DE102017004522A1 - Crushing machine and method for operating a crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a crusher (30) having a rotor (36), in particular a knife ring chipper, in which the feed material (31) pneumatically in the axial direction in the central region (41) of the rotor (36) and in the radial direction around the rotor (36) arranged substantially parallel to the axial direction extending plurality of crushing tools (1) is supplied, wherein the rotor (36) comprises a plurality of rotor blades (38) for moving the feed material (31) via the crushing tools (1). The invention is characterized in that at least one comminuting tool (1) and / or a rotor blade (38) is assigned at least one sensor (S) which detects the loading of the comminution tool (1) and / or the rotor blade (38). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a crushing machine.

Description

The invention relates to comminution machine with a rotor, in particular a knife ring chipper, and a method for operating a crushing machine.

For the production of, for example, chipboards or OSB boards (English oriented strand board) wood must be provided in elongated, slim chips. To produce such chips in particular Messerringzerspaner be used, as for example from the DE 197 24 325 C1 or DE 10 2015 005 642 A1 are known.

The wood to be cut is first fed through a feeder in the form of an air classifier. The feed material is passed through a sighting passage in which the relatively heavy particles are separated out. Thus, the feed to be crushed, which may be fresh wood, recycled wood or a mixture thereof, pre-cleaned. The transversely directed air flow, which causes the sighting, serves at the same time as a promotional force that conveys the feed material into the crushing space of the crushing machine.

The feed material hits there on a rotor and is deflected by this in the radial direction and passed by means of the rotor blades of the rotor to a knife ring, which surrounds the rotor in a ring-shaped and concentric. On the knives of the knife ring, the feed material is processed to desired elongated chips. These knives with their holders, such as the knife carrier or the clamping plate, and other elements, such as the wear plates, form the actual shredding tools. The rotor blades include one or more rotor blades which push the feed over the blades of the shredding tools.

It is a known problem that the deflected in the radial direction of the feed material always in the same relatively limited area hits the blades of the blade ring, so that these blades wear more in this limited area, while at the same time in axially adjacent areas, the blades are less worn.

In order to solve this problem, it is known, for example, to deflect the pneumatically supplied feed material over a plurality of axially successively arranged baffles with increasing diameters in the radial direction, so as to distribute the feed material over the entire axially available area evenly. Due to the staggered arrangement of the baffle plates, however, there is the problem that axially incoming feed material trajectories of already deflected in the radial direction feed crosses and thus can lead to collision of individual pieces of wood, which complicates the trouble-free operation of such a crushing machine accordingly.

To work around this problem, is in the DE 10 2015 005 642 A1 For example, it is proposed to arrange an insert in the central area of the rotor in the form of a distribution element which assigns the input area of the central area to separate chambers which respectively deliver the feed material entering in the axial direction in axially different areas.

However, it has now been found that the desired as even axial distribution of the material to be machined changes in part considerably, if change parameters during production such as the nature or quality of the material to be crushed, the speed of the pneumatic conveying air stream or the rotational speed of the arranged in Messerringzerspaner rotor and the distribution element in the central region.

The object of the present invention is therefore to further develop the size reduction machine and also a method for operating a size reduction machine in such a way that such a change in the distribution can be detected quickly, ideally during operation. A fast acquisition then gives the possibility to be able to make corresponding adjustments of machine parameters and thus to be able to bring about a targeted changes of these parameters again over the length of the knife substantially uniform distribution and thus a uniform wear.

As a first solution, a crusher with a rotor, in particular a Messerringzerspaner specified, in which the feed material pneumatically in the axial direction in the central region of the rotor and radially arranged in a ring around the rotor arranged substantially parallel to the axial direction extending multiple crushing tools supplied is, wherein the rotor comprises a plurality of rotor blades for moving the feed material via the crushing tools. The solution is characterized in that at least one comminution tool and / or a rotor blade is associated with at least one sensor which detects the load of the comminution tool and / or the rotor blade.

The advantage of the invention is not only that due to the sensor already in operation changing load and concomitantly a changing wear on the crushing tool and / or the rotor blade can be determined, so that counteracted during operation of such uneven wear, but that even in the establishment of such a crushing machine is the possibility of the adjustable parameters optimize with regard to a uniform load of the comminution tools.

Thus, the invention thus also gives the possibility to improve the operation of a crushing machine by a parameter, such as the amount or the speed of the axial flow causing air flow at a permanently changing parameters, such as another type of feed is permanently changed so as to achieve a desired uniform wear pattern on the crushing tools.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that sensors are arranged distributed over the circumference of the crushing machine. By means of the sensors can thus be determined, as the feed material is distributed in both the radial and axial directions supplied to the crushing tools. Due to the distribution, appropriate parameters such as rotational speed or feed amount can be controlled or regulated for optimal use.

Preferably, the sensor is arranged in and / or on a clamping plate of the crushing tool.

Alternatively or in combination, the sensor is arranged in and / or on a wear plate of the comminution tool.

In a preferred form, the sensor is arranged in and / or on a knife carrier of the comminution tool.

An alternative embodiment is characterized in that the sensor is arranged in and / or on a rotor blade of the rotor blade.

The arrangement of the sensors in and / or on the clamping plate, the wear plate, the knife carrier or the rotor blade depends in particular on the desired benefit, whether a pressure, a force, a temperature, a wear or a present amount are detected by means of the sensors should. Depending on the application, it may be more advantageous if the sensor is arranged within the respective component, for example sensors for temperature or wear, or on the component itself, such as a pressure or force sensor or an optical sensor.

The wear plate and / or clamping plate and / or the rotor blade are preferably constructed from a plurality of elements. Elements are individual parts of the wear plate, clamping plate and / or the rotor blade and can be designed in particular for segmentation in the axial as well as radial extension of the wear plate, clamping plate and / or the rotor blade. In particular, the segmentation in the axial direction allows a determination of the distribution of the feed over the depth of time. In addition, individual elements offer the advantage that in case of a defect not the complete wear plate, clamping plate and / or the rotor blade are replaced, but only the defective element.

An advantageous embodiment results from the fact that at least a part of the segments and / or elements, preferably all, cooperate with at least one sensor. By connecting the individual elements with sensors, a better resolution of the data can be achieved and thus a more accurate determination.

Preferably, the crushing tool is removably attached to a holder of the crushing machine. In particular, it is preferred that the clamping plate, the wear plate and / or the knife carrier are interchangeable arranged on the crushing tool. If necessary, the complete comminution tool can be changed or just one part of the comminution tool. This can also be done depending on the wear and the effort for the change.

A preferred embodiment provides that the rotor blade are replaceably attached to a holder of the rotor and / or the rotor blades are interchangeable attached to a holder of the rotor blade. If necessary, the complete rotor blade can be replaced or only a part of the rotor blade, in particular the rotor blade. This can also be done depending on the wear and the effort for the change.

In particular, the sensor is a resistive, optical, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, electrochemical, inductive, magnetic or capacitive sensor. The sensor is preferably a force sensor, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor or a wear sensor. The choice of how the sensor works depends on the particular application and the location of the installation. By means of the sensors resistances, angles, distances, distances, pressures, forces, accelerations, speeds, temperatures during the Measure the operation of the crusher. Depending on the sensor, the measurement is carried out without contact, for example in inductive or optical and optoelectronic sensors, and thus gentle on the material. A camera can serve as the optical sensor, and a light source with a photodiode can serve as the optoelectronic sensor. Strain gauges can also be used as a form of resistive sensors. By means of a load cell, forces can be determined on a specific component or element of a component.

Alternatively or in combination, a plurality of sensors, preferably of different types, are associated with a comminution tool and / or a rotor blade. Various parameters such as temperature, force and wear can be determined and monitored simultaneously.

A further embodiment is characterized in that a distribution element for the axial and / or radial distribution of the feed material is arranged in the central region of the comminution machine, to which preferably a further sensor is assigned. The distribution element achieves an improved distribution of the feed material in the comminution space within the comminution machine. By means of sensors in and / or on the distribution element, for example, the distribution of the feed material within the distribution element can be detected and monitored.

In particular, a control unit for detecting the data of the sensors is arranged.

Preferably, the supplied amount of feed material, which is for promoting the feed material causing air flow and / or the rotational speed of the rotor and / or a distribution element for distribution of the feed material, arranged in the central region of the crushing machine, by means of the control unit, preferably via their drives, controllable or controllable , This allows a uniform distribution of the feed within the crusher and allows the production of high quality and consistent chip material. It is also possible to react quickly to a change in the feed material and to avoid or considerably reduce waste material.

In an alternative embodiment, connecting elements to the comminution machine and / or radio transmitters to the sensors are arranged or operatively connected to the sensors in order to transmit the signals from the sensors. Especially with moving elements, a wired connection via connecting elements can be difficult and wireless transmission of the signals may be preferred. For fixed elements, the connection can be made simpler by means of connecting elements, in particular with regard to a possibly necessary power supply of the sensors.

As a further solution of the problem, a method for operating a crushing machine with a rotor, in particular a Messerringzerspaner specified, in softer the feed material pneumatically transported in the axial direction in the central region of the rotor and radially arranged in a ring around the rotor substantially parallel fed to the axial direction of several crushing tools and the feed material is moved by means of rotor blades on the crushing tools. The solution is characterized in that a load on at least one comminution tool and / or a rotor blade is detected by means of sensors.

In a preferred embodiment, the data of the sensors are detected in a control unit, evaluated and further processed for controlling the components of the crushing machine.

A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the supplied amount of feed material, the conveying of the feed material causing air flow and / or the speed of the rotor and / or a distribution element, preferably via the drives, is controlled or regulated.

Alternatively or in combination, the transmission of the measured data of the sensors is wired and / or wireless. A wired transmission of the data is usually then applicable and advantageous if the sensors are stationary and not moved. For sensors that are in motion or on a component being moved, wireless transmission is preferred. Depending on the embodiment, it is also conceivable that the sensors on a moving component we are brought together the rotor or a knife ring and connected to a transmitter on the moving component wired.

Preferably, the crushing tools are arranged on a knife ring which is stationary or rotatable.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description with the drawings.

• 1 einen Schnitt durch eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine;
• 2 eine Seitenansicht von Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen mit Rotorschaufeln;
• 3 eine Ansicht einer Verschleißplatte von unten;
• 4 einen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Verschleißplatte;
• 5 eine Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Verschleißplatte;
• 6 eine Seitenansicht einer Klemmplatte;
• 7 eine Unteransicht einer Verschleißplatte in einer alternativen Ausführungsform;
• 8 eine Seitenansicht von zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen;
• 9 eine Seitenansicht von zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen in einer alternativen Ausführungsform;
• 10 eine Seitenansicht von zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen in einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 11 eine Seitenansicht einer Rotorschaufel; und
• 12 eine Draufsicht auf eine Rotorschaufel.

Showing:

• 1 a section through a crusher;
• 2 a side view of crushing tools with rotor blades;
• 3 a view of a wear plate from below;
• 4 a section through a wear plate according to the invention;
• 5 a section through another embodiment of a wear plate;
• 6 a side view of a clamping plate;
• 7 a bottom view of a wear plate in an alternative embodiment;
• 8th a side view of two juxtaposed crushing tools;
• 9 a side view of two juxtaposed crushing tools in an alternative embodiment;
• 10 a side view of two juxtaposed crushing tools in another embodiment;
• 11 a side view of a rotor blade; and
• 12 a plan view of a rotor blade.

In 1 is a crusher 30 shown according to the invention. The material flow of the feed 31 falls into a heavy material separator 32 , which is designed in the form of an air classifier. By a drive 45 is in the fan 33 an airflow 34 generated at a speed of about 15 to 20 m / s, which laterally from below into the heavy material separator 32 blown. Here is the speed of the airflow 34 adjusted so that the air flowing from the side 34 recorded feed 31 in the central area 41 the crusher 30 blown.

This crusher 30 has a knife ring on the outside 35 that a variety of crushing tools 1 with radially inwardly standing knives 4 having, their cutting 3 extend in the axial direction. The knife ring 35 can be either fixed or is rotated about its central axis by a corresponding drive. Coaxial with the knife ring 35 is a rotor 36 arranged over a shaft 37 by means of a drive 43 is set in rotation. The direction of rotation 2 this rotor 36 is preferably opposite to the direction of rotation of the knife ring 35 if this is not fixed. Radially outward, this rotor has 36 rotor blades 38 on, which are parallel to the crushing tools 1 of the knife ring 35 extend and close to these shredding tools 1 walk past, leaving the feed 31 from the rotor blades 38 with attached to this rotor knives 39 at the shredding tools 1 passed and while doing the task 31 is machined. The chips that form during this process are separated by a knife ring below 35 arranged discharge shaft 40 from the crusher 30 dissipated.

In the central area 41 of the rotor 36 sits in the example shown here, a distribution element 42 for optimized distribution of the feed material 31 inside the crusher 30 , The distribution element 42 For example, can be a distribution rotor with multiple chambers, which has its own drive 44 independent and thus independent of the speed of the rotor 36 or the knife ring 35 can be rotatable.

In 2 you can see the side view of shredding tools 1 with rotor blades 38 , The shredding tool 1 sits in a knife ring not shown here 35 of similar shredding tools 1 That's in the crusher 30 to a rotor described above and also not shown here 36 , with the rotor blades shown here 38 , is arranged around. The rotor 36 In this case, it rotates about a central axis, which determines its axial direction normal to the plane of the drawing, in one direction of rotation 2 , The rotor 36 leads him in the axial direction supplied feed 31 , which is thrown outward by him in the radial direction, at the crushing tools 1 past. The feed 31 will be on the cutting edge 3 a knife 4 of the crushing tool 1 pushed past, whereby a desired chip is detached. Subsequently, the feed material slides 31 on a wear plate 5 passing before it's in the direction of rotation 2 following crushing tool 1 is passed, where the next chip is replaced.

The wear plate 5 is on a knife carrier 6 attached, on which also the knife 4 via a clamping plate 7 is held, which is the knife 4 covers and protects.

To the local load on the crushing tool 1 , especially the knife 4 to be able to determine which are on the wear plate 5 through the feed past her 31 acting forces by means of at least one sensor S detected.

In 3 is the bottom 15 the wear plate 5 shown. The wear plate 5 is about their length in individual elements 20 segmented so that the load on the wear plate 5 according to their division into these elements 20 can be detected separately and thus information about the load on the wear plate 5 about the depth of the shredding tool 1 supplies.

The Elements 20 the wear plate 5 , which in principle are subject to wear, each have a substantially centric attachment 8th on and on every element 20 are three positions 9 . 10 and 11 represented at which sensors S identical or different types can be attached. The Elements 20 can be replaced individually in case of wear, but also an exchange of the complete wear plate 5 is possible.

For the sensors used here S For example, it may be a resistive, optical, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, electrochemical, inductive, magnetic or capacitive sensor S act or a sensor S in the form of a force sensor 12 , a pressure sensor 17 , a resistive sensor S in the form of a strain gauge, a transducer etc. or even a temperature sensor 13 or a wear sensor detecting immediate wear 14 as they are in the 4 and 5 the example of a wear plate 5 are shown.

While the force sensor 12 the on the wear plate 5 acting forces and / or the possibly resulting from these moments detected is via the temperature sensor 13 Determines what temperature is in the wear plate 5 developed due to the friction between the bottom 15 the wear plate 5 and the feed past her 31 ,

With the wear sensor 14 that produces a signal when at the bottom 15 the wear plate 5 provided wear layer 16 is used up, can be detected when the wear plate 5 is used up and has reached its end of life. In relation to 3 can the wear sensor 14 for example, at position 9 , the force sensor in position 10 and the temperature sensor 13 at position 11 be arranged.

In 5 is an alternative embodiment of a wear plate 5 to recognize, at the appropriate pressure sensors 17 at the positions 9 and 11 can sit on the wear plate 5 determine acting pressures. Also in this embodiment is a temperature sensor 13 provided with the resulting from the friction between wear plate 5 and past her feed 31 resulting temperature is determined.

In 6 you can see the side view of a clamping plate 7 , This is in the example shown here on the side with which they are in their installation situation the fixed by her knife 4 facing, with corresponding resistive sensors S , in particular in the form of a strain gauge, provided. By means of these sensors S , in particular in the form of strain gauges, it is possible that on the knife 4 specifically to detect acting forces and thus on the state of wear of the cutting edge 3 of the knife 4 of the crushing tool 1 To draw conclusions.

As the wear progresses, they increase at the cutting edge 3 of the knife 4 occurring forces considerably, so that thereby the clamping plate 7 is more stressed, resulting from one or more sensors S is to be determined.

In the 7 is again a wear plate 5 shown in a bottom view, with this wear plate 5 at her cutting edge 3 of the knife 4 of the crushing tool 1 opposite end with several bending beam-like elements 20 is provided, via fasteners 21 , For example in the form of screws, rivets, etc. on another element 20 ' the wear plate 5 are attached. Every single element 20 . 20 ' can with appropriate sensors S be equipped so that in turn the delicate detection of readings is possible. Corresponding constructions are in the 8th to 10 shown in sectional side views.

In the 8th to 10 is the left shredding tool 1 identical, with here known embodiments of crushing tools 1 are shown, on a knife carrier 6 via a clamping plate 7 a knife 4 attached, the at its lower front end a cutting edge 3 having. Behind the cutting edge 3 and the knife 4 is a usual, usually one-piece wear plate 5 ,

In the shredding tool shown on the right 1 are the wear plates 5 in a special way, mostly from single elements 20 . 20 ' formed formed.

In 8th is at the element 20 ' the wear plate 5 a separate element 20 attached, that at its in by-pass direction of the feed material 31 (here from right to left according to the direction of rotation 2 ) rear end with a sensor S is provided, for example, a strain gauge or force sensor. Depending on the element 20 The selected material can be selected by the passing material 31 on the element 20 acting forces the sensor S deform differently. This allows for a suitable choice of material for the element 20 an adaptable to different constraints embodiment one with a sensor S provided wear plate 5 be achieved. In this variant, in case of a defect or wear on the sensor S the individual elements 20 be exchanged quickly and individually.

In 9 is at the transition from the element 20 ' the wear plate 5 to one with this one piece connected element 20 a joint 21 represented in the form of a solid-state joint. But at this position could also be designed as a hinge hinge 21 alternatively be provided. The element 20 acts at its free end against a sensor S who in this example in the knife carrier 6 is integrated and the change of the distance of the element 20 to the knife carrier 6 recognizes. Such a sensor S may be formed both inductively, capacitively, magnetically, optically, optoelectrically or resistively or pneumatically act on a changing resistance between the element 20 and the knife carrier 6 ,

In the 10 is a construction that is similar to that in the 9 is comparable. However, here can be between the end of the item 20 and the knife carrier 6 , as shown in the detail view A, nor a spring 22 or an adjustable resistance can be provided, via which an adjustable compliance of the element 20 reachable, which is a scaling of the here in the element 20 attached sensor S allows or facilitates.

A shredding tool 1 , as shown here, can be configured in a specific embodiment of the invention so that it from a supporting him bracket, the part of the knife ring 35 is easy to solve. This gives you the option of having a sensor S provided crushing tool 1 against such without such a sensor S replaced. So can a crusher 30 with the help of a sensor S provided crushing tool 1 be set up and with the support of the sensors S on the feed 31 be optimized. Subsequently, the crushing tools 1 easily removed and by crushing tools 1 without sensors S be replaced. Corresponding can also the rotor blades 38 on the rotor 36 or the rotor knives 39 on the rotor blades 38 be detachably and interchangeably arranged. If a sensor S is integrated only in a wearing part, for example in the wear plate 5 , in the knife 4 or in the rotor knife 39 , the change to a corresponding wearing part without sensors S be easier and faster.

In 11 and 12 is a rotor blade 38 shown in cross section and in plan view. The sensors described above S , such as force sensors12, pressure sensors 17 , Temperature sensors 13 , optical or resitive sensors S may alternatively and / or in the rotor blade 38 and in particular on and / or in a rotor knife 39 , over its axial length also into individual elements 20 be segmented, can be arranged. Preferably, the segmentation is in elements 20 of the rotor knife 39 with a segmentation of the wear plate 5 match. This allows the distribution of the feed 31 over the axial length of the rotor blades 39 and thus also about the shredding tool 1 be recorded. A change from a rotor knife 39 or a complete rotor blade 38 with sensors S to a rotor knife 39 or a rotor blade 38 without sensors S is also conceivable if the rotor blade 38 detachable on the rotor 36 or the rotor knife 39 , which is also subject to wear, detachable on the rotor blade 38 is arranged.

Of course it is also possible to use sensors at the same time S in a crushing tool 1 and in a rotor blade 38 so that there is a complete set of data about the individual components, particularly the comminution tool 1 and its components, and the rotor blade 38 and their components can wear differently.

There is a possibility that the on and / or in crushing tools 1 , Wear plates 5 , Clamping plates 7 , Knife carriers 6 , Knives 4 , Rotor blades 38 or rotor knives 39 integrated sensors S a wireless transmission of sensors S allow measured values, so that with sensors S provided crushing tools 1 , Wear plates 5 , Clamping plates 7 , Knife carrier 6 , Knife 4 , Rotor blades 38 or rotor knife 39 also in existing crushers 30 easily retrofitted or appropriate sensors S only as needed and as explained only temporarily in a corresponding crushing machine 30 be installed, for example, to adjust the crushing process. In particular, several sensors S also be connected to a common transmitter. A wired transmission of data from the sensors S is also conceivable, in particular if the component, to and / or in which the sensor S is built, not moved.

In particular, it is preferably more of the abovementioned components, such as comminution tools 1 , Wear plates 5 , Clamping plates 7 , Knife carrier 6 , Knife 4 , Rotor blades 38 or rotor knives 39 with sensors S , as described above, over the circumference of the knife ring 35 or the rotor 36 so that the crushing process can be recorded in all areas. For example, in each quadrant of the knife ring 35 or the rotor 36 Alternatively also in each component or every second component sensors S be arranged. This can not only the distribution of the feed 31 in the axial direction over the crushing tool 1 or the rotor blade 38 but also the distribution over the circumference of the knife ring 35 built-in shredding tools 1 or the im rotor 36 integrated rotor blades 38 be detected and determined.

That with sensors S provided crushing tool 1 and / or the rotor blade 38 can be used in a crusher 301 for their installation and their optimization. There is the possibility, as in 1 represented, the individual sensors S in and / or on the comminution tools 1 and / or the rotor blades 38 via a control unit 46 with the drives 43 . 44 . 45 for rotor 36 , Distribution element 42 or blower 33 or further manipulated variables such as the feed to feed 31 connect to. The transmission of the data of the sensors S as well as the control of the controllable components can be wired via connection elements as well as wireless. The acquisition of the data is preferably carried out continuously, but can also take place at time intervals.

Due to the incoming data of the sensors S in the control unit 46 can correct the control signal for the drive 43 of the rotor 36 , for the drive 44 of the distribution element 42 , for the drive 45 of the blower 32 and / or for the supply of feed 31 calculated and the components are controlled accordingly. As a result, for example, the speed of the rotor 36 or the distribution element 42 be changed, so that the feedstock 31 better inside the crusher 30 is distributed. Also the amount of feed 31 or the flow rate of the airflow 34 can be changed accordingly for optimal distribution. In general, it is also conceivable that the crusher 30 due to the out of the sensors S obtained data by means of the control unit 46 constantly self-optimizing and so for improved utilization, lower downtime of the crusher 30 and ensures a consistent production of high quality chip material.

By means of the control of the components via the control unit 46 an optimization takes place on the one hand the distribution of the feed material 31 in the axial length of the crushing tools 1 and on the other hand the distribution of the feed material 31 over the circumference of the knife ring 35 , while optimizing the throughput of feed material 31 ,

Both the incoming readings of the sensors S as well as the issued corrections to the drives 43 . 44 . 45 or the feedstock 31 can be displayed on a visualization. Furthermore, the operator can in the automatic correction of the drives 43 . 44 . 45 or the influx of feed 31 manually intervene via input values. For documentation, the input and output values and any manual corrections are continuously recorded and saved on common storage media.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

chopping tool

2

direction of rotation

3

cutting edge

4

knife

5

wear plate

6

blade carrier

7

clamp

8th

attachment

9

position

10

position

11

position

12

force sensor

13

temperature sensor

14

wear sensor

15

bottom

16

wearing course

17

pressure sensor

19

fastener

20.20 '

element

21

joint

22

feather

30

crusher

31

feed

32

heavy particle

33

fan

34

airflow

35

knife ring

36

rotor

37

wave

38

rotor blades

39

rotor blades

40

discharge chute

41

Central area

42

distributor

43

drive

44

drive

45

drive

46

control unit

S

sensor

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19724325 C1 [0002]
• DE 102015005642 A1 [0002, 0007]

Claims (23)

Crushing machine (30) with a rotor (36), in particular a Messerringzerspaner, in which the feed material (31) pneumatically in the axial direction in the central region (41) of the rotor (36) and arranged in the radial direction in a ring around the rotor (36) wherein the rotor (36) comprises a plurality of rotor blades (38) for moving the feed material (31) via the comminution tools (1), characterized in that at least one comminuting tool (1) is provided. and / or a rotor blade (38) at least one sensor (S) is assigned, which detects the load of the crushing tool (1) and / or the rotor blade (38). Crushing machine (30) after Claim 1 , characterized in that sensors (S) over the circumference of the crushing machine (30) are arranged distributed. Crushing machine (30) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the sensor (S) in and / or on a clamping plate (7) of the comminution tool (1) is arranged. Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (S) is arranged in and / or on a wear plate (5) of the comminution tool (1). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (S) is arranged in and / or on a knife carrier (6) of the comminution tool (1). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (S) is arranged in and / or on a rotor blade (39) of the rotor blade (38). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wear plate (5) and / or the clamping plate (7) and / or the rotor blade (38) of a plurality of elements (20, 20 ') are constructed , Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the elements (20, 20 '), preferably all, cooperate with at least one sensor (S). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing tool (1) is removably attached to a holder of the crushing machine (30). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping plate (7), the wear plate (5) and / or the knife carrier (6) are arranged interchangeably on the comminution tool (1). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor blade (38) interchangeable on a holder of the rotor (36) and / or the rotor blade (39) is interchangeably fixed to a holder of the rotor blade (38). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (S) is a resistive, optical, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, electrochemical, inductive, magnetic or capacitive sensor (S). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor (S) is a force sensor (12), a pressure sensor (17), a temperature sensor (13) or a wear sensor (14). Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of sensors (S), preferably of different types, a crushing tool (1) and / or a rotor blade (38) are assigned. Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distribution element (42) for axial and / or radial distribution of the feed material (31) in the central region (41) of the crushing machine (30) is arranged, which preferably another Sensor (S) is assigned. Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control unit (46) for detecting the data of the sensors (S) is arranged. Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supplied amount of feed material (31), for conveying the feed material (31) causing air flow (34) and / or the rotational speed of the rotor (36) and / / or the distribution element (42) for distributing the feed material (31) by means of the control unit (46), preferably via the drives (43, 44, 45), controllable or controllable. Crushing machine (30) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for transmitting the signals of the sensors (S) connecting elements on the crushing machine (30) and / or radio transmitter to the sensors (S) are arranged or operatively connected to these. Method for operating a comminution machine (30) having a rotor (36), in particular a knife ring chipper, in which the feed material (31) pneumatically moves in the axial direction into the central region of the rotor (36) and in the radial direction around the rotor (36 ) is arranged substantially parallel to the axial direction extending plurality of crushing tools (1) is fed and the feed material (31) by means of rotor blades (38) via the crushing tools (1) is moved, characterized in that by means of sensors (S) a load on at least one crushing tool (1) and / or a rotor blade (38) is detected. Method according to Claim 19 , characterized in that the data of the sensors (S) in a control unit (46) are detected and evaluated. Method according to one of Claims 19 to 20 , characterized in that the supplied amount of feed material (31), for conveying the feed material (31) causing air flow (34) and / or the rotational speed of the rotor (36) and / or a distribution element (42), preferably via their drives (43, 44, 45), controlled or regulated. Method according to one of Claims 19 to 21 , characterized in that the transmission of the measured data of the sensors (S) is wired and / or wireless. Method according to one of Claims 19 to 22 , characterized in that the crushing tools (1) are arranged on a knife ring which is stationary or can be rotated.

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