DE102015210552A1 - Process for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Process for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- DE102015210552A1 DE102015210552A1 DE102015210552.0A DE102015210552A DE102015210552A1 DE 102015210552 A1 DE102015210552 A1 DE 102015210552A1 DE 102015210552 A DE102015210552 A DE 102015210552A DE 102015210552 A1 DE102015210552 A1 DE 102015210552A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1651—Two or more layers only obtained by electroless plating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1653—Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1662—Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
- F01L2301/02—Using ceramic materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/01—Absolute values
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Ventils (1) einer Brennkraftmaschine (2), insbesondere einer Stelle eines Ventilschafts (5) des Ventils (1), bei dem – das Ventil (1) zumindest mit der zu beschichtenden Stelle in ein Nickel (Ni) Reinbad als Haftvermittler getaucht wird, – das Ventil (1) zumindest mit der zu beschichtenden Stelle in ein Nickel (Ni) und Borcarbid (B4C) aufweisendes Bad getaucht wird, – das Ventil (1) zumindest an der zu beschichtenden Stelle nachbearbeitet wird. Hierdurch kann insbesondere eine bislang chromhaltige Verschleißschutzschicht ersetzt werden.The invention relates to a method for coating a valve (1) of an internal combustion engine (2), in particular a point of a valve stem (5) of the valve (1), in which - the valve (1) at least with the point to be coated in a nickel ( Ni) pure bath is dipped as an adhesion promoter, - the valve (1) is dipped at least with the point to be coated in a nickel (Ni) and boron carbide (B4C) exhibiting bath, - the valve (1) is at least post-processed at the point to be coated , As a result, in particular a hitherto chromium-containing wear protection layer can be replaced.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Ventils einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere zumindest einer Stelle eines Ventilschaftes des Ventils. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem ein mit einem derartigen Verfahren beschichtetes Ventil einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie eine Brennkraftmaschine mit zumindest einem solchen Ventil. The present invention relates to a method for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine, in particular at least one point of a valve stem of the valve. The invention also relates to a valve coated with such a method of an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine with at least one such valve.
Üblicherweise werden Ventile in einer Brennkraftmaschine bzw. deren Ventilschäfte heutzutage mit einer chromhaltigen Verschleißschutzschicht beschichtet, da die Ventile insbesondere im Bereich des Ventilschaftes und hier im Bereich einer Ventilführung einer großen tribologischen Belastung ausgesetzt sind und mit der Verschleißschutzschicht ein reibungs- und zugleich verschleißarmer Betrieb sichergestellt werden soll.Normally, valves in an internal combustion engine or their valve shafts are nowadays coated with a chromium-containing wear protection layer, since the valves are exposed to a large tribological load, in particular in the region of the valve stem and here in the region of a valve guide, and the wear protection layer ensures friction and wear-resistant operation should.
Chrom (VI) das heißt Chromtrioxid spielt bei Verchromungen jeglicher Art, das heißt sowohl bei einer Verchromung von Kunststoffen als auch von Eisen oder Nichteisenmetallen eines wesentliche wirtschaftliche Rolle, unterliegt jedoch aufgrund seiner umstrittenen Eigenschaften sowohl strengen Regulierungen als auch einer besonderen Aufsicht, die unter Umständen sogar in ein Verbot zumindest für bestimmte Anwendungen münden dürfte. Chromium (VI) that is, chromium trioxide plays a vital economic role in all types of chromium plating, that is both chrome plating of plastics and iron or non-ferrous metals, but is subject to both strict regulations and special supervision due to its contentious nature even in a ban, at least for certain applications.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mittels welchem eine extrem beständige und belastbare Verschleißschutzschicht, insbesondere auf eine Stelle eines Ventilschaftes eines Ventils einer Brennkraftmaschine aufgebracht werden kann, ohne dass hierfür Chrom erforderlich wäre. The present invention therefore deals with the problem of specifying a method by means of which an extremely resistant and load-bearing wear protection layer, in particular on a position of a valve stem of a valve of an internal combustion engine can be applied without this chromium would be required.
Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche. This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, ein alternatives Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Ventils einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere zumindest einer Stelle eines Ventilschafts des Ventils anzugeben, bei welchem eine beständige und zugleich belastbare Verschleißschutzschicht aufgebracht werden kann, die kein Chrom mehr aufweist. Hierzu wird das Ventil bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zunächst zumindest mit der zu beschichtenden Stelle in ein Nickel (Ni) Reinbad als Haftvermittler getaucht, wobei insbesondere aus Stahl oder Edelstahl hergestellte Ventile ohne einen derartigen Haftvermittler bzw. eine derartige Haftschicht, nicht dauerhaft zu beschichten wären. Anschließend wird das Ventil zumindest mit der zu beschichtenden Stelle in ein Nickel (Ni) und Borcarbid (B4C) aufweisendes Bad getaucht. Borcarbid ist ein sehr hartes Material mit einer Mohshärte von 9,3, welches als verschleißbeständiges Material genutzt werden kann. Borcarbid ist dabei eine Nichtoxid-Keramik, die sich ähnlich wie Siliziumcarbid oder Siliziumnitrid durch besondere Härte und Zähigkeit auszeichnet. Borcarbid-Keramik ist darüber hinaus äußerst verschleißbeständig auch bei niedrigen Temperaturen. In ihrer Härte ist sie bei niedrigen Temperaturen sogar verschleißbeständiger als Siliziumnitrid-Keramiken. Auch hinsichtlich der chemischen Beständigkeit weist Borcarbid eine sehr hohe Beständigkeit auf, was insbesondere im Bereich der vergleichsweise aggressiven Medien, wie beispielsweise Ölen, von großem Vorteil ist. The present invention is based on the general idea to provide an alternative method for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine, in particular at least one point of a valve stem of the valve, in which a durable and at the same time durable wear protection layer can be applied, which no longer has chromium. For this purpose, the valve is first immersed in the inventive method, at least with the point to be coated in a nickel (Ni) pure bath as a primer, in particular made of steel or stainless steel valves without such a primer or such an adhesive layer would not be permanently coated. Subsequently, the valve is immersed at least with the point to be coated in a nickel (Ni) and boron carbide (B 4 C) exhibiting bath. Boron carbide is a very hard material with a Mohs hardness of 9.3, which can be used as a wear-resistant material. Boron carbide is a non-oxide ceramic, which is characterized by particular hardness and toughness similar to silicon carbide or silicon nitride. Boron carbide ceramic is also extremely resistant to wear, even at low temperatures. In terms of hardness, it is even more resistant to wear at low temperatures than silicon nitride ceramics. Also in terms of chemical resistance, boron carbide has a very high resistance, which is particularly in the field of relatively aggressive media, such as oils, a great advantage.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird ein Nickel (Ni) und Borcarbid (B4C) aufweisendes Bad verwendet, mit einem Borcarbidgehalt von 30 g/l bis 65 g/l, insbesondere mit einem Borcarbidgehalt von 50 g/l. Hierbei hat sich gezeigt, dass insbesondere bei einer Dosierung des Borcarbidgehalts von 50 g/l eine Verschleißschutzschicht erreicht werden kann, bei welcher der im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine auftretende Verschleiß nahezu Null und der Materialübertrag bei einem Zehntel des Materialübertrags im Vergleich zu einer aus Chrom ausgebildeten Verschleißschutzschicht liegt. Zur Beurteilung der Verschleißbeständigkeit sind dabei zwei Kennwerte von besonderem Interesse, zum einen der Verschleiß, also der Materialabtrag der Verschleißschutzschicht selbst und zum anderen der sogenannte Materialübertrag, also der Transfer von Beschichtungsmaterial in die Ventilführung. Beides kann mit der zuvor beschriebenen und Nickel (Ni) und Borcarbid (B4C) aufweisenden Verschleißschutzschicht erreicht werden. In an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, a bath containing nickel (Ni) and boron carbide (B 4 C) is used, with a boron carbide content of 30 g / l to 65 g / l, in particular with a boron carbide content of 50 g / l. It has been shown that, in particular at a dosage of boron carbide content of 50 g / l, a wear protection layer can be achieved, in which occurring during operation of the engine wear almost zero and the material transfer at one-tenth of the material transfer compared to a formed of chromium wear protection layer lies. To assess the wear resistance, two parameters are of particular interest, on the one hand the wear, ie the material removal of the wear protection layer itself and, on the other hand, the so-called transfer of material, ie the transfer of coating material into the valve guide. Both can be achieved with the previously described and nickel (Ni) and boron carbide (B 4 C) having wear protection layer.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird das Ventil zumindest mit der zu beschichtenden Stelle in eine Nickel (Ni), Borcarbid (B4C) und hexagonalem Bornitrid (h(BN)) aufweisendes Bad getaucht. Hierbei sollte der Gehalt an Bornitrid (h(BN)) zwischen 10 g/l und 25 g/l, insbesondere zwischen 18 und 22 g/l, besonders bevorzugt bei ca. 20 g/l liegen. Insbesondere bei einem Bornitridgehalt von ca. 20 g/l im Nickelelektrolyten kann ein Verschleiß erreicht werden, der wiederum nahezu bei Null liegt. Bei einer derartigen Nickeldispersionsschicht können darüber hinaus wesentliche Vorteile hinsichtlich der Reibung erzielt werden. In a further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the valve is immersed, at least with the point to be coated, in a bath comprising nickel (Ni), boron carbide (B 4 C) and hexagonal boron nitride (h (BN)). In this case, the content of boron nitride (h (BN)) should be between 10 g / l and 25 g / l, in particular between 18 and 22 g / l, particularly preferably about 20 g / l. In particular, with a boron nitride content of about 20 g / l in the nickel electrolyte wear can be achieved, which in turn is almost zero. In addition, with such a nickel dispersion layer, substantial advantages in terms of friction can be achieved.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird das Ventil zumindest an der zu beschichtenden Stelle poliert und/oder geschliffen. Beide, lediglich rein exemplarisch an dieser Stelle aufgezählten Nachbearbeitungsverfahren, erhöhen die Oberflächengüte der Verschleißschutzschicht und tragen damit zur Verbesserung der Verschleißeigenschaften bei. In an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, the valve is polished and / or ground at least at the point to be coated. Both, merely exemplarily enumerated at this point post-processing, increase the surface quality of Wear protection layer and thus contribute to the improvement of the wear properties.
In den vorherigen Absätzen wurde dabei stets erwähnt, dass das Ventil zumindest an einer Stelle des Ventilschaftes mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschichtet, das heißt die erfindungsgemäße Verschleißschutzschicht aufgebracht wird, wobei selbstverständlich klar ist, dass diese Verschleißschutzschicht auch am gesamten Ventil oder an anderen Stellen, beispielsweise an einem Ventilsitzring, aufgebracht werden kann. It has always been mentioned in the preceding paragraphs that the valve is coated with the method according to the invention at least at one point of the valve stem, that is to say the wear protection layer according to the invention is applied, it being understood that this wear protection layer is also applied to the entire valve or to other locations, for example can be applied to a valve seat ring.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht weiter auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, ein Ventil einer Brennkraftmaschine anzugeben, welches mit dem zuvor beschriebenen Verfahren an zumindest einer Stelle beschichtet wurde. Hierzu weist das erfindungsgemäße Ventil eine Nickel (Ni) aufweisende Haftschicht sowie eine darüber angeordnete Verschleißschutzschicht aus Nickel (Ni) und Borcarbid (B4C) auf. Zur Oberflächenvergütung ist die Verschleißschutzschicht nachbearbeitet, beispielsweise poliert oder geschliffen. Mittels eines derartigen Ventils kann insbesondere auf die bislang in diesem Bereich eingesetzte und chromhaltige Verschleißschutzschicht verzichtet, jedoch die gleiche oder sogar eine noch bessere Verschleißbeständigkeit geschaffen werden. The present invention is further based on the general idea to provide a valve of an internal combustion engine, which has been coated at least one point by the method described above. For this purpose, the valve according to the invention on a nickel (Ni) having adhesive layer and an overlying wear protection layer of nickel (Ni) and boron carbide (B 4 C). For surface treatment, the wear protection layer is reworked, for example, polished or ground. By means of such a valve can be dispensed with in particular in the field previously used in this area and chromium-containing wear protection layer, however, the same or even better wear resistance can be created.
Erfindungsgemäß weist die Verschleißschutzschicht eine Schichtdicke d zwischen 5 µm und 15 µm auf. Bereits eine derartige dünne Verschleißschutzschicht ermöglicht dabei die Verschleißbeständigkeit des Ventils über seine gesamte Lebensdauer, wobei als Haftgrund bzw. Haftschicht für die Verschleißschutzschicht die darunter angeordnete Nickelschicht verwendet wird, welche eine zuverlässige Haftung der Verschleißschutzschicht auch auf Edelstahloberflächen ermöglicht. Diese Nickelzwischenschicht, die in einem Nickelchlorid-Elektrolyt aufgebracht wird, ist zwingend notwendig, insbesondere beim Einsatz von hochlegierten Edelstählen wie beispielsweise X50. Ansonsten kann keine ausreichende Haftung der Nickeldispersionsschicht erzielt werden.According to the invention, the wear protection layer has a layer thickness d between 5 μm and 15 μm. Already such a thin wear protection layer allows the wear resistance of the valve over its entire life, being used as a primer or adhesive layer for the wear protection layer, the underlying nickel layer, which allows reliable adhesion of the wear protection layer on stainless steel surfaces. This intermediate nickel layer, which is applied in a nickel chloride electrolyte, is absolutely necessary, especially when using high-alloy stainless steels such as X50. Otherwise, sufficient adhesion of the nickel dispersion layer can not be achieved.
Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus der Zeichnung und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnung.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawing and from the associated description of the figures with reference to the drawing.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be explained in more detail in the following description.
Die einzige
Entsprechend der
Hergestellt wird das erfindungsgemäße Ventil
Zunächst wird das Ventil
First, the valve
Das zur Herstellung der Verschleißschutzschicht
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung kann auch ein Nickel (Ni) und Borcarbid (B4C) aufweisendes Bad zur Herstellung der Verschleißschutzschicht
Die Verschleißschutzschicht
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verschleißschutzschicht
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015210552.0A DE102015210552A1 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2015-06-09 | Process for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine |
EP16718679.0A EP3307926A1 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-04-26 | Method for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine |
PCT/EP2016/059295 WO2016198205A1 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-04-26 | Method for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015210552.0A DE102015210552A1 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2015-06-09 | Process for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102015210552A1 true DE102015210552A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
Family
ID=55809127
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015210552.0A Withdrawn DE102015210552A1 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2015-06-09 | Process for coating a valve of an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3307926A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015210552A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016198205A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018218205A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Mahle International Gmbh | Gas exchange valve |
CN111980775A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Gas exchange valve |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017202585A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-17 | Mahle International Gmbh | Internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder and with at least two hollow-head valves |
DE102017007079A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2018-01-25 | Daimler Ag | Valve stem seal of a reciprocating engine, reciprocating engine and motor vehicle |
DE102019207267A1 (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-19 | Mahle International Gmbh | Gas exchange valve for an internal combustion engine |
CN114214684B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-08-18 | 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 | Metal-ceramic gradient composite coating on surface of precision part and preparation method thereof |
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GB1200410A (en) * | 1967-09-09 | 1970-07-29 | Nsu Motorenwerke Ag | Process and apparatus for electro-deposition |
DE3503859A1 (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1985-09-19 | Aisin Seiki K.K., Kariya, Aichi | SLIDING SURFACE OF A COMPOSED-NICKELED MOVABLE OR SLIDING COMPONENT |
JPS62185806A (en) * | 1986-02-10 | 1987-08-14 | Kasuya Seiko Kk | Production of valve mechanism parts such as tappet and rocker arm made by sintering sintered hard alloy for internal combustion engine |
US4786324A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1988-11-22 | Rieger Franz Metallveredelung | Nickel-plating bath |
JPH01283072A (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-14 | Canon Inc | Oscillatory wave motor |
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JPH05331694A (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1993-12-14 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Composite plated nonferrous metallic material for machine structure |
EP0679736B1 (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1998-03-04 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Improvement of properties of the surface of a titanium alloy engine valve |
US20050205425A1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2005-09-22 | Integran Technologies | Process for electroplating metallic and metall matrix composite foils, coatings and microcomponents |
DE102004047423C5 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2011-04-21 | AHC-Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co. OHG | Externally applied Nickel alloy and its use |
-
2015
- 2015-06-09 DE DE102015210552.0A patent/DE102015210552A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-04-26 EP EP16718679.0A patent/EP3307926A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-04-26 WO PCT/EP2016/059295 patent/WO2016198205A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1200410A (en) * | 1967-09-09 | 1970-07-29 | Nsu Motorenwerke Ag | Process and apparatus for electro-deposition |
DE3503859A1 (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1985-09-19 | Aisin Seiki K.K., Kariya, Aichi | SLIDING SURFACE OF A COMPOSED-NICKELED MOVABLE OR SLIDING COMPONENT |
US4786324A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1988-11-22 | Rieger Franz Metallveredelung | Nickel-plating bath |
JPS62185806A (en) * | 1986-02-10 | 1987-08-14 | Kasuya Seiko Kk | Production of valve mechanism parts such as tappet and rocker arm made by sintering sintered hard alloy for internal combustion engine |
JPH01283072A (en) * | 1988-05-06 | 1989-11-14 | Canon Inc | Oscillatory wave motor |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018218205A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Mahle International Gmbh | Gas exchange valve |
WO2020083808A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Mahle International Gmbh | Gas exchange valve |
CN111980775A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 马勒国际有限公司 | Gas exchange valve |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2016198205A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
EP3307926A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
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