DE102021004824A1 - Plant and method for the continuous production of material panels as well as chipper, system and computer program product - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for the continuous production of material panels, as well as a chipper, a system and a computer program product. As an example of the inventions mentioned, the invention consists in a plant for the continuous production of material panels with a press, in that in the plant (35) there is a machining area (40) with a control (39) and/or at least one shredder (8) with a controller (17), the controller (30) of the system (35) being operatively connected to the controller (39) for the chipping area (40) and/or to the controller (17) for the chipper (7). According to the invention, a possible shredder with cutting tools for shredding material has at least sensors for generating measured values on the feed device, the heavy material separator (4), on the discharge device and/or for the material itself, with these being connected to the controller (17) for evaluation of the measured values, and with the controller (17) being operatively connected to actuator drives and/or adjustable machine elements on the hogger (8) for controlling or regulating the hogger (8), in particular to the feed device, the heavy material separator (4), the Discharge device for the material and/or the drive (1623) of the chipper.

Description

The invention relates to a plant for the continuous production of material panels according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

The invention also relates to a method for operating such a system according to the preamble of patent claim 9.

The invention also relates to a chipper according to the preamble of patent claim 17, particularly suitable for use in a system or a method for producing material panels, and a system and a computer program product according to claims 21 and 23.

For the production of chipboard or OSB boards, for example, wood must be provided in long shavings. For this one uses knife ring flakers, such as those from DE 199 07 415 B4 or DE 10 2015 005 642 A1 are known. In the second disclosure, the knife ring flaker has a vibrating chute as a feeding device for the material to be crushed. Heavy material is then separated by a vertical counter-air flow and the material to be shredded is fed to a central area within the shredder. The air flow, which is intensified by the rotating rotor blade, presses and crushes the material against the stationary or possibly also rotating knife ring. After the material has passed through the knife ring, the material reaches a discharge chute and is transported further, if necessary by a discharge device, and transferred to a plant for the production of material panels. As a rule, the comminuted material is dried there if necessary, glued and scattered to form a pressed material mat and finally pressed to form a material panel, preferably in a continuously operating press.

With DE 10 2017 004 522 A1 a comminution machine has also become known in which the load on the rotor blade and/or on the comminution tool is measured during operation. This is used in an improved way to obtain an even wear pattern on the comminution tools, in particular by controlling or regulating other parameters such as the rotational speed or the feed quantity for optimal use.

This application of the basic data for wear has also shown success and the wear pattern on the tools has been optimized. The problem, however, is that optimal operation can usually only be carried out with experienced operating personnel and that continuous operation (24/7) or high-quality production processes can usually only be achieved through empirical values and manual intervention by the personnel. In particular, tables and production books are still kept, sometimes by hand, in order to use empirical values from previous productions to optimize current production.

The shredding devices or flakers are usually operated as isolated solutions in a system and accordingly only receive an on/off command. The present machining system is therefore too inflexible for today's production requirements, in particular for needs-based and/or anticipatory production in a large-scale industrial plant for the production of material panels.

The object of the present invention is to create a system and a method for producing material panels in connection with machining, which is able to machine material as required and to use the available resources, in particular material and devices or tools, optimally. Furthermore, as an extension of the task, there should be the possibility of producing the material produced with foresight in order to cushion demand peaks and to run the machining in the optimal operating range as far as possible. At the same time, the machining should be adjustable, preferably automated, to the future requirements of the system with regard to at least the quality and quantity of the material. A wearing overproduction or a production with defective material caused by worn cutting tools is particularly preferably avoided.

The invention is generically based on a plant for the continuous production of material panels with a press, the plant having at least one molding section for creating a mat of pressed material, a press for pressing the mat of pressed material into a material panel and a finishing line for stacking and a controller for the parts mentioned of the plant should be arranged. A double belt press is preferably provided for a continuous pressing process.

This object is achieved for a system in that a chipping area with a controller and/or at least one chipper, preferably a knife ring chipper, with a controller is arranged in the system, the controller of the system being connected to the controller for the chipping area and/or with is actively connected to the control for the chipper.

The invention understands by grinding or grinding devices not only the restoration of the knife with rotating abrasives and an indefinite cutting edge, but also sharpening, for example using milling cutters or similar tools with a defined cutting edge.

According to the invention, a grinding robot is not only a device with a high degree of automation, which removes the knives from the cutting tool and inserts them again and sharpens them, but also the possibility of using an automated CNC milling cutter as a grinding device or as a sharpening device, in which the blunt knives automatically inserted and the sharpened knives are automatically removed.
Thus, grinding or sharpening are to be understood as equivalent means of restoring the knives or other machine parts.

The following describes how the solution could be further improved and optimized with additional features.

In a first extension of the invention, the control of the chipper can be suitable for implementing at least two operating modes, preferably an energy-saving mode, an operating mode that is minimized or maximized in terms of throughput, a low-wear operating mode and/or an operating mode that affects chip quality. These operating modes are characterized in particular by a combination of different setting options, which are described in more detail below. Advantageously, depending on the production process, the chipper or in combination with the production of material panels can be operated adaptively or with foresight for later production and/or maintenance.

Silos or bunkers are particularly preferably provided in or after the machining area, which can record the results of the various operating modes in order to integrate them appropriately into the production process of the subsequent plant parts.

Alternatively or cumulatively, it can be provided that the control of the system is suitable for influencing the control of the chipping area and/or the chipper depending on the current or future planned production.

Particularly preferably, the chipper can be assigned a sharpening robot, which is suitable for preparing or restoring the cutting tools of the chipper and/or the chipper is assigned a warehouse for storing the cutting tools, most preferably for storing or using cutting tools for different operating modes. One operating mode can also differ from another due to the settings used for the knife tools, in particular with other adjustable parameters.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a controller can be arranged in the plant for the production of material panels to form a machining management system, which is preferably suitable for current values and/or empirical values from the machining area, an area of preparation for the material and/or a machine for self-optimization, in particular of the different operating modes. It is also possible to use measurement results from subsequent or previous production or quality control in order to adapt or correct the operating modes. A control of the machined materials is particularly preferably provided in order to assess the current wear (e.g. of the cutting tools) and, if necessary, to adjust the settings of the chipper. Fluctuations in the material (grade, type, quality, foreign matter...) can also be sufficient for a necessary control or regulation intervention in the machining area or on the machine.

Alternatively or cumulatively, a controller can be arranged in the machining area, which is suitable for current or empirical values from the machining area or a machine operator and most preferably in connection with quality features of the associated material panels produced and/or the quality of the raw material (fresh wood/waste wood/types of wood... .) to process. An evaluation unit, the open-loop or closed-loop control, can work out or improve suggestions for setting the parameters of the system or the machining area and suggest these to an operator or automatically incorporate them into production.

In a further exemplary embodiment, a system can be arranged in the plant to form a machining management system, which comprises at least one device for storing and/or evaluating data, for example the measured values, the parameters and/or the operating states, with the data from the Machining area, a chipper, the processing, the forming section, the pressing section, the press, the finishing line and/or from the quality management for the products, for example laboratory data, are stored and/or evaluated.

In order to form a machining management system, the cutting tools in the machining area can also be marked and arranged in a recognizable and/or traceable manner using appropriate reading and/or writing means when they are used or processed in the system parts, preferably in the machine, in their storage and/or in the sharpening robot.

The invention also relates to a method for operating a plant for the continuous production of material panels with a press, in which case a mat of material to be pressed is created in a forming section in the plant, which is pressed in a press to form a material panel and, after finishing, is stacked, with these parts of the plant operated with a controller. The object of the invention is achieved in that a chipping area and/or at least one chipper, preferably a knife ring chipper, are controlled by controllers in the system and the control of the system is controlled by the controller for the chipping area and/or by the controller for the chipper is operatively connected.

Particularly preferably, the machining area and/or the machine can be switched to different operating modes depending on the production or the system, preferably an energy-saving mode, an operating mode that is minimized or maximized in terms of throughput, a low-wear operating mode and/or an operating mode that affects chip quality.

In one embodiment, the control of the system can influence the control of the chipping area and/or the chipper depending on the current or planned future production. In this case, the material is advantageously produced, preferably with foresight, in the manner in which it will later be required for a specific product. For example, high-quality chips can be produced for high-quality material panels and chips of lower quality can be produced for panels of less demanding quality, preferably in connection with lower power consumption or less wear. Similar considerations can also be made for the production of fibers in an MDF plant or for the production of strands in an OSB plant.

Alternatively or cumulatively, depending on the current or planned future production, the control of the system can influence the preparation of the cutting tools of the chipper and/or a store for storing the cutting tools and its selection or use of the cutting tools, preferably for storage or Use of cutting tools for different modes of operation. For example, freshly sharpened knives or knife rings can be used for high-quality production, and knife rings or knives with already existing wear and correspondingly lower quality can be used for lower-quality production.

In a particular exemplary embodiment, a machining management system is used or implemented, which is preferably suitable for processing current values and/or empirical values from the machining area, processing and/or a machine operator for self-optimization, in particular of the various operating modes. For this purpose, a self-learning system in the sense of algorithms, neural networks or artificial intelligence can preferably be provided, which evaluates a large number of data and generates parameters for setting the system, the chipper or the system.

Particularly preferably, a controller can be used in the machining area, which is suitable for processing current or empirical values from the machining area or a machine operator in connection with quality features of associated material panels produced and, in particular, for developing or improving proposals for setting the parameters of the system or the machining area. Here, too, a self-learning system in the sense of algorithms or artificial intelligence can preferably be provided, which evaluates a large number of data and generates parameters for setting the installation, the chipper or the system.

Particularly preferably, data and measured values can be stored, processed and/or evaluated in a high-quality system for carrying out chipping management, for example measured values, parameters and/or operating states, with particularly preferably the data from the chipping area, a chipper, the preparation, the forming line, the press line, the press, the finishing line and/or from quality management for the products, for example laboratory data, are stored and/or evaluated.

According to the invention, the chipping management can be provided locally for a chipper, for a larger number of shredders (several chippers and/or other shredders). But also global systems for the plant or even for a higher-level plant control, which can supply several plants, preferably at different locations, with data and/or data from them gets can be provided. In the case of global systems or plants, parameters, measured values, quality characteristics and much more can be exchanged and used to optimize local systems.

The cutting tools, the knife rings, the hoggers and/or the knives are particularly preferably marked and can be clearly registered in relation to one another and/or in relation to their empirical values and/or measurement data, as well as in the individual system parts such as bearings, sharpening robots and/or hoggers using suitable writing and /or means of reading recognizable by the receiving or delivering individual machines and suitable for data adaptation/transfer. This essentially serves to support the controls, which can access the data but also the existing stocks accordingly in order to determine and, if necessary, transmit the best possible constellation.

In the sense of a sensible machining management or a system for this, not only the superordinate is in the foreground, the machining operator or the machining area, in particular with an automatic system for equipping or adjusting the machining operator itself, must be suitable for fulfilling the specifications and, if necessary, implementing them. It should also be possible for smaller systems or companies to operate a chipper in this sense or to be able to carry out contract or contract manufacturing if the chipper is arranged locally separately from the system.

A generic shredder preferably has cutting tools for shredding material during the production of material panels and includes a feed device for the material, a heavy material separator, a drive, a discharge device for the shredded material and a controller for the shredder. Usually, the simple control in the prior art is just a cutting on/off switch because various setting modes were not provided.

The task is solved for the chipper in that sensors for generating measured values are arranged on the feed device, the heavy material separator, on the discharge device and/or for the material itself and are operatively connected to the controller for evaluating the measured values,
wherein for the control or regulation of the chipper, the controller is operatively connected to adjusting drives and/or adjustable machine elements on the chipper.

In particular, it can be provided that the controller is operatively connected to the feed device, the heavy material separator, the discharge device for the material and/or the drive of the chipper and records measured values from there and/or specifies parameter settings. The recording of measured values from these areas is not conclusive, but can be carried out from several and other areas in and around the chipper or correspondingly, if suitable, lead to the setting of a large number of parameters on or in the chipper.

However, a shredder can be understood not only as a knife ring shredder, but also other devices for comminuting particles. This relates in particular to the management of metal removal and the use of a sharpening station for the cutting tools in a refiner (fiber production) or flaker (rough chip production) and other comminution devices, in particular in relation to a plant for the production of material panels.

In this context, the sensors or adjusting means generating the measured values can also be arranged on the cutting tools and/or on a distribution system for the material to the cutting tools. This increases the effectiveness of the overall system in providing optimal control for different modes of operation. At the same time, it is possible to control the chipper or its individual units.

Alternatively or cumulatively, the control of the or the control for a large number of chippers can be suitable for setting at least two different operating modes, preferably an energy-saving operating mode, an operating mode that is minimized or maximized in terms of throughput, a low-wear operating mode, or an operating mode that affects chip quality. In particular, it is provided to operate one or more chippers with a frequency-controlled converter so that different cutting speeds or speeds can be set on the cutting tools. An optional distribution rotor for distributing the material to be shredded across the width of the knife ring can also be equipped with an adjustable drive or a frequency-controlled converter.

In a separate inventive embodiment, it can be provided to provide a frequency-controlled converter for adjusting the drive for several motors or chippers.

• - eine Wiegevorrichtung für Störstoffe aus dem Schwergutabscheider,
• - eine Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Holzarten, des Mischungsverhältnisses und/oder der Spangrößen vor oder nach dem Zerspaner,
• - eine Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung der Vibration oder Geräuschentwicklung am Zerspaner,
• - eine Gewichts- oder Volumenmessung in der Zuführvorrichtung,
• - Dehnungsmesstreifen im Zerspaner oder an den Schneidwerkzeugen,
• - Sensoren am Antrieb für das Werkzeugsystem,
• - Lese- und/oder Schreibsensoren für elektronische Merkmale am Schneidwerkzeug respektive Messerring, beispielsweise RFID, im Zerspaner, im Lager und/oder im Schärfroboter, und/oder
• - Druck- oder Luftmengesensorik im oder am Zerspaner und/oder im Auswurfkasten für das zerkleinerte Material anzuordnen und falls vorhanden mit der Steuerung zu verbinden.

In a further cumulative or alternative embodiment, it may be possible

• - a weighing device for impurities from the heavy material separator,
• - a device for determining the types of wood, the mixing ratio and/or the chip sizes before or after the chipper,
• - a device for determining the vibration or noise development on the chipper,
• - a weight or volume measurement in the feeder,
• - Strain gauges in the chipper or on the cutting tools,
• - Sensors on the drive for the tool system,
• - Read and/or write sensors for electronic features on the cutting tool or knife ring, for example RFID, in the chipper, in the warehouse and/or in the sharpening robot, and/or
• - Arrange pressure or air volume sensors in or on the shredder and/or in the ejection box for the shredded material and, if available, connect them to the control system.

In order to round off the invention, a system is proposed for carrying out machining management in the course of the production of material panels in a plant or as an isolated solution for one or individual machining operators, comprising a data processing device for executing a computer program product for storing and/or evaluating data, with data from the Machining area, a chipper, the preparation, the forming section, the pressing section, the press, the finishing line and/or from quality management for the products, for example laboratory data, are stored and/or evaluated and, preferably in a predictive or self-learning manner, for control or Regulation of the production of the plant in relation to the machining area can be used.

It can be provided that the cutting tools of the chipper are registered and marked and are suitable for being recognized by the warehouse, by the maintenance and sharpening system and by the chipper. This can possibly also be useful for holders for the cutting tools, for example for knife packs or knife rings of the flakers.

A computer program product can also be provided, in particular for carrying out machining management for storing and/or evaluating data in the course of the production of material panels in a data processing device in a system or an isolated solution for one or more machining operators, with data from the machining area, one machining operator , the processing, the molding line, the press line, the press, the finishing line and/or from quality management for the products, for example laboratory data, are stored and evaluated, preferably in conjunction with self-learning algorithms.

Advantageously, different operating modes can now be set in the chipping area or with the chippers and used as needed in a complex production. Previously, chippers and their motors were designed in such a way that only one cutting speed or number of revolutions could be set due to the necessary drive power of several hundred kW. Frequency-controlled motors of this magnitude have not been planned for cost reasons. However, the costs will be recouped with the cutting management according to the invention.

In particular, it is now possible to adapt the production effort to the framework conditions within the framework of forward-looking production. For example, with normal quality, low-wear and cost-effective machining can be implemented. If high-quality material panels are to be produced, it is possible to select knife rings with excellent production data or to deactivate the low-wear operating mode in order to obtain high-quality shredded material. In this context, for example, it may also be possible to modify the setting of the chipper for more high-quality chips or chips (certain preferred geometries of the chips or chips) in such a way that more high-quality, but possibly at the same time more unusable or Material of poor quality is produced, which can only be used in material panels of B or C quality or used in start-up operation.

• - Schnittgeschwindigkeit /Drehzahl (Antrieb, Getriebe)
• - die Luftströmung oder den Luftdruck im oder am Zerspaner (Absaugung, Ventilator)
• - die Durchsatzmenge pro Zeit und/oder
• - die Einstellung des Schwergutabscheiders

vorgesehen.For setting different operating modes on the chipper itself are preferably the

• - Cutting speed / speed (drive, gear)
• - the air flow or the air pressure in or on the shredder (extraction, fan)
• - the throughput quantity per time and/or
• - the setting of the heavy material separator

intended.

In addition to the measurement technology mentioned, in addition to the measurements explicitly mentioned, measurement elements or systems in the field of rotating Parts, the knife, the knife ring, be arranged on the drive (torque absorption, current load).

A subsequent measurement of the chip quality produced can also be used for the control or included in the regulation of the flaker.

Advantageously, it is now also possible to prepare the chipper for the future, possibly even legally prescribed, proportions of waste wood in the raw material for the production of chipboard or chipboard (OSB). The chipper or the controller can, if necessary, react automatically to the amount of waste wood, which is usually mixed with the fresh wood, and suggest sensible settings, especially generated from empirical values, to the operator or set them independently. For example, values can be correlated that relate to the proportion of waste wood in the total amount of material removed in relation to the degree of wear, in order to use this value for future productions.

The invention has surprisingly found that each knife ring behaves differently in a flaker in terms of its throughput and its energy requirement. This depends, among other things, on the state of wear and the selected settings. Since there is no detailed evaluation of performance data, the optimal use remains empirical knowledge. Nevertheless, despite the knowledge above, knife rings are standardized and used as production-independent cutting tools.

In particular, it has been recognized that automated grinding or sharpening systems with optimized removal of the knives to be restored in knife rings optimize wear (after a previous measurement, only as much as necessary is ground off). Depending on the steel quality of the knives, there are also different wear patterns over time, which necessitate earlier replacement or prevent sufficiently high shredding production and quality for the planned period.

In addition to the knives, counter-knives and, if applicable, the clamping plates for the knives, all of which can be subject to wear, there are also wear plates on the inner circumference of the knife rings, which define the knife protrusion and thus the cutting depth as a guide surface, and therefore the chip thickness. Here, too, there is wear that must be checked regularly and reground if necessary, especially in the case of one-sided wear across the width. The need for replacement should also be regularly checked and considered or implemented in terms of control technology.

The invention now makes it possible to correlate the quality or the properties of the material to be machined with the requirements of the current or future production. It is now also possible to optimize the utilization of the cutting device on the basis of the resources with regard to the available tools, possibly also again in correlation with the existing or incoming materials to be machined. For example, machining can be carried out at an early stage with a higher throughput if it is foreseeable in anticipatory production that thicker material plates will therefore require more material per unit of time. Throughput peaks with high wear can be intercepted in good time. The shredder itself and the necessary knife ring are spared, and costly energy peaks are also avoided.

The invention also has the advantage that, based on the combined measurement data, statements can be made about the cutting quality and from what point in time the cut material no longer corresponds to A quality with newly ground tools, but only for the production of material panels of inferior quality or as a filler suitable for high-quality panels. With such a machining management system, the system control can sort the machined material in different bunkers or store it in some other way in order to take account of the planned use.

Needs-based operating modes can now also be set that take the circumstances into account, for example, when the downstream parts of the production plant are at a standstill, it is possible to switch to an energy- and tool-saving operating mode in order to shred material for storage. In an alternative view, however, it is also possible to switch to a demanding maximum throughput if there are bottlenecks in the machined material due to delivery problems or standstills in the processing of the material.

It is now possible to enable intelligent linking or evaluation of the data in the entire system, especially in connection with the machining area. So far, the focus of such efforts was only on the area of forming line, press and finishing and the machining area was regarded as its "own" production island, which was optimized with regard to the wear of the cutting tools. This is now a direct link between Zerspanbe rich or the settings of the chipper and the preparation (screening, gluing), the forming line, the pressing line or the press and the finishing has become possible. In particular, factors of the press parameters or the plate quality can be taken into account in the operation of the machining area or the chipper in terms of machining management in the production of machined material.

• - Messung des Zuführvolumen z.B. über Füllgrad der Vibrationsrinne, Belastung Schneckenlager etc.
• - Messung der Materialverteilung über Sensoren in Messerring
• - Erkennung und Zuordnung der Schneidwerkzeuge bzw. des Messerrings, beispielsweise mit Markierungen oder RFID am Messerring
• - Durchführung einer Online-Spananalyse nach der Zerspanung
• - Druck- oder Volumenmessungen am oder im Zerspaner bzw. der Absaugleitung für den Luftstrom oder im Auswurfkasten der durchströmenden Luft
• - Erfassung/Übermittlung der Schüttdichte, Feuchte, ggfs. automatisiert durch online-Messung im Zerspanbereich
• - Erfassung von Einstellparametern und Verschleißzustand (Messervorstand, Spalt Rotor/MR, Abzugsspalt usw.)
• - Rückpflege von Daten z.B. aus der Aufbereitung der Schneidwerkzeuge (ggfs. eines Schärfroboters, oder eines Lagers für Schneidwerkzeuge oder Zubehör - Klemmplatten, Messerhalter...)
• - Ausstattung frequenzgesteuerter Antriebe zur individuellen Variation der Schnittparameter sowie Erfassung der notwendigen Antriebsströme.

It is advantageous if the following sensors or measuring sensors are introduced in the area of the chipping area or the chipper.

• - Measurement of the feed volume, e.g. via the fill level of the vibrating chute, load on the screw bearings, etc.
• - Measurement of the material distribution via sensors in Messerring
• - Recognition and assignment of the cutting tools or the knife ring, for example with markings or RFID on the knife ring
• - Carrying out an online chip analysis after machining
• - Pressure or volume measurements on or in the chipper or the suction line for the air flow or in the ejection box of the air flowing through
• - Recording/transmission of the bulk density, moisture, if necessary automated by online measurement in the machining area
• - Recording of setting parameters and state of wear (knife protrusion, rotor/MR gap, take-off gap, etc.)
• - Back maintenance of data, e.g. from the preparation of the cutting tools (possibly a sharpening robot, or a warehouse for cutting tools or accessories - clamping plates, knife holders...)
• - Equipment of frequency-controlled drives for the individual variation of the cutting parameters as well as recording the necessary drive currents.

Intelligent acquisition and evaluation of the data could enable optimized operation or be suggested to the operator or set (semi-)automatically.

An intelligent, self-learning control or a control based on algorithms could preferably be provided in a separate exemplary embodiment. Depending on the knife rings and each individual flaker, this can define variable service lives and, for example, adjust throughput and cutting speed. This is particularly advantageous when several chippers are networked and operated in parallel in a large industrial plant.

It has been found that different knife rings in different flakers deliver different results and therefore an advantageous selection, in particular based on past empirical values from previous production runs, of the knife ring/flaker combinations would be advantageous.

Various settings on the chippers used in the area can also be used to optimize the required target chip quality, which in turn can be stored differently via the silos mentioned above.

In a further preferred embodiment, the operators could be given suggestions for adjusting the knife protrusion or tips for changing wearing parts.

Alternatively or cumulatively, data can be exchanged with the preparation of the cutting tools. For example, which knife ring should be sharpened or adjusted with which settings of the knife protrusion, clearance angle and the like. This is particularly advantageous when knife rings or flakers from different manufacturers or from third-party manufacturers with their own operating specifications are arranged in one system.

Continuous data acquisition from the machining area makes it possible to optimize the entire system and, vice versa, to optimize the machining area in return.

The data acquisition can serve as the basis for a self-learning and self-optimizing system. Data and control technology linking of the machining area (hogger) and storage/maintenance (sharpening robot) is possible. At the same time, adaptive maintenance can be introduced or improved. There is also an enormous time saving in data collection and evaluation, e.g. when testing new components.

In particular, various parameters in the chipping area or on the chippers can be controlled, for example the speed of the knife rings, the distribution insert, the air volume in the separator, etc.

The invention understands refurbishment to mean, for example, the restoration of worn knives or knife rings for repeated use. Another processing, specifically in a processing area of a plant for Production of material panels includes the processing of the material, such as chips or fibers, by screening, drying, gluing, dyeing, storage and the like, i.e. the necessary preliminary work to scatter and press the material into a mat.

Further advantageous measures and configurations of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description with the drawings.

The following descriptions are not to be regarded as individual solutions, but also contain general information and solutions to tasks. Individual sentences are to be seen as individual characteristics.

In particular, the controls are not to be understood as final and delimiting. The controls can be implemented on the individual machines and/or in the central control room. The arrangement and implementation or their redundancy will be provided and adapted by a specialist when designing the system or the individual machines.

• 1 einen Schnitt durch eine Zerspanungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung,
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer möglichen Anlage zur Herstellung von Werkstoffplatten, im Wesentlichen von der Zerspanung bis zur Abstapelung mit Darstellung möglicher Steuerungen zur Durchführung eines Zerspanungsmanagements und
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines möglichen Regel- oder Steuerungsaufbaus mit seinen Wirkverbindungen.

Show it:

• 1 a section through a cutting device according to the invention,
• 2 a schematic representation of a possible plant for the production of material panels, essentially from the machining to the stacking with representation of possible controls for the execution of a machining management and
• 3 a schematic representation of a possible rule or control structure with its active connections.

In 1 a chipper 8 with an upstream heavy material separator 4 is shown. Material to be shredded is placed in a feeding device onto a vibrating chute 1 and conveyed by it with the aid of one or more unbalanced motors 2 . The material is guided over a magnetic roller 3 with which ferromagnetic impurities are separated from the material falling from the vibrating chute 1 . The material flow 19 falls into a heavy material separator 4, where it is passed in a cascade-like manner via adjustable baffles 5. A fan 6 introduces an air flow 20 laterally from below into the heavy material separator 4 and redirects it via a guide plate 7 in such a way that the material falling from the guide plates 5 onto the guide plate 7 is pressed upwards along the guide plate 7 . The speed of the air flow 20 is set so that, depending on the specific weight, impurities such as stones or the like cannot be moved upwards by the air flow 20 along the baffle plate 7 but fall out of the heavy material separator 4 . The material is sifted through this air flow and heavy parts are separated. Typically, these baffles 5 and 7 are adjusted once and then left for production. In the course of the invention, however, these should be designed to be adjustable via suitable actuators (not shown).

The material caught by the air stream 20 flowing in from the side is blown into the actual shredder 8 . This shredder 8 has a knife ring 9 which has a multiplicity of knives which stand radially inwards and whose cutting edges extend essentially coaxially to the central axis. The knife ring 9 can either be designed to be stationary or is rotated about its central axis by a corresponding drive (not shown). A rotor 10 is arranged coaxially to this knife ring 9 and is set in rotation by a shaft 11 and a drive (not shown). If necessary, the direction of rotation of this rotor 10 is preferably opposite to the direction of rotation of the knife ring 9. Depending on the chipper, this can also be the other way round.

Radially on the outside, this rotor 10 has rotor blades 12 which extend parallel to the blades of the blade ring 9 and run closely past these blades, so that the rotor blades 12 chip material that is guided past the blades. The chips that are formed in the process are discharged from the chipper 8 through a discharge chute 13 arranged below the knife ring 9 or discharged in some other way and, if necessary, additionally supported by the air flow.

An ejection box (not shown) is preferably provided in the exit area of the chipper, which receives the chips falling down and draws off the air at the top. A pressure measurement or air volume measurement can particularly preferably be carried out here in order to supply the open-loop or closed-loop control with measured values.

In the example shown here, in the central area 14 of the rotor 10 there is an insert 15 in the form of a distribution rotor for the even distribution of the material flow 19 along the blade edges. The insert can be driven via a gear via the central shaft 11 or, as in the exemplary embodiment, has its own motor which drives the insert 15 via its own shaft.

The chipper 8 is divided into different areas. Above is the area Feed A for the material input, which is based on the Invention is provided with additional sensors. The separator B area can also be provided with additional sensors, in particular a scale for the separated material per unit of time, in order to assess the quality of the incoming material. In particular, this can be used to determine or estimate the mineral content in the material, since experience has shown that the separator B area cannot separate out all foreign mineral substances. Based on the amount of foreign matter that has been separated, an initial estimate of the expected wear is conceivable. Also in the area of chipping C and in the area of transport D after the chipper 8, other measuring techniques and adjustment devices are useful. For example, a cyclone for separating dust can be arranged in the transport prior to arrival in the further area of plant E, which cyclone discharges the dust into a bunker 18 before the area of plant E.

According to the invention, the chipper is provided with a controller 17 which is suitable for implementing various operating modes, preferably an energy-saving mode, an operating mode that is minimized or maximized in terms of throughput, a low-wear operating mode and/or an operating mode that affects chip quality. For this purpose, the controller 17 is able to accept and process a multitude of data from the areas A, B, C, D and E. At the same time, it is able to give feedback or control impulses for setting parameters to the same and/or other areas A, B, C, D, E.

In 2 a schematic representation of a possible system 35 for the production of material panels is shown. The depiction of the system essentially ranges from a machining area 40 to stacking 31 in the finishing area after the area of the press section 26 of a press 32. Depending on the application, this machining area can also be longer or larger if coarse choppers or other machining or selective devices would be necessary. Top right is after 3 a schematic representation of possible controls and their active connections for the execution of a cutting management is being considered. The controls can be implemented area-by-area, system-specifically or on the individual machines themselves; these are preferably implemented redundantly with a central control room (not shown) in the system. Cloud-based solutions for documentation or data processing are also conceivable.

If one follows the course of production of a material panel 30 in plant 35, the basic material is first stored, checked and pre-sorted in a wood yard or in silos. As a rule, it is also pre-shredded and then chopped to the specified size in a manner adapted to production in a machining area 40 by means of shredders 8 and fed to a sieve 21, which divides the fractions. The material can then be temporarily stored in bunkers 22 and, if necessary, supplied with glue. In this case, other method steps for processing the material can also be provided. Finally, the material is scattered in a shaping section 25 to form a pressed material mat with one or more spreading devices 24 on a shaping belt 41 and possibly compacted with a pre-press 42 . The pressing then takes place in a press 32 along a pressing section 26 , with a panel strand 28 being transferred from the pressing material mat from the press 32 to the area of final production 27 . There it is divided into material panels 30 with a diagonal saw 29 and stacked in a stacker 31 . In the final production, a transport device 37 connecting the individual machines is usually arranged, usually in the form of a roller carpet or aisle.

The system 35 can also consist of a further large number of devices and areas; for the sake of clarity, only essential and the most common areas have been mentioned. The pressing can also be carried out in a cycle press. It is also not mandatory that a pressed material mat is created on a forming belt if production that works in cycles, for example a multi-daylight press, is provided.

After 3 different controls or areas or individual machines of the system are networked with each other to implement or adapt a comprehensive network. For example, a controller 39 is provided for the machining area 40, in particular for implementing the machining management, which can control a plurality of chippers 8 or their controllers 17. The controllers can also report back data, measured values or the like to the controller 39 in order to set up regulations.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, after 2 in addition to the chippers 8 in the chipping area 40, an optional bearing 34 for the cutting tools, here knife rings 9, is also provided. The knife rings 9 are preferably grouped in the store 34 and transferred to the chipper 8 manually or automatically depending on the required application.

In a further preferred embodiment, preferably with a bearing 34, a maintenance and/or adjustment device for the cutting tools is provided, here a sharpening robot 36. The sharpening robot 36 becomes its own controller (Not shown) for the automated processes, but can at the same time receive instructions via the controller 39 of the chipper management and report back data.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the machining area 3 connected or networked with the controller 33 of the system in order to carry out a predictive production.
For this purpose, a controller 33 is arranged as a type of comprehensive or higher-level controller for the system 35, which is preferably connected to all the different areas, such as the machining area 40 or directly to the local controller 39, the individual controllers 17 of the chipper 8, the bearing 34 and/or or the sharpening robot 36 is operatively connected. The structure and the control structure should be provided as an example, since there are a large number of different solutions as to which controls are arranged where and how in the hierarchy. The information flow design is preferred 3 running vertically and/or horizontally or diagonally, but can also skip steps.

The same applies to the processing area 38 and the individual machines shown there, such as screen 21, bunker 22 and/or gluing 23. Due to the purely schematic representation, transport devices, locks and other operatively connected system parts, for example, are not listed, but can be present and connected to the control system.

In addition, the central controller 33, preferably located in the control room of the system 35, can be operatively connected to the controllers or system parts of the forming section 25, the pressing section 26 and/or the finishing line 27.

Not shown is the data exchange with the quality management that is usually required or the usual laboratory facilities. However, in a further exemplary embodiment, this can be linked to one or more of the proposed features 1623 .

Reference List

1

vibrating chute

2

vibrator

3

magnetic roller

4

heavy material separator

5

baffle

6

fan

7

baffle

8th

chipper

9

knife ring

10

rotor

11

Wave

12

rotor blade

13

chute

14

central area

15

Mission

16

soft

17

steering

18

bunker

19

material flow

20

airflow

21

Sieve

22

bunker

23

gluing

24

spreaders

25

shape range

26

press line

27

finishing

28

plate strand

29

diagonal saw

30

material plate

31

stacking

32

Press

33

Control for 35

34

camp for 9

35

Attachment

36

sharpening robot

37

transport device

38

processing

39

Control (hogger management)

40

machining area

41

form tape

42

pre-press

A

Feeder area

B

Separator area

C

chipper area

D

Transportation area

E

area plant

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 19907415 B4 [0004]
• DE 102015005642 A1 [0004]
• DE 102017004522 A1 [0005]

Claims (23)

Plant for the continuous production of material panels with a press, wherein in the plant (35) there is at least one molding section (25) for creating a pressed material mat, a press (1) for pressing the pressed material mat into a material plate (30) and a finishing line (27) for Stacking (31) with a controller (35) for said parts of the system (35), characterized in that in the system (35) there is a chipping area (40) with a controller (39) and/or at least one chipper ( 8), preferably a Messerringzerspaner, is arranged with a controller (17), wherein the controller (30) of the system (35) with the controller (39) for the cutting area (40) and / or with the controller (17) for the Chipper (7) is operatively connected. plant after claim 1 , characterized in that the controller (17) of the chipper (8) is suitable for implementing at least two operating modes, preferably an energy-saving mode, an operating mode that is minimized or maximized in terms of throughput, a low-wear operating mode and/or an operating mode that affects chip quality. plant after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the controller (30) of the system (35) is suitable for influencing the controller (17, 39) of the chipping area (40) and/or the chipper (8) depending on the current or planned future production . System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chipper (8) is assigned a sharpening robot (36) which is suitable for preparing the cutting tools of the chipper and/or that the chipper (8) has a bearing (34) for Storage of the cutting tools is assigned, preferably for storage or use of cutting tools for different modes of operation. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control (39) is arranged in the system (35) for forming a machining management system, which is preferably suitable for current and/or empirical values from the machining area (40), the area of the Processing (38) and / or a shredder (8) for self-optimization, in particular the various operating modes to process. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a controller (39) is arranged in the machining area (40), which is suitable for current or empirical values from the machining area (40) or a machine (8) in connection with quality features of associated produced To process material panels (30) and in particular to develop or improve proposals for setting the parameters of the system (35) or the machining area (40). Plant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a system is arranged in the plant (35) to form a machining management system, which has at least one device for storing and/or evaluating data, for example the measured values, the parameters and/or which includes operating states, with particularly preferably the data from the machining area (40), a machine (8), an area for preparation (38) of the material, the shaping section (25), the pressing section (26), the press (32), the final production (27) and/or from the quality management for the products, for example laboratory data, are stored and/or evaluated. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in order to form a chipping management system, the cutting tools in the chipping area (40) are marked and read and/or written by appropriate reading and/or writing means when they are used or processed in the system parts, preferably in the chipper (8) , in the warehouse (34) and/or in the sharpening robot (36) are arranged in a recognizable and/or traceable manner. Method for operating a plant for the continuous production of material panels with a press, wherein in the plant (35) a mat of material to be pressed is produced in a molding section (25), this mat is pressed in a press (1) to form a material panel (30) and this is finished in a finishing section (27) are stacked, these parts of the system (35) being operated with a controller (30), characterized in that in the system (35) a chipping area (40) and / or at least one chipper (8), preferably a Knife ring flakers, are controlled by controllers (17, 39) and the controller (30) of the system (35) with the controller (39) for the chipping area (40) and/or with the controller (17) for the chipper (7) is operatively connected. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the chipping area (40) and/or the chipper (8) is switched to different operating modes depending on the production or the system, preferably in an energy-saving mode, an operating mode that minimizes or maximizes the throughput , a low-wear and/or the one mode of operation related to chip quality. Method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the control (30) of the system (35) influences the control (17, 39) of the machining area (40) and/or the Zerspaners (8) takes. Method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the control (30) of the system (35) influences the preparation of the cutting tools of the chipper and/or a store (34) for the Storage of the cutting tools and its selection or use of the cutting tools, preferably for storage or use of cutting tools for different operating modes. Method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that a chipping management is used or carried out which is preferably suitable current and/or empirical values from the chipping area (40), the area of preparation (38) of the material and/or a chipper (8) to process for self-optimization, in particular the various operating modes. Method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that a controller (39) is used in the machining area (40) which is suitable for current or empirical values from the machining area (40) or a machine (8) in connection with quality features of associated produced To process material panels (30) and in particular to develop or improve proposals for setting the parameters of the system (35) or the machining area (40). Method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that in order to carry out machining management, data and measured values are stored, processed and/or evaluated, for example measured values, parameters and/or operating states, with the data from the machining area (40) being particularly preferred a chipper (8), the preparation (38), the forming line (25), the pressing line (26), the press (32), the finishing line (27) and/or from the quality management for the products, for example laboratory data, and /or be evaluated. Method according to one or more of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the cutting tools, the knife rings (9), the flakers (8) and/or the knives are marked and can be clearly registered electronically in relation to one another and/or in relation to their empirical values and/or measurement data, and in the individual system parts such as storage (34), sharpening robots (36) and/or chipper (8) by means of suitable writing and/or reading means by the receiving or delivering individual machines and are suitable for data adaptation/transfer. Shredder with cutting tools for shredding material in the course of the production of material panels, further comprising a feed device for the material, an optional heavy material separator (4), a drive, a discharge device for the shredded material and a controller (17) for the shredder (8) , characterized in that sensors for generating measured values are arranged on the feed device, the heavy material separator (4), on the discharge device and/or for the material itself and these are operatively connected to the controller (17) for evaluating the measured values, with Control or regulation of the chipper (8) the controller (17) is in operative connection with actuators and/or adjustable machine elements on the chipper (8), in particular with the feed device, the heavy material separator (4), the discharge device for the material and/or the drive of the shredder (8). A chipper according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the sensors or adjusting means generating measured values are arranged on the cutting tools and/or on a distribution system for the material to the cutting tools. Shredder according to one of the preceding shredder claims, characterized in that the controller (17) of the or the controller (39) for a large number of shredders (8) is suitable for setting at least two different operating modes, preferably an energy-saving one with minimized throughput or maximized, low-wear, or chip quality mode of operation. Chipper according to one of the preceding chipper claims, characterized in that in the chipper (8) - a weighing device for impurities from the heavy material separator, - a device for determining the types of wood, the mixing ratio and/or the chip sizes before or after the chipper (8), - a device for determining the vibration or noise development on the chipper (8), - a weight or volume measurement in the feed device, - strain gauges in the chipper (8) or on the cutting tools, - sensors on the drive for the tool system - reading and/or Write sensors for electronic features on the cutting tool or knife ring (9), for example RFID, in the chipper (8), in the store (34) and/or in the sharpening robot (36) and/or - pressure or air volume sensors in or on the chipper and/or in Arranged ejection box for the shredded material and if present with the controller (17, 39) are operatively connected. System for exercising machining management in the course of the production of material panels in a plant (35), comprising a data processing device for executing a computer program product for storing and/or evaluating data, data from the machining area (40), a machine (8), the Processing (38), the molding line (25), the pressing line (26), the press (32), the finishing line (27) and/or from the quality management for the products, for example laboratory data, are stored and/or evaluated and, preferably in a predictive or self-learning manner, to control or regulate the production of the installation in relation to the machining area (40). System according to the preceding claim, in that the cutting tools of the chipper (8) are registered and marked and are suitable for being recognized by the store (34), by the maintenance and sharpening system and by the chipper (8). Computer program product for carrying out machining management in the course of the production of material panels in a data processing device in a plant (35), for storing and/or evaluating data, with data from the machining area (40), a machine (8), the preparation (38) , the molding line (25), the pressing line (26), the press (32), the finishing line (27) and/or from quality management for the products, for example laboratory data, are stored and evaluated, preferably in conjunction with self-learning algorithms.

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