DE102017119599B4 - Procedure for testing the traction of a traction sheave - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for testing the traction ability of a traction sheave (1) of an elevator system (10), the elevator system (10) also having at least one suspension rope (2) guided over the traction sheave, a first elevator body (3) hanging at one end of the suspension rope (2) and a second elevator body (4) hanging on the other end of the supporting cable (2), and the two elevator bodies (3, 4) can be moved in opposite directions to one another depending on a rotation angle of the traction sheave (1), comprising:a) moving the first elevator body ( 3) upwards; b) braking the traction sheave (1); c) measuring a braking acceleration of the first elevator body (3); characterized in that an acceleration is calculated at least as a function of the measured braking acceleration, a mass of the first elevator body (3), a test mass (9), a safety factor and the gravitational acceleration in such a way that the calculated acceleration when steps aa) are hypothetically carried out, moving the first elevator body (3) with the test mass (9) down;bb) braking the traction sheave (1); corresponds to a hypothetical braking acceleration of the first elevator body (3,4) in step bb); where the hypothetical braking acceleration corresponds to a hypothetical deceleration when acting upwards in step bb) and, conversely, to a hypothetical acceleration when acting downwards in step bb), anddriving ability is judged to be sufficient if the calculated acceleration corresponds to a hypothetical deceleration of the first elevator body (3) in step bb) and that the calculated acceleration according to the equation a=(G-F)⋅g+(G+F)⋅aM−(F+t⋅Q-G)⋅g(G+F+t⋅ Q) is determined, where a is the calculated acceleration, aM is the measured braking acceleration, F is the mass of the first elevator body (3), G is the mass of the second elevator body (4), Q is a mass of a nominal load and t is the safety factor and the calculated acceleration of the hypothetical deceleration when a > 0 m/s2.

Description

1. a) Bewegen des ersten Aufzugskörpers nach oben;
2. b) Bremsen der Treibscheibe;
3. c) Messen einer Bremsbeschleunigung des ersten Aufzugskörpers.

The present invention relates to a method for testing the traction capability of a traction sheave of an elevator system according to the preamble of patent claim 1, wherein the elevator system also has at least one suspension rope guided over the traction sheave, a first elevator body hanging at one end of the suspension rope and a first elevator body at the other end of the Carrying rope hanging second elevator body and the two elevator bodies are movable in opposite directions to each other depending on a rotation angle of the traction sheave, comprising:

1. a) moving the first elevator body upwards;
2. b) braking of the traction sheave;
3. c) measuring a braking acceleration of the first elevator body.

The background for the present invention is formed in particular by safety tests on goods and passenger elevators. Such elevators must be subjected to regular checks, e.g. B. Characteristics such as travel distances, braking distances, catch distances and the traction, i.e. the sufficient power transmission between the suspension rope and the traction sheave, of the rope hoist driven by the traction sheave must be determined. This is e.g. B. for Germany in detail in the technical rules for operational safety (TRBS 1201-4) described.

This known inspection of elevators requires a great deal of work, since the inspection requires the elevator to be loaded with the permissible payload and the traction capability to be checked for up to one and a half times the payload. Loading and unloading the appropriate weights is not only time-consuming, but also involves heavy physical work. In addition, the weight test for the elevator system represents a high stress on the loaded components.

From the U.S. 6,325,179 B1 an alternative method is known, with which the amount of work for the test method is reduced. In the known method, a braking distance of a car traveling uphill is measured using distance sensors, and the braking force for braking the car loaded with 1.25 times a nominal load traveling downhill is calculated therefrom. In addition, in the known method, the driving ability is calculated from measured rope slip values when traveling up and down, as well as braking distances when traveling up and down the empty elevator car. However, the known method is not designed and designed to measure braking acceleration.

In contrast, in the method of the type mentioned, such as in the DE 10 2006 042 909 A1 and DE 10 2015 226 699 A1 are disclosed, an empty car of a traction sheave elevator system is braked while traveling upwards, with the braking acceleration of the car being measured. From the measured braking acceleration, the mass of the empty car, the mass of the counterweight and the gravitational acceleration, the traction is determined as a dynamic rope force ratio and compared with a test condition.

From the DE 10 2015 226 699 A1 a device and a method for detecting at least one movement parameter of a traction sheave elevator system without a machine room are already known.

From PETRY Alfons, Dipl.-Ing., The current diagnostic functions of ADIASYSTEM when testing elevators, published in LIFT-REPORT 3/2003, a method for testing the traction ability of a traction sheave of an elevator system is disclosed, in which a data logger records the delay of the empty car and an expert system calculates the resulting value for the nominal load case.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an alternative method with an improved test quality.

• aa) Bewegen des ersten Aufzugskörpers mit der Prüfmasse nach unten;
• bb) Bremsen der Treibscheibe;

einer hypothetischen Bremsbeschleunigung des ersten Aufzugskörpers in Schritt bb) entspricht; und die Treibfähigkeit als ausreichend beurteilt wird, wenn die berechnete Beschleunigung einer hypothetischen Verzögerung des ersten Aufzugskörpers in Schritt bb) entspricht.The object is achieved according to the invention by a method of the type mentioned at the beginning with the characterizing features of patent claim 1, in which an acceleration is calculated at least as a function of the measured braking acceleration, a mass of the first elevator body, a test mass, a safety factor and the gravitational acceleration such that the calculated acceleration if the steps were performed hypothetically

• aa) moving the first elevator body with the test mass downwards;
• bb) Braking the traction sheave;

corresponds to a hypothetical braking acceleration of the first elevator body in step bb); and the traction ability is assessed as sufficient if the calculated acceleration corresponds to a hypothetical deceleration of the first elevator body in step bb).

By calculating the acceleration according to the method according to the invention, the measurement of the braking acceleration in a checked several times whether the traction capacity of the traction sheave is sufficient in such a way that the first elevator body loaded with the test mass also comes to a standstill after the traction sheave has been braked. A loading of the first elevator body with the test mass is then advantageously not necessary for testing the traction. Since the calculated acceleration corresponds to the hypothetical braking acceleration in the method according to the invention, i.e. the braking acceleration of the first elevator body when traveling downwards, the criterion that the car loaded with a test mass comes to a standstill after the traction sheave has been braked is advantageous for the test quality on the basis of the hypothetical braking acceleration of the first elevator body during this downward movement. Surprisingly, it can then even be checked how much the first elevator body loaded with the test mass is decelerated, so that the test quality is additionally improved in the method according to the invention.

bestimmt, wobei a die berechnete Beschleunigung, a_M die gemessene Bremsbeschleunigung, F die Masse des ersten Aufzugskörpers, G die Masse des zweiten Aufzugskörpers, Q eine Masse einer Nennlast und t den Sicherheitsfaktor darstellt und die berechnete Beschleunigung der hypothetischen Verzögerung entspricht, wenn a > 0 m/s² ist.Following the teachings of the method of the invention, the calculated acceleration is according to the equation $$\text{a=}\frac{\left(\text{GF}\right)\cdot \text{g+}\left(\text{G+F}\right)\cdot {\text{a}}_{\text{M}}-\left(\text{F+t}\cdot \text{QG}\right)\cdot \text{G}}{\left(\text{G+F+t}\cdot \text{Q}\right)}$$

where a is the calculated acceleration, a _M is the measured braking acceleration, F is the mass of the first elevator body, G is the mass of the second elevator body, Q is a mass of a rated load, and t is the safety factor, and the calculated acceleration corresponds to the hypothetical deceleration when a > 0 m/s is ² .

ist, und die Bremskraft in Schritt bb) $${\text{F}}_{\text{B2}}=\left(\text{F+t}\cdot \text{Q-G}\right)\cdot \text{g}+\left(\text{G+F+t}\cdot \text{Q}\right)\cdot \text{a}$$

ist. Gleichsetzen der Gleichungen Gl. 2 und Gl. 3 und Auflösen nach der berechneten Beschleunigung liefert Gleichung Gl. 1 und damit die berechnete Beschleunigung.The acceleration is then calculated using the method according to the invention based on the fact that the traction sheave is braked in steps b) and bb) of the method according to the invention with a braking force that is the same amount, after which the braking force in step b) $${\text{f}}_{\text{B1}}=\left(\text{GF}\right)\cdot \text{G}+\left(\text{G+F}\right)\cdot {\text{a}}_{\text{M}}$$

is, and the braking force in step bb) $${\text{f}}_{\text{B2}}=\left(\text{F+t}\cdot \text{QG}\right)\cdot \text{G}+\left(\text{G+F+t}\cdot \text{Q}\right)\cdot \text{a}$$

is. Equating the equations Eq. 2 and Eq. 3 and solving for the calculated acceleration gives Eq. 1 and thus the calculated acceleration.

wonach im Rahmen der Erfindung in besonders einfacher Weise beurteilt wird, ob die Treibfähigkeit ausreicht. Denn ist die Ungleichung Gl. 4 für einen bestimmten Wert der gemessenen Bremsbeschleunigung erfüllt, entspricht dies der hypothetischen Verzögerung des mit der Prüfmasse beladenen ersten Aufzugskörpers in Schritt bb) des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wonach die Treibfähigkeit als ausreichend beurteilt wird.Inserting the test condition a > 0 m/s ² into the equation Eq. 1 and solving for the measured deceleration also yields $${\text{a}}_{\text{M}}>\frac{2\cdot \text{f}\cdot \text{G}-2\cdot \text{G}\cdot \text{G}+\text{t}\cdot \text{Q}\cdot \text{G}}{\left(\text{G+F}\right)},$$

after which it is judged in a particularly simple manner within the scope of the invention whether the driving ability is sufficient. Because if the inequality Eq. 4 is fulfilled for a specific value of the measured braking acceleration, this corresponds to the hypothetical deceleration of the first elevator body loaded with the test mass in step bb) of the method according to the invention, after which the driving ability is assessed as sufficient.

Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that Eq. 1 can also be resolved according to the safety factor or the nominal load, after which the test condition a > 0 m/s ² is used to check whether a specified value is maintained with regard to the safety factor or the nominal load in view of sufficient traction.

The equation Eq. 1 can be described particularly simply for a reference variable system for representing forces, movements and accelerations of the elevator system, in which a direction with a positive sign corresponding to the movement of the first elevator body as in step a) of the method according to the invention is oriented upwards. Then the calculated acceleration in the case of a deceleration of the first elevator body in step bb) as in the equation Eq. 1 with a positive value (acceleration up).

However, the person skilled in the art will recognize without further ado that the driving ability can be tested using the method according to the invention independently of the choice or orientation of the reference value system.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the traction sheave is braked in such a way that it comes to a standstill. Accordingly, the traction sheave is braked completely in the method according to the invention, with the result that a maximum achievable value of the measured brake acceleration can be determined within the scope of the invention, so that the calculated acceleration and thus the hypothetical brake acceleration in step bb) are advantageous for the test quality the braking acceleration when the first elevator body with the test mass descends, also reaches its maximum value. If the hypothetical braking acceleration does not correspond to a deceleration, but instead to an acceleration downwards, the tractive ability must be assessed as insufficient.

In a particularly expedient embodiment of the method according to the invention, the traction sheave is braked in step b) by actuating an emergency brake. The traction is then braked by a braking device that is typically already integrated into the elevator system, so that the traction can be checked particularly easily using the method according to the invention without the installation of additional devices.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the measured braking acceleration is a maximum braking acceleration. A maximum value for the hypothetical braking acceleration when the loaded first elevator body is moving down is then calculated using the method according to the invention, which is advantageous for the test quality, so that a statement is made as to whether the loaded elevator body is coming to a standstill. For example, the measured braking acceleration is measured until the first elevator body comes to a standstill and a maximum is formed from the measurement series of acceleration values obtained in this way. Such an evaluation can be carried out, for example, with an electronic evaluation unit, with the evaluation unit being integrated into the first elevator body or designed as a mobile device for a person carrying out the test.

According to an advantageous development of the method according to the invention, the measured braking acceleration is measured by at least one stationary acceleration sensor connected to the first elevator body and/or at least one stationary connected to the second elevator body. Within the scope of the invention, the first or second elevator body is connected to an acceleration sensor, so that the determination of the measured braking acceleration from a distance measurement as a function of time is omitted, which is advantageous for the test quality. Typically, at least one of the two elevator bodies is particularly easy to reach for positioning the at least one acceleration sensor, for example by stopping it on a specific floor of a building.

It is also advantageous within the scope of the invention if the measured braking acceleration is measured by at least one stationary acceleration sensor connected to a first rope section of the suspension rope arranged between the first elevator body and the traction sheave.

It is also advantageous within the scope of the invention if the measured braking acceleration is measured by at least one stationary acceleration sensor connected to a second rope section of the suspension rope arranged between the second elevator body and the traction sheave.

If the first elevator body is an elevator car, in particular an elevator car for transporting people, the method according to the invention is used to test the traction capability of a corresponding passenger elevator installation, which is typically subject to particularly high safety requirements. Furthermore, the method according to the invention is also suitable for an elevator system for transporting other loads with a first elevator body designed as a load basket.

If the mass of the first elevator body corresponds to its empty mass, the rope force ratio in relation to rope slip of the suspension rope is at its worst, so that in this way the tractive capacity is checked for a case that is particularly relevant to safety.

The invention is described by way of example in a preferred embodiment with reference to a drawing, wherein further advantageous details can be found in the figures of the drawing.

Parts that are functionally the same are provided with the same reference symbols.

• 1: eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage zur Veranschaulichung einer beispielhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens; und
• 2: eine schematische Darstellung der Aufzugsanlage aus 1 zur Veranschaulichung des nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beispielhaft geprüften, hypothetischen Belastungszustands der Aufzugsanlage.

The figures in the drawing show in detail:

• 1 : a schematic representation of an elevator system to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention; and
• 2 : a schematic representation of the elevator system 1 to illustrate the hypothetical load state of the elevator system tested by way of example according to the method according to the invention.

die hypothetische Beschleunigung a für den Fahrkorb 3 als Funktion der Erdbeschleunigung g, der Masse G des Gegengewichts 4, der Leermasse F des Fahrkorbs 3, der Nennlast Q und der gemessenen, hier maximalen Bremsbeschleunigung a_M für den Fall berechnet, dass der Fahrkorb 3 wie in 2 schematisch dargestellt bei einer Abwärtsbewegung gemäß einer Drehung der Treibscheibe 1 in Richtung eines dort gezeigten Pfeils 8 mit einer Prüfmasse 9 der Masse 1,25 . Q nach unten bewegt und hierbei die Treibscheibe 1 durch die nicht dargestellte Nothaltebremse vollständig abgebremst wird. Die Treibfähigkeit der Treibscheibe 1 wird dann als ausreichend beurteilt, wenn die berechnete Beschleunigung einer hypothetischen Verzögerung des hier mit der Prüfmasse 9 der Masse 1,25 . Q beladenen Fahrkorbs 3 in der 2 entspricht.In the 1 a traction sheave 1 of an elevator system 10 is shown. A suspension cable 2 is guided over the traction sheave 1 . A car 3 , which is empty here, is fastened to one end of the supporting cable 2 and a counterweight 4 is fastened to the other end. The mass of counterweight 4 is greater than the mass of car 3, which is empty here. Traction sheave 1 is driven in the direction of arrow 5 by a drive (not shown) of elevator system 10, after which car 3, which is empty here, is moved upwards in the direction of arrow 6 , while the counterweight 4 is moved in the opposite direction of the arrow 6 down. The traction sheave 1 is completely braked during the ascent of the empty car 3 here by actuating an emergency brake, not shown. Here, the maximum deceleration of the empty here Car 3 is measured by an acceleration sensor 7 connected to the car 3, which is empty here. Then for a safety factor t = 1.25 according to the equation $$\text{a=}\frac{\left(\text{GF}\right)\cdot \text{g+}\left(\text{G+F}\right)\cdot {\text{a}}_{\text{M}}-\left(\text{F+1}\text{,25}\cdot \text{QG}\right)\cdot \text{G}}{\left(\text{G+F+1}\text{,25}\cdot \text{Q}\right)}$$

the hypothetical acceleration a for the car 3 as a function of the gravitational acceleration g, the mass G of the counterweight 4, the empty mass F of the car 3, the nominal load Q and the measured, here maximum braking acceleration a _M for the case that the car 3 as in 2 shown schematically during a downward movement according to a rotation of the traction sheave 1 in the direction of an arrow 8 shown there with a test mass 9 of mass 1.25. Q is moved downwards and the traction sheave 1 is braked completely by the emergency brake (not shown). The driving ability of the traction sheave 1 is judged to be sufficient if the calculated acceleration of a hypothetical deceleration of the here with the test mass 9 has a mass of 1.25. Q loaded car 3 in the 2 is equivalent to.

Reference List

1

traction sheave

2

carrying rope

3

car

4

counterweight

5

Arrow

6

Arrow

7

accelerometer

8th

Arrow

9

proof mass

10

elevator system

Claims (9)

Method for testing the traction ability of a traction sheave (1) of an elevator system (10), the elevator system (10) also having at least one suspension rope (2) guided over the traction sheave, a first elevator body (3) hanging at one end of the suspension rope (2) and a second elevator body (4) hanging from the other end of the support rope (2), and the two elevator bodies (3, 4) can be moved in opposite directions to one another depending on a rotation angle of the traction sheave (1), comprising: a) moving the first elevator body ( 3) up; b) braking of the traction sheave (1); c) measuring a braking acceleration of the first elevator body (3); characterized in that an acceleration is calculated at least as a function of the measured braking acceleration, a mass of the first elevator body (3), a test mass (9), a safety factor and the gravitational acceleration in such a way that the calculated acceleration when steps aa) are hypothetically carried out) moving the first elevator body (3) with the test mass (9) down; bb) braking the traction sheave (1); corresponds to a hypothetical braking acceleration of the first elevator body (3,4) in step bb); where the hypothetical braking acceleration corresponds to a hypothetical deceleration if it acts upwards in step bb) and, conversely, to a hypothetical acceleration if it acts downwards in step bb), and the traction ability is judged to be sufficient if the calculated acceleration is a hypothetical deceleration of the first elevator body (3) in step bb) and that the calculated acceleration according to the equation $$\text{a=}\frac{\left(\text{GF}\right)\cdot \text{g+}\left(\text{G+F}\right)\cdot {\text{a}}_{\text{M}}-\left(\text{F+t}\cdot \text{QG}\right)\cdot \text{G}}{\left(\text{G+F+t}\cdot \text{Q}\right)}$$

is determined, where a is the calculated acceleration, a _M is the measured braking acceleration, F is the mass of the first elevator body (3), G is the mass of the second elevator body (4), Q is a mass of a nominal load and t is the safety factor and the calculated acceleration of the hypothetical deceleration when a > 0 m/s ² . procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that the traction sheave (1) is braked in step b) in such a way that it comes to a standstill. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traction sheave (1) is braked in step b) by actuating an emergency brake. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured braking acceleration is a maximum braking acceleration. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured braking acceleration is measured by at least one acceleration sensor (7) stationarily connected to the first elevator body (3) and/or at least one stationarily connected to the second elevator body (4). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured braking acceleration is measured by at least one stationary acceleration sensor (7) connected to a first cable section of the suspension cable (2) arranged between the first elevator body (3) and the traction sheave (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured braking acceleration is measured by at least one stationary acceleration sensor (7) connected to a second cable section of the suspension cable (2) arranged between the second elevator body (4) and the traction sheave (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first elevator body (3) is an elevator car (3), in particular an elevator car (3) for transporting people. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass of the first elevator body (3) corresponds to its empty mass.

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