DE102016012677A1 - Device and method for bending profiles or bar material, in particular unsymmetrical and open profiles or rod material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (17) and a method for bending profiles or bar material (1), in particular unbalanced and open profiles or rod material (1), comprising bending members (2) which are pivotable relative to one another and receive the profile or bar material (1) hold locally and transfer by means of bending moment introduction locally in a bent configuration. Here, at least two along the bending line (13) of the profile or rod material (1) spaced bending members (2) are fixed to each other and pivotable relative to each other, that a relative pivoting (11) of the bending members (2) to each other, the profile or rod material ( 1) deformed locally bending, wherein along the bending line (13) of the profile or rod material (1) at least partially between the bending members (2) elastically deformable support elements (3, 5, 6) on the outer sides of the profile or rod material (1) arranged fitting are and the relative pivoting (11) of the bending members (2) to each other, the support elements (3, 5, 6) also bends, wherein the support elements (3, 5, 6) supporting the bending profile or rod material (1).

Description

The invention relates to a device for bending profiles or bar material, in particular unbalanced and open profiles or rod material according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 28.

The bending of profiles and bar material is a frequently occurring manufacturing requirement for the production of workpiece blanks or finished products made of profiled starting material. Typically, such bending operations may be performed on profiles and bar stock with conventional form-wound or free-form bending methods, such as e.g. the three-point bending, the three-roll round bending, the Rotationszugbiegen or the Gesenkbiegen be carried out largely error-free. However, there are a variety of profile shapes and rod cross-sections, which can not be bent with conventional form-fitting or free-form bending processes due to various technical and economic reasons, without causing corresponding cross-sectional deformations. Here, in addition to the cross-sectional shape and the material to be reshaped plays a major role.

Depending on the profile shape and bending direction, different cross-sectional deformations (i.a., collapse, bulging and twisting of the profile cross-sections) can occur during the bending forming of profile shapes and rod cross-sections and in particular of thin-walled and asymmetrically loaded profiles, which must be avoided by suitable process design. In addition to the cross-sectional deformations, the formation of wrinkles during free-form bending continues to be a major challenge, so that for these profiles, in general, form-bonded methods are used, which basically have a very limited flexibility. In contrast, free-form (kinematic) bending processes, which are characterized by a low tool binding, allow the bending of profiles with arbitrary curvature and any bending angle. However, these are often limited to the bending of thick-walled profiles and symmetrically loaded cross-sections.

In the prior art, various methods are known to allow the bending in particular of thin-walled and asymmetrically loaded profiles. One possibility is to superimpose a tensile or compressive load on the bending process. The achieved stress superimposition prevents wrinkles, cracks or creases.

Another way to avoid cross-sectional deformations is in the outer or inner support of the profiles to be bent. For example, in free-forming processes additional mold elements are used, which support the Biegegut during forming and are removed after the process. These features are not standardized and vary greatly depending on the manufacturer. For example, enclosing brackets, plastic insert fillers, polyurethane body enclosures and metal sheaths and mounted guides can be used. In addition to the mold elements, closed profiles also use filling media which support the internal cross section (for example quartz sand, ceramic granules, steel balls) and are removed again after the end of the forming process. These fillers can also be contained in the solid state during the deformation in the interior of the profile and made to flow through heating, to be finally removed.

Besides, in form-bonded processes, e.g. During Rotationszugbiegen or Gesenkbiegen, the profiles over the entire surface already supported by the tools. In this case, the tool supports the side walls of the profile, so that a collapse or twist is not possible.

In addition to the formal processes and the free-forming processes with the help of mold elements, the so-called transverse force-free bending processes offer a relevant alternative to reduce or completely avoid cross-sectional distortions.

The rotation of the cross-section in the kinematic or formed bending process (both are not free of lateral force) is basically caused by the fact that the bending plane is not aligned parallel to the symmetry plane of the profile (unbalanced loaded bending). As a result, shear force shear stresses are then caused, which give rise to a torsional moment, which causes the rotation. In order to avoid such a profile twist despite prevailing lateral force and associated shear stresses special countermeasures are made. For example, in the three-roller bending next to the bending rollers other support rollers are used, which hold the profile by the action of an additional transverse force in the plane and thus prevent twisting.

• • Hohe Kosten für formgebundene Werkzeuge
• • Geringe Flexibilität in Hinsicht auf Biegeradius und Biegewinkel
• • Hoher Aufwand und Kosten für die Vorbereitung von Profilen mit Formelementen beim freiformenden Biegen
• • Beeinträchtigung des Grundwerkstoffs und der Oberfläche, wenn Schmelzprozesse zur Stabilisierung des Profils erforderlich sind (z.B. Metallummantelungen oder feste Füllstoffe)
• • Beschränkung der bestehenden Prozessrouten (Verarbeitung von Profilen mit bereits angefügten Rohrenden, Flanschen, etc. in der Regel im Biegeprozess nicht möglich)
• • Keine Richtmöglichkeiten von vorgefertigten Profilbögen im formgebundenen Biegeprozess
• • Keine standardisierten Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Querschnittsverdrehungen, Falten und Knicken beim freiformenden Biegen, Umsetzung durch firmeneigene Lösungen.

The disadvantages of the known prior art are expressed as follows:

• • High costs for molded tools
• • Low flexibility in terms of bending radius and bending angle
• • High costs and costs for the preparation of profiles with free-form bending elements
• • Impairment of the base material and the surface when melting processes are required to stabilize the profile (eg metal sheathing or solid fillers)
• • Limitation of existing process routes (processing of profiles with already attached pipe ends, flanges, etc. usually not possible in the bending process)
• • No straightening options for prefabricated profile sheets in the form-fitting bending process
• • No standardized measures to avoid cross-section distortions, folds and kinks during free-form bending, implementation by company-owned solutions.

To avoid these disadvantages, a number of so-called. Querkraftfreien bending methods have been proposed in which the necessary bending moment is introduced directly via a clamping point in the profile to be bent or the rod to be bent and thus no shear stresses occur.

So will in JP 2013-217829 A the bending moment caused by thrust motors, in WO 2016 001426 A1 by a rotating tool disk with translationally mounted clamping, in US 7017423 B2 and in U.S. Patent 3,026,720 by likewise rotating collets with another drive, in US 8544340 B1 By means of collets, which are driven by combined translatory and rotational movement by a punch, apply a pure bending moment to the sample. The US-PS 3952572 shows relative to each other pivotable clamping body, which clamp the profile to be bent at some points and also not only apply a pure bending moment by the combined pivoting movement, but also allow a continuous advance of the profile. Although a cross-sectional twist in these methods can be avoided by introducing a bending moment, however, these process designs do not allow stabilization of the profile against wrinkling and kinking, so that the achievable bending radii and angles are limited.

As already stated above, the flexible, free-form bending methods are limited to the bending of thick-walled and symmetrically loaded profile cross-sections and the bending of narrow radii is hereby generally not feasible. Nevertheless, to produce the production of the corresponding profiles in small numbers with a standardized process, there is a corresponding need for development.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method in which profiles and bar materials of any type and cross-section can be flexibly bent such that bend-typical, but undesirable, cross-sectional deformations, e.g. the collapse or twisting of profiles, be prevented.

The solution of the object of the invention results in terms of the method of the characterizing features of claim 1 and in terms of the device from the features of claim 28 in each case in cooperation with the features of the associated preamble. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a device for bending profiles or bar material, in particular unbalanced and open profiles or rod material, comprising mutually pivotable bending members which receive the profile or rod material and hold punctually and transfer locally by means of bending moment introduction into a curved configuration. Such a generic device is further developed in that at least two along the bending line of the profile or rod material spaced bending members are fixed to each other and pivotable relative to each other that a relative pivoting of the bending members to each other deforms the profile or rod material bending locally, wherein along the Bending line of the profile or rod material at least partially elastically deformable support elements are arranged on the outer sides of the profile or rod material between the bending elements and the relative pivoting of the bending members to each other, the support elements also bends, wherein the support elements support the bending profile or rod material. The bending device usually includes a plurality of pivotally interconnected bending members. In principle, the bending geometry of the profile or bar material to be produced is defined by the relative orientation of the bending elements relative to one another. The individual bending members can be pivoted relative to each other with a defined torque or a defined pivot angle to each other, whereby the bending device thus formed gains a high degree of flexibility, as along the axis of the profile or rod material with only one set of bending elements different bending radii and bending angles can be adjusted can. It is therefore also a kinematic bending process. Through the use of a plurality of successively arranged bending members in combination with the profile or bar material on the outside supporting and elastically mitverformten support elements eg consisting of layered leaf springs can be in the profile or rod material achieve a defined torque introduction. It is important that in principle by the pivoting of the bending members locally a bending moment at the point of the pivoted Bending members is initiated by transverse forces, which continues to a different point in the device constantly and is discharged there by a mirror-inverted employment of the bending members. Due to the elastically bendable support elements a molded bending is possible, which is otherwise achieved only with rigid tools. The support elements prevent the otherwise undesirable deformations occurring during the bending of such profiles or such rod material, since the profiles or the rod material may possibly also be multiaxially supported on the support elements and therefore be supported during the bending. Therefore, the device according to the invention is also particularly suitable for the bending of thin-walled profiles that are sensitive to kinking and wrinkling or require a special temperature with simultaneous support during molding. In addition, the method is very well suited for the subsequent correction of already generated curvatures, since the bending apparatus can assume arbitrarily curved initial states.

In a first conceivable further development, such a number of bending members are fixed to each other that the profile or bar material is supported substantially along the entire length of its bending line of bending members. Such a number and arrangement of bending members will always be preferable if the profile or bar material is to be bent along the entire length or is so unstable due to its material or cross-section that support of the profile or bar material over the entire length is required.

In this case, in a further embodiment, the number of bending members depending on the length of the profile or rod material to be bent and the bending curves to be taken and the changes of these bending curvatures can be selected. The smaller the bending curvatures, and thus the greater the change of bending curvatures along the bending line, the smaller the bending members must be and the higher their number, e.g. to allow small bending radii. Conversely, in the case of large bending radii, the number of bending members can be selected smaller and their spacing possibly larger.

In another embodiment, such a number of bending members may be secured together and arranged so that the profile or rod material is supported along only at least a portion of its bending line of flexure members. Should e.g. In the case of a profile or bar material, only one curved section is produced, the number and the arrangement of the bending elements along the bending line can also be selected accordingly and provided only where the bending is to be carried out. The other sections of the profile or bar material need no support by the bending members.

It is particularly advantageous if the bending members have holding devices for receiving the profile or bar material to be bent. In particular, if the holding devices are formed like a pliers and the profile or bar material opposite to the profile or bar material attacking receive between them and hold during bending, a secure receiving and supporting the profile or bar material can be realized during bending. It is also conceivable that the holding devices take the profile or rod material clamping between them and take over the task of positioning relative to the pivotable bending members securing the definition of the profile or rod material relative to the Biegelieder.

It is particularly advantageous if the bending members are fixed to one another such that the desired bending line of the profile or rod material can be adjusted by relative pivoting of the sequence of the bending members relative to one another along the bending line. The type of determination of the bending members and thus the relative mobility of the bending elements to one another determines the achievable bending operations. In the simplest case, when the bending members are fixed to each other via a simple two-dimensional pivoting mechanism, such as a hinge, bending of the profile or bar material in a plane becomes possible. However, in another embodiment, it is also conceivable that the bending members are fixed to each other pivotally to each other so that the desired bending of the profile or rod material can be made three-dimensionally curved.

In any case, however, the relative pivoting movements should be controlled driven between the bending members, so that the relative pivoting can be performed and controlled automatically by a defined angle or with a defined pivoting moment. Thus, the pivoting movements of each bending member are independent of the other bending members controllable. As drives for these pivotal movements of the individual bending members are electrical or pneumatic or hydraulic or mechanical drives in question, possibly via transmission, translation, lever or the like. The bending members pivot relative to each other.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the bending members and the holding devices are arranged on a base body. Such a basic body can on the one hand receive the necessary bearings for the bending members and the holding devices, on the other hand but also, preferably on a base plate, against the environment of the device support. Since the Relativverschwenkung the benders to each other causes a chain-like coupled, planar or spatial movement of the bending members, the reaction forces must be supported and discharged to this pivoting movement and the bending of the profile or rod material. In the case of two-dimensional bending operations, for example, this can be done by placing the bending members on a solid base such as a base plate.

Of particular advantage with regard to the support of the profile or rod material is when the support elements are so formed and elastically deformable that they support the profile or rod material in at least one spatial direction in the deformation of the profile or rod material and prevent unwanted bending errors. The support elements in the present invention have two purposes, namely on the one hand to ensure a continuous bending line between the individual bending members and on the other hand, the support of the profile or bar material in carrying out the bending operations. For the first purpose, the support elements extend at least between two adjacent Biegelieder and are connected to the flexures, e.g. clamped with the holding devices. In general, however, the support elements preferably extend over several or all bending members. By virtue of this configuration, the elastically deformable support elements ensure that the bending of the profile or bar material takes place with a continuously formed bending line, which means that the bending line has no kinks or other irregularities which one normally wants to avoid during bending. On the other hand, the profile or bar material can at least partially be supported on these support elements extending along the bending line during the execution of the bending operation by the relative pivoting of the bending elements, whereby unacceptable deformations of the profile or bar material can be reduced or avoided altogether. Since the support elements also bend, but elastically bend due to their inherent elasticity in the pivoting of the bending members and this bend is equal to the desired bending of the profile or bar material, the profile or bar material remains supported during the entire execution of the bending by the bending members. In the simplest case of a two-dimensional plane bending operation, this support can take place in a spatial direction, for example by the support elements being formed as leaf spring-like elements and on the outer surface of the profile or rod material fitting. Thus, the profile or rod material can be supported exactly in the direction of the bend on the leaf spring-like support elements.

However, it is also conceivable that a plurality of support elements are arranged along the bending line of the profile or bar material so as to support the profile or bar material in more than one spatial direction during the deformation of the profile or bar material, e.g. first support members are disposed along the bending line of the profile or rod material so as to support the profile or rod material in a spatial direction, and second support members are disposed along the bending line with a perpendicularly oriented supporting action. As a result, profiles or bar material can be supported even in spatial bends in two or more spatial directions, so that the bend can be performed accurately and without undue bending errors. Also, the support elements may be e.g. be loaded by compressive forces and thus bring a bias in the profile to be bent.

Furthermore, the support elements may have one or more individual bodies, wherein when using a plurality of individual bodies, the plurality of individual bodies may form a composite. By using a plurality of individual bodies, from which the support elements are formed, the flexibility and thus the support of the profile to be bent by the use of individual or even more individual body can be flexibly adjusted.

In an advantageous embodiment, e.g. Depending on the bending forces that occur in the support of the profiles or the rod material so also on the support elements, a plurality of leaf spring-like formed individual body are arranged in a packet-like layered to form a support element. This can be achieved exactly where there is a high support resistance by the nature and thickness of the stratification of the leaf spring-like support elements, where it is needed and also large acting from the bending of the profile or rod material forces are securely supported.

It is also conceivable that the support elements are wire-like, tubular or tubular or accept the support elements formed from one or more individual bodies global wire-like, tubular or tubular form and thereby the forces from the bending operation of the profile or rod material are securely supported in all spatial directions , Wire-like support elements may e.g. advantageously provide support for three-dimensional bending operations by orienting the wires in accordance with the bending deformation.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the support elements have at least one additional sliding layer and / or separating layer which bears against the surface of the profile or rod material and / or the sliding movement between the profile and the supporting element and / or of supporting elements formed from individual bodies with each other. Since relative movements between the support element and profile or eg between the support elements formed of leaf springs between the individual leaf springs can be improved by such a sliding layer and / or separating layer, the relative movement between the profile and support element or between the leaf springs of the support element or dei surface of the Profiles not damaged.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that a feed device applies a feed force in the direction of the course of the bending members or the bending line on the profile or rod material to be bent and so, matched to the movements of the actual bending operations with the bending members, the profile or rod material through the chain Promotes bending members through. Here, in a conceivable embodiment, the feed device can be arranged at the inlet of the profile or rod material in the arrangement of the bending members and exert a sliding effect on the profile or bar material to be bent, but it is also conceivable that the feed device at the outlet of the profile or rod material the arrangement of the bending members is arranged and exerts a pulling effect on the profile or bar material to be bent. The choice of arrangement depends primarily on the resistance of the profile or bar material against tension or pressure, i. labile profiles or rod material are usually pulled through the bending members, more stable profiles or rod material can also be pushed through. In this case, the bending members along the bending line of the profile or bar material to be bent should, in synchronism with the action of the feed device, assume their configuration deformed along the bending line, i. the feed device always works in the breaks of the actual bending operations.

Of particular advantage for the production of fiber-reinforced plastic profiles is when the device is arranged in the outlet region of a conventional pultrusion plant for producing fiber-reinforced plastic profiles and deforms the plastic profile by means of the arrangement of the bending members prior to solidification of the fiber-reinforced plastic profile and cured. As a result, the pultrusion technique known per se can be extended even for the open and less resistant profiles that can be produced with the device according to the invention. Such profiles can be prepared by the use of the device according to the invention with almost any bends, when the fiber reinforced plastic profiles produced in the pultrusion subsequently introduced directly into the device according to the invention, there bent accordingly and held in the bent state to possibly temperature-controlled curing. This greatly expands the possible range of shapes produced by pultrusion-based fiber-reinforced plastic profiles.

The invention further relates to a method for bending profiles or rod material, in which the profiles or the rod material are introduced into mutually pivotable bending members which receive the profile or rod material and selectively hold and locally transferred by bending moment introduction in a curved configuration. In this way, according to the invention, at least two bending members spaced apart from each other along the bending line of the profile or rod material pivot relative to one another and the profile or rod material is locally bent by means of the relative pivoting of the bending members, elastically deformable supporting elements arranged at least in sections between the bending members Pivoting the bending members to each other are also mitgebogen and the support elements thereby support the bending profile or rod material. Reference is made in this connection to the properties and advantages of the device described above, which of course also apply to the method according to the invention. Finally, the curvature of profiles with almost any desired profile cross-section geometries (symmetrical, asymmetrical, open, closed) can be adjusted flexibly along the profile by means of the described bending method with kinematic mode of action.

It is particularly advantageous if the profile or bar material to be bent is introduced into the bending members in the undeformed or pre-deformed state and the bending members are subsequently brought into the end-deformed configuration along the bending line simultaneously or successively. As a result, a kind of kinematic chain of the bending members due to the independent pivotability of each bending member at the same time on all Biegegliedern or in temporal / spatial coordination of individual bending members perform the bending deformation of the profile or rod material, whereby a wide variability and technological adaptability of the bending operations can be guaranteed. In this case, the bending members are pivoted independently of each other with a predetermined torque and / or a predetermined angle to each other, so that, if necessary, at each bending member different bending parameters for the local bending of the profile or rod material can be adjusted.

The secure support of the profile or bar material in the bending deformation is ensured by the fact that at the bending members arranged holding devices form opposite local receptacles for the profile or rod material. These holding elements virtually form the contact surfaces for the profile or bar material within the bending members and position the profile or bar material relative to the bending member.

It is particularly advantageous if the support elements are designed and elastically deformed such that they support the profile or rod material in at least one spatial direction during the deformation of the profile or rod material and prevent unwanted bending errors. As a result, a synchronous mitverformende support during the bending process of the profile or rod material is provided, which abuts the profile or rod material at each intermediate stage of bending and this supported so that only the desired bending deformations are caused, but not unwanted bending deformations such as wrinkles, Collapse or the like

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the profile or bar material to be bent is gradually introduced into the bending members and conveyed between the bending members. Such a quasi-continuous operation increases the yield and thus the efficiency of the method according to the invention.

For this purpose, in a further embodiment, a feed device to apply to the profile or bar stock to be bent a feed force in the direction of the bending line and thus promote the profile or rod material through the kinematic chain of the bending members, if it is ensured that the bending members along the bending line of the profile to be bent or rod material in synchronism with the action of the feed device take its deformed along the bending line configuration.

However, it is also conceivable that the profile or bar material to be bent is simultaneously inserted into all bending members and completely deformed in only one bending operation.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that a hollow profile or rod material to be bent is additionally supported in the interior during the bending deformation, in order, for example, to be deformed in the interior. to prevent a collapse of the profile even better.

In addition, it is particularly advantageous if the profile or bar material to be bent in the heated state, preferably heated by indirect heating by means of electrical resistance heating or heating by infrared radiation or heating in an oven or the direct heating of electrically conductive materials by Joule'sche Losses, being deformed. By controlling the temperature of the profile or bar material, the bending resistance of the profile or bar material can be positively influenced in a positive manner, so that the forming of special materials is only possible or particularly favorable.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that the profile or bar material to be bent after the forming in the heated state is selectively cooled in order to influence the permanent material properties of the profile or bar material, in particular the hardness and / or elasticity.

It is particularly advantageous if metallic materials or plastics are deformed as the material of the profile or bar material to be bent. However, it is also conceivable that fiber-reinforced, in particular thermosetting plastics are deformed as the material of the profile or bar material to be bent, which in the outlet region of a conventional pultrusion system by means of the arrangement of the bending members before the solidification of the fiber-reinforced plastic strand in a deformed configuration and in the arrangement of Bending links are cured.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in the drawing.

• 1a-1d - einen grundsätzlichen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in verschiedenen Ansichten mit Darstellung der relativen Verschwenkbarkeit der an einem Profil angeordneten Biegeglieder und den Stützelementen,
• 2a-2e - Aufbau der Biegeglieder und deren Verschwenkeinrichtungen sowie Darstellung der Reihung einer Anzahl von Biegegliedern zur Aufnahme eines zu biegenden Profils,
• 3a-3d - Darstellung einer Reihung einer Anzahl von Biegegliedern mit darin angeordneten zu biegenden rechteckigem Profil in einer schon gebogenen Konfiguration sowie zwei Biegestadien,
• 4a-4b - Darstellung einer Reihung einer Anzahl von Biegegliedern mit darin angeordnetem, zu biegendem L-Profil in einer gebogenen Konfiguration,
• 5a-5e - Darstellung einer Reihung einer Anzahl von Biegegliedern mit darin angeordnetem, zu biegendem L-Profil in der geraden Ausgangskonfiguration und in einer gebogenen Konfiguration sowie in einer Explosionsdarstellung,
• 6a-6c - Darstellung von verschiedenen Biegekonfigurationen von gebogenen Profilen mit Darstellung der Orientierung der Reihung der Biegeglieder und gebogener Konfiguration der Stützelemente,
• 7a-7b - Beispiel eines ersten komplex dreidimensional gebogenen U-Profils mit Darstellung der Orientierung der Reihung der Biegeglieder,
• 8a-8c - Beispiel eines weiteren komplex dreidimensional gebogenen U-Profils mit Darstellung der Orientierung der Reihung der Biegeglieder,
• 9 - Darstellung einer Reihung einer Anzahl von Biegegliedern mit darin angeordnetem, zu biegendem U-Profil in einer gebogenen Konfiguration ohne Stützelemente,
• 10 - Darstellung des Einsatzes einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung an einer konventionellen Pultrusionsanlage zur Herstellung von komplex gebogenen faserverstärkten Kunststoffprofile.

Show it:

• 1a - 1d a basic structure of a device according to the invention in various views, showing the relative pivotability of the bending elements and the supporting elements arranged on a profile,
• 2a - 2e Construction of the bending members and their pivoting devices and representation of the sequence of a number of bending members for receiving a profile to be bent,
• 3a - 3d Representation of a series of bending members with arranged therein to be bent rectangular profile in an already bent configuration and two bending stages,
• 4a - 4b Representation of a series of bending members with therein to be bent L-profile in a bent configuration,
• 5a - 5e Representation of a series of bending members with therein to be bent L-profile in the straight initial configuration and in a curved configuration and in an exploded view,
• 6a - 6c Representation of different bending configurations of curved profiles, showing the orientation of the sequence of bending elements and curved configuration of the supporting elements,
• 7a - 7b Example of a first complex three-dimensionally curved U-profile with representation of the orientation of the sequence of bending members,
• 8a - 8c Example of another complex three-dimensionally bent U-profile with representation of the orientation of the sequence of bending members,
• 9 Representation of a series of bending members with therein to be bent U-profile in a curved configuration without support elements,
• 10 - Representation of the use of a device according to the invention in a conventional pultrusion plant for the production of complex bent fiber-reinforced plastic profiles.

In the 1 is an illustration of the basic structure of the device according to the invention 17 in different views showing the relative pivotability 11 the profile shown cut and opened 1 arranged with rectangular cross-section bending members 2 and horizontal outer support elements 3 to recognize. The profile shown here only as an exemplary example with a rectangular cross-section 1 is doing with the help of bending members 2 subjected to a bending operation in the manner described below.

This is the structure of the device 17 to describe as follows. The individual bending members 2 have one in the 1b better recognizable base element 10 on, which is slidably supported with its lower surface, for example on a plate, not shown, or the like. On the base element 10 are two opposite and thus in the side area to the profile 1 arranged, pincer-actuated Halteelenente 9 to recognize, in the opening or closing direction 8th on the profile 1 drive or profile 1 can drive away. For this purpose, a non-illustrated drive is used. This allows the pincer-like holding elements 9 to the outer walls of the profile 1 be approached.

Between the holding elements 10 and the profile 1 are along the bending links 2 , about at least two bending links 2 extending away, leaf spring-like outer support elements 3 arranged. These outer support elements 3 consist of a variable number of individual leaf spring-like, elastically deformable metal strips, for example, a spring steel wire stacked to packages between the holding elements 10 and the profile 1 can be inserted. Usually these packages extend from outer support elements 3 not only over a length between two adjacent bending members 2 but along all or at least substantial parts of the length of the device 17 , Here are the outer support elements 3 to support the bending profile 1 during the bending deformation and for the defined transmission of the bending forces of the bending members 2 on the profile 1 ,

In addition to the lateral support of the profile 1 through the outer support elements 3 The profile can also on the upper side by a vertical support element 6 be supported, here also from a stack of leaf spring-like formed vertical outer support elements 6 exists and a not shown adjusting device in the adjustment 7 relative to the top of the profile 1 positioned or even at the top of the profile 1 can be pressed. Through the vertical outer support element 6 can cause unwanted shape changes of the profile 1 be prevented in this vertical direction. It should be noted that the stack alignment of the outer support element 6 another is the stack alignment of the horizontal outers 3 , On the underside of the support of the profile 1 through the overlay on the base element 10 ,

Also, for example, a hollow profile 1 be supported within the hollow cross-section, also by a stack of leaf spring-like formed inner support elements 5 in the hollow profile 1 is introduced, which also by the relative pivoting 11 the Biegelieder 2 can be bent with. This type of additional support is in addition to fragile hollow sections 1 also for the support of open profiles 1 conceivable with non-regular cross-sections, so that such profiles 1 over the entire surface of the horizontal outer support elements 3 can support such as in the 4a and 4b even better to recognize.

The sequence of the individual bending members 2 is in mutually pivotable way to each other in a manner reminiscent of a spine. In each case there is between two adjacent bending members 2 a pivotable rotary joint 4 , the as shown here in the simplest case as a hinge 4 is trained. This allows the bending members 2 in this hinge 4 around an axis 12 in the direction of pivoting 11 twist each other. Is this the profile 1 in the manner described below in the arrangement of the bending members 2 inserted, so will the profile 1 through this relative pivoting 11 adjacent bending members 2 locally bent, resulting in the sum of the swings 11 all bending links 2 then to a bend of the profile 1 along the desired bending line 13 leads.

The relative pivoting 11 adjacent bending members 2 to each other is by drive means, not shown, for example, an electric motor drive or the like., Running and controlled, so that the pivot angle and / or the torque in the relative pivoting 11 adjacent bending members 2 can be automatically controlled and controlled.

The horizontal outer support elements 3 are at this relative pivoting 11 adjacent bending members 2 on the two opposite outer sides of the profile 1 between the recesses 20 in the holding elements 9 and the profile 1 arranged and support the profile 1 in the bending deformation described above. This can otherwise occur, especially for open and thin-walled profiles 1 frequently occurring impermissible changes in shape such as wrinkling, collapsing, twisting, etc. are reliably prevented, since the bending members 2 and the outer support elements 3 the profile 1 surround and support. In addition, by the relative pivoting 11 adjacent bending members 2 and their automated executable pivoting 11 a high degree of flexibility with regard to the shaping of the producible bending line 13 be achieved, with the bend line 13 of course, with a suitable embodiment of the device 17 can also be three-dimensional.

In the 2a to 2c is in an enlarged view again better the detailed structure of the bending members 2 and their Verschwenkeinrichtungen 4 as well as in the 2d and 2e the representation of the sequence of a number of bending members 2 for receiving a profile to be bent 1 and the assignment of the bending members 2 to the outer support elements 3 to recognize.

One recognizes once again better the basically C-shaped structure of the pliers-like movable holding elements 9 , which has a receiving channel for the profile, not shown here 1 form. The bending members 2 are spaced from each other relatively pivotable to each other via the swivel joints 4 on the base element 10 chain-like connected to each other and can be from the straight configuration in two directions defined relative to each pivot. Upper side of the base element 10 are on each bender 2 support elements 14 arranged on which the profile 1 rests when it is in through the benders 2 formed receiving channel is introduced. In the area of recesses 20 in the pincer-like holding elements 9 are storages 15 for the outer support elements 3 arranged for the safe determination and guidance of in 2e recognizable outer support elements 3 on the pliers-like holding elements 9 serve. The outer support elements 3 are for simplicity in the longitudinal direction of the arrangement of the bending members 2 in through the benders 2 inserted receiving channel inserted. Important with regard to the storage of the outer support elements 3 in the pincer-like holding elements 9 is that different types of storage of the outer support elements 3 to fulfill this function can be applied, with a translational movement possibility of the outer support elements 3 relative to the pincer-like holding elements 9 must be maintained in the direction of the profile longitudinal axis.

In the 3a and 3b Now we can see a representation of a sequence of a number of bending members 2 according to 2 with arranged therein to be bent rectangular profile 1 in an already curved configuration in a spatial view ( 3a ) and in a subview ( 3b ), in which the relatively pivoted position of the bending members 2 is particularly easy to recognize. In the 3c and 3d are two different bending stages in the course of the bending deformation of the rectangular profile 1 to recognize.

The 4a and 4b show in two spatial views the representation of a series of a number of bending members 2 with L-profile 1 to be bent therein in a bent configuration. You can see very clearly the stack-like layering of the leaf-shaped outer support elements 3 for lateral support of the L-shaped profile 1 , as well as the stack-like layering of the leaf-shaped inner support elements 5 for pressing the outer support elements 3 on the vertical leg of the L-shaped cross section of the profile 1 , These inner support elements 5 are advantageously used in asymmetrical profile cross sections to a two-sided pressing of the outer support elements 3 to individual legs of the profile 1 as here the vertical leg of the L-shaped profile 1 to realize.

The 5a to 5d show in a spatial view and a side view the representation of a series of a number of bending members 2 with L-profile 1 to be bent in the straight initial configuration ( 5a . 5b ) and in a bent configuration ( 5c . 5d ) as well as in a partial exploded view ( 5e ) of the bent configuration according to 5d , Here you can see very clearly the design of the inner support elements 5 for lateral guidance and support parallel to the vertical leg of the L-shaped profile 1 to be used.

The 6a to 6c show in each case a plan view of the representation of different bending configurations of the bending members 2 of undulating, S-shaped and angled curved profiles 1 With Representation of the respective orientation of the sequence of bending members 2 and the correspondingly curved configuration of the outer support elements 3 ,

In the 7 and 8th are two examples of three-dimensional curved profiles 1 to recognize, with a not shown three-dimensional adjustment between the bending members 2 can be generated. This show the 7a and 7b an example of a first complex three-dimensionally curved U-profile 1 with representation of the orientation of the sequence of some selected bending members 2 , It can be seen that even small bending radii of the U-shaped profile 1 possible are. The 8a to 8c show another example of a complex three-dimensionally curved U-profile 1 showing the orientation of the sequence of some selected bending members 2 , A corresponding device 17 for three-dimensional bending based as the device 17 for two-dimensional bending on bending members 2 facing each other by a pivotable mounting of the bending members 2 formed around two spatial axes instead of a spatial axis (see.

According to 9 may be an inventive arrangement of bending members 2 also be used to create a rectangular profile 1 to bend without the support elements 3 be arranged on the bending members. In this case, the bending members pivot 3 in the manner already described relative to each other and transmit a corresponding bending moment on the profile 1 , Between the bending elements 2 can the profile 1 unsupported and free to bend. The advantage here is the respective local bending of the profile 1 by the bending chain of the bending members 2 , which, because of the usually high number of bending members 2 a very accurate bend of the profile 1 can be achieved.

The 10 shows a purely schematic functional diagram, according to which a device according to the invention 17 in the area of the outlet of a conventional pultrusion plant 18 is arranged and in the pultrusion plant 18 manufactured fiber reinforced plastic profiles 1 at the exit of the pultrusion plant 18 from the device 17 taken over and bent in the manner described. After bending, the bent profiles still remain in the device until the temperature-controlled plastic profile, for example, via a tempering unit (not shown) 1 was cured and thus remains stable in the bent configuration. The promotion of the profile 1 through the pultrusion plant 18 and the device 17 can do this with the help of a feed device 19 take the strand of the profile 1 through the pultrusion plant 18 and the device 17 pulls through. As a result, the producible shape spectrum of pultrusively produced fiber-reinforced plastic profiles 1 be greatly expanded and improved on almost any curved profiles, with a conventional pultrusion line 18 so far could not be produced. As a result, the production of thermosetting fiber-reinforced plastic profiles is possible, which can be made at the time only as a straight profile or profile with a constant curvature.

• • definiertes Biegeverfahren mit Vorzügen wie torsionslose Biegung
• • Abstützung von deformationsempfindlichen Querschnitten durch formgebundenes Wirkprinzip
• • Anwendung von Übergangszonen, kein scharfer Übergang von einer Profilkrümmung zum nächsten Wert, dadurch auch für architektonische/ künstlerische Zwecke interessant
• • Anwendung des zyklischen Biegens mit Vor- und Rückbiegen zur Steigerung der Präzision
• • Sehr flexibles Biegeverfahren mit geringen Werkzeugkosten
• • Nachjustieren bereits gebogener Profile und Rohre möglich
• • Neuordnung der Prozesskette durch die Verarbeitung von gefügten bzw. bearbeiteten Strukturen (z.B. Zusammenbau, Flansche, etc. können am Biegegut bereits gefügt sein) möglich
• • Gebogene CFK-Profile flexibel herstellbar, indem im gespannten Zustand durch Temperatur ausgehärtet wird (Widerstandserwärmung ist denkbar)
• • Warmumformung und Härten von hochfesten Stählen und Leichtmetallen.

The main advantages of the device according to the invention 17 and the method according to the invention are listed again below:

• • Defined bending process with advantages such as torsion-free bending
• • Support of deformation-sensitive cross-sections by means of a molded action principle
• • Application of transition zones, no sharp transition from one profile curvature to the next value, thus also interesting for architectural / artistic purposes
• • Application of cyclic bending with forward and backward bending to increase precision
• • Very flexible bending process with low tooling costs
• • Readjustment of already bent profiles and pipes possible
• • Reorganization of the process chain through the processing of joined or machined structures (eg assembly, flanges, etc. may already be joined to the material to be bent)
• • Curved CFRP profiles can be flexibly produced by curing in the tensioned state by means of temperature (resistance heating is conceivable)
• • Hot forming and hardening of high strength steels and light metals.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 -

Profile or rod material

2 -

bender

3 -

horizontal outer support element

4 -

swivel

5 -

Internal support elements

6 -

vertical outer support element

7 -

Adjustment direction vertical outer support element

8th -

Adjustment direction support elements

9 -

retaining elements

10 -

base element

11 -

pivoting

12 -

Swivel flexure

13 -

elastic line

14 -

support elements

15 -

Storage outer support element

16 -

print elements

17 -

contraption

18 -

pultrusion

19 -

Zugapparat

20 -

Recesses for support elements

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• JP 2013217829 A [0011]
• WO 2016001426 A1 [0011]
• US 7017423 B2 [0011]
• US 3,026,720 [0011]
• US 8544340 B1 [0011]
• US 3952572 [0011]

Claims (41)

Device (17) for bending profiles or bar material (1), in particular unbalanced and open profiles or rod material (1), comprising mutually pivotable bending members (2) which receive the profile or rod material (1) and hold punctually and locally by means of bending moment introduction a curved configuration, characterized in that at least two along the bending line (13) of the profile or rod material (1) spaced from each other bending members (2) are fixed to each other and pivotable relative to each other, that a relative pivoting (11) of the bending members ( 2) to each other, the profile or rod material (1) deformed locally bending, along the bending line (13) of the profile or rod material (1) at least partially between the bending members (2) elastically deformable support elements (3, 5, 6) on the outer sides of the Profils or rod material (1) are arranged adjacent and the relative pivoting (11) of the Bending members (2) to each other, the support elements (3, 5, 6) also bends, wherein the support elements (3, 5, 6), the bending profile or rod material (1) are supported. Device (17) according to Claim 1 characterized in that such a number of bending members (2) are fixed to each other that the profile or bar material (1) is supported substantially along the entire length of its bending line (13) of bending members (2). Device (17) according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the number of bending members (2) is dependent on the length of the profile or bar material to be bent (1) and the bending curves to be made and the changes of these bending curvatures. Device (17) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that such a number of bending members (2) are fixed to each other and arranged so that the profile or bar material (1) is supported only along at least a portion of its bending line (13) of bending members (2). Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending members (2) holding means (9) for receiving the profile or bar material (1) to be bent. Device (17) according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the holding means (9) are formed like tongs and the profile or bar material (1) opposite to the profile or bar material (1) attackingly record between them and store during bending. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending members (2) are mutually pivotally fixed to each other such that by relative pivoting of the sequence of bending members (2) to each other along the bending line (13) the desired bending line (13 ) of the profile or bar material (1) is adjustable. Device (17) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the bending members (2) via a pivot mechanism (4), in particular a rotary joint (4) fixed to one another and controlled driven are rotatable. Device (17) according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the bending members (2) are mutually pivotally fixed to each other, that the desired bending of the profile or rod material (1) can be made three-dimensionally curved. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relative pivoting (11) adjacent to each other along the bending line (13) arranged bending members (2) is adjustable by each separately controllable drives. Device (17) according to Claim 10 , characterized in that the drives for relative pivoting (11) of the bending members (2) pivot electrically or pneumatically or hydraulically or mechanically to each other. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending members (2) are mutually independently pivotable with a predetermined torque and / or a predetermined angle to each other. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending members (2) and the holding means (9) are arranged on a base body (10). Device (17) according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the base body (10), preferably on a base plate, relative to the environment of the device (17) is supported. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (3, 5, 6) are formed and elastically deformable so that they the profile or rod material (1) in at least one spatial direction during the deformation of the profile or rod material (1) support and prevent unwanted bending errors. Device (17) according to Claim 15 , characterized in that a plurality of support elements (3, 5, 6) are arranged along the bending line (13) of the profile or bar material (1) so that they the profile or rod material (1) in more than one spatial direction in the deformation of the profile or rod material (1) support. Device (17) according to Claim 16 , characterized in that first support elements (3) are arranged along the bending line (13) of the profile or bar material (1), that they support the profile or bar material (1) in a spatial direction, and second support elements (6) with a vertical aligned supporting effect along the bending line (13) are arranged. Device (17) according to Claim 15 , characterized in that the support elements (3, 5, 6) have one or more individual bodies, wherein when using a plurality of individual bodies, the plurality of individual bodies form a composite. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (3, 5, 6) are formed like a leaf spring and extend at least between two adjacent bending members (2), preferably over the entire length of the bending line (13). Device (17) according to Claim 19 , characterized in that a plurality of leaf spring-like design support elements (3, 5, 6) are arranged in a packet-like layered. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (3, 5, 6) are wire-like, tubular or tubular or formed from one or more individual bodies supporting elements (3, 5, 6) global wire-like, tubular or take tubular shape. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support elements (3, 5, 6) have at least one additional sliding layer and / or separating layer, which rests against the surface of the profile or rod material (1) and / or the sliding movement between profile (1) and support element (3, 5, 6) and / or formed from individual bodies supporting elements (3, 5, 6) with each other. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a feed device (19) applies a feed force in the direction of the bending line (13) to the profile or bar material (1) to be bent. Device (17) according to Claim 23 , characterized in that the feed device (19) at the inlet of the profile or rod material (1) in the arrangement of the bending members (2) is arranged and exerts a pushing action on the profile or rod material to be bent (1). Device (17) according to Claim 23 , characterized in that the feed device (19) at the outlet of the profile or rod material (1) from the arrangement of the bending members (2) is arranged and exerts a pulling effect on the profile or rod material to be bent (1). Device (17) according to one of Claims 21 to 25 , characterized in that the bending members (2) along the bending line (13) of the profile or bar material (1) to be bent in synchronism with the action of the feed device (19) along their bending line (13) deformed configuration. Device (17) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (17) in the outlet region of a conventional pultrusion plant (18) for producing fiber-reinforced plastic profiles is arranged and the plastic profile (1) by means of the arrangement of the bending members (2) prior to solidification of the fiber-reinforced plastic profile (1) deformed and cured Method for bending profiles or bar material (1), in which the profiles or bar material (1) are introduced into mutually pivotable bending members (2) which receive and selectively hold the profile or bar material (1) and locally into a bent configuration by means of bending moment introduction transfer, in particular using the device (17) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that at least two along the bending line (13) of the profile or rod material (1) spaced bending members (2) controlled relative to each pivot and by the relative pivoting (11) of the bending members (2) to each other, the profile or rod material (1 ) is bent locally, wherein at least in sections between the bending members (2) arranged, elastically deformable support elements (3, 5, 6) by the relative pivoting (11) of the bending members (2) are also mitgebogen each other and the support elements (3, 5, 6) while the bending profile or rod material (1) are supported. Method according to Claim 28 , characterized in that the profile or bar material (1) to be bent is introduced in the undeformed or pre-deformed state into the bending members (2) and the bending members (2) are subsequently brought into the end-deformed configuration along the bending line (13) simultaneously or successively. Method according to one of Claims 28 or 29 , characterized in that at the bending members (2) arranged holding means (9) form opposite local receptacles for the profile or rod material (1). Method according to one of Claims 28 to 30 , characterized in that the bending members (2) are fixed to each other pivotally to each other such that by relative pivoting (11) of the sequence of bending members (2) to each other along the bending line (13) the desired bending line (13) of the profile or rod material ( 1) is set. Method according to Claim 31 , characterized in that the bending members (2) are pivoted independently of each other with a predetermined torque and / or a predetermined angle to each other. Method according to one of Claims 28 to 32 , characterized in that the support elements (3, 5, 6) are formed and elastically deformed so that they support the profile or rod material (1) in at least one spatial direction during the deformation (11) of the profile or rod material (1) and unwanted Prevent bending errors. Method according to one of Claims 28 to 33 , characterized in that the profile or bar material (1) to be bent is introduced gradually into the bending members (2) and conveyed between the bending members (2). Method according to Claim 34 , characterized in that a feed device (19) on the profile or bar material to be bent (1) applying a feed force in the direction of the bending line (13). Method according to one of Claims 34 to 35 , characterized in that the bending members (2) along the bending line (13) of the profile or bar material (1) to be bent in synchronism with the action of the feed device (19) along their bending line (13) deformed configuration. Method according to one of Claims 28 to 36 , characterized in that a hollow profile or bar material (1) to be bent is additionally supported in the interior during bending deformation. Method according to one of Claims 28 to 37 , characterized in that the profile or rod material (1) to be bent in the heated state, preferably heated by indirect heating by means of electrical resistance heating elements or heating by infrared radiation or heating in an oven or the direct heating of electrically conductive materials by Joule losses , is deformed. Method according to Claim 38 , characterized in that the profile or bar material (1) to be bent is selectively cooled after the forming in the heated state, in order to influence the permanent material properties of the profile or bar material (1), in particular the hardness and / or the elasticity. Method according to one of Claims 28 to 39 , characterized in that as the material of the profile or bar material to be bent (1) metallic materials or plastics or fiber-reinforced plastics are deformed. Method according to one of Claims 28 to 40 , characterized in that as the material of the profile or bar material to be bent (1) fiber-reinforced, in particular thermosetting plastics are deformed in the outlet region of a conventional pultrusion plant (18) by means of the arrangement of the bending members (2) before the solidification of the fiber-reinforced plastic strand (1) be converted into a deformed configuration and cured.

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