DE102016005253A1 - Powertrain for a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive train (12) for a motor vehicle (10), comprising an internal combustion engine (16) having an output shaft (18), a transmission (20), a rear axle (22), and wheels (24) via the transmission (20) of the internal combustion engine (16) are drivable, with a first electric machine (32), with a second electric machine (34), and with a front axle (26), wherein a planetary gear (36) is provided which with a the planetary carrier (46) coupled to the output shaft (18), a ring gear (38) coupled to the first electric machine (32), and a sun gear (40) coupled to the second electric machine (34), wheels (28) of the front axle (26) of the first electric machine (32) are drivable

Description

The invention relates to a drive train for a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such a drive train for a particular designed as a hybrid vehicle cars, especially passenger cars, for example, is already the DE 10 2009 050 957 A1 to be known as known. The powertrain includes an internal combustion engine having an output shaft. The internal combustion engine may be designed as a reciprocating internal combustion engine, so that the output shaft is formed for example as a crankshaft. Via the output shaft, the internal combustion engine can provide torques for driving wheels of the motor vehicle and thus for driving the motor vehicle as a whole. The drive train further comprises a transmission and a rear axle whose wheels are drivable via the transmission of the internal combustion engine, in particular of the output shaft. Further, a first electric machine, a second electric machine and a front axle are provided, wherein the front axle is arranged in the vehicle longitudinal direction or in the forward direction of travel of the motor vehicle in front of the rear axle.

Object of the present invention is to develop a drive train of the type mentioned in such a way that a particularly efficient and efficient operation of the drive train can be realized.

This object is achieved by a drive train having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

To further develop a drive train specified in the preamble of claim 1 type such that a particularly efficient and thus fuel-efficient and efficient operation of the drive train and thus the motor vehicle is generally feasible, a planetary gear is provided according to the invention, which is a planet carrier, at least one ring gear and at least one Sun wheel has. In this case, the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is coupled to the planet carrier, so that torques between the output shaft and the planet carrier can be transmitted or so that the output shaft and thus the internal combustion engine acting on the planet carrier. In particular, the planet carrier can be driven by the output shaft. Since the wheels of the rear axle are drivable via the transmission of the internal combustion engine or of the output shaft, the output shaft acts not only on the wheels of the rear axle, but also on the planet carrier.

The ring gear of the planetary gear is coupled to the first electric machine, so that torques between the first electric machine and the ring gear are transferable. Thus, for example, the ring gear of the first electric machine can be driven or vice versa. Furthermore, it is provided that the sun gear is coupled to the second electric machine, so that torques between the second electric machine and the sun gear can be transmitted. In other words, the second electric machine acts on the sun gear or vice versa. In particular, it is provided that the first electric machine acts directly on the ring gear.

The invention is based on the idea of combining a classic sports car drive concept, in which the internal combustion engine acts on the wheels of the rear axle via the transmission, with a hybrid front axle, wherein in the present case the wheels of the front axle can be driven by the first electric machine. Overall, therefore, a particularly efficient and efficient operation of the drive train and thus of the example designed as a hybrid vehicle motor vehicle can be realized in total, so that the fuel consumption of the motor vehicle can be kept very low. The planetary gear is used as a power splitter or as a power split unit, which is also referred to as a power split unit (PSU). In this way, a particularly advantageous hybridization of the drive train can be realized since the motor vehicle can be driven not only by means of the internal combustion engine but also at least in supportive and / or exclusively by means of at least one of the electrical machines, in particular by means of the first electric machine.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or in isolation, without the scope of To leave invention.

The drawing shows in:

1 a schematic plan view of a designed as a hybrid vehicle motor vehicle with a drive train, which has an internal combustion engine with an output shaft, a transmission, a rear axle whose wheels are drivable via the transmission of the internal combustion engine, a first electric machine and a second electric machine and a front axle;

2 a schematic representation of the drive train according to a first embodiment; and

3 a schematic representation of the drive train according to a second embodiment.

In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

1 shows in a schematic plan view with a whole 10 designated motor vehicle, which is a passenger car. In this case, the motor vehicle - as will be explained in more detail below - designed as a hybrid vehicle. The car 10 includes an in 1 particularly schematically illustrated drive train 12 , by means of which the car 10 Total is drivable. This illustrates in 1 an arrow 14 the forward direction of the motor vehicle 10 ,

The powertrain 12 includes an internal combustion engine 16 , which is also referred to as an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine 16 includes at least one output shaft 18 about which the internal combustion engine 16 Torques for driving the motor vehicle 10 can provide. For example, the internal combustion engine 16 designed as a reciprocating internal combustion engine and thereby comprises a plurality of combustion chambers in the form of cylinders. In the cylinders, respective pistons are received translationally movable. The pistons are articulated via respective connecting rods with the output shaft 18 coupled, wherein the output shaft is formed for example as a crankshaft. As a result of this articulated coupling, the translational movements of the piston in a rotational movement of the output shaft 18 being transformed.

For example, the internal combustion engine 16 as a V-engine, that is designed in V-type, the internal combustion engine 16 For example, it can be designed as an 8-cylinder engine and in particular as a V8 engine. In particular, the internal combustion engine 16 for example, designed as a gasoline engine. Furthermore, it can be provided that the internal combustion engine 16 is designed as a supercharged internal combustion engine. This is to be understood that air which is supplied to the combustion chambers, by means of at least one compressor, in particular an exhaust gas turbocharger, is compressed. For example, if two exhaust gas turbochargers with respective compressors provided, so is the internal combustion engine 16 For example, designed as a biturbo engine, wherein the internal combustion engine 16 for example, can be designed as a V8 biturbo gasoline engine.

The powertrain 12 further includes a transmission 20 which has, for example, a plurality of gear stages with respective, mutually different translations. The respective gear ratio can be engaged or activated. The powertrain 12 also includes a rear axle 22 whose wheels 24 also be referred to as rear wheels. Here are the wheels 24 the rear axle 22 over the transmission 20 from the internal combustion engine 16 , in particular of the output shaft 18 , drivable. Out 1 is recognizable that the gearbox 20 directly on the rear axle 22 sits, with the gear 20 preferably directly on the rear axle 22 acts. For example, the gearbox 20 designed as a double-clutch transmission, which is also referred to as DCT. For example, the gearbox 20 seven gears on, so the transmission 20 for example, is designed as a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission.

The powertrain 12 further includes a front axle 26 whose wheels 28 also be referred to as front wheels. The front axle 26 and therefore the wheels 28 are in the vehicle longitudinal direction or in the forward direction of the motor vehicle 10 in front of the rear axle 22 and thus arranged in front of the rear wheels. As will be explained in more detail below, the front axle 26 designed as a hybrid front axle, so that the drive train 12 is designed as a hybrid or hybrid powertrain. Thus, the car 10 designed as a hybrid vehicle. The front axle 26 is a whole with 30 designated drive unit, wherein in 1 a first embodiment of the drive unit 30 with S1 and a second embodiment of the drive unit 30 denoted by S2. It is preferably provided that either the first embodiment S1 or the second embodiment S2 in the drive train 12 is used. As will be explained in more detail below, the drive unit 30 designed as a power divider, which is also referred to as a power split unit or as a power split unit (PSU).

2 shows a first embodiment of the drive train 12 , In this first embodiment of the drive train 12 comes the drive unit 30 according to the first embodiment S1 to Commitment. Out 2 is recognizable that the drive unit 30 a first electric machine 32 and a second electric machine 34 includes. Here is the first electric machine 32 larger, ie more powerful or more powerful than the second electric machine 34 formed, by which is to be understood, for example, that the first electric machine 32 a higher power or higher torques than the second electric machine 34 can provide. The drive unit 30 further comprises a planetary gear 36 which is also referred to as planetary gear set (PSR). The planetary gear 36 includes a ring gear 38 which is a in 2 Having not shown internal teeth. Furthermore, the planetary gear comprises 36 a sun wheel 40 which is a in 2 having external teeth, not shown. The sun wheel 40 is for example non-rotatable with a shaft 42 connected, with the shaft 42 also called sun wave. Furthermore, the planetary gear comprises 36 planetary gears 44 which rotatably on a planet carrier 46 of the planetary gear 36 are stored. The planet wheels 44 each have a in 2 not shown external teeth on. The planet wheels 44 access the external teeth of the sun gear via their external teeth 40 one. Furthermore, the planet gears 44 via its respective external toothing in the internal toothing of the ring gear 38 one. Thus, the planetary gears are 44 both with the sun gear 40 as well as with the ring gear 38 engaged. The planet carrier 46 is with a wave 48 coupled, in particular rotatably connected, wherein the shaft 48 also referred to as planetary wave. Out 2 it can be seen that, for example, the wave 42 Hollow shaft is formed, through which the shaft 48 passed through.

Out 2 it can be seen that the first, opposite the second electric machine 34 more powerful electric machine 32 with the ring gear 38 coupled, the wheels 28 the front axle 26 from the first electric machine 32 are drivable. In particular, it is provided that the first electric machine 32 , in particular its rotor, rotatably with the ring gear 38 is connected, for example, the first electric machine 32 directly on the ring gear 38 or vice versa acts. In particular, it is possible that the first electric machine 32 , in particular its rotor, via the ring gear 38 from the output shaft 18 can be driven. By this is meant that the electric machine 32 , in particular its rotor, via the ring gear 38 , the planetary gears 44 , the planet carrier 46 and the wave 48 from the output shaft 19 is drivable.

The drive unit 30 includes another wave 50 , which, for example, an output shaft or an output of the drive unit 30 is. About the wave 50 are the wheels 28 the front axle 26 from the drive unit 30 , in particular at least of the first electric machine 32 , drivable. It is envisaged that the first electric machine 32 , in particular its rotor, with the shaft 50 is coupled or that the wave 50 from the first electric machine 32 is drivable. In particular, the first electric machine acts 32 , especially its rotor, directly on the shaft 50 and thus on the output of the drive unit 30 ,

Furthermore, it is off 2 recognizable that the output shaft 18 , especially about the wave 48 , with the planet carrier 46 coupled, so the planet carrier 46 over the wave 48 from the output shaft 18 and thus of the internal combustion engine 16 is drivable. In other words, the internal combustion engine works 16 , in particular the output shaft 18 , on the planet carrier 46 so that the output shaft 18 for the planetary gear 36 represents a drive.

Further, the sun gear 40 over the wave 42 with the second electric machine 34 , in particular coupled to the rotor thereof, coupled or rotationally fixed, so that, for example, torques between the second electric machine 34 , in particular its rotor, and the sun gear 40 , especially about the wave 42 , are transferable.

At the in 2 illustrated first embodiment of the drive train 12 is a longitudinal installation of the drive unit 30 intended. This means that the respective axial direction of the electric machines 32 and 34 and the planetary gear 36 at least substantially parallel to the axial direction of the output shaft 18 runs. Out 2 is recognizable that the electrical machines 32 and 34 are arranged coaxially with each other, wherein the electrical machines 32 and 34 also coaxial to the planetary gear 36 are arranged. The respective rotor of the respective electric machine 32 respectively 34 is rotatable about a rotation axis, wherein also the planet carrier 46 , the ring gear 38 and the sun wheel 40 are rotatable about a common axis of rotation. The axes of rotation run parallel to each other or fall together in the present case.

The wheels 28 the front axle 26 are from the drive unit 30 , in particular of the electric machine 32 , via a bevel gear 51 drivable, the bevel gear 51 Part of the drive unit 30 can be. At the in 2 illustrated longitudinal installation of the drive unit 30 is the bevel gear 51 based on a torque flux from the output shaft 18 to the wheels 28 or to the front axle 26 between the first electric machine 32 and a front axle differential 52 the front axle 26 is arranged. In other words, in the present case, the bevel gear 50 between the drive unit 30 and the front axle differential 52 arranged. The front axle differential 52 is a differential gear, which is used for speed compensation between the wheels 28 , especially when cornering the motor vehicle 10 , is being used. For example, a possibly required transmission or reduction is provided. The bevel gear 50 includes a rotationally fixed with the shaft 50 connected first bevel gear 54 and a second bevel gear 56 , which with the first bevel gear 54 engaged.

The bevel gear 56 is with a wave 58 rotatably connected, with which also a gear 60 connected is. The gear 60 is for example in engagement with a ring gear 62 of the front axle differential 52 so that the front axle differential 52 or the ring gear 62 over the gear 60 , the wave 58 , the bevel gear 56 and the bevel gear 54 from the wave 50 and thus from the first electric machine 32 is drivable.

3 illustrates a second embodiment of the powertrain 12 , In the second embodiment of the powertrain 12 comes the drive unit 30 according to the second embodiment S2 used. In contrast to the first embodiment of the drive train 12 is in the second embodiment of the powertrain 12 a transverse installation of the drive unit 30 intended. For longitudinal installation, the drive unit is installed 30 along the direction of travel, whereas in the transverse installation, an installation of the drive unit 30 is provided transversely to the direction of travel. Thus, the respective axial direction of the electric machine runs 32 respectively 34 or the planetary gear 36 obliquely or perpendicular to the axial direction of the output shaft 18 and thus to the vehicle longitudinal direction. In the transverse installation, it is envisaged that the bevel gear 51 based on a torque flow from the internal combustion engine 16 or from the output shaft 18 to the front axle 26 between the internal combustion engine 16 and the drive unit formed as a hybrid component 30 is arranged or sitting.

The following is an operation and possible modes of the powertrain 12 explained. At a standstill of the motor vehicle 10 For example, is the output, that is, the shaft 50 quiet. It can be at a standstill of the motor vehicle 10 the internal combustion engine 16 over the output shaft 18 from the second electric machine 34 started, that is started or activated. This is also during the drive of the motor vehicle 10 possible. This means that the output shaft 18 from the second electric machine 34 can be driven, causing the example, first deactivated internal combustion engine 16 can be activated or started.

For example, during a constant travel, the complete drive unit 30 idle, especially without giving or receiving power. In such a constant drive of the car 10 for example, from the internal combustion engine 16 over the output shaft 18 driven. Furthermore, it is conceivable that during a constant travel by means of the drive unit 30 a load point shift takes place. In the context of such a load point shift takes the drive unit 30 Power from the internal combustion engine 16 on, so the internal combustion engine 16 a power for driving the drive unit 30 provides. In this case, for example, the second electric machine 34 and / or the first electric machine 32 over the output shaft 18 from the internal combustion engine 16 driven. The electric machine acts here 32 respectively 34 as a generator, that of the internal combustion engine 16 provided or delivered and from the drive unit 30 absorbed power into electrical power or into electrical energy converts. This electrical energy can be stored for example in an electrical energy storage such as a battery of the motor vehicle.

An electric drive, in particular constant travel, is when the internal combustion engine is stationary or deactivated 16 by means of the first electric machine 32 representable by, for example, the wheels 28 from the first electric machine 32 are driven. In addition, a recuperation by means of the first electric machine 32 possible. As part of recuperation, the first electric machine 32 , in particular its rotor, for example from the wheels 28 driven, over which the moving cars 10 rolling on a roadway. When recuperation becomes the first electric machine 32 operated as a generator, by means of which kinetic energy of the moving motor vehicle 10 is converted into electrical energy, causing the car 10 slowed down or slowed down.

By a combined control of the electrical machines 32 and 34 is a steplessly adjustable load introduction into the drive unit 30 , in particular in the planetary gear 36 , feasible. This load introduction, for example, a mechanical drive between the Vorderachsdifferential 52 and the internal combustion engine 16 or a combination of charging the battery and mechanical drive. Advantageous in the control of example as Electric motors working electrical machines 32 and 34 is a coupling to a control unit for driving the transmission 20 to speed change of the internal combustion engine resulting from gear change 16 , in particular the output shaft 18 to be able to observe in time. The respective dimensions or dimensions and transmission ratios of the drive train 12 components to be used, in particular with regard to the speed band, torques and power, are to be adapted according to the respective application.

Said energy store is for example a battery or a supercapacitor. Furthermore, a plurality of energy storage devices may be used, wherein at least one of the energy storage devices is, for example, a battery and at least one further energy storage device is a supercapacitor. A combination of these energy storage with a corresponding energy conversion between the two energy storage is conceivable. An appropriate dimensioning of the energy storage is interpreted or adapted for the particular application.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

motor vehicle

12

powertrain

14

arrow

16

Internal combustion engine

18

output shaft

20

transmission

22

rear axle

24

wheel

26

Front

28

wheel

30

drive unit

32

first electric machine

34

second electric machine

36

planetary gear

38

ring gear

40

sun

42

wave

44

planet

46

planet carrier

48

wave

50

wave

51

bevel gear

52

front axle

54

bevel gear

56

bevel gear

58

wave

60

gear

62

crown

S1

first embodiment

S2

second embodiment

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009050957 A1 [0002]

Claims (4)

Powertrain ( 12 ) for a motor vehicle ( 10 ), with an output shaft ( 18 ) having internal combustion engine ( 16 ), with a transmission ( 20 ), with a rear axle ( 22 ), whose wheels ( 24 ) via the gearbox ( 20 ) of the internal combustion engine ( 16 ) are drivable with a first electric machine ( 32 ), with a second electric machine ( 34 ), and with a front axle ( 26 ), characterized in that a planetary gear ( 36 ) is provided, which one with the output shaft ( 18 ) coupled planet carrier ( 46 ), one with the first electric machine ( 32 ) coupled ring gear ( 38 ), and one with the second electric machine ( 34 ) coupled sun wheel ( 40 ), where wheels ( 28 ) of the front axle ( 26 ) of the first electric machine ( 32 ) are drivable Powertrain ( 12 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial direction of the output shaft ( 18 ) parallel to the axial direction of the respective electrical machines ( 32 . 34 ) runs. Powertrain ( 12 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial direction of the output shaft ( 18 ) obliquely or perpendicular to the axial direction of the respective electrical machines ( 32 . 34 ) runs. Powertrain ( 12 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, based on a torque flow from the output shaft ( 18 ) to the front axle ( 26 ) between this and the output shaft ( 18 ) A bevel gear is arranged.

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