WO2020126509A1

WO2020126509A1 - Measurement system

Info

Publication number: WO2020126509A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/083710
Authority: WO
Inventors: Magnus Jaster
Original assignee: Vitesco Technologies Germany Gmbh
Priority date: 2018-12-18
Filing date: 2019-12-04
Publication date: 2020-06-25
Also published as: DE102018222123A1; DE102018222123B4

Abstract

The invention relates to a measurement system and a measurement arrangement for measuring an insulation between a battery arrangement and a ground connection of a vehicle, particularly a vehicle having a purely electric or hybrid drive. The measurement system (10) is designed to measure a first insulation (R_IsoPP, R_IsoPM) between a battery arrangement (PACK+, PACK–) and a ground connection (GND), and a second insulation (R_IsoLP, R_IsoLM) between a consumer side (LINK+, LINK–) and the ground connection (GND). The measurement system (10) has a first resistance arrangement (R_TestP, R_RmeasU, R_RmeasL), which is arranged between the first battery terminal (PACK+) and the second battery terminal (PACK–), for measuring a first insulation resistance (R_IsoPP, R_{Iso PM}), and a second resistance arrangement (R_RLink, R_Link), which is arranged between a first consumer terminal (LINK+) and a second consumer terminal (LINK–) for measuring a second insulation resistance (R_IsoLP, R_IsoLM).

Description

description

Measuring system 4000

The invention relates to a measuring system and a measuring arrangement for measuring an insulation between a battery arrangement and a ground connection of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle with a purely electrical or

Hybrid drive, as well as a vehicle with such a measuring system.

A vehicle with a purely electric or hybrid drive has one

Battery arrangement on. This can result in an increased current drain from the

Battery arrangement, sometimes called "overcurrent", lead to undesirable and / or safety-critical behavior of the battery arrangement. The overcurrent can be caused, for example, by damage to the insulation of the battery arrangement and / or by a consumer exceeding a predefined current threshold.

It is an object of the invention to provide a measuring system which detects at least one of the causes of an overcurrent in a battery arrangement.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Further developments of the invention result from the subclaims and the following description.

According to a first aspect of the invention is a measuring system for measuring a first insulation between a battery arrangement, with a first

Battery connector and a second battery connector, and one

Ground connection of a vehicle set up, and also for measuring a second insulation between a consumer side, with a first consumer connection and a second consumer connection, and the ground connection of the vehicle. The battery assembly may include one or more batteries or cells. The battery can be, for example, a lithium-ion battery (Lilon) or a fuel cell. The battery arrangement can be compared to one

Ground connection of a vehicle must be insulated. A consumer, which is arranged between the first consumer connection and the second consumer connection, can be, for example, an electric motor, in particular an electric motor, which is at least partially set up to drive the vehicle. The consumer can also include a lighting system, one or more heat sources, a controller, an infotainment system and / or other secondary consumers. The consumer page can also be referred to as a link page.

The vehicle is, for example, a motor vehicle, such as a car, bus or truck, or else a rail vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, such as a helicopter or aircraft. The resistance between a first battery connection and the ground connection or a second battery connection and the ground connection is therefore a high resistance, e.g. higher than 1 MW, in particular higher than 10 MW.

The measuring system has a first resistance arrangement, which is arranged between the first battery connection and the second battery connection, with a first measurement connection designed as a voltage divider for measuring a first insulation resistance. The first measuring connection is therefore neither directly connected to the first battery connection nor directly to the second battery connection, but is arranged between at least two resistors of the first resistor arrangement. The resistors of the first resistor arrangement can also be referred to as test resistors. Using these test resistors, a resistance bridge can therefore be built up, which comprises the first insulation resistance and the first resistor arrangement.

The measuring system also has a second resistor arrangement, which is between the first consumer connection and the second

Consumer connection is arranged, with a second measuring connection designed as a voltage divider for measuring a second insulation resistance. Of the the second measuring connection is therefore neither directly connected to the first consumer connection nor directly to the second consumer connection, but is arranged between at least two resistors of the second resistor arrangement. The resistors of the second resistor arrangement can also be referred to as test resistors. Using these test resistors, a resistance bridge can therefore be built up, which comprises the second insulation resistor and the second resistor arrangement.

The test resistors are therefore parallel to the insulation resistors

switched to determine the resistance or the resistance value of the insulation resistors. In one embodiment of the present invention, test resistors are arranged both parallel to the battery arrangement between the first battery connection and the second battery connection and also parallel to the first consumer connection and the second

Consumer connection arranged. The insulation measurement is thus set up to measure both symmetrical and asymmetrical insulation faults. In particular in a measuring arrangement which, in addition to the measuring system contactors, i.e. Switch used for large electrical outputs, the measuring system can be used advantageously. The measuring system can e.g. perform a contactor detection. This circuit also enables a measuring device to be required on only one side of the contactors (i.e. either on the battery or the consumer side). With this e.g. the costs for an expensive isolated voltage supply and / or an expensive isolated communication device, for example to a microcontroller (PC), are reduced.

Compared to a variant that only has a measuring device on the battery side, the present measuring system is also more cost-effective because voltage measurements that are made via the contactors on the consumer side, e.g. in order to measure fuses and link voltage, it does not have to be galvanically decoupled when the contactors are open. This decoupling, which would be necessary with the variant mentioned, can be very expensive.

In one embodiment, the measuring system also has a shunt, which is between the second battery connection and the second consumer connection is arranged, wherein the shunt is configured to determine a current between the second battery connection and the second consumer connection. The shunt can be arranged in a busbar between the contactors or can be part of the busbar.

This embodiment has the advantage that it can be used to detect an additional source for an overcurrent and on this basis further sources

Protection mechanisms against overcurrent can be implemented.

In one embodiment, the measuring system also has one

Circuit arrangement on which a first switch and a first

Resistor which is arranged in series with the switch, wherein the circuit arrangement is connected to the second battery connection and is set up to charge at least one capacitor.

This embodiment has the advantage that a capacitor can be charged even when the contactors are open. This can be the case if the vehicle is started up but the electric motor is not yet in operation. This can be the case, for example, after getting into the vehicle. This is particularly advantageous if the capacitor is used, for example, to fire a pyrotechnic fuse (pyrofuse). Of the

The capacitor for such a fuse would then be usable for ignition even at the start and / or before the start of the electric motor.

In one embodiment, the insulation measurement is performed only when the first switch is closed. This can be advantageous for circuit arrangements in which none are clearly defined when the first switch is open

Resistance relationships exist.

In one embodiment, the measuring system also has at least one of the following components:

a collision detection connection for detecting a signal from a collision detection, an ignition connection for igniting a pyrotechnic fuse, and a voltage measurement connection for measuring a voltage of another consumer.

The collision detection connection can be based, for example, on a

Gyro sensors, detect whether a collision with the vehicle takes place or has taken place. This can be used to advantage

Disconnect the battery assembly from other electrical components of the vehicle, thereby increasing overall safety.

The ignition connection for firing a pyrotechnic fuse can be used to achieve a very quick and reliable disconnection of the battery arrangement from other electrical components, in particular without requiring a high current to actuate a disconnector.

The voltage measuring connection for measuring a voltage or a current of another consumer can be used to protect the additional consumer, for example in the sense of an electrical fuse.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a measuring arrangement, configured for measuring an insulation between a battery arrangement and a

Ground connection and for charging at least one capacitor of a vehicle. The measuring arrangement has a first consumer connection and a second consumer connection, the first consumer connection being connected to the first battery connection and the second consumer connection being connected to the second battery connection.

Furthermore, the measuring arrangement has a shunt, which is arranged between the second battery connection and the second consumer connection, the shunt being set up to determine a current between the second battery connection and the second consumer connection. Furthermore, the measuring arrangement has a first resistance arrangement, which is arranged between the first battery connection and the second battery connection, with a connection designed as a voltage divider

Measurement of a first insulation resistance, and a second resistance arrangement, which is arranged between the first consumer connection and the second consumer connection, with a connection designed as a voltage divider for measuring a second insulation resistance.

In addition, the measuring arrangement has a circuit arrangement, comprising a first switch and a first resistor, which is arranged in series with the switch, the circuit arrangement being connected to the second battery connection and being set up for charging at least one capacitor.

In one embodiment, the insulation is only measured when the first switch is closed.

In one embodiment, the measuring arrangement also has at least one of the following components:

a collision detection connection for detecting a signal from a collision detection,

an ignition connection for igniting a pyrotechnic fuse, and a voltage measurement connection for measuring a voltage of another consumer.

In one embodiment, the insulation measurement is performed only when the second switch and the third switch are closed. The first switch can be open. This can be advantageous for circuit arrangements in which none are clearly defined when the second and third switches are open

Resistance relationships exist.

According to one embodiment, the measuring system has at least one shunt and an associated measuring device. The measuring device can be galvanically isolated from the potential of the shunt with at least 2 kV. It can be a second communication connection can be provided, which can be galvanically separated from the shunt or not galvanically separated from the shunt. The second communication connection can be controllable by the first communication connection.

According to one embodiment, the measuring system is set up to:

Insulation measurement. The switches of the insulation measurement are arranged so that N-Channel Mosfets and / or IGBTs can be used without the need for additional isolated power supply units on the consumer side. Here, e.g. a break between ground (ground can also be designed as a connection, which is referred to as KL31) and housing in operation recognized by the charge-reversal curve characteristic of the Y capacitors. If the demolition is also to be recognized outside of operation, small Y capacities can also be integrated on the sensor. The voltages to be measured are referenced to the shunt potential and are made available via the communication connection. As soon as the second consumer connection and the second battery connection are connected with less than 100 kQ, a first insulation measurement is possible. With less than 1 kQ, the insulation measurement can be more accurate.

According to one embodiment, the measuring system is set up to:

Condenser precharge. The precharge is realized by a regulated current source, which adjusts the shunt potential to the potential of the second battery connection. This power source also via the

Communication connection can be controlled.

According to one embodiment, the measuring system is set up to:

Voltage measurement. Many voltage measurements are possible, which are referenced to the shunt potential. The measured voltages can be made available via the communication connection. According to one embodiment, the measuring system is set up to:

To trigger the primer release device. In order to trigger a pyrotechnic switching unit or fuse if the current through the shunt or through a busbar connected to the shunt is too high, a primer device similar to an airbag control is used. The safe state as defined by ISO 26262 can be triggered, in contrast to an airbag control. The measurement data required for diagnosis can be made available through the communication connection. A targeted triggering in the event of a crash or other critical conditions can also be made possible.

According to one embodiment, the measuring device cannot contain a changeable program code, but can be implemented as a gate-based solution and can therefore be maintenance-free, inexpensive and less critical in terms of ISO 26262 with regard to systematic and random software errors.

The measuring system or the measuring arrangement can have the following advantages:

- Cost-effective production of the measuring system.

- Inexpensive battery arrangement, especially because of the high

Function integration.

- Only one LV / HV component may be required in the battery (LV: low voltage, low voltage; HV: high voltage, high voltage).

- Low energy consumption.

In one embodiment, the measuring system or the measuring arrangement can be used for voltages up to 800 V, in particular if measurement data are to be recorded.

The measuring system or the measuring arrangement or parts thereof can be a system which is referred to as MS4000.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle with a measuring system as described above or below or a measuring arrangement as described above or below. For further clarification, the invention is described on the basis of the embodiments shown in the figures. These embodiments are only to be understood as an example, but not as a limitation.

Fig. 1 shows schematically part of a measuring arrangement according to a

Embodiment of the present invention;

2 schematically shows part of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

3 schematically shows part of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

4 schematically shows part of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

5 schematically shows part of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

6 schematically shows part of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

1 schematically shows a part 14 of a measuring arrangement according to a

Embodiment of the present invention. The insulation or the first insulation resistances RI _SO PP and RI _SO PM on the side of the battery arrangement, ie with PACK + and PACK-, are clearly visible and the second insulation resistances RI _SO PP and RI _SO PM on the consumer side, ie with the consumer connection LINK + or LINK- The battery arrangement and the consumer (s) are arranged in a vehicle 1 1. In addition, contactors SWKI and SWK3 are shown in FIG. 1, which separate the battery side from the consumer side. A first switch SW _K 2, together with a first resistor Rp _re c _hg , is used to charge the capacitors C _yi and C _y 2. To measure the insulation RI _SO PP and RI _SO PM between the battery arrangement PACK +, PACK- and the ground connection GND is a first resistor arrangement Riestp, R _Rmeas u, R _RmeasL between the first

Battery connection PACK + and the second battery connection PACK- arranged. A first measuring connection U MEASJSO, which is designed as a voltage divider, is arranged between R _Rmeas u and R _RmeasL . There is also a second abutment stand arrangement R _R u _nk, visible Runk, the first between the

Consumer connection LINK + and the second consumer connection LINK- is arranged with a second designed as a voltage divider

Measuring connection Uunk.

2 schematically shows part 15 of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention. The switches K1 and K3 can be seen to separate the battery side from the consumer side. A first switch K2, together with a first resistor R1, serves to charge the capacitors C _yi and C _y 2 (see FIG. 1). A first measuring component 20 measures the insulation RI _SO PP and RI _SO PM on the side of the battery arrangement via the lines or connections 31 and 32. A second measuring component 25 measures the insulation RI _SO LP and RI _SO LM on the consumer side via the lines or connections 33 and 34. In addition, the second measuring component 25 measures the voltage or the current of a further consumer AUX + via the line 39. The further consumer AUX + is electrically protected by a fuse F1. F1 can also act as another shunt. The first measuring component 20 and the second measuring component 25 are supplied with voltage by a low-voltage power supply 40. In addition, the first and second measurement components 20 and 25 are connected to a controller 30 via the interface 38. The controller 30 can be set up to receive measurement values from the first 20 and second 25 measurement components and to derive actions therefrom, for example to display the measurement values to the driver and / or in a memory of the vehicle 11

Save measured values.

3 schematically shows part 16 of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention. There is a measuring system 10 between the second battery connection PACK and the second Consumer connection LINK- arranged. The measuring system 10 has connections 31 and 32 for measuring the insulation RISOPP, RISOPM between the battery arrangement PACK +, PACK- and the ground connection GND. Furthermore, the

Measuring system 10 connections 33 and 34 for measuring the insulation RI _SO LP, RISOLM between the consumer side LINK +, LINK- and the ground connection GND. Furthermore, the measuring system 10 has a collision detection connection 36 for detecting a signal from a collision detection 47. The measuring system 10 also has an ignition connection 37 for igniting a pyrotechnic fuse or pyrofuse PF1. The measuring system 10 is supplied with voltage by a low-voltage power supply 40. In addition, the measuring system 10 is connected to a controller 30. The measuring system 10 can be an MS4000. In this embodiment, particular attention is paid to the combination of the overcurrent shutdown and the crash shutdown, both of which can trigger the pyrofuse PF1, but operate at different voltage levels, ie LV and HV, respectively. For this purpose, a capacitive memory, for example one or more capacitors, can be installed in the measuring system 10, so that the isolated power supply from LV to HV can only be designed for the continuous operation of the measuring system 10, but not for the current for igniting the pyrofuse PF1. The ignition current can be in the order of 1.75 A, for example. The measuring system 10 can replace parts of the first 20 and second 25 measuring components (see FIG. 2), for example. This can make the connection of the other components easier and less installation space can be required.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a part 17 of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention. A measuring system 10 with a shunt 12 is arranged between the second battery connection PACK- and the second consumer connection LINK-. The measuring system 10 has connections 31 and 32 for measuring the insulation RI _SO PP, RISOPM between the battery arrangement PACK +, PACK- and the ground connection GND. Furthermore, the

Measuring system 10 connections 33 and 34 for measuring the insulation RI _SO LP, RISOLM between the consumer side LINK +, LINK- and the ground connection GND. The switches K1, K3 and the arrangement R1 with K3 have the functions described above. In addition to the insulation resistance, the measuring system 10 measures the Current to the consumer (by means of the shunt 12) and the link voltage at LINK +.

5 schematically shows part 18 of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention. A measuring system 10 with a shunt 12 is arranged between the second battery connection PACK- and the second consumer connection LINK-. The measuring system 10 has connections 31 and 32 for measuring the insulation RISOPP, RISOPM between the battery arrangement PACK +, PACK- and the ground connection GND. Furthermore, the

Measuring system 10 connections 33 and 34 for measuring the insulation RI _SO LP, RISOLM between the consumer side LINK +, LINK- and the ground connection GND. The switches K1 and K3 have the functions described above. The

Arrangement R1 with K3, connected via connection 35, is arranged in the measuring system 10. In addition to the insulation resistance, the measuring system 10 measures the current to the consumer (by means of the shunt 12) and the link voltage at LINK +. MS4000 measures the insulation resistance, current and link voltage and charges the consumer side when connected via connection 35.

6 schematically shows a part 19 of a measuring arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention. A control can be seen which is set up to measure a current (I measurement) with shunt and pyro control, a voltage measurement (U measurement) and a

Insulation measurement. A subpoena of the

Capacitors are carried out.

Reference list

10 measuring system

1 1 vehicle

12 shunt

14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 measuring arrangement

20 first measuring component

25 second measuring component

30 control

31, 32 connections

33, 34 connections

35 Connection

36 Collision detection connector

37 Ignition connection

38 interface

39 Voltage measurement connection AUX +

40 low-voltage power supply 47 collision detection

AUX + other consumers

Cy1, Cy2 capacitors

F1 fuse

K1, SWK1 second switch

K2, SWK2 first switch

K3, SWK3 third switch

LINK, LINK + consumer connection

PACK, PACK + battery connection

PF1 pyrotechnic fuse,

Pyrofuse

R1 first resistance

RIsoPP, RIsoPM, RIsoLP, RIsoLM insulation resistances

RTestP, RRmeaslI, RRmeaslI, RRLink, RLink test resistors

U_MEAS_ISO, ULink connections

Claims

1. Measuring system (1 0), set up to measure a first insulation (RI _SO PP, RI _SO PM) between a battery arrangement, with a first battery connection (PACK +) and a second battery connection (PACK-), and one

Ground connection (GND) of a vehicle (11), and a second insulation (RI _SO LP, RI _SO LM) between a consumer side, with a first

Consumer connection (LINK +) and a second consumer connection (LINK-), and the ground connection (GND) of the vehicle (11), the

Measuring system (10) comprising: a first resistor arrangement (Riestp, RRmeasu, RRmeasL), which is arranged between the first battery connection (PACK +) and the second battery connection (PACK-), with a first measuring connection (U MEASJSO) designed as a voltage divider for measuring a first insulation resistance (RISOPP, RISOPM), and

a second resistor arrangement (RRLink, Runk), which is arranged between the first consumer connection (LINK +) and the second consumer connection (LINK-), with a second measuring connection (Uunk) designed as a voltage divider for measuring a second insulation resistance

(RlsoLP, RISOLM),

the first consumer connection (LINK +) with the first

Battery connection (PACK +) and the second consumer connection (LINK-) is connected to the second battery connection (PACK-).

2. Measuring system (10) according to claim 1, further comprising:

a shunt (12) which is arranged between the second battery connection (PACK-) and the second consumer connection (LINK-),

wherein the shunt (12) is designed to determine a current between the second battery connection (PACK-) and the second consumer connection (LINK-).

3. Measuring system (10) according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

a circuit arrangement comprising a first switch (SW _K 2, K2) and a first resistor (Rprechg, R1) which is arranged in series with the switch (SW _K 2, K2),

wherein the circuit arrangement is connected to the second battery connection (PACK-) and is set up to charge at least one capacitor (C _yi , C _y 2).

4. Measuring system (10) according to claim 3,

set up to perform the insulation measurement only when the first switch (SW _K 2, K2) is closed.

5. Measuring system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one of:

a collision detection connection (36), set up to detect a signal from a collision detection (47),

an ignition connection (37) set up to ignite a pyrotechnic fuse (PF1), and

a voltage measuring connection (39), set up for measuring a voltage of a further consumer (AUX +).

6. measuring arrangement (14, 15, 16, 17, 18), set up for measuring a first insulation (RI _SO PP, RI _SO PM) between a battery arrangement, with a first battery connection (PACK +) and a second battery connection (PACK-), and a ground connection (GND) of a vehicle (11), and a second insulation (RI _SO LP, RI _SO LM) between a consumer side, with a first consumer connection (LINK +) and a second consumer connection (LINK-), and the ground connection (GND ) of the vehicle (11), the

Measuring arrangement (14, 15, 16, 17, 18) comprising:

a shunt (12) which is arranged between the second battery connection (PACK-) and the second consumer connection (LINK-), the shunt (12) for determining a current between the second battery connection (PACK-) and the second consumer connection (LINK -) is set up, and the first consumer connection (LINK +) being connected to the first battery connection (PACK +) and the second consumer connection (LINK-) being connected to the second battery connection (PACK-), a first resistor arrangement (Riestp, RRmeasu, RRmeasu) connected between the first battery connection ( PACK +) and the second battery connection (PACK-) is arranged, with a first measuring connection (U MEASJSO) designed as a voltage divider for measuring a first insulation resistance

(RlsoPP, RISOPM),

a second resistor arrangement (RRLink, Runk), which is arranged between the first consumer connection (LINK +) and the second consumer connection (LINK-), with a second measuring connection (Uunk) designed as a voltage divider for measuring a second insulation resistance (RISOLP, RISOLM), and

a circuit arrangement comprising a first switch (SWK2, K2) and a first resistor (Rprechg, R1) which is arranged in series with the switch (SWK2, K2), the circuit arrangement being connected to the second

Battery connection (PACK-) connected and set up for charging at least one capacitor (C _yi , C _y 2).

7. measuring arrangement (14, 15, 16, 17, 18) according to claim 6,

the measurement of the insulation is carried out only when the first switch (SW _K2 , K2) is closed.

8. Measuring arrangement (14, 15, 16, 17, 18) according to claim 6 or 7, further

showing:

a second switch (SW _KI , K1) between the first

Battery connection (PACK +) and the first consumer connection (LINK +) is arranged,

a third switch (SW _K 3, K3) between the second

Battery connection (PACK-) and the second consumer connection (LINK-) is arranged.

9. Measuring arrangement (14, 15, 16, 17, 18) according to claim 6, 7 or 8, further comprising:

wherein the measurement of the insulation is only carried out when the second switch (SW _KI , K1) and the third switch (SW _K 3, K3) are closed.

10. Vehicle (11) with a measuring system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5 or a measuring arrangement (14, 15, 16, 17, 18) according to one of claims 6 to 9.