DE102016106661A1 - Electric circuit for an electrically driven vehicle - Google Patents
Electric circuit for an electrically driven vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102016106661A1 DE102016106661A1 DE102016106661.3A DE102016106661A DE102016106661A1 DE 102016106661 A1 DE102016106661 A1 DE 102016106661A1 DE 102016106661 A DE102016106661 A DE 102016106661A DE 102016106661 A1 DE102016106661 A1 DE 102016106661A1
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- contactor
- circuit
- electric motor
- subcircuit
- vehicle
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
- B60L2220/42—Electrical machine applications with use of more than one motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung stellt eine elektrische Schaltung für ein elektrisch angetriebenes Fahrzeug mit den folgenden Merkmalen bereit: Die Schaltung (10) umfasst eine erste Teilschaltung (11), eine parallel zu der ersten Teilschaltung (11) geschaltete zweite Teilschaltung (12) und den Teilschaltungen gemeinsame Pole (+, –) zum Verbinden der Teilschaltungen mit einer Hochvoltbatterie (13) des Fahrzeuges; die erste Teilschaltung (11) umfasst einen ersten Elektromotor (21) und ein seriell zu dem ersten Elektromotor (21) geschaltetes erstes Schaltschütz (15) zum Trennen der ersten Teilschaltung (11) von der Hochvoltbatterie (13); die zweite Teilschaltung (12) umfasst einen zweiten Elektromotor (22) und ein seriell zu dem zweiten Elektromotor (22) geschaltetes zweites Schaltschütz (16) zum Trennen der zweiten Teilschaltung (12) von der Hochvoltbatterie (13); und die Schaltung (10) ist derart eingerichtet, dass der zweite Elektromotor (22) unter Volllast betrieben wird, wenn das erste Schaltschütz (15) die erste Teilschaltung (11) von der Hochvoltbatterie (13) trennt.
Die Erfindung stellt ferner ein entsprechendes Fahrzeug bereit. The invention provides an electric circuit for an electrically driven vehicle having the following features: The circuit (10) comprises a first subcircuit (11), a second subcircuit (12) connected in parallel to the first subcircuit (11) and common poles to the subcircuits (+, -) for connecting the sub-circuits with a high-voltage battery (13) of the vehicle; the first subcircuit (11) comprises a first electric motor (21) and a first contactor (15) connected in series with the first electric motor (21) for disconnecting the first subcircuit (11) from the high-voltage battery (13); the second subcircuit (12) comprises a second electric motor (22) and a second contactor (16) serially connected to the second electric motor (22) for disconnecting the second subcircuit (12) from the high voltage battery (13); and the circuit (10) is arranged such that the second electric motor (22) is operated under full load when the first contactor (15) disconnects the first subcircuit (11) from the high-voltage battery (13).
The invention further provides a corresponding vehicle.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Schaltung für ein elektrisch angetriebenes Fahrzeug. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft darüber hinaus ein entsprechendes Fahrzeug. The present invention relates to an electric circuit for an electrically driven vehicle. The present invention also relates to a corresponding vehicle.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Bekannt sind zweiachsige Fahrzeuge mit elektromechanischem Achsantrieb. Dabei treibt jeweils eine elektrische Maschine die Vorder- und Hinterachse des Fahrzeugs an. Die elektrischen Maschinen werden typischerweise durch eine Hochvoltbatterie versorgt, sind zueinander parallel verschaltet und bilden so zwei Teilschaltkreise. Vor und nach jeder elektrischen Maschine können Schütze zur Sicherheitsabschaltung vorgesehen sein. Two-axle vehicles with electromechanical final drive are known. In each case, an electric machine drives the front and rear axle of the vehicle. The electrical machines are typically powered by a high-voltage battery, are connected in parallel to form two subcircuits. Before and after each electrical machine contactors can be provided for safety shutdown.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Die Erfindung stellt eine elektrische Schaltung und ein entsprechendes Fahrzeug gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen bereit. The invention provides an electrical circuit and a corresponding vehicle according to the independent claims.
Dem erfindungsgemäßen Ansatz liegt dabei die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass beim Trennen der stromdurchflossenen elektrischen Kontakte eines der Schaltschütze ein sogenannter Schaltlichtbogen entstehen kann. Insbesondere bei einem Kurzschluss in einem Teilschaltkreis können die Schütze dabei durch sehr hohe Ströme beschädigt werden, da der Strom – abhängig von der Durchschlagsfestigkeit des Isolators – beim leichten Öffnen der Kontakte in Form einer Funkenentladung oder einer Bogenentladung durch den ionisierten Isolator weiterfließt. The approach according to the invention is based on the finding that, when the current-carrying electrical contacts of one of the contactors are disconnected, a so-called switching arc can occur. In particular, in the case of a short circuit in a subcircuit, the contactors can be damaged by very high currents because the current - depending on the dielectric strength of the insulator - continues to flow when the contacts are opened slightly in the form of a spark discharge or an arc discharge through the ionized insulator.
Die Erfindung erkennt, dass eine solche Entladung zusätzlich gefördert wird, wenn sich im Moment des Abhebens der Kontakte voneinander durch hohe Stromdichten an den Abrisspunkten heiße Stellen bilden, die Glühemission und die Nachlieferung von Metallionen in den Isolator – meist Luft – bewirken. Durch Stoßionisation wie bei einer Gasentladung sinkt nun die Brennspannung und erschwert die Unterbrechung des Kurzschlussstroms. Ein resultierender Kontaktabbrand schweißt das betroffene Schütz derart zusammen, dass seine Kontakte nicht getrennt werden können. Der solchermaßen bedingte Ausfall eines Schaltschützes ist dem Fachmann als „Verkleben“ vertraut. The invention recognizes that such a discharge is additionally promoted if, at the moment of lifting off of the contacts from each other by high current densities at the breakpoints hot spots form, the Glühemission and the subsequent delivery of metal ions in the insulator - usually air - effect. By collision ionization as in a gas discharge now decreases the burning voltage and makes the interruption of the short-circuit current difficult. A resulting contact erosion welds the affected contactor in such a way that its contacts can not be separated. The thus caused failure of a contactor is familiar to the expert as "gluing".
Ein Vorzug der vorgeschlagenen Lösung liegt entsprechend in ihrer Fähigkeit, bei einem Kurzschluss eines Teilstromkreises die Schütze zu entlasten. Dazu wird bei einem Kurzschluss in einem ersten Teilschaltkreis der jeweils andere zweite Teilschaltkreis maximal belastet und der Strom der Hochvoltbatterie in den zweiten Teilschaltkreis geleitet, um die zur Verfügung stehende Energie im Kurzschlussfall definiert auf den anderen Lastkreis zu führen und die im Kurzschlusskreis verbauten Schütze zu entlasten. An diesen Schützen liegt nun tendenziell weniger Spannung an, die sie trennen müssen; die Gefahr, dass sie beim Trennen gleichsam „verkleben“ – dann könnten sie nicht mehr öffnen – wird verringert. Durch die vorgeschlagene elektrische Schutzschaltung können die Schütze somit bei einem Kurzschluss effektiv geschützt werden. An advantage of the proposed solution lies in their ability to relieve the shooter in a short circuit of a subcircuit. For this purpose, in the case of a short circuit in a first subcircuit, the respective other second subcircuit is loaded to the maximum and the current of the high-voltage battery is conducted into the second subcircuit in order to guide the available energy in the short circuit case to the other load circuit and to relieve the contactors installed in the short circuit , These shooters now tend to have less tension to separate; the danger that they would "stick together" when separating - then they could not open - is reduced. Due to the proposed electrical protection circuit, the contactors can thus be effectively protected in the event of a short circuit.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben. So kann sie vorzüglich bei elektrischen Maschinen zur Anwendung kommen, die jeweils in einem Achsantrieb integriert sind. Im Vergleich zu einer elektrischen Maschine, die zwischen einem Verbrennungsmotor und herkömmlichen Fahrzeuggetriebe eingebaut ist, kann ein solcher „elektromechanischer Achsantrieb“ modular aufgebaut werden, da er keine Schnittstelle zum Verbrennungsmotor und Fahrzeuggetriebe benötigt. Ein kompaktes Achsmodul mit integrierter Leistungselektronik wird auf diese Weise realisierbar. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. This makes it ideal for use with electric machines, each of which is integrated in a final drive. Compared to an electric machine that is installed between an internal combustion engine and conventional vehicle transmissions, such an "electromechanical final drive" can be modular, since it does not require an interface to the internal combustion engine and vehicle transmission. A compact axis module with integrated power electronics can be realized in this way.
Es empfiehlt sich in dieser Ausführungsform, die Schaltung derart einzurichten, dass die Hinterachse gebremst wird, wenn der ihr zugeordnete Elektromotor aufgrund eines Kurzschlusses im Teilschaltkreis der Vorderachse unter Volllast betrieben wird. Die erfindungsgemäß auf den Teilschaltkreis der Hinterachse geführte elektrische Energie wird somit effektiv in Wärme umgewandelt, ohne dass das Fahrzeug ungewollt beschleunigt. It is recommended in this embodiment to set up the circuit such that the rear axle is braked when its associated electric motor is operated under full load due to a short circuit in the subcircuit of the front axle. The inventively guided to the subcircuit of the rear axle electrical energy is thus effectively converted into heat, without the vehicle accelerates unintentionally.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit zwei Schützen in jedem Teilschaltkreis sollten, um die Gefahr deren „Verklebens“ durch eine Lichtbogenbildung weiter zu verringern, beide Schütze möglichst zeitgleich geöffnet werden. In a further embodiment of the invention with two contactors in each subcircuit, the risk of their "sticking" by a To further reduce arcing, both contactors should be opened at the same time.
Schließlich kann ein erfindungsgemäßes System auch auf Fahrzeuge angewendet werden, bei denen an jedem Rad ein Elektromotor zum Antrieb verbaut ist. Bei dieser als Radnabenmotor bezeichneten Art des Antriebes entfallen die zentrale Motoreinheit sowie die Antriebsstränge und Verteilergetriebe hin zu den Rädern, was den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Elektrofahrzeuges vereinfacht und konstruktive Freiheiten in der Gestaltung der Bodengruppe eröffnet. Finally, an inventive system can also be applied to vehicles in which an electric motor is installed to drive on each wheel. In this type of drive, referred to as a wheel hub motor, the central motor unit and the drive trains and transfer gearbox are omitted towards the wheels, which simplifies the construction of an electric vehicle according to the invention and opens up constructive freedom in the design of the floor assembly.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnung Short description of the drawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben. An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in more detail below.
Die einzige Figur zeigt den Blockschaltplan einer mit der Hochvoltbatterie eines Fahrzeugs verbundenen erfindungsgemäßen Schaltung. The sole FIGURE shows the block diagram of a circuit according to the invention connected to the high-voltage battery of a vehicle.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
Die Figur illustriert anhand einer abstrahierten Darstellung elektrische Funktion und Stromverlauf einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung. The figure illustrates, on the basis of an abstract representation, the electrical function and current profile of an embodiment of the invention.
Bei der vorliegend dargestellten Schaltung (
Ein erstes Schaltschütz (
Als Schaltschütz ist in diesem Zusammenhang jedweder – der elektrischen Leistung des jeweiligen Elektromotors angepasste – elektrisch oder pneumatisch betätigte Schalter zu verstehen. Auch Relais entsprechender Schaltleistung sind in diesem Sinne als „Schaltschütz“ zu deuten, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel sind das erste Schaltschütz (
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Schaltung (
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 102010029806 A1 [0003] DE 102010029806 A1 [0003]
- EP 1193838 B1 [0004] EP 1193838 B1 [0004]
- US 20130229732 A1 [0005] US 20130229732 A1 [0005]
- US 5629603 A [0006] US 5629603 A [0006]
- US 5816358 A [0007] US 5816358 A [0007]
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102016106661.3A DE102016106661A1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Electric circuit for an electrically driven vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016106661.3A DE102016106661A1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Electric circuit for an electrically driven vehicle |
Publications (1)
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DE102016106661A1 true DE102016106661A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE102016106661.3A Pending DE102016106661A1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Electric circuit for an electrically driven vehicle |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3599125A1 (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-29 | Volkswagen AG | Traction network and method for operating a traction network of an electrically driven vehicle in the case of a short circuit |
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US5629603A (en) | 1992-12-25 | 1997-05-13 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Electric system of electric vehicle |
US5816358A (en) | 1993-07-09 | 1998-10-06 | Fichtel & Sachs Ag | Electric vehicle with circuit breakers |
EP1193838B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-07-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Overload-protected electric motor, specially DC conmutator motor |
DE102008044428A1 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2009-02-26 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn | Rollback control for a hybrid electric vehicle |
WO2011103898A1 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2011-09-01 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Drive train of a motor vehicle |
DE102010029806A1 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electrical system for e.g. pure electric car, has power source that is selectively short-circuited by actuation of switch for terminating connection between power source and onboard network |
DE102011004516A1 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-23 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Electric circuit for use with lithium ion battery system for diagnosis of switching contacts in battery-powered road vehicle, has unit for generating and measuring voltage drop via resistance element |
DE102012018321A1 (en) * | 2012-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Daimler Ag | Method for separation of traction battery of electrical vehicle from electrical load, involves connecting one of two contactors in series arrangement with precharge relay, and opening another contactor and/or precharge relay |
US20130229732A1 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-05 | Alstom Transport Sa | Feeed chain for a synchronous electric machine, electric traction system comprising such a chain, and control method for such a chain |
DE102014206270A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Battery system with a battery for supplying a high-voltage network and at least one switching unit for limiting a current flowing through the battery and the high-voltage terminals of the battery fault current and / or limiting a voltage applied from the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery to the high-voltage network voltage and corresponding method |
-
2016
- 2016-04-12 DE DE102016106661.3A patent/DE102016106661A1/en active Pending
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US5629603A (en) | 1992-12-25 | 1997-05-13 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Electric system of electric vehicle |
US5816358A (en) | 1993-07-09 | 1998-10-06 | Fichtel & Sachs Ag | Electric vehicle with circuit breakers |
DE4323604C2 (en) * | 1993-07-09 | 2001-12-06 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Vehicle with at least one electric motor |
EP1193838B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2003-07-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Overload-protected electric motor, specially DC conmutator motor |
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DE102011004516A1 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-23 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Electric circuit for use with lithium ion battery system for diagnosis of switching contacts in battery-powered road vehicle, has unit for generating and measuring voltage drop via resistance element |
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DE102012018321A1 (en) * | 2012-09-15 | 2013-03-21 | Daimler Ag | Method for separation of traction battery of electrical vehicle from electrical load, involves connecting one of two contactors in series arrangement with precharge relay, and opening another contactor and/or precharge relay |
DE102014206270A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Battery system with a battery for supplying a high-voltage network and at least one switching unit for limiting a current flowing through the battery and the high-voltage terminals of the battery fault current and / or limiting a voltage applied from the battery via the high-voltage terminals of the battery to the high-voltage network voltage and corresponding method |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3599125A1 (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-29 | Volkswagen AG | Traction network and method for operating a traction network of an electrically driven vehicle in the case of a short circuit |
DE102018212405A1 (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Traction network and method for operating a traction network of an electrically powered vehicle in the event of a short circuit |
CN110789348A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-02-14 | 大众汽车有限公司 | Traction network and method for operating a traction network in the event of a short circuit |
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CN110789348B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2023-02-03 | 大众汽车有限公司 | Traction network and method for operating a traction network in the event of a short circuit |
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