of adhesive cartridges.

The adhesive cartridge can span the outside of the dowel in the form of a tube. Then the adhesive cartridge is double-walled and the adhesive is arranged between the inner jacket and outer jacket.
Adhesive cartridges with a simple tubular or tubular jacket are preferably used. Such adhesive cartridges can be arranged as individual cartridges inside the dowel. Adhesive cartridges of this type can also be bundled together to form an arrangement in the interior of the dowel or can be embedded individually or in groups on the dowel jacket.

The housing of the adhesive cartridges can consist of different materials. This includes, for example, plastic. Plastic films can be manufactured and processed cheaply. The easy weldability of plastic films is particularly advantageous when manufacturing the adhesive cartridges and when sealing the adhesive cartridges after they have been filled.

Plastic films can also have components that protect the adhesive from solar radiation or other environmental influences.

For particularly high requirements, plastic films can be combined with other materials. This also includes metal foils. The metal foils form particularly resistant layers against the diffusion of water vapor or other media; also against radiation exposure.

The adhesive cartridges are even more preferably provided with a predetermined breaking point. The predetermined breaking point includes a weakening of the adhesive cartridge casing, so that the adhesive breaks open at a predetermined pressure load on the cartridge and releases the adhesive.

If the adhesive cartridges are arranged within the expansion dowel, it is advantageous if the expansion dowel is slit in the usual way over a certain length in the longitudinal direction in order to enable the expansion. The adhesive must flow through the slots. Therefore, a sufficient flow cross-section for the adhesive must also be taken into account for the slots.

Various adhesives are suitable for bonding.
An at least partially hardening adhesive and / or an adhesive mixture is preferably used, in which one adhesive component has a mortar base and another adhesive component has a plastic base. The mortar base should have a positive influence on the adhesion to the building material of the building part, the plastic base the adhesion on a plastic dowel.

Common adhesives such as PU adhesives can also be used. With PU adhesives, a distinction is made between 1-component adhesives (one-component adhesives) and 2-component adhesives (two-component adhesives). PU adhesives consist of isocyanate and polyol. The two components are filled together in a pressure container and together with a propellant, so that they emerge again when the container is opened. For small quantities, the container is a can. The container is large for large quantities.
The two components still require water to react. The water can be humidity or other moisture. The 1-component PU adhesives harden during the reaction with the water. When the water is extracted from the ambient air, it hardens from the outside in. On the way, curing usually takes several hours. In contrast to the 1-component PU adhesive, the components of a 2-component PU adhesive react when the components are mixed. 2-component PU adhesives generally have greater strength than 1-component PU adhesives.

PU adhesives (two-component adhesives) harden through a polyaddition reaction. Other adhesives with the same reaction are epoxy adhesives. These adhesives are called resin and hardener. EP adhesives have advantages when used on metals.

Other adhesives harden through polymerization.
Such adhesives are often based on methyl methacrylate.
These adhesives are characterized by very short reaction times.

When using two-component adhesives, the use of multiple cartridges in a dowel or on a dowel described above opens up the possibility of combining cartridges with different fillings. The one reaction component can then be contained in one cartridge and the other reaction component in the other cartridge.

A preferred embodiment of the dowel has a sleeve-shaped body which is preferably slit several times at one end. For example, three slots running in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve are provided. The segments remaining between the slots have inward curvature / indentation into which adhesive cartridges can be partially inserted.
The adhesive cartridges can already be prepared at the factory and glued in the inward curvatures of the dowel jacket to simplify the handling of the dowels.
The sleeve opening narrows due to the inward curvature. If the dowel with the adhesive cartridges is placed in a corresponding hole in a building and a screw is turned through the sleeve opening, the sleeve is expanded in the area of the adhesive cartridges. At the same time, the adhesive cartridges are pressed against the wall of the hole until they burst and the adhesive is released.
The screw is optionally similar to a wood screw with a sufficiently long tip that easily penetrates between the bulges of the sleeve, so that the screw engages well between the bulges.
The final diameter of the screw then determines the degree of deformation of the adhesive cartridges. The adhesive runs into the cavity between the dowel and the hole wall and also through the slots into the remaining cavity between the screw and the dowel inner wall. After the adhesive has hardened, the dowel is firmly seated in the building. The dowels and adhesive cartridges can also be used independently of the spacers in buildings.

Optionally, the screw is coated with a release agent to which the adhesive does not adhere, so that the screw can be unscrewed again and screwed in again as desired and can optionally be exchanged for another screw or a hook or eye or the like. A suitable release agent is, for example, silicone or Teflon.

The anchors and threaded rods are optionally made of stainless steel. This prevents the anchors and threaded rods from corroding due to moisture.

It is also an advantage if the spacer is coated with a fire protection agent.

The spacers described above and the work steps provided for them can also be used on vertical installation variants such as doors, windows, facade elements, false ceilings, pipe systems, air conditioning systems and similar components, which are mounted hanging or standing.

The invention has for its object to apply the reinforcement of the older proposal to known spacers. In particular, all spacers are considered which reach into a borehole with a rod and which carry an add-on part or front part on the facade at the end protruding from the borehole. The reinforcement of the rod according to the invention increases the load capacity of the spacer quite considerably. Such spacers load a building wall far less than a continuously thicker rod with the same bending strength as the spacer according to the invention.
Consoles, which are fastened to a building wall with several screws / anchors spaced slightly apart, are particularly stressful for a building wall. This can cause large breakouts on the wall. Expanding anchors are similarly problematic.
With the expansion anchor, every building wall is subjected to expansion after the expansion anchor has been inserted. Mineral building walls can only absorb expansion loads to a small extent, in contrast to pressure loads. According to the invention, the conventional anchors are exchanged for an anchor optimized for gluing or the conventional expansion dowel anchors are glued in addition. Optionally, this can be used to tension the anchor designed as an expansion anchor less.

• -mit einem Innengewinde auf dem Anker verschraubt werden. Dies hat den Vorte daß eine thermische Trennung innerhalb der Verstärkung erfolgen kann. Die thermische Trennung kann auch außerhalb der Verstärkung erfolgen. Das kann zwischen der Verstärkung und dem Kopf des Abstandshalters erfolgen. Das kann auch innerhalb des Kopfes des Abstandshalters erfolgen.
• Zur thermischen Trennung innerhalb des Verstärkers besteht der Verstärker bei einem metallischen Anker ganz oder teilweise, nämlich zumindest im Berührungsbereich mit dem Anker, aus wärmeisolierendem (weil gering wärmeleitfähigem) Kunststoff und ist der Anker innerhalb der Verstärkung unterbrochen. Vorzugsweise besteht zugleich ein Abstand zwischen den Ankerenden an der Unterbrechungsstelle in der Verstärkung.
• Sofern ein Anker aus Fasern und/oder Kunststoff vorgesehen ist, der eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist und deshalb wärmeisolierend ist, kann eine thermische Trennung entbehrlich werden. Außerdem kann der Verstärker aus Metall bestehen. Der Anker kann dabei durch den Verstärker hindurch geführt werden.

As in the case of the above-described clamping processes and subsequent clamping processes, the clamping is preferably carried out with a screw connection. The anchor has an external thread and can be used for reinforcement

• - be screwed to the anchor with an internal thread. This has the advantage that thermal separation can take place within the reinforcement. The thermal separation can also take place outside the reinforcement. This can be done between the reinforcement and the head of the spacer. This can also be done inside the head of the spacer.
• For thermal separation within the amplifier, the amplifier in a metallic armature consists entirely or partially, namely at least in the area of contact with the armature, of heat-insulating (because of low thermal conductivity) plastic and the armature is interrupted within the reinforcement. At the same time, there is preferably a spacing between the anchor ends at the point of interruption in the reinforcement.
• If an anchor made of fibers and / or plastic is provided, which has a low thermal conductivity and is therefore heat-insulating, a thermal separation can be dispensed with. The amplifier can also be made of metal. The anchor can be passed through the amplifier.

For thermal separation within the head, the head is made of heat-insulating plastic and the armature can protrude into the head and a fastening means can be attached to the head at an appropriate distance for thermal separation. The fastening means is preferably a threaded rod piece of the same type as the anchor.

In the case of an anchor made of fibers and / or plastic, which has a low thermal conductivity and is therefore heat-insulating, both the thermal separation within the head and the alternative solution with the anchor ending in the head and the distance of the fastening means from the anchor end can be dispensed with. The anchor can be passed through the head. The end protruding from the head can serve as a fastener. In this case, the head itself can be made of metal.

• -oder wird die Verstärkung mit entsprechendem Spiel über den Anker geschoben die Spannung mit Hilfe einer Schraubenmutter erzeugt, die auf den mit Außengewinde versehenen Anker aufgeschraubt wird.

In the position which the anchor parts assume during thermal separation, the anchor parts are preferably secured. The same is provided in the case that the anchor is guided into the head and the fastening means is held on the head at a distance from the anchor end.
The securing can be done in different ways, for example by screwing, clamping, gluing.
Securing by clamping can be achieved by clamping the anchor part on the building wall side, gluing the reinforcement to the building wall and clamping the other anchor part to the extension or stem. Optionally, all screwed parts can also be secured with lock nuts and other securing devices.

• -or the reinforcement is pushed over the anchor with appropriate play, the tension is generated with the aid of a screw nut which is screwed onto the anchor provided with an external thread.

With the lower tension, the expansion load for the building wall is reduced. Irrespective of this, the combination of expansion dowels and adhesive bonding for anchors has advantages if the adhesive under its weight threatens to fall out of the anchor hole or even threatens to assume an undesired position. The expansion anchor then serves as an assembly aid by preventing the anchor from changing its position until the adhesive has developed sufficient strength. Falling out / flowing out can be counteracted with an adhesive which has a particularly early strength. Such adhesives are more expensive than normal adhesives and can also have other disadvantages compared to normal adhesives. Situations in which the anchors are in danger of falling out of the anchor hole can arise with the anchors hanging vertically or with anchors arranged at an incline. An undesirable change in position can occur without sufficient early strength of the adhesive, even when the anchor is arranged horizontally.
By spreading the anchor, each anchor can be given a sufficient hold in the anchor hole, which also allows glue with very low early strength to be used.
The required spreading forces are advantageously so low that even the simplest and lightest spreading mechanism is sufficient for the positioning of the anchors in the borehole.

Where a building wall has the necessary strength for an expansion anchor, an expansion anchor can remain or be used. Then it is still advantageous to reinforce the anchor rod protruding from the borehole according to the invention.
There are various poles that can be used to spread the expansion anchors. It is advantageous if the rods are profiled at the top. For example, the tip can have a screw thread and / or be conical.

There are also rods and screws that can be hammered into and clamped into the borehole without dowels. A special profile of the rods and screws can help. However, this solution has similar disadvantages as the expansion anchors. If, however, such rods are held on, reinforcement according to the invention is also advantageous here.

The relevant dowels / anchors also include injection dowels, in which adhesive is pressed over the dowel into the borehole in the building wall. The reinforcement according to the invention of the rod protruding from the borehole is also advantageous with such dowels.

The known spacers relevant here also include those in which the anchor held in the borehole has a head at the protruding end behind the facade cladding, but only shows the anchor rod between the head and the building wall.
In the application of the reinforcement from the older proposal, the anchor is then provided with a reinforcement in the area between the building wall and the head. The reinforcement can have a ring shape or sleeve shape or conical shape or a special shape. A special form, for example, is a sleeve with a collar on the building wall to create a larger contact area.

• innenwandseitig mit einem Kopf versehen, der ein Widerlager für die Verspannung des Ankers bildet

Auch bei diesem Ankersystem ist die erfindungsgemäße Verstärkung an dem aus der Gebäudeaußenwand herausragenden Ankerteil von Vorteil. Die Verstärkung erhöht nicht nur die Belastbarkeit des Ankers. Die Verstärkung erlaubt auch eine ander Art der Verspannung, nämlich eine Verspannung des Ankers an der Gebäudeinnenwand.There are also anchors that do not end in the building wall, but go through / are inserted through a building wall and

• provided on the inside wall side with a head which forms an abutment for bracing the anchor

In this anchor system too, the reinforcement according to the invention on the anchor part protruding from the outer wall of the building is advantageous. The reinforcement not only increases the load capacity of the anchor. The reinforcement also allows a different type of bracing, namely bracing the anchor on the inside wall of the building.

The reinforcement is preferably braced at least on the building wall. The reinforcement can lie loosely on the wall or be glued to the building wall. If it is loose against the wall, a flat and parallel contact surface of the building wall is advantageous. The flat and parallel contact surface can be ensured by machining the building wall.
When the reinforcement is glued to the building wall, a flat and parallel contact surface is not necessary. The adhesive creates an advantageous contact surface. The adhesive compensates for any irregularities in the contact surface. In addition, the adhesive has the advantage of direct introduction of reinforcement loads into the building wall.

The anchor is provided with an external thread for bracing between the building wall and the head. The ring-shaped or sleeve-shaped reinforcement has a corresponding internal thread.

When the reinforcement is glued to the building wall, the adhesive filled into the borehole is also used to glue the reinforcement. The amount of glue is then such that when the anchor is positioned in the borehole, sufficient glue oozes out of the borehole to enable it to be glued to the reinforcement. For simultaneous gluing in the borehole and on the building wall, it is advantageous if the anchor for mounting the reinforcement is held in the borehole with the above-described expansion means or other clamping means until the adhesive has sufficiently solidified. The clamping devices can be of the simplest nature. The simplest clamping devices can be small wedges. Since the task of the wedges can be limited to the positioning of the anchor until the adhesive has solidified, pressing the wedges by hand may be sufficient. Optionally, the wedges consist, at least on the surface, of an open-pore material with coarse pores, so that mechanical adhesion of the adhesive in the wedges is ensured and no disadvantageous displacement of the adhesive from the surface of the anchor can take place.

The positioning of the anchor can be helpful if a small recess is worked into the wall of the building for the reinforcement, into which the reinforcement can penetrate. The incorporation can be done, for example, with a pot mill, which reaches into the previously created borehole with a guide. Optionally, a simultaneous production of the borehole and the depression takes place. Then the pot mill sits on the drill.
Due to the partial penetration of the reinforcement into the building wall, the loads acting on the reinforcement can partially pass directly from the reinforcement into the building wall.

The depression can be cylindrical or conical. The contact surface of the reinforcement is then adapted to the recess in the building wall. That means cylindrical with cylindrical recess and conical with conical recess.

The reinforcement can be installed before the adhesive solidifies. For this purpose, the reinforcement can already be screwed onto the anchor, so that the reinforcement is positioned together with the anchor.

The gluing can also be done in two sections; first the anchor is glued in the borehole, then the reinforcement is glued to the building wall.
The adhesive for gluing the anchor in the borehole as well as for gluing between the building wall and the reinforcement can be applied or applied with a hand press or with one or more cartridges.
The cartridge contains a certain amount of adhesive and is destroyed by penetration of the anchor into the borehole, so that the adhesive flows between the anchor and the borehole wall. The amount of glue can be dosed well with the cartridges.
The application of the adhesive with a hand press also leads to a satisfactory dosage of the adhesive with little practice. In addition, the metering of the adhesive can be made considerably easier by using special hand presses. The special hand press is created, for example, from conventional hand presses with a housing and a toothed rod that presses on the movable piston of the cartridge and is actuated via a ratchet-like lever mechanism. By repeated actuation of the lever, the rod is pushed repeatedly into the cartridge by a distance dependent on the lever path, so that its content is gradually pushed out of the cartridge. The rod is then provided with markings / a scale, which make it possible to record the extent of the piston indentation in the cartridge when a desired filling of adhesive has been reached in a borehole. With subsequent glue filling in further boreholes, the previously determined amount of piston movement can be easily maintained again. This applies all the more if the markings / scale is provided with a consecutive numbering.

Every time it is glued, cleaning the adhesive surface on the wall of the building is advantageous, so that loose particles are removed which could impair the gluing. A strong suction can be sufficient for cleaning.

When gluing the reinforcement, adhesive cartridges can also be used between the reinforcement and the building wall to meter the amount of adhesive. The positioning of the cartridges is simplified either by attaching the cartridges to the contact surface of the building wall or by reinforcement.
Optionally, the adhesive is only applied in the form of an all-round bead with the hand press on the contact surface of the building wall or the reinforcement. The running down of the adhesive on the contact surface of the building wall or the reinforcement can be prevented with a correspondingly liquid adhesive either with a ring or sleeve. The ring / cuff is made of resilient material, preferably plastic foam, which can give way when the reinforcement is braced. Rings of coarse-pore and foam (foam part) with open pores or of coarse-mesh textile, in particular of coarse fabric, or of mat material or the like are particularly advantageous.

It is advantageous to use an annular foam part and an annular mat part between the building wall and the reinforcement. The foam part or mat part is at least partially filled with adhesive, so that the compression causes the adhesive to escape. The emerging adhesive can come into contact with both the building wall and the reinforcement and can form an adhesive connection with the building wall and / or with the amplifier.
The filling can be done with a cartridge, which is positioned in the foam part or mat part and is destroyed when the foam part or mat part is pressed together and releases the adhesive. The cartridge can be positioned just before the reinforcement is installed. The foam part or mat part can also be prepared in the factory with the cartridge. The cartridge can be made of different materials, preferably plastic. In order to ensure that the cartridge bursts / breaks when pressed together, the cartridge can be provided with a predetermined breaking point. The predetermined breaking point is preferably formed by a pre-embossed weak point in the jacket of the cartridge. Such a weak point arises, for example, with a groove in the shell of the cartridge.
The foam part or mat part can also be filled with adhesive at the factory. Premature curing of the adhesive can be prevented by encapsulating the foam part or the mat part. For example, a film is suitable for encapsulation. To use the foam part filled with glue or the mat part filled with glue, remove the film.

Also for a glue-filled foam part or mat part, a cuff can be advantageous, which encloses the foam part or mat part on the circumference. The film coating can then affect the Restrict end faces. After removing the film from the end faces, the foam part and mat part can be used immediately.

The cuff or ring optionally consists of a flexible film. The film can be easily compressed when installing the reinforcement.

During assembly, the ring-shaped foam part (ring made of foam) or the ring-shaped mat part (ring made of mat) is pushed onto the previously placed anchor and then the reinforcement is pushed onto the anchor.

The ring-shaped foam part or the ring-shaped mat part is optionally pre-assembled on the reinforcement. The pre-assembly can be done by an adhesive connection. The ring-shaped foam part or mat part lies against the reinforcement, for example. Optionally, the ring or sleeve surrounds the end of the amplifier on the building wall side. The adhesive can advantageously be pressed into the ring before the ring is assembled.

When the reinforcement is glued, excess adhesive can be pressed out of the gap between the building wall and the reinforcement. This is usually harmless. If this is still undesirable, precise dosing of the adhesive and / or the cuff will help.

The compression of foam part or mat and / or cuff is optionally limited. For this purpose, for example, a spacer can be installed in the ring-shaped foam part or ring-shaped mat part, so that the compression is limited, for example, to a maximum of 80% based on the starting thickness or to a maximum of 70% or maximum 60% or maximum 50% based on the starting thickness.

The above adhesive technology is also for the older spacers according to the PCT / EP2017 / 314 advantageous.

In order to avoid an uncontrolled pressing out of adhesive from the gap between the building wall and the reinforcement, an annular cushion with enclosed adhesive or other material can also be suitable, which solidifies, is pushed onto the anchor and is positioned between the building wall and the reinforcement. Materials with a solidifying agent that are located in a destructible cartridge are particularly suitable as the solidifying material. The cartridge is destroyed when the reinforcement is braced against the building wall, so that the desired solidification only occurs when the reinforcement is braced against the building wall.

Adhesion to the building wall and / or to the reinforcement is preferably also provided on the pillows. This can be done by applying additional adhesive. However, this can also be done by the enclosed adhesive, in which the cushion on the wall and / or reinforcement side in the cushion cover is completely or partially permeable to adhesive, so that the adhesive spreads at these contact surfaces when the cushions are compressed. This can be done with individual openings that are distributed on the contact surfaces. General permeability can also be set. This is preferably done by selecting a fabric with an appropriate mesh size. The selection can be made with just a few tests by applying different materials to a material with a similar toughness to the intended adhesive and with the appropriate pressure. If the material does not penetrate sufficiently, the test is repeated with a fabric with a larger mesh size. Conversely, the test is repeated if the material penetrates too large with a fabric with a smaller mesh size.

The pillow technology allows a much higher pressure to be applied to the adhesive layer than with the previously described foam layer or mat when bracing the reinforcement on the building wall. This can bring about considerable advantages for the setting of the adhesive.
Like the ring-shaped foam layer or ring-shaped mat, the cushion has a central opening which is adapted to the shape of the anchor and with which the cushion is pushed onto the anchor.

• -die für den Abstandshalter vorgesehene Bohrung in der Fassadendämmung um so viel größer als der Außendurchmesser der Verstärkung bemessen
• -und das Kissenvolumen so groß bemessen,

daß eine gewünschte Fußbildung an der Verstärkung durch das Kissen erfolgt. Vorzugsweise kommt eine Ausbreitung auch um 20 bis 40mm in Betracht. Bei einem Durchmesser der Verstärkung von 60 mm ergibt sich dadurch eine um 20 bis 40mm größere Bohrung in der Fassadendämmung und gebäudewandseitig ein Fuß von 80 bis 100mm Durchmesser an der Verstärkung, der zur Biegefestigkeit der Abstandshalterkonstruktion erheblich beiträgt.
Am Umfang ist das Kissen wie auch der Umfang des ringförmigen Schaumteils oder der ringförmigen Matte vorzugsweise dem Umfang der Verstärkung angepaßt. Vorzugsweise ist der Außendurchmesser des ringförmigen Kissens höchstens gleich dem Außendurchmesser der Verstärkung.
Vorzugsweise ist in dem Kissen ein Abstandshalter vorgesehen, der die maximale Zusammendrückung begrenzt. Die maximale Zusammendrückung kann 80% oder 70% oder 60% oder 50%, bezogen auf die Ausgangsdicke, sein. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Beschränkung mit Hilfe eines Abstandshalters, zum Beispiel mit einem in das Kissen eingelegten Ring mit größerem Innendurchmesser als die Durchgangsöffnung in dem Kissen, so daß der Ring im montierten Zustand des Kissens den Anker umgibt. Wahlweise kann der Ring dabei die Kissenwand an der Durchgangsöffnung bilden oder in einigem Abstand den Anker umgeben .
Die Zusammendrückung kann auch in Abhängigkeit vom Spanndruck beim Verspannen der Verstärkung erfolgen.The circumference of the pillow as well as the circumference of the annular foam part or the annular mat can be different. A small scope compared to the reinforcement is conceivable.
The scope can also be larger than the scope of the reinforcement. As long as the adhesive in the cushion or in the ring-shaped foam part or in the ring-shaped mat is still flowable, the larger cushion can even be inserted into a bore in the facade insulation that is smaller than the reinforcement. In the subsequent assembly of the reinforcement, the pillow can spread out on the building wall, provided that the facade insulation provides space for it. Preferably

• -Dimension the hole provided for the spacer in the facade insulation so much larger than the outer diameter of the reinforcement
• -and measure the pillow volume so large

that a desired foot formation occurs on the reinforcement by the pillow. A spread of 20 to 40 mm is also preferred. With a diameter of the reinforcement of 60 mm, this results in a 20 to 40 mm larger bore in the facade insulation and a foot of 80 to 100 mm in diameter on the reinforcement on the building wall, which contributes significantly to the bending strength of the spacer construction.
On the circumference, the cushion as well as the circumference of the annular foam part or the annular mat is preferably adapted to the circumference of the reinforcement. The outer diameter of the annular cushion is preferably at most equal to the outer diameter of the reinforcement.
A spacer is preferably provided in the cushion, which limits the maximum compression. The maximum compression can be 80% or 70% or 60% or 50% based on the initial thickness. The restriction is preferably carried out with the aid of a spacer, for example with a ring inserted into the cushion with a larger inner diameter than the through opening in the cushion, so that the ring surrounds the anchor when the cushion is in the assembled state. The ring can optionally form the cushion wall at the through opening or surround the anchor at some distance.
The compression can also take place depending on the clamping pressure when the reinforcement is clamped.

The pillows consist of an air-permeable but adhesive-impermeable valve. As a rule, the adhesive is much more viscous than water or similar liquids. The pillows can therefore be permeable to water but nonetheless impermeable to glue. There are various commercially available fabrics that can withstand the pressures that occur for pillows and are therefore suitable for the pillows.

The pillows and ring-shaped foam parts and ring-shaped mat parts have advantages even with a small thickness as a compensation layer and / or connection with the reinforcement. However, the thickness is preferably at least 3 mm, more preferably at least 6 mm and most preferably at least 9 mm.

The cushion technology is also for the solution according to the PCT / EP2017 / 314 advantageous.

Optionally, the reinforcement consists of several parts, for example a (first) part that forms the contact surface with the building wall and a second part facing away from the building wall. It can be advantageous if the part of the building wall that forms the contact surface with the building wall sits loosely on the anchor without screwing and if the other (second) part is screwed to the anchor. Then the loose part can be glued more easily and the bracing is then carried out with the screwed second part.

The first part of the reinforcement facing the building wall is preferably of small thickness, for example of a thickness of less than or equal to 10 mm, even more preferably of a thickness of less than or equal to 7 mm and most preferably of a thickness of less than or equal to 4 mm

In the case of the above multi-part design of the reinforcement, it can be advantageous if the first part is displaceably seated on the anchor without screwing and if the second part engages with a rim in a recess of the first part or vice versa. Then the first part of the reinforcement forms an oversized washer for the second part of the reinforcement screwed onto the anchor. Shear and bending forces that act on the second part are immediately transferred to the first part and dissipated into the building wall.

The reinforcement preferably partially fills the distance between the head of the spacer and the building wall. If the filling is incomplete, the anchor protrudes from the reinforcement. When the distance between the head and the building wall is completely filled, the reinforcement gives the anchor more stability than when the distance between the head and the building wall is partially filled, if the reinforcement has the same cross section. Nevertheless, a partial filling of the distance between the building wall and the head can be more advantageous. This can be the case if the Anchor at the end that protrudes from the side of the amplifier facing away from the building wall has sufficient strength. Then the reinforcement according to the invention can be used for different insulation layer thicknesses / facade thicknesses without the gap between a head piece or the facade outer spacer and the amplifier having to be filled. That is, without the amplifier having to extend exactly to the head of the spacer or to the outer edge of the facade. Filling in the distance seems easy, but in practice it involves a lot of effort because the head of the spacer should close with the facade or the amplifier must close with the outer surface of the facade if no head is provided. If the positioning is inaccurate, the amplifier protrudes from the facade or the amplifier lags behind the facade surface. You can see the former. The latter can interfere with the assembly of the parts to be fastened in front of the facade.

With the protruding end of the anchor, the head of the spacer can nevertheless be positioned exactly at the desired location on the end of the anchor. The same applies if no head is provided and the parts to be attached are to be attached directly to the projecting anchor end.
Installation is optionally supported with a screw nut, which is screwed onto the projecting anchor end before mounting the head. The head of the spacer is then screwed against the nut and clamped. Alternatively, the head of the spacer is first screwed onto the projecting anchor end and then secured with a lock nut.

The projecting end of the anchor end and the spacing of the spacer head from the reinforcement do not rule out that after the spacer has been installed, an open space is filled in the hole made for the spacer in the facade insulation. Common insulation material or construction foam is then used. The construction foam is preferably a polyurethane foam.

With a larger diameter, the reinforcement is preferably carried out as a hollow body. This makes handling easier and saves material. The hollow body can be in one part and in several parts. The hollow body can consist of the same material everywhere. The hollow body preferably consists of a plastic, even more preferably of a fiber-reinforced plastic. At the same time, metallic surfaces are provided at the locations of the hollow body where screwing to the anchor is to take place. Metallic screw nuts are preferably molded into the hollow body for screwing to the anchor.

Each hollow body used as reinforcement optionally consists of at least one outer jacket and at least one, preferably two lids, optionally additionally also of an inner jacket.
Optionally, the parts belonging to the hollow body are at least partially fixed or releasably connected to an outer jacket. In an advantageous embodiment, a cover is firmly connected to the outer jacket or even in one piece. Then one speaks of a closed end of the jacket. The other cover is releasably connected to the outer jacket. A screw connection is provided as a releasable connection. The lids to be screwed can enclose the outer jacket as a cap or reach into the interior of the outer jacket. Depending on the screw connection, there is then an external thread or an internal thread on the outer jacket.

If the hollow body not only has an outer jacket, but also an inner jacket, the inner jacket can also be screwed together.
Optionally, a jacket with the one cover and the other jacket with the other cover is then firmly connected or even in one piece from the inner jacket and the outer jacket, so that the reinforcement is only formed by two parts which can be screwed together. Of these two parts, at least the part with the cover which faces away from the building wall is optionally screwed onto the anchor. The other cover (on the building wall side) can also be screwed to the anchor or, in the embodiment described above, sit loosely on the anchor and be pressed against the building wall by means of a screw nut or the screwable part of the amplifier.

• -ein kurzer Anker, der mit dem einen Ende der Verstärkung verspannt wird
• -einer Verstärkung mit geringerer Wärmeleitfähigkeit als bei dem Anker
• -einem Anschlußstück, welches an einem Ende mit der Verstärkung verspannt isi und an dem anderen Ende für die Verbindung mit einer Markise oder einem anderen Teil bestimmt ist, das vor der Fassade montiert werden soll.

A thermal separation between the building wall and the parts intended for attachment to the facade is preferably carried out in the reinforcement. According to the older proposal, the PCT / EP2017 / 314 intended;

• - a short anchor that is braced with one end of the reinforcement
• -a reinforcement with lower thermal conductivity than the anchor
• -a connector, which is braced at one end with the reinforcement and at the other end is intended for connection to an awning or another part to be installed in front of the facade.

Various plastics are suitable for reinforcement with lower thermal conductivity. A technical plastic with a yield stress of at least 50 MPa is preferably selected, even more preferably with a yield stress of at least 75 MPa and most preferably with a yield stress of at least 100 MPa. The plastics that can be selected include, for example, PA, PEEK, PES, PAI.

But plastics with a lower yield stress can also be suitable as reinforcement according to the invention if they are provided with fiber reinforcement. Common fibers are glass fibers or fibers of plastics with higher yield stress.

The reinforcement can (apart from the necessary holes for anchors and connectors) be solid and be provided at both ends with a blind hole that has an internal thread. The thermal separation takes place by using plastic for the amplifier. The plastic inhibits the flow of heat from the connector to the anchor and vice versa. High-strength plastic described above or a fiber-reinforced plastic is preferably used.

An embodiment with thermal separation provides a cylindrical body made of plastic, which can be screwed into a hollow cylinder made of plastic. The cylindrical body is closed at the end facing away from the hollow cylinder. The hollow cylinder is closed at the end facing away from the cylindrical body. There are screw holes in both ends so that the cylindrical body can be braced against the building wall and the hollow cylinder can be braced with the awning or other part to be mounted on the facade. Or vice versa, the hollow body is braced with the building wall and the cylindrical body with the awning or the other part to be mounted on the facade.

• Torx, Innen-Vielzahn, Außen-Vielzahn, Pentalob, Bristol

Der Schraubschlüssel ist der Griff-Fläche am Abstandshalterteil angepaßt, zum Beispiel im Falle

• der Torx-Außenfläche eine Torx-Innenfläche am Schraubschlüssel der Innen-Vielzahnfläche eine Außen-Vielzahnfläche am Schraubschlüssel der Pentalob Außenfläche eine Pentalob-Innenflläche am Schraubschlüssel der Bristol-Außenfläche eine Bristol-Innenfläche

Die Einzelheiten zu den beschriebenen Griff-Flächen sind zum Beispiel in Wikipedia unter dem Begriff „Schraube“ aufgelistet.
Es kann auch umgekehrt sein, indem an dem bzw. in dem Abstandshalterteil die Fläche vorgesehen ist, die vorstehend dem Schraubschlüssel zugedacht ist. Dann hat der Schraubschlüssel die Fläche, die vorstehend in dem bzw. an dem Abstandshalterteil vorgesehen ist, und das Abstandshalterteil die Fläche, die vorstehend am Schraubschlüssel vorgesehen ist.
Schraubschlüssel werden von Hand bewegt. Besser sind elektrische oder pneumatisch betriebene Schrauber mit entsprechenden Griff-Flächen bzw. Spitzen. Vorzugsweise werden Schrauber mit einstellbarem Drehmoment zur Anwendung gebracht, so daß ein Ausreißen der Anker aus der Gebäudewand durch ein übermäßiges Drehmoment beim Schrauben ausgeschlossen ist.The bracing with the building wall takes place via the anchor, which expediently does not protrude much further out of the borehole than is required for the screw connection.
What is required for projecting depends on the screw connection. A screw connection with a screw nut, which protrudes through the bottom / cover of the spacer part on the building wall side, is particularly inexpensive, so that the screw nut can be screwed onto the projecting end and can press the relevant spacer part against the building wall. The nut is preferably a hex nut. The associated wrench then has a hexagon socket.
More complex screw connections can also be provided. This is the case, for example, if the spacer part on the armature side has a blind hole designed as a threaded hole.
Then a handle surface for a wrench is preferably provided on the surface of the spacer part opposite the blind hole. To brace the spacer part on the building wall side, a grip surface for a wrench is then, for example, formed centrally in its surface. Alternatively, a handle surface for a wrench is molded onto the surface.
The molded surface can be a hexagon or square. Likewise, the molded surface can be a hexagon or a square. Handle surfaces are also possible, in particular surfaces according to:

• Torx, internal multi-tooth, external multi-tooth, pentalob, Bristol

The wrench is adapted to the handle surface on the spacer part, for example in the case

• the Torx outer surface an Torx inner surface on the wrench of the inner multi-tooth surface an outer multi-tooth surface on the wrench of the Pentalob outer surface a pentalob inner surface on the wrench of the Bristol outer surface a Bristol inner surface

The details of the described grip surfaces are listed, for example, in Wikipedia under the term "screw".
It can also be reversed by providing the surface on or in the spacer part that is intended for the wrench above. Then the wrench has the surface that is provided above in the spacer part and the spacer part has the surface that is provided on the wrench.
Wrenches are moved by hand. It is better to use electric or pneumatically operated screwdrivers with appropriate grip surfaces or tips. Screwdrivers with adjustable torque are preferably used so that the armature cannot be torn out of the building wall by excessive torque when screwing.

A cross recess can also be incorporated centrally in the spacer part on the building wall, into which a screwdriver with a corresponding tip engages.

In the described embodiment, the second spacer part is screwed onto or into the first spacer part after it has been clamped. This can be done by hand as long as you can screw without substantial torque.
The subsequent bracing with the awning or the other part to be mounted in front of the facade is preferably carried out via a threaded rod piece as a connecting piece / connecting part, which engages in a corresponding opening in the second spacer part or is already pre-assembled in the second spacer part, optionally formed. A threaded hole is then optionally provided in the second spacer part for this threaded rod piece. As in the case of the first spacer part, the threaded hole can be formed by the spacer part or by a molded-in screw nut. The threaded rod screwed into the threaded hole is preferably secured by a lock nut.
The lock nut can also be advantageous for a second spacer part with a pre-assembled threaded rod piece.

Another version of the thermal separation also provides a two-part spacer. The spacer part on the building wall side is formed by a circular disk which is externally threaded. A spacer part cooperates with the washer, which is designed as a hollow cylinder and is provided with an internal thread for screwing to the washer.
The washer is centrally provided with a molded thread or with a molded screw nut with which it can be screwed onto an anchor and clamped against the building wall. The disc can also sit loosely on the anchor and be tightened against the building wall with a screw nut.

Instead of the central anchor, several smaller anchors can also be provided at a distance from the center of the pane. In this case, through holes are provided for the various anchors in the disk. At the same time, instead of the one borehole for the central anchor, a corresponding number of boreholes are provided for the anchors spaced from the center of the pane in the building wall. These anchors can have a thread on the end protruding through the washer for screwing with a screw nut. The anchors can also be screws, in particular cap screws which are set by hand or with a screwdriver.

The hollow cylinder is formed like the hollow cylinder described in the above embodiment. It has a closed end with a molded thread or screw nut. The closed end can also have a molded-in threaded rod piece or have a through opening for the threaded rod piece, the threaded rod piece being held in the closed end by screw nuts.
The threaded rod piece is used to connect to the part to be installed in front of the facade, for example an awning.

In all applications, a bolt can be used instead of the threaded rod located in a through hole. The bolt is then optionally provided with a thread only at both protruding ends, so that a screw nut can be screwed onto the bolt at its end for fastening it. The bolt is preferably also provided with a collar, so that a screw nut is sufficient for fastening / bracing the bolt in the closed hollow cylinder end. The closed hollow cylinder end is clamped between the nut and the collar of the threaded rod section. The bolt is even more preferably stepped in diameter or provided with a shoulder. The heel acts like a step and allows the closed threaded rod piece to be braced with a screw nut.
Instead of the threaded rod piece, cap screws can also be used, which extend through the closed end of the hollow cylinder and form the connection for the parts to be fastened in front of the facade.

Another advantageous embodiment with thermal separation provides a solid cylindrical body made of plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced plastic, which can be screwed into a hollow cylinder. The screw-in cylindrical body has an outer collar and is preferably arranged on the building wall side. The cylindrical hollow body has an inner collar with a central opening that forms a threaded hole. A threaded nut made of steel molded into the cylindrical hollow body can also form the threaded bore. All screw nuts and threaded rods mentioned here are preferably made of steel.

A threaded rod piece is preferably screwed into the threaded bore as a connection piece for parts to be fastened to the outside of the facade, such as, for example, awnings.
The bracing with the building wall takes place on the outer collar. For this purpose, for example, evenly distributed bores are provided in the collar. The bores in the collar correspond to boreholes in the building wall, so that the bracing can take place through the boreholes in the collar.
The wall thickness of the cylindrical hollow body is so large that the outer collar overlaps the screw-in body and bores can be drilled in the jacket of the cylindrical hollow body, which are aligned with the bores in the outer collar in a corresponding rotational position. If the anchors are inserted through the aligned holes in the cylindrical hollow body and the outer collar into the drill holes in the building wall, not only does the spacer on the building wall be clamped as desired, but also the locking of the cylindrical hollow body on the screw-in cylindrical body takes place.

The anchors can be formed by an expansion dowel and suitable screws, which are screwed into the expansion dowels and thereby cause tension in the drill holes.
Optionally, the anchors can also be glued in the drill holes. For this purpose, adhesive cartridges can be used, which are pressed into the drill holes. Or glue can be pressed into the borehole with a hand press in the form described above.

The hollow bodies described above are also suitable for thermal separation. Preferably, two parts that can be screwed into one another are provided, which consist of lids and outer shells. An outer jacket belongs to each lid. One outer jacket has an external thread and a smaller diameter than the other outer jacket, which in turn is provided with an internal thread.
This amplifier first assembles the (first) part on the building wall and then the other (second) part is screwed to the already installed (first) part. In the other (second) part, the connection piece / threaded piece for the connection to an awning to be fastened in front of the facade, etc. is already preassembled.

The connector is preferably a threaded rod piece. The threaded rod piece can be screwed to the amplifier in the same way as the anchor. At the same time, the threaded rod piece is very advantageous for connecting to awnings and other parts that are to be mounted on the outside of the facade.
The threaded rod piece preferably has a diameter which is at least equal to the diameter of the armature. This allows the connection piece to protrude in the manner described above. When protruding, the connector in the protruding part is not supported by the reinforcement. The advantages of the protrusion are described above.

The size of the protrusion can be increased if a diameter is chosen for the threaded rod forming the connecting piece, which is larger than the anchor diameter of the anchor.
This refers to the use of a centrally located anchor.

Instead of the central anchor, several anchors can also be used, which are arranged at a distance from the center of the spacer. This is also within the framework of the older proposal after the PCT / EP2017 / 314 . The distances to the center of the spacer can be the same or different. The anchors can lie on a circle or on the corners or lines of geometric figures.

The use of multiple anchors allows the use of anchors with a smaller anchor diameter than with a single, centrally arranged anchor.
In the case of the above application of a plurality of eccentrically arranged anchors, a cross-section is provided for the threaded rod which forms the connecting piece, the cross-sectional area of which is at least equal to the buzzer of the cross-sectional areas of all anchors (reaching into boreholes). The cross-sectional area is preferably the threaded rod forming the connecting piece is at least 1.3 times, even more preferably at least 1.5 times and most preferably at least 1.7 times the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all eccentrically arranged anchors.
On the other hand, with the large number of eccentrically arranged anchors for connection to the building wall, there is the possibility of a cross-sectional reduction for each of the anchors. The reduction can go so far that standard screws are suitable as anchors, even together with an expansion anchor. Screws with a diameter greater than or equal to 5 mm are then preferably used, even more preferably with a diameter greater than or equal to 6 mm. The length of the screws is according to the invention in relation to their diameter. The length is preferably at least 10 times the diameter, more preferably at least 15 times the diameter and most preferably at least 20 times the diameter.
The countersunk screws are particularly common among such screws, even in various qualities, including screws made of rust-inhibiting material or with a rust-inhibiting coating. Most of the countersunk screws have a cross slot, so that a screw driver or a screwdriver with a cross point is required to set the screws. If necessary, the screwdrivers and screwdrivers must be provided with an extension. A necessary extension on a screwdriver or screwdriver can be done by separating the screwdriver between the tip and the handle or by separating the screwdriver tip and tool holder in a screwdriver and by welding an intermediate piece.
Countersunk screws have a conical head. The opening in the spacer for the screw head must be correspondingly conical. This can cause problems with inaccurate holes in the building wall. The accuracy of the holes can, however, be significantly increased with the help of drilling templates and with the help of drill stands, which are placed on the building wall and guide the drill during drilling.

In the case of thermally separated spacers, a screw can also be used as a central anchor instead of a threaded rod for bracing with the building wall. Sufficiently thick and long screws with a metric thread and hexagon head are partially available.
If such screws are not available, such screws can be made from a threaded rod and a hexagonal profile. The appropriate lengths for each borehole are sawn off the threaded rod. For the screw heads, corresponding pieces are sawn off the hexagonal profile. The threaded rod parts and the pieces cut off from the hexagonal profile can then be welded together.
The metric thread gives the screws sufficient hold in the borehole when they are glued. When using an expansion anchor, it may be advisable to drill holes with a slightly larger diameter to take into account that the expansion process with a screw with a metric thread is different than the expansion of expansion anchors with dedicated screws that have a long tip and whose threads have a much larger pitch than a metric thread.

In the drawing, an embodiment of the older spacer in 1 to 32 shown. The 33 to 43 show the application of the older proposal to known spacers.

1 shows a building wall 1 with thermal insulation 2nd .
Before thermal insulation 2nd a canopy, not shown, is to be installed. For this, a fastening for the canopy must be made through the thermal insulation 2nd can be anchored in the building wall from rigid foam.
For anchoring, use a hammer drill 4th and a drill 3rd Holes 5 at a predetermined point through the thermal insulation 3rd through into the building wall 1 drilled.

To 2nd the next step is a drill bit 10th used.
With the drill bit, this is done 1 in thermal insulation 2nd created hole up to the building wall 1 bored out. The drill bit takes 10th the cut out parts of the thermal insulation. The drill bit 10th has a sleeve, the open front end of which is designed as a cutting edge. The sleeve 10th is held on a rod at one end in the chuck of the hammer drill 4th sits and reaches into the borehole at the other end and forms a guide.

3rd shows the drill bit 10th in a single view.
Here is the sleeve 10th provided with markings that make it easier for the fitter to maintain a drilling depth that is the same as the thickness of the thermal insulation but does not go beyond this.

The hammer drill 4th is for drilling the hole in the thermal insulation 2nd convertible to drilling alone without hammering at the same time.

4th shows the next step in cleaning the borehole 5 he follows. This is done using a probe 16 with an air pump 15 . With the air pump 15 is about the probe 16 Air into the borehole 5 blown.

5 becomes the borehole 5 filled with a two-component adhesive. The two-component adhesive is transferred from a cartridge into the borehole using a conventional hand press 5 pressed.

To 6 after filling the two-component adhesive into the borehole 5 a threaded rod 25th used. For inserting finds 7 a guide rod 27 Application. With the guide rod 27 can the threaded rod 25th be recorded at the end. This is done before inserting the threaded rod into the borehole 5 . A screw connection can take place. This is in the guide rod 27 a corresponding threaded hole is provided. A hole without an internal thread, in which the threaded rod is, can also be sufficient 25th finds sufficient hold at the end.
The threaded rod 25th is guided in the borehole at one end when inserted.
A cone can be mounted on the guide rod for guidance.
The guide rod is centered in the borehole of the thermal insulation with the cone. After the cone on the guide rod has been correctly adjusted, the cone prevents the threaded rod from being pushed too deep into the borehole.

The guide remains in place until the adhesive has solidified in the borehole. Then the guide rod 27 from the threaded rod 25th unscrewed or removed.

In other exemplary embodiments, other threaded rods with a larger diameter are provided for larger loads.

Depending on the amount of adhesive, the threaded rod penetrates 25th into the glue from the borehole, which contaminates the contact surface of the spacer on the building wall. In addition, the contact surface can be uneven.
Therefore, this contact surface is leveled out 8th intended. This is done with the help of an end mill 35 . The end mill 35 has one in 9 shown cylindrical shape, the end face 34 is provided with appropriate cutting edges. In addition, the end mill has 35 a hole in the center of the face 37 with a diameter that allows the end mill 35 over the end of the threaded rod protruding from the borehole 25th to push. The end mill 35 has a pin 38 that in the chuck of the hammer drill 4th sits. The hammer drill 4th is switched back to drilling alone for this work.

The end mill 35 persists 10th and 11 from a holder 36 and a replaceable cutting insert 39 . The insert shown is for a threaded rod M12 certainly. In order to be able to be pushed over the threaded rod, the insert has a central hole with a diameter of 13mm. When using other threaded rods, hole diameters of 17mm, 21mm, 28mm, 28mm, 31mm can be useful.

After machining the contact surface on the building wall, a spacer part on the building side becomes 40 in the form of a peg with a collar on the building wall on the end of the threaded rod 25th screwed, which protrudes from the borehole. The screwing process continues until the spacer part 40 with the collar on the milled surface of the building wall. A slight further rotary movement leads to a tensioning of the spacer part 40 on the building wall.
For screwing is in the spacer part 40 a continuous cylindrical opening extending in the longitudinal direction is provided.
At the end of the opening on the building side, there is an edge / collar with an inside diameter that is larger than the outside diameter of the threaded rod 25th is so that the spacer part 40 on the end of the threaded rod protruding from the borehole 25th screw on until an insert in the opening of the spacer part 40 on the protruding end of the threaded rod 25th bumps. That happens after 12th with a socket wrench 41 . The socket wrench 41 is turned with a ratchet. This happens step by step because the ratchet is moved back and forth. By turning the socket wrench 41 the insert is turned and onto the protruding end of the threaded rod 25th screwed until the spacer part 40 is clamped to the wall of the building.

The deployment opening 42 for the socket wrench is in 13 shown.
The opening width is larger than the diameter of the associated threaded rod so that the socket seat does not hinder the screwing of the spacer part onto the threaded rod.

The spacer part 40 has an external thread. The length of the spacer part is after 15 and 16 depending on the embodiment.

With the spacer part 40 corresponds to 17th and 18th another spacer part 50 in the form of a tube closed to the outside of the thermal insulation, which with the spacer part 40 forms an adjustable spacer. The spacer part sits for this 50 with an internal thread on the spacer part 50 . The thread is a fine thread. By changing the screw position, the spacer is lengthened or shortened.
The spacer part is for screwing 50 also an opening / seat for the socket wrench 41 .

In addition, the spacer part 40 can be combined with other longer or shorter spacer parts. The longer or shorter spacer parts differ from the spacer part in the exemplary embodiment 50 through longer or shorter pipes.

The spacer is set in the exemplary embodiments so that its head is flush with the thermal insulation and protrudes the threaded rod or a threaded rod piece.

The 19th and 20th show two spacers according to the invention, in which the cavity for thermal insulation with soft plastic foam 62 respectively. 63 is filled out.

So much for a cap 60 with a central opening for the threaded pin 51 The spacer is adjusted so that the cap sitting on the head of the spacer 60 ends flush with the thermal insulation. An edge with a seal on the cap is also provided, with which the thermal insulation is overlapped. The situation is in 21 shown.

46 shows a spacer with an amplifier 320 .
To the in 19th and 20th The cavity filling shown and described is a cylindrical cavity filling 321 provided from soft foam. In contrast to the exemplary embodiments according to 19th and 20th the soft foam filling protrudes 46 opposite the top edge of the thermal insulation. The soft foam filling has the advantage that no exact adaptation to the cavity is required. When displaced and compressed, the soft foam largely adapts to all contours of the cavity between the spacer and the surrounding thermal insulation. Small remaining voids are harmless. Preferably the remaining cavities are less than 20% of the original cavity, more preferably less than 10% of the original cavity and most preferably less than 5% of the original cavity.

In further exemplary embodiments, the soft foam filling is produced from a foam sheet. A blank is made from a film web and assembled into a cylindrical shape. The ends of the blank can lie loosely against one another when they are joined or can be firmly connected to one another. A firm connection can be made by welding or gluing.

47 shows that the soft foam filling can be compressed and displaced if a cylindrical cap 325 the spacer over the amplifier 320 is screwed. The cap 325 is provided with an internal thread in the cylindrical part, while the amplifier 320 has a corresponding external thread. The screwing is done until a plate 326 the cap 325 with the facade surface.
This situation is in 48 shown.
The cap 325 consists of heat-insulating plastic in the embodiment. This will form the cap 325 together with the amplifier made of plastic 320 thermal separation in the spacer. In the cap 325 is a threaded rod piece 327 held, which forms a fastening for a canopy.

49 shows an additional lid 330 to cover the cap 325 . The lid 330 has a layer of hard rubber with which the lid 330 the thermal insulation overlaps. In addition, the lid has 330 an annular sealing lip made of soft rubber, with which the lid 330 between the thermal insulation and the cap 325 takes hold.
In other embodiments, the cover is made 330 at least partially made of metal.
If there is no space between the spacer and the surrounding thermal insulation for the cover or for its sealing lip, a sufficient space is cut freely. It is advantageous if a knife is guided on the threaded rod that projects from the spacer when cutting free.

In other exemplary embodiments, covers are provided which surround the protruding threaded rod with a bulge in order to prevent injury to the threaded rod until the canopy or other attachments have been fastened.

The spacer part has a threaded pin on the head 51 .

23 shows in a further embodiment of the invention a building wall 70 with thermal insulation installed in front of it 72 . For attaching an awning before thermal insulation 72 is a hole 71 through thermal insulation 72 through into the building wall 70 been introduced. In the hole 71 is a threaded rod 73 glued. The threaded rod 73 extends far into thermal insulation 72 , but ends in front of the outside of the thermal insulation 72 .
The hole 71 is made to measure in thermal insulation 77 been bored out. There is a tapered reinforcement in the resulting larger hole 74 screwed from a high-strength plastic. To do this has the reinforcement 74 a continuous threaded hole in the longitudinal direction. The reinforcement 74 has a diameter on the building wall side that is about 5 times the diameter of the threaded rod 73 is. The reinforcement 74 tapers to the outside of the thermal insulation. The reinforcement 74 is by turning on the threaded rod 73 clamped against the wall of the building.
At the end of the threaded rod 73 sits a molded part 75 made of high-strength plastic on the threaded rod 73 . The associated threaded hole in the molded part 75 is designed as a slot, so that the molded part 75 can be screwed onto the threaded rod end with tension.
The molding 75 is used for the thermal decoupling of the threaded rod. There is a head piece for this 76 has been separated from the threaded rod and screwed into a threaded hole which is also designed as a blind hole, which corresponds to the previously described blind hole in the molded part 75 is exactly opposite.
The plate shown on the outside of the thermal insulation 78 is a facade panel that is used to make the hole 77 and the conical reinforcement has been removed and after the finished assembly of the spacer has been brought back to the original place before the housing of the awning, not shown, on the head 76 the threaded rod is attached.

24th shows two further embodiments of the invention one above the other on a building wall 80 and with thermal insulation 81 . The upper embodiment has a continuous threaded rod 82 that are in a hole in the building wall 80 is glued in and through the thermal insulation 81 extends and on the outside opposite the thermal insulation 81 protrudes. The hole for gluing the threaded rod 82 is like in the embodiment 23 through thermal insulation 81 through into the building wall 80 has been brought. The hole was then drilled out. Then there is reinforcement 83 on the threaded rod 81 and against the building wall 81 been screwed. This differs from the exemplary embodiment 23 through a cylindrical shape of reinforcement 83 . Besides, are different from after 23 more cylindrical bodies on the threaded rod 82 been screwed. Here is the outside cylindrical body 83 with the reinforcement 83 identical. The other cylindrical bodies 84 , 85 and 89 form intermediate pieces between the reinforcement 83 and the outside body 83 . The desired lengths for the amplifiers can be achieved with the intermediate pieces. All additional cylindrical bodies are braced against each other and against the reinforcement, glued together in another embodiment. This increases the reinforcement of the threaded rod.
The protruding end of the threaded rod 82 is used in the embodiment of the attachment of an escape staircase outside the building.
The intermediate pieces and the outside cylindrical body allow adaptation to the thickness of the existing thermal insulation. This is done by exchanging them for other cylindrical bodies. The cylindrical body of the reinforcement on the building wall side can also be included in the exchange. If the total thickness of all cylindrical bodies changes, the length of the threaded rod can also be changed by changing it. This means that it is not necessary to first mount a threaded rod that is too short or too long and then replace it. Rather, a threaded rod is immediately selected with a length which, given the desired total thickness of all cylindrical bodies, still protrudes from the thermal insulation by a sufficient dimension for fastening the functional part.

The lower embodiment of 24th differs from the embodiment by a three-part threaded rod, which consists of pieces 87 , 90 and 91 is put together. Between various pieces are provided for thermal end coupling. There is another cylindrical reinforcement 88 and an identical cylindrical body 88 outside application. The reinforcement 88 owns like the part 75 to 23 two threaded blind holes. The same applies to the external body 88 in 24th . The reinforcement on the building wall side 88 is with that from the building wall 80 protruding end of the threaded rod 87 screwed tight. In addition, the threaded rod 90 firmly in the associated threaded blind hole of the building wall-side amplifier 88 screwed in. On the threaded rod 90 are the cylindrical spacers 86 screwed or glued in the same way as the intermediate pieces of the exemplary embodiment shown above. The one to the amplifier 88 identical cylindrical bodies arranged on the outside 88 corresponds to the threaded rod accordingly 90 and the threaded rod 91 . Also the construction according to 24th causes an increase in the reinforcement for the threaded rod. The construction also allows 24th an adaptation of the total thickness to the thickness of the existing thermal insulation. The same applies to the threaded rod. The replacement can be based on one part or two parts of the 24th limit the three-part threaded rod provided.

To 25th is in a further embodiment of the invention on the same building wall 80 the same part 87 glued in a threaded rod. On the threaded rod / threaded rod piece 87 however, is a pipe 95 attached, the building wall side a closed end 96 having. The end 96 is with a nut 99 against the building wall 80 curious; excited.
The tube / sleeve 95 is open at the opposite end with an internal thread, so that a second tube / sleeve 97 into the open end of the tube / sleeve 95 can be screwed. The second tube / sleeve 97 has a correspondingly smaller outer diameter than the first tube / sleeve 95 and an external thread for the screw connection. In that area 101 tubes / sleeve overlap 95 and 97 .
The tube / sleeve 97 is open on the building wall side. The other end 100 is closed.
In the end 100 is a threaded rod piece 91 attached to the threaded rod piece 91 to 24th corresponds. The threaded rod piece 91 to 25th sits in a threaded hole of the closed end 100 and is secured with a screw nut.
The tube / sleeve 97 can in the tube / sleeve 95 further screwed in or out of the tube / sleeve 95 partially screwed back. This changes the length of the pipe / sleeve through both 95 and 97 formed spacer. The change in length serves to adapt to the thickness of the respective thermal insulation.

So that the enclosed air inside the tubes / sleeves does not make the length change difficult, are in the closed end 100 two ventilation holes are provided.
The tubes / sleeves screwed into each other can be made to the required length by bracing the tube / sleeve 95 on the building wall and by the connection with the functional part, not shown, in the selected screw position. The non-rotatable arrangement of the functional parts results from a simultaneous connection with another spacer. If the functional part does not provide a sufficient, non-rotatable connection or if the screw position is to be secured before the functional parts are fastened, the thread or the tube / sleeve must be blocked 97 intended. This can be achieved in a simple form with an adhesive or with pens or the like, which are in the area 101 be driven through openings in both tubes / sleeves.
The construction after 25th allows the production of a spacer with less material but the same resilience as with a training after 23 or 24th or with the same use of materials with higher resilience than with training after 23 and 24th .

A reinforced spacer according to the invention can also according to 53 through a single tube / sleeve 360 be formed. The tube / sleeve 360 consists of plastic and is closed with an end wall on the building wall side and provided with a through hole in the center. The through hole is intended for the passage of a threaded rod / anchor. The tube / sleeve is at the end of the anchor / rod 360 clamped against the building wall with a screw nut. The bearing surface of the building wall is suitable in order to allow the spacer to be adequately positioned without machining.
The length of the tube / sleeve 360 is dimensioned so that the tube / sleeve 360 closes with the facade outer wall.
The end of the tube / sleeve facing away from the building wall 360 is provided with an internal thread, so that a cover 361 plastic in the end of the tube / sleeve 360 can be screwed in. The lid 361 is provided with an external thread.
In the lid 361 is a threaded bolt 362 intended for attachment. Through the plastic lid 361 and the plastic tube / sleeve 360 the heat flow from the building wall to the outside of the facade is inhibited. This is called thermal separation.

In other exemplary embodiments, the contact surface on the building wall is prepared by milling for the bracing of the spacer.

In still other embodiments, an adhesive pad is provided between the spacer and the building wall.

The adhesive pads have a thickness that is preferably less than 20mm, more preferably less than 10mm and most preferably less than 5mm.

In a further embodiment, not shown, is instead of the tube / sleeve 95 a cylindrical body is provided as a reinforcement on the building wall, which, like the tube / sleeve 95 is held in the building wall with a threaded rod piece. This cylindrical body is externally threaded so that an internally threaded tube / sleeve can be screwed onto the cylindrical body. The screwable tube / sleeve has the same features as the tube / sleeve with regard to the closed end and a threaded rod piece seated in the closed end 97 in 25th .

In a further exemplary embodiment, a pin is provided instead of the cylindrical body with an external thread described above. The pin also has a cylindrical body. However, this body is provided with a collar on the building wall side. In 26 a series of three amplifiers with pins is shown. The length of the cones 105.1 , 105.2 and 105.3 is different. The thickness of the collar 106.1 , 106.2 and 106.3 is different. The diameters are the collar and the cylindrical body is the same. Likewise, all pins have a through hole with an internal thread. At the end facing away from the collar are the pins with a hexagon 108 Mistake. The hexagon is used to mount the pin. The pin on the hexagon 108 captured with a tube / sleeve, the front opening is modeled on the hexagon. With the pipe / sleeve, the pin on the threaded rod is rotated / screwed until it lies against the building wall. A further slight turn then causes the pin to be braced against the wall of the building. During turning / screwing, the tube / sleeve moves a short distance over the threaded rod.
The longer the pins are, the greater the support effect for the associated threaded rods.
The pins are preferably for M12 Threaded rods or corresponding anchors are provided with the following lengths and collar thicknesses according to the thicknesses of the thermal insulation Length in mm : 55, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170, 190, 210 Collar thickness in mm: 8, 10, 10, 10, 15, 30, 30, 40, 40

Furthermore, up to a pin length of 90mm, the outer surface of the pin merges into the collar at approximately a right angle.
With larger spigot lengths, such large bending loads can result in the spigot that a rounding with a large radius as a transition and / or an oblique transition from the outer surface of the spigot into the collar is advantageous.

The pins do not only have to cooperate with pipes that have a closed end like the embodiment according to 25th have a threaded rod piece inside.
The pins can also interact with open tubes / sleeves with an internal thread, which are screwed onto the pins like closed tubes / sleeves. Such tubes / sleeves can have different lengths.
Are preferably for M12 Threaded rods or corresponding anchors assigned the following tube lengths / sleeve lengths to the tenon lengths: Pin length in mm: 55, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170, 190, 210 Pipe length in mm: 75, 85, 105, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120

Other lengths can result for other threaded rods.

In a further variant are after 44 instead of the amplifier after 15 , 16 , 26 amplifier 310 intended. The amplifier 310 has two blind holes instead of a through hole 311 and 314 who are cursing with each other. In the blind hole on the building wall 314 is a threaded rod piece 312 glued in. The threaded rod piece 312 is part of a two-part anchor. The other part of the anchor is a threaded sleeve 318 . The threaded sleeve 318 is in the borehole 313 the building wall glued.

The amplifier 310 can with the threaded rod piece 312 be prepared and screwed into the building wall and braced against the building wall. Then a threaded rod is in the blind hole 311 screwed. On those in the blind hole 311 a threaded cover is screwed onto a cover (not shown). It penetrates the blind hole 311 the threaded rod sits on the cover and the outwardly protruding end forms the fastener for a canopy on the front of the building.

In 27 are pipes 110.1 , 110.2 , 110.3 shown with pipe lengths of 75, 85, 105mm. In the exemplary embodiment, all tubes are provided with an internal thread throughout.
By screwing in or screwing back differently as in the exemplary embodiment 25th the spacer length is adapted to the thickness of the thermal insulation.

To find a solution similar to that of the outside pipe 25th to create the pipes after 28 closed on the outside with additional pins. The other pins are made up of a cylindrical body 115 with external teeth and a collar 116 together. The length of the pin is the same for all spacers in the exemplary embodiment. In other embodiments, the length can vary.
There is a blind hole in the center of the pin 119 with internal thread for a threaded rod piece. There is also a recess in the pin on the collar side 118 worked into the end face, the depression can be described as an annular groove, the inner wall of which is regularly distributed over six faces to form a hexagon 117 has been flattened. In contrast to the peg on the building wall with the hexagon attached 108 is an equal hexagon 117 in the face of the pin 28 arranged sunk. The hexagon 117 can be done with the same tool as the hexagon 108 grasp and screw / turn into the pipe end.
Subsequently, as in the exemplary embodiment 25th a threaded rod piece inserted, in the blind hole 119 for connection to the functional part to be fastened.

29 shows the interaction of the tenon on the building wall side 120 with the pipe 124 and the outside pin in two superimposed representations. The two pins are in the upper illustration 120 and 121 so far into the tube 124 screwed that they lie against each other. This results in a dimension of 245 mm for the spacer.
The two pins are in the illustration below 120 and 121 screwed apart so far that a spacer dimension of 275 mm has been created.
The lower illustration shows that the pin 121 his position in the pipe 124 has held. For this purpose, the screw connection between the pin is in the exemplary embodiment 121 and the pipe 124 blocked.
The cone 120 forms a spacer part.
The cone 121 forms a spacer part.
The pipe 124 forms another spacer part. The
Spigots can also be viewed as cylindrical parts or as pipes.
The cones 120 and 121 can with the pipe 124 are screwed and then form the spacer according to the invention. The screw connection allows the spacer length to be adjusted.
The sleeve remains during the adjustment 124 on the spigot 121 unchanged.
In the exemplary embodiment, this is done by gluing the sleeve 124 on the spigot 121 reached.

58 ties in with the 30th shown spacers.

The cone 120 corresponds to the spacer part 417 . In the spacer part 417 is a threaded rod 418 screwed into an anchor hole in the building wall 410 is glued.
The spacer part also has 417 an external thread on its cylindrical body / pin.
Both spacer parts 413 and 417 consist of heat-insulating plastic.

The cone 121 corresponds to the spacer part 413 . The spacer part 413 has a pot shape. The circumference is like the spacer part 417 an external thread is provided. Both threads have the same diameter.
The cavity of the spacer part 413 is filled with an adhesive mass, which is a pin / threaded rod piece 415 encloses. This threaded rod piece 415 serves in the embodiment as a fastener for a canopy on a building. The cavity of the spacer part 413 is with a lid 414 locked. On the lid 414 are two diametrically opposed blind holes for one Socket wrench provided. In the embodiment, the sleeve 416 first with the spacer part 413 pre-assembled. The sleeve is on the external thread of the spacer part 413 screwed and secured in the screw position by adhesive.

Both spacer parts 413 and 417 are spaced from each other so that the cover with a layer of plaster 412 the facade closes.
Between the building wall 410 and the plaster layer 412 is thermal insulation 419 intended.
The plaster layer is used to mount the spacer 412 and thermal insulation 419 have been provided with a mounting hole for the spacer. There is also a hole for the anchor 418 into the building wall 410 been drilled.
The anchor 418 was then glued into the borehole.
After the adhesive is sufficiently strong, the spacer part 417 on the anchor 418 screwed and clamped against the building wall.
This is followed by the screw connection of the other spacer part 413 with the sleeve 416 on the spacer part 417 .
At the distance shown between the two spacer parts 413 and 419 overlaps a sleeve 416 both spacer parts. The sleeve 416 is during assembly

In another embodiment is instead of the anchor 418 an expansion anchor is provided. The expansion anchor holds in the borehole by spreading. The safety of the expansion anchors is limited. It is therefore an advantage to additionally glue the expansion anchors in the borehole.

The cavity between the spacer and the thermal insulation is filled with soft plastic foam.

59 differs from the exemplary embodiment 58 through an anchor 420 instead of the anchor 418 . The anchor 420 reaches through the building wall and reaches behind the building wall with a collar.

22 differs from the exemplary embodiment 58 in that instead of a stone or concrete wall, a steel structure supports the facade. From the steel structure is a steel girder 430 shown. Instead of the other anchor described, there is a screw 431 sufficient to attach the spacer. The screw 431 sits in the threaded hole in the anchor 418 to 58 sits.

31 differs from the other embodiments by a self-tapping screw 440 which, due to their nature, can cut into borehole walls of concrete walls and masonry walls and only find considerable support as a result, but which can be increased by additional gluing.

The 30th shows the use of different connection plates 140 for functional parts that are particularly stressful.
These connection plates 140 are carried by several spacers according to the invention to absorb the resulting load.
In another embodiment, connection plates are provided for two spacers, which lie on a line.
The connection plate 140 is intended for three spacers, the centers of which form the corner points of a triangle.
In further exemplary embodiments, more than two spacers lie on a straight line. Several spacers can also lie on a zigzag line, the spacers forming the corner points.
Exemplary embodiments can also occur in which the spacers lie on the corner points of a square.

In the 30th Connection plates shown lie on the facade surface.
In other exemplary embodiments, the connection plates are incorporated flush into the facade surface.

29 shows a cone 130 for a spacer according to the invention, with different connection plates and intermediate plates 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 can be combined.

In a further exemplary embodiment, not shown, the invention is applied to anchors which have been guided through the building wall and are held on the inside of the building with a surface-mounted plate or a concealed plate. Such anchors can be braced and / or glued in the same way as the anchors and threaded rods described above. The anchors then either protrude into the insulation up to the building wall or up to the insulation. The amplification according to the invention can then take place in the same way as in the exemplary embodiments described above.

The 33 to 35 show a building wall 201 with an insulated facade 206 .
In front of the facade 206 an awning is to be attached. A large number of spacers are provided for each of the awnings. Only one of the drill holes is considered below. In addition to the drill hole in the building wall, another, aligned drill hole is provided in the thermal insulation. In the case of a central borehole in the building wall, it is advantageous to first produce the borehole in the building wall and to drill through the thermal insulation. Then the hole in the thermal insulation can be drilled out with a pot drill and the pot drill can be guided with a rod in the borehole of the building wall. In all embodiments 33 to 35 is an anchor in the form of a threaded rod in the borehole 202 glued as a spacer. The threaded rod 202 protrudes from the borehole to the top of the facade 206 . The freely projecting anchor end is used to connect the awning. To stiffen the threaded rod protruding from the borehole, 33 and 34 an amplifier 203 on the threaded rod 202 intended. The amplifier leaves some distance from the outside of the facade. This results in a cavity which is filled with insulation material in a form not shown. This serves to displace air from the cavity and improves the insulation.

The amplifier 203 consists in the embodiment of a fiber-reinforced plastic part with a central bore with an internal thread, so that the amplifier 203 on the threaded rod 202 screwed on and against the building wall 201 can be excited.
In another embodiment is also between the amplifier 203 and the building wall 201 Glue provided so that the on the amplifier 203 forces directly into the building wall 201 be directed.

The embodiment according to 34 differs from the exemplary embodiment 33 in that the amplifier 203 by a measure of 10mm in the building wall 201 has been admitted. There is a corresponding recess in the wall of the building with a router 201 been incorporated.
In other exemplary embodiments, the dimension of the depression is 5 to 30th mm.

The embodiment according to 35 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 by a two-part amplifier with parts 204 and 205 . The part 204 sits as a metal disc of 5mm thickness without an internal thread on the anchor 202 . The part 204 forms an oversized washer for the part 205 made of the same material as the amplifier 203 . The part 204 is glued to the building wall and forms a full surface support for the part 205 .
In another embodiment, the part 204 formed by a pillow, which is filled with a solidifying mass. The part 205 in the exemplary embodiment, the pillow is initially applied with low pressure 204 and the building wall stretched and after the pillow filling has solidified until the desired tension is reached.
In yet other embodiments, the pillow is filled with a material that cures under pressure.

The embodiment according to 36 differs from that 33 in that a head on the projecting anchor end 210 is screwed, which ends with the facade surface. In addition, an anchor is made of parts for thermal separation 202a and 202b used. The parts 202a and 202b meet in the head 210 . Both have part 202a and 202b a distance from each other. To prevent contact between both parts 202a and 202b are in the head 210 two blind holes are provided, which are opposite each other. The head 210 closes with the facade surface.

The embodiment according to 37 differs from the exemplary embodiments 33 to 36 by a spacer, which also has an anchor that is glued in a hole in the building wall. But there is a sleeve on the anchor 215 that with a lid 216 against the building wall 201 is excited. While the sleeve 215 with a through hole sitting loosely on the anchor is the lid 216 screwed onto the anchor end. The screw connection and tensioning reinforce the spacer.
The lid 216 closes with the facade surface.
The continuous anchor 202 corresponds to the state of the art.
The amplifier 215 is new.

54 shows a spacer with an amplifier that follows the shape of the spacer 37 ties in, that is, from the building wall to a lid 372 extends, which ends with the outer surface of the facade.

The lid 372 corresponds to the lid 216 in 37 . In contrast to 37 the amplifier exposes itself 370 and 371 together, together on the threaded rod 202 to sit. At the joint between the two amplifier parts 370 and 371 is a cavity 373 intended. A screw nut sits on the threaded rod in the cavity 202 with which the amplifier part 370 is pressed against the building wall. The lid 372 presses the amplifier part 371 against the amplifier part 370 .

In another embodiment, instead of the threaded rod 202 a screw corresponding to the drill hole in the building wall and a separate one with the reinforcement part 371 corresponding shorter threaded rod is provided. In the 54 screw nut shown is then the screw head. The shorter threaded rod ends in front of the screw head. This creates a thermal break. It is advantageous if before installing the amplifier part 370 a sleeve with a corresponding internal thread is glued into the borehole. The amplifier part 370 can then be assembled by screwing the screw into the sleeve and thereby the amplifier part 370 is stretched against the building wall.
The amplifier part 371 is then with the amplifier part 370 glued. In other exemplary embodiments, a screw connection is provided, on the outer circumference of the amplifier parts 370 and 371 a sleeve is provided which spans both amplifier parts in the area of the joint. The sleeve can be made of metal, but also of plastic or both. The sleeve can be firmly connected to one of the two amplifier parts and screwed onto the other amplifier part at the other end. For this purpose, the reinforcement part intended for screwing is provided with an external thread and the sleeve with an internal thread. The sleeve wall thickness is 2mm in the exemplary embodiment, the thread is a fine thread, the thread length is 20mm. In other exemplary embodiments, the sleeve wall thickness is less than 5 mm and the thread length is less than 30 mm. The thread is a normal metric thread or a fine thread.

50 shows a spacer that extends from the spacer 37 through a thermal break in the amplifier 215 differs. The thermal separation results from the fact that the amplifier is made of heat-insulating material, here plastic, and the armature is made of a threaded rod 352 is formed in a blind hole with an internal thread of the amplifier 215 ends. With the threaded rod 352 another threaded rod is aligned 351 in the amplifier 215 , which also sits in a blind hole with an internal thread, but at a distance from the threaded rod 352 ends. In the exemplary embodiment, the threaded rod is glued 352 in the building wall the amplifier 215 on the threaded rod 352 screwed so that the amplifier 215 spans against the building wall. The threaded rod 351 is already in the amplifier 215 screwed or is then in the amplifier 215 screwed. The threaded rod can be screwed on using a cover 216 secured in the correct position. The correct position is the position in which the lid is 216 with the outside of the insulation / facade.
For screwing are both in the amplifier and in the cover 216 same openings 350 provided for a socket wrench.

To 50 the building surface is so flat and the hole for the threaded rod 352 so precisely perpendicular to the building surface that no processing of the building wall is required. In the case of a less good bearing surface for the amplifier, machining of the bearing surface is provided, as in 34 shown and described. Or an adhesive cushion is used, as in 35 , 38 shown and described.

The embodiment according to 40 also has an anchor 202 , which is glued in a borehole of the building wall and up to the thermal insulation 206 protrudes. The embodiment according to 40 differs from the spacer 37 in that a pane on the building wall side 225 is provided by means of a screw nut 226 on the threaded rod serving as an anchor 202 screwed and clamped against the building wall. Instead of the sleeve 215 is a sleeve 228 intended. This sleeve too 228 comes with a lid 227 tense; this time not directly against the building wall but indirectly over the pane 225 against the building wall. The sleeve 228 and the lid 227 are in one piece in the embodiment. The lid is for tensioning 227 provided with a central threaded hole that corresponds to the external thread of the anchor 201 is adjusted.
In another embodiment, a cover separate from the sleeve is provided. The sleeve is clamped between the disc and the cover, which is like the cover 227 can be screwed onto the threaded rod. The disc and the cover have projections with which the cover and the disc engage in the centering of the sleeve.

The embodiment according to 38 differs from the exemplary embodiment 35 by a head sitting on the anchor end like him in 36 is shown and described. It is also made of parts 202a and 202b existing anchor as in 36 and an adhesive pillow 1208 as in 35 intended.

The embodiment according to 44 in contrast to the embodiment according to 38 a cylindrical amplifier 203a . There are two holes diametrically opposite each other in the face of the amplifier facing away from the building wall 300 with the same center distance to the central axis of the amplifier 203a . The holes 300 are intended for a socket wrench, not shown. After gluing the anchor 301 the amplifier is in the anchor hole in the building wall 203a on the anchor 301 screwed and braced against the building wall. Then a head is placed on the protruding anchor end 302 . The head 302 has two blind holes with internal thread. One blind hole is used to unscrew the head 302 to the anchor end. The other blind hole is used to hold a fastening threaded bolt 303 .
In the exemplary embodiment, the bracing was carried out against an unprocessed surface of the housing wall. In other embodiments, the surface is milled like this 34 has been explained. This happens when there is a risk of surface unevenness.
In further exemplary embodiments, a cushion with curable adhesive is placed between the amplifier and the surface in such a way as that 35 is described.

The embodiment according to 39 differs from the exemplary embodiment 38 through an amplifier 203 with a tip 221 instead of the disc 206 . The summit 221 forms an adapter that can be combined with amplifiers of various types. The tip helps even without glue 221 when centering or aligning the armature / threaded rod in a position perpendicular to the bearing surface.
For the top 221 the hole in the building wall has been widened accordingly. The advantages of the conical expansion are centering the spacer and easier positioning of an adhesive to glue the tip 221 .

The embodiment according to 52 differs from the exemplary embodiment 39 through another amplifier 340 , which extends to the outside of the facade, so that a separate head is not necessary. Until the top 341 and a centering connection between the tip 341 and amplifier 340 corresponds to the amplifier 340 the in 50 illustrated and described amplifier. For the connection between the amplifier 340 and the top 341 is the top 341 provided with a collar that with a turn of the reinforcement 340 works together.

The embodiment according to 41 differs from the other exemplary embodiments by a thermal separation. With thermal separation, the heat flow from the parts to be attached to the facade is interrupted via the anchor into the building wall. This happens because instead of the long anchor 202 (which extends to the facade) a short anchor 235 is used, which ends at a distance from the outside of the facade. Otherwise the anchor is the same as the anchor 202 held in the building wall, i.e. in the borehole with an adhesive or with an expansion anchor or with an expansion anchor and an adhesive.
In the embodiment, the anchor 235 like the anchor 202 formed by a threaded rod piece.
In the exemplary embodiment, the anchor protrudes 235 so far out of the building wall that a cylindrical spacer part on the protruding end of the anchor 235 can be screwed. This spacer part has a threaded piece 237 with external thread on which another spacer part 240 can be screwed with an internal thread.
There is a hole for the two spacer parts 236 in the facade 206 brought up to the building wall.
These two spacer parts are made of reinforced plastic with a low thermal conductivity in relation to the steel of the anchor 235 .

The spacer part with a flange / collar is on the building wall side 238 Mistake. The flange / collar / collar 238 increases the contact area of the spacer part on the building wall. The size of the contact surface / contact surface on the building wall has a significant influence on the stability of the spacer.
Between the spacer part and the building wall is a cushion filled with an adhesive 239 provided that solidifies and thereby forms an advantageous contact surface for the spacer part. A material with a high early strength can be used as the adhesive, in which the assembly does not have to be interrupted. The cost of the adhesive is of minor importance if, for example, only one awning with a few fastening points has to be installed.

In other exemplary embodiments, there are contact surfaces on the building wall 201 and the flange / collar 238 cleaned, for example with compressed air. Then glue is applied directly to the contact surface of the building wall 201 and / or on the flange / collar / collar 238 applied so that there is also a bonding of the flange / collar / collar 238 comes on the building wall. The statics of the construction advantageously improve with the adhesive bond. The load capacity of the spacer increases.

51 shows six procedural steps for the assembly of the spacer 41 .
In the first process step, the threaded rod is made after drilling a hole in the building wall 235 glued into the hole as an anchor. In the second step of the process, the adhesive cushion 239 on the threaded rod 235 stuck.

In the third step of the process, the adhesive cushion 239 brought to rest on the building wall.
In the fourth step, the spacer piece 237 is placed on the threaded rod 235 screwed until the spacer piece 237 is clamped against the building wall with the intermediate adhesive cushion.
In the fifth step, the second spacer part 240 on the spacer part 237 screwed.

In still other embodiments, instead of the pillow 239 a piece of a compressible mat is provided which is soaked / filled with the adhesive. The thickness of the mat can be small because building walls are usually flat. Less flat building areas can be taken into account by using two or more mats.
To the extent that the adhesive emerges from the gap between the building wall and the spacer, this is harmless because the adhesive then remains invisible between the insulation and the building wall. Otherwise, the person skilled in the art can dose the amount of adhesive with little practice so that only a little adhesive or no adhesive emerges from the gap. It is helpful if the flange / collar / collar 238 is provided with a sleeve made of rubber or another flexible material. The cuff encompasses the flange / collar / collar 238 and widens when the adhesive pushes out, but prevents the adhesive from flowing uncontrollably into the insulation of the facade.

When installing the spacer part with the thread 237 and the flange / collar / collar 238 can set the desired tension of the spacer part on the anchor 235 and can be reached against the building wall using a wrench attached to a hexagon 242 attacks which is integrally formed on the spacer part. A ratchet is preferably used as the wrench, which reaches over the hexagon with a so-called nut. An extension piece is optionally provided between the nut and ratchet. The ratchet allows the wrench to be moved back and forth and the spacer part can nevertheless only be rotated in one direction.

After installing the spacer on the building side, the spacer part becomes 240 screwed on. The spacer part 240 Like the spacer on the building side, it consists of a fiber-reinforced plastic.

In the exemplary embodiment, the spacer part closes 240 with the top of the facade. In other exemplary embodiments, the spacer part can protrude or protrude from the top of the facade. The spacer part 240 is at the closed end with a pin in the form of a threaded rod piece 241 Mistake. The awning is attached to the threaded rod piece.

The embodiment according to 42 and 43 differs from that 41 by six anchors evenly distributed on a circle 250 instead of the one centrally arranged anchor 235 . For the six anchors 250 there are six matching drill holes in the building wall. The six anchors 250 together have a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the central anchor 235 is. Statically, however, this does not involve any disadvantage. Every single one of the anchors 250 becomes much less than the central anchor 235 charged. Due to the smaller cross-sectional areas, conventional expansion anchors and associated screws with countersunk heads could be used.
For the six anchors 250 are in the flange / collar / collar 251 through-holes of the spacer part on the building wall side.

In addition, there are holes for the six anchors in the wall of the other spacer part 250 . These holes have a diameter over 2/3 of the length of the wall that is large enough to accommodate the countersunk head of the screws. Over the remaining length of the wall, the holes are so large that the anchors 250 can be pushed through with sufficient play.
By placing the anchors both through the wall of the spacer part 253 as well as reach through the flange / collar / collar of the spacer part on the building wall side, is the spacer part 253 locked in its rotational position. The locking only takes place when the spacer by screwing / turning the spacer part 253 on the other spacer part has reached the desired position, in which it is flush with the top of the facade or stands back or protrudes.
The spacer part is provided for connection to an awning to be fastened in front of the facade 253 the same pin as the spacer part 240 to 41 .

In other embodiments, they are anchors 250 serving screws also glued to the expansion dowels in the drill holes.

In still other embodiments, the six anchors are before the other spacer part is screwed on 253 with the flange / collar / collar 251 braced against the building wall. The holes in the wall of the spacer part 253 are then unnecessary.

The spacer part is then locked, for example, when it is connected to the part to be fastened to the facade.

In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, both spacer parts which can be screwed into one another or onto one another are provided with a flange / collar / collar. The flange / collar / collar of the spacer part on the building wall side is then compared to the exemplary embodiment according to 42 and 43 twice as big. The flange / collar / collar additionally provided on the other spacer part is then as large as the one after 42 and 43 provided collar. Then in the additional flange / collar / collar of the other spacer part, six bores / through holes are evenly distributed on a circle with a larger radius.
The holes / through holes provided in the flange / collar / collar of the spacer part on the building wall side are evenly distributed on an equal circle. The boreholes / boreholes in the building wall are evenly distributed on the same circle.
With this embodiment, the same locking of the spacer parts as after 42 and 43 achieve without long holes in a sleeve wall.

55 shows an amplifier 380 for a spacer according to the invention, the amplifier having two centrally arranged threaded rods 381 and 382 has as an anchor and the threaded rods are glued in blind holes and the amplifier has four evenly distributed bores running in the axial direction 383 having. Through the holes 383 will glue in the gap 385 passed between the amplifier and the building wall. In order to keep the consumption of glue as low as possible, the gap is 385 with a rubber lip running around the amplifier 384 locked. The adhesive has the task of creating a full-surface support for the amplifier.
In the exemplary embodiment, the adhesive layer is produced on the building wall without prior reinforcement of the amplifier.

In another exemplary embodiment, the amplifier is first braced on the wall of the building and then the adhesive becomes in the gap 385 pressed.
In still other exemplary embodiments, depressions and / or elevations on the contact surface of the amplifier ensure a secure flow of adhesive in all areas of the gap 385 worried. The same effect can also be achieved by spacers, which are positioned between the building wall and the amplifier.

The holes are in the exemplary embodiment 383 clogged with adhesive residue after filling in the adhesive. In a further exemplary embodiment, the adhesive is introduced by means of suitable tubes or by means of suitable hoses, which are removed together with the adhesive residues contained therein after the adhesive has been introduced. Then the holes are open again.

56 shows two anchors 390 made of glass fibers, which are glued into the drill holes in the building wall. The right anchor in the view is a cylindrical amplifier 391 provided with a smooth central hole for the anchor. The anchor 390 owns one from the amplifier 391 protruding end with metric screw connection M12 , so that the amplifier can be clamped against the building wall with a screw nut. Add an adhesive cushion 392 an optimal support for the amplifier 391 for sure.
The amplifier 391 is adapted in length to the thickness of the surrounding insulation, so that the amplifier 391 with the facade surface.

The left anchor in the view 390 is surrounded by a cylindrical amplifier, which in the exemplary embodiment consists of a base body 393 and spacers of different thicknesses 394 consists. The spacers 394 are chosen so that the amplifier is flush with the facade surface.

57 shows a milling tool for processing the building wall on the support surface for an amplifier.
The milling tool has amplifiers 401 Use as in 50 are shown. Such amplifiers have two threaded holes, of which the wall-side threaded hole for screwing in a guide rod 402 and the opposite threaded hole for screwing in a rod 403 serves. The thread of the rod 403 is dimensioned so that after screwing it in there is more than one nut thickness from the amplifier 401 protrudes and the rod with a nut 404 can be secured. On the shaft with which the rod 403 a hexagonal cross section is provided in the chuck of the drill.
On the guide rod 402 becomes the milling head 400 fixed by screwing.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DD 242194 [0022]
• DD 142166 [0022]
• DD 140 120 [0022]
• DE 102014102826 [0022]
• DE 102015007004 [0022]
• DE 102014115506 [0022]
• DE 4214636 [0022]
• DE 1504463 [0022]
• DE 202011050195 [0027]
• DE 102011051510 [0027]
• DE 102010061139 [0027]
• DE 19653672 [0027]
• EP 2853654 [0027]
• EP 2540924 [0027]
• EP 2017314 PCT [0118, 0125, 0135, 0153]

Claims (16)

Spacers on a building wall for retrofitting an external part of a functional part such as a canopy or an awning or an advertising system or an escape route or a staircase or a scaffold or lamps or a camera or the like, the attachment being carried out via the spacer through the thermal insulation, wherein the spacer engages in particular with an anchor in the building wall, characterized by the use of at least one of the following features: a) the threaded rod or anchor is provided with an amplifier which rests on the building wall, the amplifier on the contact surface with the building wall at least has three times the outer diameter of the centrally arranged threaded rod or anchor b) the threaded rod or anchor is clamped and / or glued in the borehole in the building wall c) the threaded rod sits with an expansion plug in the borehole, d) between the head of the A spacer and the adjacent end of the amplifier there is a distance e) the amplifier is provided on the building wall side with an adhesive. f) the amplifier is in several parts, one part being a pane on the building wall, which is glued to the building wall and / or braced, and the other part of the amplifier being screwable and braceable against the pane g) the amplifier consists of a sleeve and a Lid, the sleeve with the lid can be clamped against the building wall f) the amplifier consists of a disc, a sleeve and a cover, the sleeve being arranged on the building wall side and being clampable against the building wall and the cover with the sleeve being clampable against the pane is or the amplifier consists of a sleeve or tube with a building wall-side, closed end, with which the sleeve or tube is stretched against the building wall, and an open other end, which can be closed by a screw-in additional amplifier part and / or by a cover and / or the amplifier has an external thread or internal thread for a screw connection with another spacer part and / or the amplifier consists of a cylinder, in particular a cylinder with a collar and / or the amplifier has a central hole for the anchor g) the amplifier is clamped to the building wall via an intermediate cushion h) the spacer consists of plastic and a thermal separation is provided within the spacer i) the threaded rod engages in a sleeve located in the borehole, in particular a housing with an internal thread that fits the external thread of the threaded rod j) the spacer in its amplifier has a thermal separation k ) the spacer has a thermal break in its head 1) a centering tip on the spacer m) the amplifier is composed of several parts that are glued and / or screwed together, the screw connection being performed by threaded rods that pass through the amplifier are led, and / o which takes place through tubes / sleeves which are arranged on the outside of the amplifier n) the anchor consists of bevels or threads or filaments, preferably consists of glass fibers and / or carbon fibers. n) a self-tapping screw is used Spacer after Claim 1 , characterized in that the amplifier is provided on the contact surface with the building wall with adhesive, in particular wherein the adhesive is held by a sleeve or by a compressible textile or by a compressible, open-pore and large-pore foam part, the adhesive in the cavities of the textile or the pores of the foam part. Spacer after Claim 1 or 2nd . characterized by the use of adhesive cartridges or an adhesive press for dosing the adhesive. Spacers according to one of the Claims 1 to 3rd , characterized in that the cushion is provided with a hardening material, in particular is provided with an adhesive. Spacers according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the cushion has a jacket made of a textile, preferably made of a fabric, even more preferably of an adhesive-permeable fabric, so that emerging adhesive causes an adhesion to the building wall and / or with the reinforcement. Spacers according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized by a thickness of the pillow of at least 3mm, preferably of 6mm and even more preferably of 9mm. Spacers according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the cushion protrudes in the assembled state at the edge of the reinforcement, the protrusion preferably being 20 to 40 mm. Spacer after Claim 7 , characterized in that the hole in the thermal insulation is larger than the diameter of the reinforcement by the amount of the cushion overhang. Spacers according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized by a recess for the reinforcement in the building wall, preferably by a conical tip on the reinforcement and a conical recess in the building wall. Spacers for retrofitting an external part of a functional part such as a canopy or an awning or an advertising system or an escape route or a staircase or a scaffold or lamps or a camera or the like, the fastening being carried out via the spacer through the thermal insulation, the spacer engages in the building wall, characterized by the use of at least one of the following features: a) the spacer is held in the building wall with a plurality of threaded rods or anchors b) the spacer is provided with an amplifier which rests on the building wall, the amplifier on the The contact surface with the building wall has at least three times the outer diameter of a centrally arranged threaded rod or anchor c)) whereby the threaded rods or anchors are clamped and / or glued in boreholes in the building wall d) the threaded rods and anchors are seated with a chaff zdübel in the borehole, e) the amplifier is in several parts, one part being a pane on the building wall side, which is glued to the building wall and / or braced, and the other part of the amplifier being screwable and braceable against the pane f) the amplifier consists of a sleeve and a lid, the sleeve with the lid being clamped against the building wall g) the amplifier consists of a disk, a sleeve and a cover, the sleeve being arranged on the building wall side and being clampable against the building wall and the lid with the sleeve h) can be clamped against the disk two parts of the amplifier, one of which forms a cylindrical body and the other a sleeve and the cylindrical body can be screwed into the sleeve or the sleeve can be screwed onto the cylindrical body. Building wall after Claim 10 , characterized in that the cylindrical body is arranged on the building wall side and is provided with my flange or collar or collar and is tensioned with the flange / collar / collar against the building wall, wherein there are openings for the threaded rods or anchors in the flange / collar / collar . Building wall after Claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that screws are used as anchors and expansion anchors for the screws sit in the boreholes or sleeves are glued in the boreholes and the anchors are screwed into the glued sleeve. Building wall according to one of the Claims 10 to 12th , characterized by the use of countersunk screws. Building wall according to one of the Claims 10 to 13 , characterized in that bores are provided in the sleeve which can be screwed onto the cylindrical body and can be aligned with the bores in the flange / collar / collar of the cylindrical body, so that the screws pass through the bores can be pushed into the other spacer part and through the bores in the flange / collar / collar of the spacer part on the building wall side into the boreholes. Building wall according to one of the Claims 10 to 14 , characterized in that the bores in the other spacer part run through the wall of the sleeve-shaped body or in that the bores run in a flange / collar / collar of the sleeve-shaped body. Building wall according to one of the Claims 1 to 15 that a cavity between the spacer and the surrounding thermal insulation is at least partially filled with a thermal insulation material, in particular by using soft foam material as thermal insulation material that is at least partially displaceable by the parts of the spacer during assembly of the spacer.

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