CN113351680A - Oxygen-free copper capillary tube and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Oxygen-free copper capillary tube and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113351680A CN113351680A CN202110800769.1A CN202110800769A CN113351680A CN 113351680 A CN113351680 A CN 113351680A CN 202110800769 A CN202110800769 A CN 202110800769A CN 113351680 A CN113351680 A CN 113351680A
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- oxygen
- copper
- free copper
- capillary tube
- ingot
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 lubrication systems Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/14—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an oxygen-free copper capillary tube and a processing method thereof. The invention provides an oxygen-free copper capillary, wherein a buckling column and a positioning groove on a connecting sleeve in an installing mechanism are arranged for positioning the connecting end of the oxygen-free copper capillary, so that the deviation of the connecting end of the oxygen-free copper capillary is avoided, an arranged limiting plate is clamped with an upper limiting groove of the adjacent oxygen-free copper capillary with the same structure and is fixed through a limiting screw, the connection tightness of the connecting end of the oxygen-free copper capillary is ensured, and the bending angle of an outer copper pipe is adjusted through a bending ring, so that the bending shape of the outer oxygen-free copper pipe is kept orderly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper capillary tubes, and particularly relates to an oxygen-free copper capillary tube and a processing method thereof.
Background
The copper tube capillary is formed by cold extrusion drawing, the red copper tube with the tube diameter smaller than 6.35 is called the capillary, the copper tube capillary has light weight, good heat conductivity and high low-temperature strength. Small diameter capillary copper tubing is commonly used for transporting pressurized fluids (e.g., lubrication systems, oil pressure systems, etc.) and for instrumentation pressure tubes, etc.
1) The quality of the oxygen-free copper capillary tube made in China in the existing market is generally not high; and the assembly is carried out through the splicing mode during the installation, the installation precision of the end part of the same capillary is higher, and the butt joint of the oxygen-free copper capillary pipe is not easy to carry out butt joint with the end of the adjacent oxygen-free copper capillary pipe.
2) When the existing oxygen-free copper capillary is in a bent shape, the shape is irregular and not easy to deform, and the oxygen-free copper capillary is easy to slide off when stacked, so that the oxygen-free copper capillary is not favorable for placement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oxygen-free copper capillary tube and a processing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the mounting precision of the end of the same capillary tube is high, and the end of the oxygen-free copper capillary tube is not easy to butt with the end of an adjacent oxygen-free copper capillary tube when the oxygen-free copper capillary tube is butted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an anaerobic copper capillary, includes interior anaerobic copper pipe, interior anaerobic copper pipe outer wall laminating is equipped with outer anaerobic copper pipe, outer anaerobic copper pipe outer wall distributes and is equipped with a plurality of bending rings, bending ring terminal surface department is the toper, outer anaerobic copper pipe outer wall both sides sliding connection has outer protective housing, installation mechanism is installed to outer protective housing one side screw thread.
Further, in order to avoid the sliding when the oxygen-free copper capillary tube is stacked, the surface of the outer protection shell is provided with a groove, and diamond-shaped anti-skidding textures are engraved in the groove.
Further, for make to advance line location to oxygen-free copper capillary butt joint end, installation mechanism includes that the screw thread is installed in the columnar order cover of outer protective housing one side, columnar order cover one end is rotated and is connected with the adapter sleeve, adapter sleeve one end top and bottom fixed mounting have the lock joint post, the constant head tank has been seted up to adapter sleeve one end both sides, lock joint post and constant head tank phase-match.
Further, in order to fix the oxygen-free copper capillary butt joint end, the two sides of the cylindrical sleeve are rotatably connected with limiting plates, limiting grooves are formed in the top and the bottom of the cylindrical sleeve, and the limiting grooves are matched with the limiting plates.
Further, in order to fix the limiting groove and the limiting plate, threaded holes are formed in the top of one side of the limiting groove and the top of one side of the limiting plate, and limiting screws are installed in the threaded holes.
A processing method of an oxygen-free copper capillary tube comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting electrolytic copper with the content of 99.99 percent as a raw material for an oxygen-free copper ingot casting material; fully melting the copper alloy, adding phosphorus element, and performing a deoxidation step;
step two: re-measuring the actual content of oxygen in the oxygen-free copper material;
step three: after the detected oxygen content completely reaches the standard, casting an oxygen-free copper ingot;
step four: sawing the oxygen-free copper cast ingot according to the weight of a finished product;
step five: feeding the oxygen-free copper ingot into a heating furnace for heating;
step six: feeding the heated oxygen-free copper ingot into an extruder for perforation and extrusion;
step seven: placing the extruded oxygen-free copper pipe into a straightening machine for drawing;
step eight: when the pipe is drawn to a diameter smaller than 10mm, performing heat treatment, recovering plasticity, and rolling;
step nine: sending the coiled pipe into a coil drawing machine to continue drawing until the size of a finished product is reached;
step ten: packaging the coiled and drawn oxygen-free copper capillary tube.
Further, in the first step, the copper-based alloy meets the GB/T467-2010 high-purity cathode copper (Cu-CATH-1) standard, the purity of copper can reach 99.995%, the copper-based alloy is cut into blocks and is loaded into a feeding mechanism of a vacuum electron beam melting furnace, after the copper-based alloy enters the electron beam melting furnace, electron beam refining is carried out, and the copper ingot is formed through cooling and solidification, wherein the diameter of the copper ingot is 215 mm-295 mm and is different.
Further, after the first step is completed, actual component detection needs to be carried out on the cast oxygen-free copper ingot, because the material is subjected to melting loss at high temperature, the actual content is different from the content added in proportion in the early stage, and after the actual detection is carried out, material proportioning can be carried out more clearly in the subsequent processing links.
Further, between the first step and the second step, the copper ingot is detected, and the copper content, the oxygen content, the grain size and the content of various impurities are analyzed.
Further, after each step is completed, the material ingot should be subjected to surface quality inspection and internal flaw detection inspection, and the inspected quality problems are corrected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the connecting end of the oxygen-free copper capillary tube is positioned through the buckling column and the positioning groove on the connecting sleeve in the mounting mechanism, so that the deviation of the connecting end of the oxygen-free copper capillary tube is avoided when the connecting end is connected, the limiting plate is clamped with the limiting groove on the adjacent oxygen-free copper capillary tube with the same structure, and the limiting plate is fixed through the limiting screw, so that the connection tightness of the connecting end of the oxygen-free copper capillary tube is ensured;
2) the bending angle of the outer oxygen-free copper pipe is adjusted through the bending ring, the bending shape of the outer oxygen-free copper pipe is kept neat, the groove in the outer protective shell is clamped with the adjacent oxygen-free copper capillary pipe, the oxygen-free copper capillary pipes are placed neatly, and the oxygen-free copper capillary pipes are prevented from rolling off after being stacked.
3) According to the processing method of the oxygen-free copper capillary tube, provided by the invention, in the first step, an innovative casting process is adopted to process a product, so that the product quality is improved; in the second step, the impurities of the main components and the trace elements are accurately detected by using a chemical method and a spectroscopic method respectively, so that the material defect caused by the overproof trace elements is avoided; in the third step, the casting needs to be carried out in a constant temperature environment, and due to the special material, the cooling strength needs to be adjusted in time according to the casting speed in the casting process, so that the phenomenon that air holes and faults appear inside and outside the cast ingot due to uneven cooling strength is avoided. In the sixth step, polishing and lubricating tools used for perforating are required to ensure that the perforation is uniform and stable; in the seventh step, heat treatment is carried out once every three to four times to restore the plasticity of the material, so as to avoid tensile fracture. The whole process greatly improves the quality of the oxygen-free copper capillary.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a mounting mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the mounting mechanism of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an oxygen-free copper pipe is arranged inside the shell; 2. an outer oxygen-free copper pipe; 3. a flexure ring; 4. an outer protective shell; 5. a groove; 6. an installation mechanism; 61. a cylindrical sleeve; 62. connecting sleeves; 63. buckling and connecting the columns; 64. positioning a groove; 65. a limiting plate; 66. a limiting groove; 67. a threaded hole; 68. and a limiting screw.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides an anaerobic copper capillary, includes interior anaerobic copper pipe 1, and the laminating of interior anaerobic copper pipe 1 outer wall is equipped with outer anaerobic copper pipe 2, and 2 outer walls of outer anaerobic copper pipe distribute and are equipped with a plurality of bending rings 3, and 3 terminal surface departments of bending ring are the toper, and 2 outer wall both sides sliding connection of outer anaerobic copper pipe have outer protective housing 4, and installation mechanism 6 is installed to 4 one side screw threads of outer protective housing.
The surface of the outer protective shell 4 is provided with grooves 5, and diamond-shaped anti-skid textures are engraved in the grooves 5.
During the specific use, when the anaerobic copper capillary pile up, the mutual block of recess 5 that has was seted up in the distribution of outer protective housing 4 surface makes outer anaerobic copper pipe 2 neatly put things in good order, avoids outer anaerobic copper pipe 2 to pile up and roll off after putting.
The mounting mechanism 6 comprises a column-shaped sleeve 61 which is installed on one side of the outer protective shell 4 in a threaded mode, one end of the column-shaped sleeve 61 is rotatably connected with a connecting sleeve 62, a buckling column 63 is fixedly installed at the top and the bottom of one end of the connecting sleeve 62, positioning grooves 64 are formed in two sides of one end of the connecting sleeve 62, and the buckling column 63 is matched with the positioning grooves 64.
When the oxygen-free copper pipe butt joint device is used specifically, the rotary column type sleeve 61 corresponds to the adjacent upper column type sleeve 61 of the oxygen-free copper pipe with the same structure, the positioning groove 64 and the buckling column 63 are inserted, the inner oxygen-free copper pipe 1 and the outer oxygen-free copper pipe 2 are effectively positioned when being butted, and connection errors are avoided.
Limiting plates 65 are rotatably connected to two sides of the cylindrical sleeve 61, limiting grooves 66 are formed in the top and the bottom of the cylindrical sleeve 61, and the limiting grooves 66 are matched with the limiting plates 65.
When the oxygen-free copper pipe is used specifically, after the inner oxygen-free copper pipe 1 and the outer oxygen-free copper pipe 2 are connected with the adjacent copper pipes, the limiting groove 66 on the column-shaped sleeve 61 with the same structure is clamped with the limiting plate 65 for positioning.
The top of one side of the limiting groove 66 and the limiting plate 65 is provided with a threaded hole 67, and a limiting screw 68 is mounted in the threaded hole 67 in a threaded manner.
When the special tool is used, after the limiting groove 66 is clamped with the limiting plate 65, the limiting screw 68 is inserted into the threaded hole 67 on the limiting groove 66 for fixing.
A processing method of an oxygen-free copper capillary tube comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting electrolytic copper with the content of 99.99 percent as a raw material for an oxygen-free copper ingot casting material; fully melting the copper alloy, adding phosphorus element, and performing a deoxidation step;
step two: re-measuring the actual content of oxygen in the oxygen-free copper material;
step three: after the detected oxygen content completely reaches the standard, casting an oxygen-free copper ingot;
step four: sawing the oxygen-free copper cast ingot according to the weight of a finished product;
step five: feeding the oxygen-free copper ingot into a heating furnace for heating;
step six: feeding the heated oxygen-free copper ingot into an extruder for perforation and extrusion;
step seven: placing the extruded oxygen-free copper pipe into a straightening machine for drawing;
step eight: when the pipe is drawn to a diameter smaller than 10mm, performing heat treatment, recovering plasticity, and rolling;
step nine: sending the coiled pipe into a coil drawing machine to continue drawing until the size of a finished product is reached;
step ten: packaging the coiled and drawn oxygen-free copper capillary tube.
In the first step, the copper-based alloy meets the GB/T467-2010 high-purity cathode copper (Cu-CATH-1) standard, the copper purity can reach 99.995%, the copper-based alloy is cut into blocks and is loaded into a feeding mechanism of a vacuum electron beam melting furnace, after the copper-based alloy enters the electron beam melting furnace, electron beam refining is carried out, and the copper ingot is formed through cooling and solidification, wherein the diameter of the copper ingot is 215 mm-295 mm and is different.
After the first step is finished, the actual composition detection needs to be carried out on the cast oxygen-free copper ingot, because the material is subjected to melting loss at high temperature, the actual content is different from the content added in proportion in the early stage, and after the actual detection is carried out, the material proportioning can be carried out more clearly in the subsequent processing links.
And between the first step and the second step, detecting the copper cast ingot, and analyzing the copper content, the oxygen content, the grain size and the content of various impurities.
And after each step is finished, performing surface quality inspection and internal flaw detection on the material cast ingot, and repairing the inspected quality problem.
The working principle is as follows: rotate the columnar order cover 61 and correspond with adjacent column jacket 61 on the oxygen-free copper pipe of isostructure, alternate constant head tank 64 and lock joint post 63, effective location when making interior oxygen-free copper pipe 1 and outer oxygen-free copper pipe 2 dock, avoid connection error, after interior oxygen-free copper pipe 1 and outer oxygen-free copper pipe 2 and adjacent copper union coupling, spacing groove 66 on the columnar order cover 61 with the isostructure advances the block with limiting plate 65 and advances the block and fix, after spacing groove 66 and limiting plate 65 block, insert the screw hole 67 on the spacing groove 66 with stop screw 68 and fix, can carry out free bending according to bending ring 3 when crooked outer oxygen-free copper pipe 2, adjust the bending angle of outer oxygen-free copper pipe 2, make outer oxygen-free copper pipe 2 bending shape neat.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An oxygen-free copper capillary tube, comprising an inner oxygen-free copper tube (1), characterized in that: interior anaerobic copper pipe (1) outer wall laminating is equipped with outer anaerobic copper pipe (2), outer anaerobic copper pipe (2) outer wall distributes and is equipped with a plurality of bending rings (3), bending ring (3) terminal surface department is the toper, outer anaerobic copper pipe (2) outer wall both sides sliding connection has outer protective housing (4), installation mechanism (6) are installed to outer protective housing (4) one side screw thread.
2. An oxygen-free copper capillary tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surface of the outer protective shell (4) is provided with grooves (5), and diamond-shaped anti-skidding textures are engraved in the grooves (5).
3. An oxygen-free copper capillary tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: installation mechanism (6) include that the screw thread installs in post type cover (61) of outer protective housing (4) one side, post type cover (61) one end is rotated and is connected with adapter sleeve (62), adapter sleeve (62) one end top and bottom fixed mounting have lock post (63), constant head tank (64) have been seted up to adapter sleeve (62) one end both sides, lock post (63) and constant head tank (64) phase-match.
4. An oxygen-free copper capillary tube as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the novel cylindrical sleeve is characterized in that limiting plates (65) are rotatably connected to two sides of the cylindrical sleeve (61), limiting grooves (66) are formed in the top and the bottom of the cylindrical sleeve (61), and the limiting grooves (66) are matched with the limiting plates (65).
5. An oxygen-free copper capillary tube as claimed in claim 3, wherein: threaded holes (67) are formed in the top portions of the limiting grooves (66) and the top portions of the limiting plates (65), and limiting screws (68) are mounted in the inner threads of the threaded holes (67).
6. A processing method of an oxygen-free copper capillary tube is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting electrolytic copper with the content of 99.99 percent as a raw material for an oxygen-free copper ingot casting material; fully melting the copper alloy, adding phosphorus element, and performing a deoxidation step;
step two: re-measuring the actual content of oxygen in the oxygen-free copper material;
step three: after the detected oxygen content completely reaches the standard, casting an oxygen-free copper ingot;
step four: sawing the oxygen-free copper cast ingot according to the weight of a finished product;
step five: feeding the oxygen-free copper ingot into a heating furnace for heating;
step six: feeding the heated oxygen-free copper ingot into an extruder for perforation and extrusion;
step seven: placing the extruded oxygen-free copper pipe into a straightening machine for drawing;
step eight: when the pipe is drawn to a diameter smaller than 10mm, performing heat treatment, recovering plasticity, and rolling;
step nine: sending the coiled pipe into a coil drawing machine to continue drawing until the size of a finished product is reached;
step ten: packaging the coiled and drawn oxygen-free copper capillary tube.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the copper capillary tube is processed by the following steps: in the first step, the copper-based alloy meets the GB/T467-2010 high-purity cathode copper (Cu-CATH-1) standard, the copper purity can reach 99.995%, the copper-based alloy is cut into blocks and is loaded into a feeding mechanism of a vacuum electron beam melting furnace, after the copper-based alloy enters the electron beam melting furnace, electron beam refining is carried out, and the copper ingot is formed through cooling and solidification, wherein the diameter of the copper ingot is 215 mm-295 mm and is different.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the copper capillary tube is processed by the following steps: after the first step is finished, the actual composition detection needs to be carried out on the cast oxygen-free copper ingot, because the material is subjected to melting loss at high temperature, the actual content is different from the content added in proportion in the early stage, and after the actual detection is carried out, the material proportioning can be carried out more clearly in the subsequent processing links.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the copper capillary tube is processed by the following steps: and between the first step and the second step, detecting the copper cast ingot, and analyzing the copper content, the oxygen content, the grain size and the content of various impurities.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the copper capillary tube is processed by the following steps: and after each step is finished, performing surface quality inspection and internal flaw detection on the material cast ingot, and repairing the inspected quality problem.
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