DE102014206270A1 - Battery system with a battery for supplying a high-voltage network and at least one switching unit for limiting a current flowing through the battery and the high-voltage terminals of the battery fault current and / or limiting a voltage applied from the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery to the high-voltage network voltage and corresponding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery system (100) having a battery (101) designed to supply at least two loads (140, 141) of a high-voltage network (103) connected in parallel to one another at one of its high-voltage terminals (130, 131) with at least two fuses (110, 111) is connected. In this case, one of the at least two fuses (110, 111) is assigned to one of the at least two consumers (140, 141) and can be connected to the assigned consumer (140, 141). The battery system (100) comprises at least one switching unit (155) with two switching states, which in a state in which the at least two consumers (140, 141) are connected to the high-voltage terminals (130, 131) of the battery (101) in one The first switching state of the two switching states, in which each fuse (110, 111) is flowed through in the presence of an operating current flowing through the associated load (140, 141), is connected and provided for triggering one of the at least two fuses (110 , 111) from the first switching state to a second switching state of the two switching states in which the at least one switching unit transmits one via the battery (101), the high-voltage terminals (130, 131) of the battery (101) and each consumer (140, 141 ) whose associated fuse (110, 111) has not tripped interrupts fault current and / or each of the battery (101) via the high voltage terminals (130, 131) of the Battery (101) and a non-triggered fuse (110, 111) to the high-voltage network (103) applied fault voltage off.

Description

The present invention relates to a battery system with a battery designed to supply at least two loads connected in parallel to one another of a high-voltage network. The invention also relates to a corresponding method for limiting a battery designed to supply at least two loads connected in parallel to one another of a high-voltage network and fault current flowing through the high-voltage terminals of the battery and / or for limiting one of the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery to the high-voltage network applied voltage. Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with a battery system as mentioned above.

State of the art

In vehicles (cars) battery systems are used with batteries, each of which can supply a high-voltage network with a high voltage (high voltage). Because of this, the battery cells or battery modules of such batteries are usually connected in series. Such batteries must then deliver even at high power only low currents. The batteries are connected via high-voltage cables with their high-voltage connections, that is, the terminals, via which the battery delivers the high-voltage to the high-voltage network. Normally, contactors are used in the high-voltage lines both at the positive and at the negative high-voltage connection of the battery. By means of the contactors, such a battery can be disconnected from the high-voltage network or from the remaining high-voltage system of the vehicle when parking or in a faulty functional state (faulty fault).

Such a contactor which can be used in the high-voltage lines of a battery 10 is in the 1 to 3 shown. The same reference numerals are used for the same components.

In the 1 is a closed contactor 10 and in the 2 an open contactor 10 shown. The contactor 10 is as a magnetic switch 11 with a control coil 20 educated. The magnetic switch 11 includes a movable contact bridge 30 and two terminals 40 , The contactor 10 closes in a state in which through the control coil 20 a control current flows, and opens in another state in which through the control coil 20 no electricity flows.

When a control current through the control coil 20 flows, becomes the contact bridge 30 by magnetic force to the terminals 40 moved towards and against these terminals 40 pressed. If through the control coil 20 no current flows, the contact bridge returns 30 immediately in their opposite the terminals 40 spaced position back.

To generate the control current, the control coil 20 be supplied with electrical energy, that is, the control coil 20 a suitable supply voltage must be provided.

The opening and closing of such contactors 10 is usually powered by a battery control device 60 the battery, in whose high-voltage cables the contactors 10 be used, performed by the shooter 10 via the battery control unit 60 be supplied with electrical energy. Usually, the battery control unit 60 the one of that as an energy source 50 low-voltage voltage of 12 V supplied to the contactors for the low-voltage network of a vehicle 10 passed on to generate the control current.

Such shooters 10 are usually closed by a high tightening voltage. Then it's going through the coil 20 flowing control current through a pulse width modulated signal or by a reduced supply voltage (holding voltage) or by an inserted economy coil ("Economizerspule") lowered 10 thus needs significantly less electrical power in its closed state. If the contactor 10 Nevertheless, operated with a higher electrical power, slightly increases the contact pressure of the contact bridge 30 on the terminals 40 , This overheats the control coil 20 after a while and burns through. After that the contactor opens 10 by a spring, which every time when closing the contactor 10 is biased, and is no longer functional.

Such contactors used in the high-voltage lines of a battery can separate currents of about 1 kA to 2 kA in a faulty functional state. For higher currents usually fuses (fuses) are used.

As it is in the 3 is shown, it comes for currents of more than 3 kA to 10 kA to one in a closed contactor 10 occurring Lorentz force 70 caused repulsion between the terminals 40 and the contact bridge 30 , Currents of more than 3 kA to 10 kA can occur, for example, in the presence of a short circuit in the high-voltage lines of the battery or in the presence of a short circuit in an inverter electrically coupled to the battery. This phenomenon is called levitation. In this case, despite active, flowing through the control current control coil 20 a small distance between the terminals 40 and the contact bridge 30 , About this air gap arcs are formed 71 that the Contact surfaces of the terminals 40 melt. If the short-circuit current is then interrupted by the fuse connected to the corresponding high-voltage terminal, the contact bridge pushes 30 the two melted terminals 40 together. This solidifies the material and the contact bridge 30 can after switching off by the control coil 20 flowing control current can not be opened. This mistake is called contact adhesive. The two terminals 40 of the contactor 10 are conductively connected and can not be separated.

If the shooter 10 be supplied by the low-voltage network of a vehicle with electrical energy and the 12 V-low voltage of the low-voltage network fails, then open the contactors 10 immediately. Even with voltage fluctuations in the low-voltage network of the vehicle there is a risk that the shooter 10 unintentionally open. If the shooter 10 open while flowing through a stream, then form from a certain strength of this by the shooter 10 flowing current, similar to the appearance of levitation, arcs 71 which is used to melt the contact surfaces of the terminals 40 the shooter 10 to lead. Will then be provided by the low-voltage network voltage of 12 V again completely stabilized, so that the shooter 10 can close again or becomes the contact bridge 30 closed again by a mechanical impact, the molten contact surfaces of the terminals stick together 40 and the shooter 10 weld.

The time in which such a contactor 10 must be able to carry a short-circuit current, without that in the closed contactor 10 Levitation occurs, is in an ideally sized contactor 10 always higher than the time the one the contactor 10 associated fuse (fuse) needed to disconnect this short circuit current. If a contactor 10 dimensioned, then welded the contactor 10 due to an occurring levitation not, after the disconnection of the short-circuit current by the triggered fuse still switchable and can disconnect the battery from the high-voltage network of the vehicle. This is of particular importance if the battery (the battery pack) must supply two consumers of a high-voltage network connected in parallel to their high-voltage connections and has no fuse arranged in their middle, but each consumer is individually protected by its own fuse.

4 shows a known from the prior art battery system 100 with a battery 101 , the two to their high-voltage connections 130 . 131 parallel consumers 140 . 141 a high-voltage network 103 provided. The battery 101 includes several series-connected battery modules 102 for generating one for the high-voltage network 103 suitable battery voltage. In each of the two high-voltage cables 120 . 121 the battery 101 is a contactor 10 arranged. The battery 101 can over one of the two shooters 10 with its positive high-voltage connection 130 and about the other of the two shooters 10 with its negative high-voltage connection 131 get connected.

The positive high-voltage connection 130 is with the consumer path 150 in which the consumer 140 is arranged, and with the consumer path 151 in which the consumer 141 is arranged, connected. The battery 101 of the battery system (battery pack) 100 has no fuse located in its center. Every consumer 140 . 141 is over an associated backup 110 . 111 of the battery system 100 individually secured. Both fuses 110 . 111 are with the high-voltage connection 130 directly connected.

This architecture above finds its use in battery systems 100 where the total battery current for a single fuse in the middle of the battery is too large, that is, there is no fuse on the market that will meet battery life requirements over the life of the battery 101 can fulfill. A short circuit in one of the consumer paths 150 . 151 solve the in this consumer path 150 . 151 arranged fuse 110 . 111 out. To the other consumer 140 . 141 and the high-voltage network 103 of the vehicle to de-energize, then open the two contactors 10 ,

However, there are still powerful battery systems that can generate short circuit currents of, for example, over 12000 A. In such battery systems, however, there is always the danger that levitations and thus also contactor adhesive will occur in the shooter. If such very powerful battery systems in the 4 illustrated architecture, the battery 101 in the presence of a protective adhesive in the shooter 10 no longer from a high-voltage network 103 of a vehicle. In the in the 4 illustrated battery system 100 For example, such a case would occur when in the consumer path 150 of the consumer 140 A low-resistance short circuit has occurred through which the fuse 110 blown. Both shooters 10 are glued in this case. The other consumer 141 and thus the high-voltage network 103 at the connection of this consumer 141 would be due to the fuse located in the intact functional state 111 the assigned consumer path 151 continue under tension. In other words, if this one in the 4 illustrated battery system 100 the shooter 10 by one in one of the consumers 140 . 141 welding occurring short-circuit current, the other consumer can 140 . 141 no longer be de-energized and there is a risk of electric shock to the touch of exposed parts of this other consumer 140 . 141 ,

Further, from the document US 2012/0105015 a Überladeschutzvorrichtung for a battery known. In this case, the overcharge protection device is designed to short-circuit the battery terminals of this battery in the presence of an overcharged battery. As a result, flows through a arranged between one of the battery cell terminals and the battery fuse such a high, generated by the overcharged battery current that triggers this fuse after a short time.

Disclosure of the invention

According to the invention, a battery system is provided with a battery designed to supply at least two loads connected in parallel to one another of a high-voltage network. The battery can be connected or connected to one of its high-voltage connections with at least two fuses. In each case, one of the at least two fuses is assigned to one of the at least two consumers and connected or connectable to the associated consumer. Furthermore, the battery system comprises at least one switching unit with two switching states, which in a state in which the at least two consumers are connected to the high-voltage terminals of the battery, in a first switching state of the two switching states in which each fuse in the presence of a flowing over the associated consumer Operating current is flowing through this, is connected. The at least one switching unit is provided, when triggering one of the at least two fuses from the first switching state to a second switching state of the two switching states in which the at least one switching unit via the battery, the high-voltage terminals of the battery and each consumer whose associated fuse not has triggered, disconnects flowing fault current and / or switches off any switched from the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery and a non-tripped fuse to the high-voltage network fault voltage.

The invention further provides a method for limiting a battery formed via a load for a high-voltage network connected in parallel to supply at least two parallel and fault current flowing through the high-voltage terminals of the battery and / or limiting an error voltage applied to the high-voltage network by the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery provided. The battery is connected to one of its high-voltage connections with at least two fuses. In each case one of the at least two fuses is assigned to one of the at least two consumers and connected to the assigned consumer. In the method, at least one switching unit with two switching states is used. In a state in which the at least two consumers are connected to the high-voltage terminals of the battery, the at least one switching unit is connected in a first switching state of the two switching states, in which each fuse flows through an operating current flowing via the associated consumer. Furthermore, when one of the at least two fuses is triggered, the at least one switching unit changes from the first switching state to a second switching state of the two switching states in which the at least one switching unit has not triggered one via the battery, the high-voltage terminals of the battery and each consumer whose associated fuse , interrupts flowing fault current and / or switches off any fault voltage applied by the battery via the high-voltage connections of the battery and a non-tripped fuse to the high-voltage network.

The dependent claims show preferred developments of the invention.

Preferably, the at least one switching unit is provided to interrupt the fault current directly by opening a circuit running across the battery, the high-voltage terminals of the battery and each consumer whose fuse is not tripped.

In the invention, at least two consumers connected in parallel of a high-voltage network can be connected to the high-voltage terminals of the battery of the battery system according to the invention. In this case, each of the at least two consumers is connected or connectable in series with an associated one of the at least two fuses, so that during normal operation of the battery system according to the invention, during which the at least two parallel connected consumers are connected to the high-voltage terminals, each of the at least two fuses in the presence of a flows through the respective associated load flowing operating current from this operating current. The battery system according to the invention comprises at least one switching unit with two switching states, which is connected during normal operation of the battery system according to the invention in a first switching state. In this case, the at least one switching unit is designed and arranged such that when it is switched in the first switching state, occurring during normal operation of the battery system operating current continues via the battery, the high-voltage terminals of the battery and the at least two connected consumers or over the switched on at least two consumers can flow undisturbed. Further, the at least one switching unit is designed and arranged such that when in one of the at least two consumers a short circuit occurs, as a result of which this consumer associated fuse triggers, the switching unit switches to the second switching state and via the battery, the high-voltage terminals of the battery and disconnects any load whose associated fuse has failed to break current leakage current and / or turns off any fault voltage applied to the high voltage network by the battery via the high voltage terminals of the battery and a non-tripped fuse.

In the battery system according to the invention, the battery with one of its high-voltage terminals is preferably connected via at least one contactor, which is flowing in its conducting state of a flowing through the battery and the high-voltage terminals of the battery current and in its non-conductive switching state this via the battery and the High voltage terminals interrupt the battery's flowing current. If, as a result of a short circuit occurring in one of the at least two consumers, the at least one contactor can weld and not open, then the previously mentioned fault current can flow via the battery, the high-voltage connections of the battery and each consumer whose associated fuse has not triggered. If, for example, at least one consumer whose associated fuse has not triggered is switched off or destroyed as a result of an accident, then no leakage current flows through this consumer. From the battery, however, an error voltage is applied to the high-voltage network via the high-voltage terminals of the battery and any unreleased fuse, which is assigned to a switched off or destroyed consumer. Consequently, any consumer whose fuse has not triggered, no longer be disconnected from power and there is a risk of the occurrence of an electric shock when touching exposed at each non-voltage consumers connected parts. By means of the at least one switching unit connected in the second switching state, the aforementioned fault current is interrupted and / or any fault voltage applied to the high-voltage network is switched off. As a result of the fault current being interrupted and / or any fault voltage applied to the high-voltage network being switched off, any consumer whose fuse has not tripped will also be de-energized.

Preferably, the at least one switching unit is provided by opening a via the battery, the high-voltage terminals of the battery and each consumer whose fuse is not triggered, running circuit on the battery, the high-voltage terminals of the battery and each consumer, its associated fuse not has triggered directly interrupting flowing fault current and / or directly switching off any fault voltage applied by the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery and an undeleted fuse to the high-voltage network.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the battery system according to the invention comprises a single switching unit, which is designed as a pyrotechnic separating element, and a control circuit. In this case, the pyrotechnic separating element in the state in which the at least two consumers are connected to the high-voltage terminals of the battery, in its conductive switching state in which the separating element is flowed through in the presence of an operating current flowing through the battery and the high-voltage terminals of the battery, connected. Furthermore, the separating element is provided to switch from its conductive switching state to its non-conductive switching state in the presence of a control signal provided by the control circuit or a control voltage provided by the latter. Furthermore, the control circuit is provided to determine the voltage dropping across each of the at least two fuses and to generate the control signal and to provide the separating element in the presence of a detected voltage that is equal to the tripping voltage occurring when the corresponding fuse is triggered, or in the presence of a at a release voltage dropping at least two fuses, to provide the separator with a corresponding portion of the trip voltage as the control voltage.

In this embodiment of the invention, the voltage drop across each blown fuse (fuse) is utilized by the control circuit in a very simple manner as a trigger for the pyrotechnic separator.

The control voltage preferably corresponds to a tripping voltage dropping across each of the at least two fuses. In this case, the control circuit is provided, in the presence of a dropping at one of the at least two fuses tripping the separation element to provide this tripping voltage as a control voltage directly.

More preferably, the control circuit is designed as an application-specific integrated circuit or as a programmable integrated circuit or as a microcontroller or as a semiconductor circuit, which preferably comprises a transistor or a Schmitt trigger.

In a further embodiment of the invention are connected to the high-voltage terminals of Battery two consumers connected in parallel can be connected and the battery system according to the invention has two switching units, which are each designed as a pyrotechnic separating element. In each case, a separating element of the two separating elements is assigned to a consumer of the two consumers. Furthermore, in the state in which two consumers are connected to the high-voltage terminals of the battery, each separating element is connected in its conducting switching state in which the corresponding separating element flows through in the presence of an operating current flowing through the associated consumer of the two consumers. Also, each separator is intended to switch in its non-conductive switching state in the presence of a falling at the non-associated consumer associated fuse and occurring when triggering this fuse tripping.

In a very advantageous embodiment of the invention, each separating element on two control lines whose connections are connected to the terminals of the unassigned consumer associated with him fuse. In this case, each separating element is designed to switch from its conductive switching state in its non-conductive switching state in the presence of a voltage present between the terminals of its drive lines, which is equal to the trigger voltage of the associated unassigned consumer fuse.

In this embodiment of the invention, each pyrotechnic separator is passively activated by providing the voltage drop across a blown fuse in a very simple manner directly to the corresponding separator via the drive lines.

Preferably, a resistor and / or a further fuse is arranged in one of the two control lines of each pyrotechnic separating element. As a result, a large current flowing through the corresponding drive lines can be limited in a very simple manner by the resistor or interrupted by the further fuse (fuse).

Preferably, the at least one switching unit is provided for interrupting the fault current flowing through the battery, the high-voltage terminals of the battery and each consumer whose associated fuse has not triggered by triggering each undelivered fuse and / or discharging each of the battery via the high-voltage terminals Switch off the battery and a non-tripped fuse to the fault voltage applied to the high-voltage network.

In a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one switching unit is designed as at least one closing element, in particular as at least one pyrotechnic closing element or as at least one contactor. Furthermore, in the state in which the at least two consumers are connected to the high-voltage terminals of the battery, the at least one closing element is connected in its non-conductive switching state in which no current flows through the at least one closing element. Furthermore, the at least one closing element is provided, when triggering one of the at least two fuses in its conductive switching state in which to trigger any untriggered fuse generated by the battery leakage current through the high-voltage terminals of the battery and via the consumer, its associated fuse has triggered that at least one closing element and each undelivered fuse flowing current path flows.

This fault current occurs, for example, when the battery is preferably connected to at least one of its high-voltage terminals via a contactor, which welded as a result of said short circuit and can not open.

In the presence of the fuse caused as a result of a short circuit occurring in one of the at least two consumers, such a fault current is conducted from the current path passing through each consumer, whose fuse has not tripped, to the current via the consumer, via the at least one switching unit connected in the second switching state Fuse, and redirected across each undelivered fuse. In this case, such a fault current is redirected by each consumer, whose fuse has not triggered by the consumer whose fuse has triggered is short-circuited by means of at least one switched in the second switching state switching unit. If, for example, at least one consumer whose associated fuse has not triggered is switched off or destroyed as a result of an accident, then this at least one consumer is also short-circuited by the at least one switching unit connected in the second switching state by the consumer affected by the short circuit. In this case, a fault current is then diverted from the current path that runs across each operative, switched-on consumer, whose fuse has not triggered, to the current path that runs across the load whose fuse has tripped, and via any untripped fuse. In any case, a fault current generated by the battery flows in the presence of a fuse triggered as a result of a short circuit occurring in one of the at least two consumers via the high-voltage terminals of the battery and one via the consumer whose fuse has triggered, the at least one switched in the second switching state switching unit and each untripped fuse extending current path.

As a result of a short circuit occurring in one of the at least two consumers, the resistance of this consumer affected by the short circuit is reduced considerably. As a result of the fact that the other consumers not affected by the short circuit are short-circuited by the consumer affected by the short circuit, a residual current flows through the affected consumer and the untripped fuses, with a significantly increased current value as a result of the considerably reduced resistance of the consumer concerned after a time to trigger each of the unreleased fuses. Thus, even in this case the fault current is interrupted and / or each of the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery and a non-triggered fuse to the high-voltage network applied error voltage, in particular each of the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery and a non-triggered fuse, the one switched off or destroyed consumer is assigned to the high-voltage network applied fault voltage, and thus disconnected any consumer whose fuse has not yet triggered due to said short circuit, switched off.

Preferably, the at least one closing element is provided to switch from its non-conductive switching state into its conductive switching state when at least one control signal provided by a battery control device arranged in the battery system is present. Furthermore, the battery control device is provided to detect the presence of a triggered fuse preferably based on an evaluation of the voltage dropping at each of the two fuses voltages and the presence of a tripped fuse to generate the at least one control signal and provide the at least one closing element.

The method according to the invention preferably comprises the functional features of the battery system according to the invention individually or in combination.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle with a battery system according to the invention.

A significant advantage of the invention is that in a battery system according to the invention comprising a battery which is connectable to at least one of its high-voltage terminals via a contactor and at the high-voltage terminals several parallel connected consumers of a high-voltage network can be connected, each secured via an associated fuse are, in the presence of a short circuit, as a result of which a contact adhesive of at least one contactor occurs, which can be separated from the high-voltage network through the battery and its high-voltage terminals running main circuit in a very simple manner by the use of at least one switching unit according to the invention. This increases the safety of a battery system according to the invention (battery pack) and ensures its full functionality.

An accident vehicle with a battery system according to the invention can therefore be safely touched by rescue workers.

Brief description of the drawings

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. For the same component, the same reference numerals are used. In the drawings are:

1 a known from the prior art contactor in the closed state,

2 that in the 1 illustrated contactor in the open state,

3 that in the 1 shown contactor in the presence of levitation,

4 a known from the prior art battery system with a trained for supplying a high-voltage network battery, the battery with at least one of its high-voltage terminals via a in the 1 to 3 shown contactor is connectable,

5 a battery system according to a first embodiment of the invention, wherein the battery system comprises a switching unit according to the invention, which is designed as a pyrotechnic separating element,

6 a battery system according to a second embodiment of the invention, wherein the battery system comprises two switching units according to the invention, each formed as a pyrotechnic separating element,

7 a battery system according to a third embodiment of the invention, wherein the battery system comprises a closing element according to the invention,

8th an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery system according to the third embodiment of the invention,

9 a closing element for the battery system according to the third embodiment of the invention, which is designed as a pyrotechnic closing element, which is shown in a state in which the pyrotechnic charge of the pyrotechnic closing element is ignited by means of an ignition signal,

10 that in the 9 illustrated pyrotechnic closure element, which is shown in a state occurring immediately after the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge, and

11 that in the 10 illustrated pyrotechnic closure element, which is shown in a further occurring after the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge state

Embodiments of the invention

5 shows a battery system 100 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The battery system 100 includes a battery 101 , the two to their high-voltage connections 130 . 131 parallel consumers 140 . 141 a high-voltage network 103 provided. The battery 101 includes several series-connected battery modules 102 for generating one for the high-voltage network 103 suitable battery voltage. In each of the two high-voltage cables 120 . 121 the battery 101 is a contactor 10 arranged. The battery 101 can over one of the two shooters 10 with its positive high-voltage connection 130 and about the other of the two shooters 10 with its negative high-voltage connection 131 get connected.

The positive high-voltage connection 130 is with the consumer path 150 in which the consumer 140 is arranged, and with the consumer path 151 in which the consumer 141 is arranged, connected. In every consumer path 150 . 151 is one each to the corresponding consumer 140 . 141 associated fuse 110 . 111 arranged. Both fuses 110 . 111 are with the high-voltage connection 130 directly connected.

A short circuit in one of the consumer paths 150 . 151 solve the in this consumer path 150 . 151 arranged fuse 110 . 111 out. To the other consumer 140 . 141 and the high-voltage network 103 of the vehicle to de-energize, then open the two contactors 10 ,

In such a battery system according to the invention, short-circuit currents of, for example, more than 12,000 A can occur. In the presence of such a high short-circuit current but there is always the danger that levitations and thus also protective adhesive in the shooter 10 occur. Such a high short-circuit current may occur, for example, when in the consumer path 150 of the consumer 140 a low-resistance short circuit occurs as a result of the fuse 110 blown. Both shooters 10 are glued in this case. The other consumer 141 and thus the high-voltage network 103 at the connection of this consumer 141 would be due to the fuse located in the intact functional state 111 the assigned consumer path 151 continue under tension. To the battery 101 in such a case still of their high-voltage connections 130 . 131 to be able to separate was in the battery system according to the invention 100 according to the first embodiment of the invention, a pyrotechnic separating element 155 Used in the over the battery 101 , the shooter 10 and the high-voltage connections 130 . 131 running main circuit (main current path) 104 the battery 101 is arranged.

In the battery system 100 according to the first embodiment of the invention, the voltage drop across a blown fuse (fuse) 110 . 111 as a trigger for the pyrotechnic separating element (pyrotechnic separating device) 155 used. This is an intelligent and fast control of the pyrotechnic separating element 155 reached. In this case, the voltage drops U1, U2 via the two fuses (fuses) 110 . 111 in each case by two wire lines 162 . 163 . 164 . 165 , respectively, in front of and behind the corresponding fuse 110 . 111 be connected to one in the battery system 100 arranged control circuit (control electronics) 160 , which is designed for example as a control unit, passed. The pyrotechnic separator 155 can from the control circuit 160 for example via the control line 161 be controlled.

Now burn one of the fuses 110 . 111 through, then arises at this moment a high voltage drop at this fuse 110 . 111 , This voltage drop triggers electrically or electronically in the control circuit 160 in turn, the ignition of the pyrotechnic separation element 155 out. After the pyrotechnic separator 155 the main circuit 104 the battery 101 has disconnected, is the battery 100 from the high voltage network 103 , which is for example the high voltage network of a vehicle, separated. In this case, such a vehicle would then be tension-free.

The control circuit 160 responds to changes in the voltage drops U1, U2 over the fuses 110 . 111 , Occurs a short circuit, for example, in the consumer 140 on, so the short-circuit current in the consumer path 150 of consumer 140 after a certain time by triggering the fuse 110 separated. In the moment in which the short-circuit current is disconnected, results in the fuse 110 in the persistence of this external short circuit, a voltage drop U1 which approximately corresponds to the battery voltage (battery pack voltage). The voltage drops are via further contact resistance in these via the battery 101 , the high-voltage connections 130 . 131 and the consumers 140 . 141 running circuits negligible.

This is at the fuse 110 resulting voltage drop U1, which amounted to 0 V before the short circuit and which after burning through the corresponding fuse 110 jumps to a trigger voltage that is almost at the battery voltage level, releases the pyrotechnic separator 155 prefers directly.

Alternatively, the control circuit 160 built as a hardware-related circuit. The control circuit 160 This includes an ASIC module (not shown separately) or an FPGA module (not shown separately) that detects the voltage drops U1, U2 across the fuses 110 . 111 read in directly and burn one of the fuses 110 . 111 the control signal (trigger pulse or ignition signal) for triggering the pyrotechnic separating element 155 produce. The advantage of using such a hardware-based circuit is the extremely fast response time of these devices compared to the response time of a common microcontroller and the increased reliability over the aforementioned direct use of the voltage drops U1, U2.

Preferably, the control circuit 160 a microcontroller (not shown separately), which reads in the voltage drops U1, U2 and evaluates and burns one of the fuses 110 . 111 the control signal (trigger pulse or ignition signal) for triggering the pyrotechnic separating element 155 generated.

Optional is the control circuit 160 built from a pure semiconductor circuit. The semiconductor circuit includes a voltage divider (not shown separately) connected to the fuses 110 . 111 sloping voltages U1, U2 divides. Preferably, a transistor (not shown separately) connected to this voltage divider, which is formed for example as a field effect transistor or as a bipolar transistor. The transistor switches from a certain threshold voltage, a control voltage (supply voltage) to the triggering device of the pyrotechnic separation element 155 by. To create a clean edge, more preferably elements such as a Schmitt trigger (not shown separately) may be used at the location of a single transistor.

6 shows a battery system 100 according to a second embodiment of the invention. Unlike the one in the 5 The illustrated battery system according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises the battery system 100 according to the second embodiment of the invention instead of the individual pyrotechnic separating element 155 and the control circuit 160 two individual pyrotechnic separating elements 170 . 180 , Again, every consumer can 140 . 141 be designed as an inverter.

Each pyrotechnic separating element (Pyroswitch) 170 . 180 is in a respectively assigned consumer path 150 . 151 arranged. In this case, each pyrotechnic separating element 170 . 180 four connections. Two of the four connections are the main connections (main contacts) of each pyrotechnic separator 170 . 180 formed and the other two of the four terminals of each pyrotechnic separation element 170 . 180 are designed as drive terminals (secondary contacts). The two main connections of each pyrotechnic separator 170 . 180 are each in the associated consumer path 150 . 151 integrated. If at the two drive terminals of each pyrotechnic separation element 170 . 180 a predetermined voltage or current is applied, provides in the corresponding separator 170 . 180 arranged initiator (not shown separately) for a pressure build-up in the chamber of the respective separating element 170 . 180 which leads to a mechanical separation of the between the main terminals of the affected separating element 170 . 180 extending and within the corresponding separating element 170 . 180 current path (not shown separately) leads. With a mechanical separation of the internal, within each separator 170 . 180 current path, also becomes that consumer path 150 . 151 separated, in which the corresponding pyrotechnic separating element 170 . 180 located.

In the second embodiment of the invention, each pyrotechnic separating element 170 . 180 passively activated. This means that the two are connected to the drive terminals of the consumer path 150 located pyrotechnic separation element 170 connected control lines 171 . 172 on both sides of the consumer path 151 located fuse 111 are arranged and the two with the Ansteueranschlüssen of in the consumer path 151 located pyrotechnic separation element 180 connected control lines 181 . 182 on both sides of the consumer path 150 located fuse 110 are arranged.

If, for example, in the consumer 140 , which is designed, for example, as an inverter, a short circuit occurs, as a result of which the shooter 10 for example because of one in the respective contactor 10 contactor adhesive failed or not open in time and at the same time the fuse 110 triggers, falls over the fuse 110 the voltage U1, which is in the order of the total battery voltage (battery pack voltage). The voltage drop U1 at this triggered fuse 110 leads to a flow of current in the control lines 181 . 182 the pyrotechnic separation element 180 that is in the consumer path 151 of the consumer 141 is not affected by the short circuit. This current flow also leads to activation of the corresponding pyrotechnic separating element 180 that in its activated state the consumer path 151 of the consumer 141 interrupts. Thus, the consumer becomes 141 switched off (de-energized).

If, for example, in the consumer 141 , which is also designed as an inverter, for example, a short circuit occurs, as a result of which the shooter 10 for example because of one in the respective contactor 10 Protective adhesive does not open or not open in time and at the same time the other backup 111 triggers, falls over this fuse 111 the voltage U2, which is also in the order of the total battery voltage (battery pack voltage). The voltage drop U2 at this triggered fuse 111 leads to a flow of current in the control lines 171 . 172 the pyrotechnic separation element 170 that is in the consumer path 150 of the consumer 140 which was not affected by the short circuit in this case. This current flow leads to an activation of the corresponding pyrotechnic separating element 170 that in its activated state the consumer path 150 of the consumer 140 interrupts. Thus, the consumer becomes 140 switched off (de-energized).

In the battery system 100 According to the second embodiment of the invention, the voltage drop U1, U2 over a blown fuse 110 . 111 each used to the corresponding of the two pyrotechnic separating elements 170 . 180 to ignite. If the fuse 110 burns out, this blown fuse 110 via the control lines 181 . 182 the pyrotechnic separation element 180 shorted. If the other fuse 111 Burns, this other blown fuse 111 via the control lines 171 . 172 the pyrotechnic separation element 170 shorted.

It is preferred to limit the over the Ansteuerleitungen 171 . 172 when blowing the fuse 111 flowing current in each case an ohmic resistance (not shown separately) or alternatively a fuse (not shown separately) in the control lines 171 . 172 built-in. The use of an ohmic resistor or a fuse (fuse) in the control lines 171 . 172 causes the control lines 171 . 172 each not be subjected to excessive thermal stress. This also prevents after the ignition of the pyrotechnic separation element 170 a dangerous voltage across the control lines 171 . 172 to the consumer 141 and so on to the high-voltage network 103 , for example, the high-voltage network 103 A vehicle is being passed on, even though it is in the consumer path 151 of the consumer 141 located fuse 111 blown and this consumer path 151 has separated.

Further preferred is the limitation of the over the control lines 181 . 182 when blowing the fuse 110 flowing current in each case an ohmic resistance (not shown separately) or alternatively a fuse (not shown separately) in the Ansteuerleitungen 181 . 182 built-in. The use of an ohmic resistor or a fuse (fuse) in the control lines 181 . 182 leads to the fact that also the control lines 181 . 182 each not be subjected to excessive thermal stress. This also prevents after the ignition of the pyrotechnic separation element 180 also via the control lines 181 . 182 a dangerous voltage to the consumer 140 and so on to the high-voltage network 103 , for example, the high-voltage network 103 A vehicle is being passed on, even though it is in the consumer path 150 of the consumer 140 located fuse 110 blown and this consumer path 150 has separated.

Such pyrotechnic separating elements are in the low-voltage network ( 12 V-network) of vehicles have long been used in the series, the control lines of such pyrotechnic separation elements are activated via the airbag control unit. The disadvantage here is that the pyrotechnic separating elements used in this way can separate only low currents at high voltages.

7 shows a battery system 100 according to a third embodiment of the invention. Unlike the one in the 5 The illustrated battery system according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises the battery system 100 according to the third embodiment of the invention instead of the individual pyrotechnic separating element 155 and the control circuit 160 a single closing element 190 , which is open in its non-activated state and can not conduct electricity and in its activated state is closed and can conduct a current. In the 7 is the closing element 190 in its non-activated state, that is, in its open state. The closing element 190 is at one of its two ports to the one in the consumer path 150 arranged fuse 110 connected directly to the one in the consumer path 150 arranged consumers 140 and at the other of its two ports to that port in the other consumer path 151 arranged fuse 111 connected directly to the other in the consumer path 151 arranged consumers 141 connected is. Again, every consumer can 140 . 141 be designed as an inverter.

Will the battery system of the invention 100 according to the third embodiment of the invention for supplying the high-voltage network 103 a vehicle (not shown) used, so is the closing element 190 Preferably on the vehicle side opposite the fuses 110 . 111 the two consumer paths 150 . 151 arranged. This closing element 190 is normally open. Preferably when a short circuit occurs in the consumer 140 , as a result of which this consumer 140 associated fuse 110 triggers, the closing element 190 activated. If the shooter 10 weld as a result of this short circuit flows through the activated closing element 190 , the consumer affected by the short circuit 140 and the consumer not affected by the short circuit 141 associated fuse 111 as long as a current until the fuse 111 triggers. Thus, the consumer not affected by the short circuit can 141 or the circuit of the consumer not affected by the short circuit 141 be switched off.

Further preferred is the closing element 190 even when a short circuit occurs in the other consumer 141 , as a result of which this other consumer 141 associated fuse 111 triggers, activates. If the shooter 10 weld as a result of this short circuit flows through the activated closing element 190 , the other consumers affected by the short circuit 141 and the consumer not affected by the short circuit 140 associated fuse 110 then a power until the fuse 110 triggers. Thus, the consumer not affected by the short circuit can 140 or the circuit of the consumer not affected by the short circuit 140 be switched off. Overall, all the dangers, for example, when touching open lying components (parts) of a consumer not affected by the short circuit 140 . 141 at which dangerously high voltages are present, or by overcharging the battery via the circuit of a consumer not affected by the short circuit 140 . 141 occur, are excluded. The most dangerous situation can occur when the battery 100 via the circuit of a consumer not affected by the short circuit 140 . 141 is overcharged and the battery cells of the battery 101 into a very dangerous exothermic reaction. It can also happen that the components of a consumer not affected by the short circuit 140 . 141 were damaged by an accident and are lying open. Then the contact of such components can lead to an electric shock.

The shooter 10 can weld when in one of the consumer 140 . 141 a short circuit occurs, as a result of which a high short-circuit current of usually greater than 3 kA to 7 kA arises. If that is the case, release the appropriate fuse 110 . 111 immediately afterwards within a few milliseconds. In the 7 were the over the fuse 110 falling voltage with U1 and the above the fuse 111 declining voltage marked U2.

Preferred is a battery control unit (not shown separately) of the battery system 100 the presence of a triggered fuse 110 . 111 and / or at least one bonded contactor 10 detected. Further preferred is by the battery control device in the presence of a tripped fuse 110 . 111 and / or at least one bonded contactor 10 the closing element according to the invention (closing unit) 190 activated.

Locking elements can basically be designed as normal switches. As a result of the fact that commercially available switches can not switch on such short-circuit currents of up to 10 kA, they are suitable for the closing element according to the invention (closing unit). 190 Special designs. The closing element according to the invention may preferably be designed as a contactor, which is open in the non-activated state (normaly open) and which switches by applying a control voltage in its activated state in which the contactor is closed. The closing element according to the invention 190 may preferably be formed as a conventional pyrotechnic closing device, in which a bolt is accelerated by a pyrotechnic charge and thus accelerated bolt short-circuits two bus bars.

In the 8th is an equivalent circuit diagram of the battery system according to the invention 100 illustrated according to the third embodiment of the invention. In the 8th is shown by several arrows of the current flow, the occurrence of a short circuit in the consumer 140 , as a result of which this consumer 140 associated fuse 110 triggers and the shooter 10 of the battery system 100 weld in the battery system 100 occurs after the closing element 190 has been activated. In this case flows over the battery 101 , the high-voltage connections 130 . 131 the battery 101 , the activated closing element 190 , the consumer affected by the short circuit 140 and the consumer not affected by the short circuit 141 associated fuse 111 as long as a current until the fuse 111 triggers.

In the 9 to 11 is an inventive closing element 190 represented as a pyrotechnic closing element (PCD) 191 is trained

In the 9 is the pyrotechnic closing element 191 presented in a state in which the pyrotechnic charge 210 the pyrotechnic closure element 191 by means of an ignition signal 200 is ignited. In the 8th are also the busbars 230 . 231 the pyrotechnic closure element 191 represented by the bolt 220 the pyrotechnic closure element 191 not yet shorted.

In the 10 is the pyrotechnic closing element 191 in an immediately after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 210 occurring state in which the bolt 220 through the pyrotechnic charge 210 is accelerated and in which the busbars 230 . 231 not yet from the bolt 220 the pyrotechnic closure element 191 are shorted.

In the 11 is the pyrotechnic closing element 191 in another after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 210 occurring state in which the by the pyrotechnic charge 210 accelerated bolts 220 the busbars 230 . 231 shorted.

In addition to the above written disclosure is hereby further disclosure of the invention supplementary to the representation in the 5 to 11 Referenced.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2012/0105015 [0017]

Claims (17)

Battery system ( 100 ) having at least two parallel connected consumers ( 140 . 141 ) of a high-voltage network ( 103 ) trained battery ( 101 ) connected to one of its high-voltage terminals ( 130 . 131 ) with at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) is connectable or connectable, wherein in each case one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) one of the at least two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) and with the associated consumer ( 140 . 141 ) is connected or connectable, characterized by at least one switching unit ( 155 . 170 . 180 . 190 ) having two switching states which are in a state in which the at least two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) to the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) are connected, in a first switching state of the two switching states in which each fuse ( 110 . 111 ) in the presence of one of the associated consumers ( 140 . 141 ) is flowing through this flowing operating current, is connected and is provided, when triggering one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) from the first switching state to a second switching state of the two switching states, in which the at least one switching unit ( 155 . 170 . 180 . 190 ) one over the battery ( 101 ), the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) and every consumer ( 140 . 141 ), its associated backup ( 110 . 111 ) does not trip, flowing fault current interrupts and / or any of the battery ( 101 ) via the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) and an untriggered fuse ( 110 . 111 ) to the high-voltage network ( 103 ) applied fault voltage turns off. Battery system ( 100 ) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one switching unit ( 155 . 170 . 180 ) is provided by opening one over the battery ( 101 ), the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) and every consumer ( 140 . 141 ), its associated backup ( 110 . 111 ) is not triggered, running circuit to interrupt the fault current directly and / or directly switch off the fault voltage or the at least one switching unit ( 190 ) by triggering each undelivered fuse ( 110 . 111 ) interrupt the fault current and / or switch off the fault voltage. Battery system ( 100 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2, comprising a single switching unit serving as a pyrotechnic separating element ( 155 ), and a control circuit ( 160 ), wherein the pyrotechnic separating element ( 155 ) in the state in which the at least two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) to the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) are connected, in its conductive switching state in which the separating element ( 155 ) in the presence of one of the battery ( 101 ) and the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) is flowing through this flowing operating current, is connected and is provided, in the presence of one of the control circuit ( 160 ), or a control voltage provided by the latter, from its conducting switching state to its non-conducting switching state, and wherein the control circuit ( 160 ) is provided to each of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) to determine falling voltages (U1, U2) and in the presence of a determined voltage (U1, U2), which with the triggering of the corresponding fuse ( 110 . 111 ) triggering voltage is equal to generate the control signal and the separating element ( 155 ) or if one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) falling trigger voltage the separator ( 155 ) to provide a corresponding portion of the tripping voltage as a control voltage. Battery system ( 100 ) according to claim 3, wherein the control voltage of one at each of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) falling trigger voltage and the control circuit ( 160 ) is provided, if one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) falling trigger voltage the separator ( 155 ) to provide this trip voltage directly as a control voltage. Battery system ( 100 ) according to claim 3, wherein the control circuit ( 160 ) is designed as an application-specific integrated circuit or as a programmable integrated circuit or as a microcontroller or as a semiconductor circuit, which preferably comprises a transistor or a Schmitt trigger. Battery system ( 100 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the high-voltage terminals ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) two parallel consumers ( 140 . 141 ) and the battery system ( 100 ) has two switching units, each as a pyrotechnic separating element ( 170 . 180 ) are formed, wherein in each case a separating element of the two separating elements ( 170 . 180 ) one of the consumers of the two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) and wherein each separating element ( 170 . 180 ) in the state in which the two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) to the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) are connected, in its conductive switching state in which the corresponding separating element ( 170 . 180 ) in the presence of one by the associated consumer of the two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) is flowing through this flowing operating current, is connected and is provided, in the presence of a non-assigned to the consumer ( 140 . 141 assigned) Fuse ( 110 . 111 ) and when triggering this fuse ( 110 . 111 ) occurring trigger voltage to switch to its non-conductive switching state. Battery system ( 100 ) according to claim 6, wherein each separating element ( 170 . 180 ) two control lines ( 171 . 172 . 181 . 182 ) whose terminals are connected to the terminals of the consumer not assigned to it ( 140 . 141 ) associated fuse ( 110 . 111 ), and wherein each separating element ( 170 . 180 ) is designed, in the presence of a between the terminals of its control lines ( 171 . 172 . 181 . 182 ) voltage (U1, U2), which is equal to the trigger voltage of the unassigned consumer ( 140 . 141 ) associated fuse ( 110 . 111 ) is to switch from its conducting state to its non-conducting state. Battery system ( 100 ) according to claim 7, wherein in one of the two drive lines ( 171 . 172 . 181 . 182 ) of each pyrotechnic separating element ( 170 . 180 ) a resistor and / or another fuse is arranged. Battery system ( 100 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one switching unit as at least one closing element ( 190 ), in particular as at least one pyrotechnic closing element ( 191 ) or as at least one contactor is formed, wherein the at least one closing element ( 190 ) in the state in which the at least two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) to the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) are connected, in its non-conductive switching state in which by the at least one closing element ( 190 ) no current flows, is switched and is intended, when triggering one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) in its conductive switching state in which to trigger each untriggered fuse ( 110 . 111 ) of the battery ( 101 ) generated fault current via the high-voltage terminals ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) and one about the consumer ( 140 . 141 ), its associated backup ( 110 . 111 ), the at least one closing element ( 190 ) and any unreleased fuse ( 110 . 111 ) running current path flows to switch. Battery system ( 100 ) according to claim 9, wherein the at least one closing element ( 190 ) is provided, in the presence of at least one of the batteries in the battery system ( 100 ) arranged battery control device from its non-conductive switching state to its conductive switching state and the battery control device is provided to detect the presence of a tripped fuse ( 110 . 111 ) preferably based on an evaluation of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) each falling voltages (U1, U2) to detect and in the presence of a tripped fuse ( 110 . 111 ) generate the at least one control signal and the at least one closing element ( 190 ). Method for limiting a load connected to a consumer for supplying at least two consumers connected in parallel ( 140 . 141 ) of a high-voltage network ( 103 ) trained battery ( 101 ) and via the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) flowing fault current and / or for limiting one of the battery ( 101 ) via the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) to the high-voltage network ( 103 ) applied fault voltage, the battery ( 101 ) at one of its high-voltage terminals ( 130 . 131 ) with at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) and one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) one of the at least two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) and with the assigned consumer ( 140 . 141 ), characterized in that at least one switching unit ( 155 . 170 . 180 . 190 ) is used with two switching states, wherein the at least one switching unit ( 155 . 170 . 180 . 190 ) in a state in which the at least two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) to the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) are connected, in a first switching state of the two switching states in which each fuse ( 110 . 111 ) in the presence of one of the associated consumers ( 140 . 141 ) is flowing through this flowing operating current, and wherein the at least one switching unit ( 155 . 170 . 180 . 190 ) when one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) from the first switching state to a second switching state of the two switching states, in which the at least one switching unit ( 155 . 170 . 180 . 190 ) one over the battery ( 101 ), the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) and every consumer ( 140 . 141 ), whose associated shear ( 110 . 111 ) does not trip, flowing fault current interrupts and / or any of the battery ( 101 ) via the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) and an untriggered fuse ( 110 . 111 ) to the high-voltage network ( 103 ) switched off, is switched. Method according to claim 11, wherein by opening one over the battery ( 101 ), the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) and every consumer ( 140 . 141 ), its fuse ( 110 . 111 ) is triggered, running circuit by means of at least one switching unit ( 155 . 170 . 180 ) the fault current is interrupted directly and / or the fault voltage is switched off directly or by triggering each undelivered fuse ( 110 . 111 ) by means of the at least one switching unit ( 190 ) the fault current is interrupted and / or the fault voltage is switched off. Method according to one of claims 11 or 12, wherein a single switching unit serving as a pyrotechnic separating element ( 155 ), and a control circuit ( 160 ), wherein the pyrotechnic separating element ( 155 ) in the state in which the at least two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) to the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) are connected, in its conductive switching state in which the separating element ( 155 ) in the presence of a via the battery cell ( 101 ) and the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) is flowing through this flowing operating current, and in the presence of one of the control circuit ( 160 ) is switched from its conductive switching state to its non-conductive switching state and wherein by means of the control circuit ( 160 ) at each of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) falling voltages (U1, U2) is determined and in the presence of a detected voltage (U1, U2), which with the triggering of the corresponding fuse ( 110 . 111 ) occurring trigger voltage is equal, the control signal is generated and the separating element ( 155 ) or by means of the control circuit ( 160 ) if one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) falling trigger voltage the separator ( 155 ) A corresponding part of the trigger voltage is provided as a control voltage. A method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the high-voltage terminals ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) two parallel consumers ( 140 . 141 ) and two switching units are used, each as a pyrotechnic separating element ( 170 . 180 ) are formed, wherein in each case a separating element of the two separating elements ( 170 . 180 ) a consumer of the two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) and wherein each separating element ( 170 . 180 ) in the state in which the two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) to the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) are connected, in its conductive switching state in which the corresponding separating element ( 170 . 180 ) if there is one by the associated consumer ( 140 . 141 ) is flowing through this flowing operating current, and is connected to the presence of a consumer not assigned to him ( 140 . 141 ) associated fuse ( 110 . 111 ) and when triggering this fuse ( 110 . 111 ) occurring trigger voltage is switched to its non-conductive switching state. Method according to one of claims 11 or 12, wherein at least one switching unit is used, which as at least one closing element ( 190 ), wherein the at least one closing element ( 190 ) in the state in which the at least two consumers ( 140 . 141 ) to the high-voltage connections ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) are connected, in its non-conductive switching state in which by the at least one closing element ( 190 ) no current flows, is switched and when triggering one of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) in its conductive switching state in which to trigger each untriggered fuse ( 110 . 111 ) of the battery ( 101 ) generated fault current via the high-voltage terminals ( 130 . 131 ) of the battery ( 101 ) and one about the consumer ( 140 . 141 ), its associated backup ( 110 . 111 ), the at least one closing element ( 190 ) and any unreleased fuse ( 110 . 111 ) running current path flows, is switched. The method of claim 15, wherein in the presence of at least one control signal provided by a battery control device, the at least one closing element ( 190 ) is switched from its non-conductive switching state to its conductive switching state and wherein by means of the battery control device, the presence of a tripped fuse ( 110 . 111 ) preferably based on an evaluation of the at least two fuses ( 110 . 111 ) each falling voltage (U1, U2) is detected and in the presence of a tripped fuse ( 110 . 111 ) generates the at least one control signal and the at least one closing element ( 190 ) provided. Vehicle with a battery system ( 100 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

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