DE10304234A1 - Insulation resistance measuring device, for electrical power system of e.g. electric or hybrid vehicle, has two measurement resistances between traction battery poles connected to main power supply - Google Patents

Insulation resistance measuring device, for electrical power system of e.g. electric or hybrid vehicle, has two measurement resistances between traction battery poles connected to main power supply Download PDF

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DE10304234A1
DE10304234A1 DE10304234A DE10304234A DE10304234A1 DE 10304234 A1 DE10304234 A1 DE 10304234A1 DE 10304234 A DE10304234 A DE 10304234A DE 10304234 A DE10304234 A DE 10304234A DE 10304234 A1 DE10304234 A1 DE 10304234A1
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measuring
insulation resistance
traction battery
voltages
traction
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DE10304234A
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German (de)
Inventor
Mathias Hommel
Mathias Dr. Ullrich
Jochen Lehnhäuser
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/025—Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/16—Measuring impedance of element or network through which a current is passing from another source, e.g. cable, power line
    • G01R27/18—Measuring resistance to earth, i.e. line to ground
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

A measuring arrangement (3) measures voltages (U8,U9) across measurement resistances. The insulation resistance between the traction battery and main power supply is calculated from the total voltage (UBAT) and the measurement voltages (U8,U9). The electrical energy system comprises a traction battery (15) and a main power supply (16), which are electrically isolated from one another. Two serial voltage sections are connected between the positive and negative poles of the traction battery, comprising a serial resistance (6,11) and a measurement resistance (8,9). Both measurement resistances are connected to the main power supply via a mutual connector (4). An independent claim is included for a method of measuring insulation resistance.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Messen des Isolationswiderstandes in einem elektrischen Energie-System, wobei das elektrische Energie-System eine Traktionsbatterie und ein Bordnetz umfasst, deren elektrische Potentiale nicht miteinander verbunden sind.The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the insulation resistance in one electrical energy system, the electrical energy system includes a traction battery and an electrical system, the electrical Potentials are not connected.

Derartige elektrische Energie-Systeme, welche eine Traktionsbatterie und ein Bordnetz umfassen, sind beispielsweise bei Elektrofahrzeugen oder Hybridfahrzeugen bekannt. Dabei stellt die Traktionsbatterie die Energie für eine elektrische Antriebsmaschine zur Verfügung und das Bordnetz speist die übrigen elektrischen Verbraucher des Fahrzeugs.Such electrical energy systems, which include a traction battery and an electrical system are, for example known in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. It poses the traction battery is the energy for an electric drive machine to disposal and the electrical system feeds the rest electrical consumers of the vehicle.

Auf Grund des Wirkungsgrades und aus Sicherheitsgründen weisen Traktionsbatterie und Bordnetz unterschiedliche elektrische Potentiale auf, welche nicht miteinander verbunden sind. So liegt beispielsweise die Traktionsbatterie auf dem Potential der elektrischen Antriebsmaschine, welche die elektrische Energie in mechanische Energie umwandelt, um das Fahrzeug fortzubewegen.Because of the efficiency and for safety reasons have different traction battery and electrical system Potentials that are not connected. So lies for example the traction battery on the potential of the electric Driving machine which converts the electrical energy into mechanical Converts energy to move the vehicle.

Aus Sicherheitsgründen ist es nicht ohne weiteres möglich physikalische Größen einer Traktionsbatterie zu erfassen, weil Mess- und Steuersysteme eines Fahrzeugs einerseits auf Bordnetzpotential arbeiten und andererseits oftmals digitale Eingangsstufen aufweisen. Ein direktes Messen physikalischer Größen mittels solcher Systeme würde sowohl eine Verbindung zwischen Traktionsbatterie und Bordnetz herstellen als auch oftmals die maximale Eingangsspannung dieser Systeme überschreiten.For security reasons, it is not easy possible physical quantities one Capture traction battery because measuring and control systems are one Work vehicle on the one hand on the electrical system potential and on the other hand often have digital input stages. A direct measurement of physical Sizes by means of such systems would both establish a connection between the traction battery and the electrical system and often exceed the maximum input voltage of these systems.

Bei Elektrofahrzeugen ist es erforderlich, den Isolationswiderstand zwischen der Traktionsbatterie und dem Bordnetz zu erfassen beziehungsweise diesen hinsichtlich gesetzlicher Vorgaben zu überwachen. Eine direkte Messung ist dabei aus den oben geschilderten Gründen nicht möglich. Zur Ermittlung des Isolationswiderstandes ist dabei folgende Vorgehensweise bekannt. Ein Mittelabgriff der Spannung wird aus einer Traktionsbatterie herausgezogen und über einen Messwiderstand mit der Bordnetzmasse verbunden. Eine Spannung, die über den Messwiderstand abfällt, wird erfasst und bei Veränderungen der erfassten Spannung kann eine relative Aussage bezüglich des Isolationswiderstandes getroffen werden. Diese Vorgehensweise war deshalb möglich, weil Traktionsbatterien aus Kapazitätsgründen aus mindestens zwei räumlich getrennten Blöcken bestanden und somit ein Mittelabgriff oder andere Teilspannungen aus der Traktionsbatterie herausgezogen werden konnten.With electric vehicles it is necessary the insulation resistance between the traction battery and the To record the vehicle electrical system or this with regard to legal Monitor specifications. A direct measurement is not for the reasons described above possible. The following procedure is used to determine the insulation resistance known. A center tap of the voltage is from a traction battery pulled out and over a measuring resistor connected to the electrical system ground. A tension the above the measuring resistance drops, is recorded and in the event of changes of the detected voltage, a relative statement regarding the Insulation resistance are taken. This procedure was therefore possible because for reasons of capacity, traction batteries have at least two spatially separated ones blocks passed and thus a center tap or other partial voltages could be pulled out of the traction battery.

Modernere Traktionsbatterien hingegen sind nicht mehr aus mehreren räumlich getrennten Blöcken zusammengesetzt, wodurch Teilspannungen extra aus der Traktionsbatterie herausgeführt werden müssen, wodurch zusätzliche Kosten entstehen. Der Grund hierfür ist, dass jede zusätzliche aus der Batterie herausgeführte Leitung ein sicherheitskritisches Bauteil ist. Aufgrund der hohen Spannungen sind alle Traktionsspannungführenden Bauteile ausreichend zu isolieren, was auch für einen Mittelabgriff gilt.However, more modern traction batteries are no longer spatially of several separate blocks assembled, which creates partial voltages from the traction battery led out Need to become, causing additional There are costs. The reason for this is that any additional led out of the battery Line is a safety-critical component. Because of the high All components carrying traction voltage are sufficiently stressed isolate whatever a center tap applies.

Eine weitere bekannte Vorgehensweise zur Messung des Isolationswiderstandes bei kompakten Traktionsbatterien besteht darin, dass ein Messwiderstand auf der einen Seite mit Bordnetzmasse verbunden ist und auf der anderen Seite über einen Umschalter abwechselnd mit dem Pluspol und dem Minuspol der Traktionsbatterie verbunden wird. Auch hier ist über einen Vergleich der über den Messwiderstand erfassten Spannungen eine relative Aussage über den Isolationswiderstand ermittelbar. Ein Nachteil dieser Vorgehensweise besteht darin, das kapazitive Aufladevorgänge beim Umschalten zwischen Pluspol und Minuspol kein zeitnahes Ergebnis ermöglichen.Another known practice for measuring the insulation resistance of compact traction batteries consists of a measuring resistor on one side with the electrical system ground is connected and alternately on the other side via a switch connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the traction battery becomes. Here too is over a comparison of the over voltages detected the measurement resistance a relative statement about the Insulation resistance can be determined. A disadvantage of this approach is the capacitive charging process when switching between positive pole and negative pole do not allow a timely result.

Der Erfindung liegt daher das technische Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mittels derer der Isolationswiderstand in einem elektrischen Energie-System zwischen einer Traktionsbatterie und einem Bordnetz zeitnah ermittelt werden kann.The invention therefore has the technical problem to create a method and a device by means of which is the insulation resistance in an electrical energy system promptly determined between a traction battery and an electrical system can be.

Die Lösung des technischen Problems ergibt sich durch die Gegenstände mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 und 6. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The solution to the technical problem arises from the objects with the features of the claims 1 and 6. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result itself from the subclaims.

Hierzu umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Messen des Isolationswiderstandes in einem elektrischen Energie-System zwei seriell geschaltete Spannungsteiler, die zwischen Pluspol und Minuspol der Traktionsbatterie geschaltet sind, wobei jeder Spannungsteiler jeweils einen Vorwiderstand und einen Messwiderstand aufweist, die beiden Messwiderstände über eine gemeinsame Verbindungsanleitung mit einer Bordnetzmasse verbunden sind, wobei mittels einer Messeinrichtung die Spannungen über den Messwiderständen erfassbar sind, wobei der Vorwiderstand und der Messwiderstand in den jeweiligen Spannungsteilern derart dimensioniert sind, dass die Spannungen über den Messwiderständen im Messbereich der Messeinrichtung liegen, wobei die gemessenen Spannungen einer Auswerteeinrichtung zuführbar sind, wobei die Gesamtspannung der Traktionsbatterie traktionsseitig erfassbar und galvanisch getrennt der Auswerteeinrichtung übermittelbar ist, wobei in der Auswerteeinrichtung mittels der Spannungen über den Messwiderständen und der Gesamtspannung die Isolationswiderstände zwischen der Traktionsbatterie und der Bordnetzmasse ermittelbar sind. Durch die Spannungsteiler sind Traktions- und Bordnetz nicht mehr galvanisch voneinander getrennt. Es wird ein „künstlicher Isolationsfehler" erzeugt. Die Vorwiderstände sind daher ausreichend hochohmig (z. B. > 1 Megohm) auszulegen, so dass durch diese kein relevanter Isolationsfehler erzeugt wird.To this end, the device according to the invention comprises for measuring the insulation resistance in an electrical energy system two voltage dividers connected in series, between the positive pole and the negative pole the traction battery are connected, each voltage divider each have a series resistor and a measuring resistor, which two measuring resistors over one common connection instructions are connected to an electrical system ground, the voltages across the measuring resistors being detectable by means of a measuring device are, the series resistor and the measuring resistor in the respective Voltage dividers are dimensioned such that the voltages over the measuring resistors lie in the measuring range of the measuring device, the measured Voltages can be fed to an evaluation device, the total voltage of the Traction battery can be detected on the traction side and galvanically isolated communicable to the evaluation device is, in the evaluation device by means of the voltages across the measuring resistors and the total voltage the insulation resistance between the traction battery and the electrical system mass can be determined. Through the voltage divider the traction and on-board electrical systems are no longer galvanically isolated from each other. It becomes an “artificial Insulation fault ". The series resistors are therefore to be designed with a sufficiently high impedance (e.g.> 1 megohm) so that no relevant insulation fault is generated.

Diese Vorgehensweise ermöglicht es, einen Isolationswiderstand zwischen einer Traktionsbatterie und einem Bordnetz zeitnah und ohne Mittelspannungsabgriff zu ermitteln. Dabei lassen sich insbesondere schleichende Änderungen eines Isolationswiderstandes frühzeitig erkennen und entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen einleiten.This procedure allows an insulation resistance between a traction battery and an on-board electrical system can be determined promptly and without medium-voltage tapping. In particular, creeping changes in insulation resistance can be recognized early and appropriate countermeasures initiated.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Messeinrichtung eine Anlog/Digital-Wandlerschaltung mit galvanischer Trennung. Dadurch ist es möglich, die erfassten Messwerte einer digitalen Auswerteeinrichtung zuzuführen, ohne eine Verbindung zwischen Traktionsbatterie und Bordnetz herzustellen.In a preferred embodiment the measuring device comprises an analog / digital converter circuit with electrical isolation. This makes it possible to feed the measured values to a digital evaluation device without establish a connection between the traction battery and the electrical system.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Isolationswiderstand in einem Bereich von 100 Ohm/V bis 1000 Ohm/V ermittelbar.In a further preferred embodiment is the insulation resistance in a range from 100 Ohm / V to 1000 Ohm / V can be determined.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Isolationswiderstand bei Traktionsbatterien mit Spannungen von 100 V bis 500 V ermittelbar. Damit ist es möglich, bekannte Traktionsbatterien hinsichtlich des Isolationswiderstandes zu überwachen.In a further preferred embodiment is the insulation resistance for traction batteries with voltages can be determined from 100 V to 500 V. This makes it possible to consider known traction batteries to monitor the insulation resistance.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform verwendet eine Widerstandskette, bei der jeweils die beiden Messwiderstände und die beiden Vorwiderstände identische Widerstandswerte aufweisen. Dadurch ergibt sich ein einfacher Schaltungsaufbau sowie eine vereinfachte Auswertung.Another preferred embodiment is used a resistor chain in which the two measuring resistors and the two series resistors have identical resistance values. This makes it easier Circuit structure and a simplified evaluation.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, wobei die einzige Figur den schematischen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum ermitteln eines Isolationswiderstandes darstellt.The invention is described below of a preferred embodiment explained in more detail, whereby the only figure shows the schematic structure of a device according to the invention to determine an insulation resistance.

In 1 ist eine Traktionsseite 17 dargestellt, in dem elektrischen Verbraucher von einer Traktionsbatterie 15 gespeist werden und ein Bordnetz 18 dargestellt, in dem elektrische Verbraucher von einer Bordnetzbatterie gespeist werden. Der Pluspol der Traktionsbatterie 15 ist über eine Verbindungsleitung 5 mit einem Vorwiderstand 6 verbunden, welcher über eine Verbindungsleitung 7 mit einem Messwiderstand 8 und einer Messeinrichtung 3 verbunden ist. Der Vorwiderstand 6 und der Messwiderstand 8 bilden dabei einen ersten Spannungsteiler.In 1 is a traction side 17 shown in the electrical consumer from a traction battery 15 be fed and an electrical system 18 shown in which electrical consumers are powered by an on-board electrical system battery. The positive pole of the traction battery 15 is via a connecting line 5 with a series resistor 6 connected, which via a connecting line 7 with a measuring resistor 8th and a measuring device 3 connected is. The series resistor 6 and the measuring resistor 8th form a first voltage divider.

Der Messwiderstand 8 ist über eine Verbindungsleitung 4 mit einem Messwiderstand 9, der Messeinrichtung 3 und der Bordnetzmasse 16 verbunden. Der Widerstand 9 ist über eine Verbindungsleitung 10 mit einem Vorwiderstand 11 und der Messeinrichtung 3 verbunden. Der Vorwiderstand 11 ist letztendlich über eine Verbindungsleitung 12 mit dem Minuspol der Traktionsbatterie 15 verbunden. Der Messwiderstand 9 und der Vorwiderstand 11 bilden zusammen einen zweiten Spannungsteiler. Ein Widerstand 13 symbolisiert den Isolationswiderstand zwischen dem Pluspol der Traktionsbatterie 15 und der Bordnetzmasse 16 und ein Widerstand 14 symbolisiert den Isolationswiderstand zwischen dem Minuspol der Traktionsbatterie 15 und der Bordnetzmasse 16. Die Widerstände 13, 14 stellen keine Bauteile dar, sondern stellen den festzustellenden Isolationsfehler dar. Isolationsfehler treten normalerweise zwischen Plus- oder Minuspol der Traktion und Bordnetzmasse (= Fahrzeugkarosserie) auf. Daher ist es sinnvoll, für die folgenden Berechnungen die Isolationswiderstände 13, 14 in der dargestellten Position einzuzeichnen.The measuring resistor 8th is via a connecting line 4 with a measuring resistor 9 , the measuring device 3 and the wiring system mass 16 connected. The resistance 9 is via a connecting line 10 with a series resistor 11 and the measuring device 3 connected. The series resistor 11 is ultimately via a connecting line 12 with the negative pole of the traction battery 15 connected. The measuring resistor 9 and the series resistor 11 together form a second voltage divider. A resistance 13 symbolizes the insulation resistance between the positive pole of the traction battery 15 and the wiring system mass 16 and a resistance 14 symbolizes the insulation resistance between the negative pole of the traction battery 15 and the wiring system mass 16 , The resistances 13 . 14 do not represent components, but represent the insulation fault to be determined. Insulation faults normally occur between the positive or negative pole of the traction and the electrical system ground (= vehicle body). It is therefore advisable to use the insulation resistances for the following calculations 13 . 14 to be drawn in the position shown.

Dabei erfasst die Messeinrichtung 3 über die Verbindungsleitungen 7 und 4 eine Spannung U8, die über den Messwiderstand 8 abfällt und über die Verbindungsleitungen 4 und 10 eine Spannung U9, die über den Messwiderstand 9 abfällt. Eine Spannung UBat stellt die Gesamtspannung der Traktionsbatterie 15 dar. Die Spannung UBat wird traktionsseitig erfasst und galvanisch getrennt einer nicht dargestellten Auswerteeinrichtung auf der Bordnetzseite übermittelt. Des Weiteren sind eine Spannung U6 dargestellt, die über den Vorwiderstand 6 abfällt und eine Spannung U13, die über den symbolisierten Isolationswiderstand 13 abfällt. Die Messeinrichtung 3, die vorzugsweise eine Analog/Digital-Wandlerschaltung und eine Verstärkerschaltung umfasst, übermittelt die erfassten Werte für U8 und U9 über Leitungen 1, 2 zu der nicht dargestellten Auswerteeinrichtung, in welcher aus den gemessenen Spannungen U8, U9, UBat die Isolationswiderstände R13 und R14 berechnet werden. Die Messeinrichtung 3 kann jedoch auch die nicht dargestellte Auswerteeinrichtung umfassen.The measuring device detects 3 over the connecting lines 7 and 4 a voltage U8 across the measuring resistor 8th drops and over the connecting lines 4 and 10 a voltage U9 across the measuring resistor 9 drops. A voltage UBat represents the total voltage of the traction battery 15 The voltage UBat is recorded on the traction side and is transmitted in an electrically isolated manner to an evaluation device (not shown) on the on-board electrical system side. Furthermore, a voltage U6 is shown that is connected across the series resistor 6 drops and a voltage U13 across the symbolized insulation resistance 13 drops. The measuring device 3 , which preferably comprises an analog / digital converter circuit and an amplifier circuit, transmits the detected values for U8 and U9 via lines 1 . 2 to the evaluation device, not shown, in which the insulation resistances R13 and R14 are calculated from the measured voltages U8, U9, UBat. The measuring device 3 can, however, also include the evaluation device, not shown.

Dabei kann an folgender Herleitung gezeigt werden, wie exemplarisch der Isolationswiderstand R13 aus den Messwerten berechenbar ist: U8 = R8 * IR8 wobei R8 = Widerstand 8; IR8 = Strom durch R8 Iges = IR8 + IR13mit U13 = U6 + U8 IR13 * R13 = (R6 + R8) * IR8 Iges = IR8 + IR8 * (R6 + R8) / R13 =IR8*(R6 + R8 + R13)/R13 (F1) Iges = UBat / Rges mit Rges = R13 // (R6 + R8) + R14 // (R9 + R11) (F2) The following derivation can be used to show how the insulation resistance R13 can be calculated from the measured values: U8 = R8 * IR8 where R8 = resistor 8; IR8 = current through R8 Iges = IR8 + IR13 With U13 = U6 + U8 IR13 * R13 = (R6 + R8) * IR8 Iges = IR8 + IR8 * (R6 + R8) / R13 = IR8 * (R6 + R8 + R13) / R13 (F1) Iges = UBat / Rges with Rges = R13 // (R6 + R8) + R14 // (R9 + R11) (F2)

Setzt man die Formeln F1 und F2 gleich und stellt nach IR8 um, so ergibt sich für U8 = R8*R13*UBat/[R13*(R6 + R8) + Rers*(R6 + R8 + R13)] If you equate formulas F1 and F2 and convert to IR8, you get for U8 = R8 * R13 * UBat / [R13 * (R6 + R8) + Rers * (R6 + R8 + R13)]

Wobei Rers der Ersatzwiderstand für R14 // (R9 + R11) ist.Where Rers is the equivalent resistor for R14 // (R9 + R11) is.

Für die beiden Extremfälle des Isolationswiderstandes ergeben sich folgende Zustände: bei R13 = unendlich → U8 = [R8 / (R6 + R8)] * UBat bei R13 = 0 → U8 = 0 The following conditions result for the two extreme cases of insulation resistance: at R13 = infinite → U8 = [R8 / (R6 + R8)] * UBat at R13 = 0 → U8 = 0

Mit der Annahme R14 >> R13, wenn R14 in Ordnung und R13 defekt ist, sei R13 = k * UBat, wobei die Einheit von [k] = Ohm/V ist, so ergibt sich für U8 = R8 * k * UBat * UBat / [k * UBat * (R6 + R8) + Rers * (k * UBat + R6 + R8 )] Assuming R14 >> R13, if R14 is OK and R13 is defective, let R13 = k * UBat, where the unit is from [k] = Ohm / V, for U8 = R8 * k * UBat * UBat / [k * UBat * (R6 + R8) + Rers * (k * UBat + R6 + R8)]

Da UBat bekannt ist, kann der Faktor k mit [k] = Ohm/V, der ein Maß für den Isolationswiderstand ist, wie oben beschrieben aus der gemessenen Spannung U8 berechnet werden, da Rers näherungsweise durch die Reihenschaltung R9 + R11 ersetzt werden kann und die Widerstandswerte bekannt sind. k = [U8 * Rers * (R6 + R8)] / [UBat2 * R8 – U8 * UBa t * (R6 + R8) – Rers * U8 * UBat] Since U Bat is known, the factor k with [k] = Ohm / V, which is a measure of the insulation resistance, can be calculated from the measured voltage U8 as described above, since Rers can be approximately replaced by the series circuit R9 + R11 and the resistance values are known. k = [U8 * Rers * (R6 + R8)] / [UBat 2 * R8 - U8 * U Ba t * (R6 + R8) - Rers * U8 * U Bat ]

Eine analoge Vorgehensweise ist für die Spannung U9 anwendbar, um den Isolationswiderstand R14 zu ermitteln.An analogous procedure is for the voltage U9 applicable to determine the insulation resistance R14.

Bei identischen Widerstandswerten für die Messwiderstände 8, 9 und die Vorwiderstände 6, 11 ist schon bei unterschiedlich gemessenen Werten für die Spannungen U8, U9 ein fehlerhafter Isolationswiderstand ermittelbar. Dies ist jedoch nur eine relative Aussage, die auch nur bei einem Einzelfehler zu einem richtigen Ergebnis führt.With identical resistance values for the measuring resistors 8th . 9 and the series resistors 6 . 11 a faulty insulation resistance can be determined even with different measured values for the voltages U8, U9. However, this is only a relative statement that only leads to a correct result in the case of a single error.

Claims (8)

Vorrichtung zum Messen des Isolationswiderstandes in einem elektrischen Energie-System, wobei das elektrische Energie-System eine Traktionsbatterie (15) und ein Bordnetz umfasst, deren Potentiale nicht miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Pluspol und Minuspol der Traktionsbatterie (15) zwei serielle Spannungsteiler geschaltet sind, wobei jeder Spannungsteiler jeweils einen Vorwiderstand (6, 11) und einen Messwiderstand (8, 9) aufweist, die beiden Messwiderstände (8, 9) über eine gemeinsame Verbindungsanleitung (4) mit einer Bordnetzmasse (16) verbunden sind, wobei mittels einer Messeinrichtung (3) die Spannungen (U8, U9) über den Messwiderständen (8, 9) erfassbar sind, wobei der Vorwiderstand (6, 11) und der Messwiderstand (8, 9) in den jeweiligen Spannungsteilern derart dimensioniert sind, dass die Spannungen (U8, U9) über den Messwiderständen (8, 9) im Messbereich der Messeinrichtung (3) liegen, wobei die gemessenen Spannungen (U8, U9) einer Auswerteeinrichtung zuführbar sind, wobei die Gesamtspannung (UBat) der Traktionsbatterie traktionsseitig erfassbar und galvanisch getrennt der Auswerteeinrichtung übermittelbar ist, wobei in der Auswerteeinrichtung mittels der Spannungen (U8, U9) und der Gesamtspannung (UBat) die Isolationswiderstände zwischen der Traktionsbatterie (15) und der Bordnetzmasse (16) ermittelbar sind.Device for measuring the insulation resistance in an electrical energy system, the electrical energy system comprising a traction battery ( 15 ) and an electrical system, whose potentials are not connected to each other, characterized in that between the positive and negative poles of the traction battery ( 15 ) two serial voltage dividers are connected, each voltage divider each having a series resistor ( 6 . 11 ) and a measuring resistor ( 8th . 9 ), the two measuring resistors ( 8th . 9 ) via a common connection instruction ( 4 ) with an electrical system ground ( 16 ) are connected, whereby by means of a measuring device ( 3 ) the voltages (U8, U9) across the measuring resistors ( 8th . 9 ) can be detected, the series resistor ( 6 . 11 ) and the measuring resistor ( 8th . 9 ) in the respective voltage dividers are dimensioned such that the voltages (U8, U9) across the measuring resistors ( 8th . 9 ) in the measuring range of the measuring device ( 3 ), the measured voltages (U8, U9) being able to be fed to an evaluation device, the total voltage (U Bat ) of the traction battery being detectable on the traction side and being able to be transmitted to the evaluation device in an electrically isolated manner, the voltages (U8, U9) and the Total voltage (U Bat ) the insulation resistance between the traction battery ( 15 ) and the wiring system mass ( 16 ) can be determined. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messeinrichtung (3) eine Analog/Digital-Wandlerschaltung mit galvanischer Trennung umfasst.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring device ( 3 ) includes an analog / digital converter circuit with electrical isolation. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolationswiderstand in einem Bereich von 100 Ohm/V bis 1000 Ohm/V ermittelbar ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the insulation resistance is in a range of 100 Ohm / V to 1000 Ohm / V can be determined. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolationswiderstand bei Traktionsbatterien mit Spannungen von 100 V bis 500 V ermittelbar ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the insulation resistance in traction batteries can be determined with voltages from 100 V to 500 V. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils die Messwiderstände (8, 9) und die Vorwiderstände (6, 11) identische Widerstandswerte aufweisen.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case the measuring resistors ( 8th . 9 ) and the series resistors ( 6 . 11 ) have identical resistance values. Verfahren zum Messen des Isolationswiderstandes in einem elektrischen Energie-System, mittels einer Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannungen (U8, U9) erfasst und der Auswerteeinrichtung übermittelt werden, wobei ferner eine Gesamtspannung (UBat) der Traktionsbatterie (15) traktionsseitig erfasst und galvanisch getrennt der Auswerteeinrichtung übermittelt wird, wobei mittels der erfassten Spannungen (U8, U9, UBat) der Isolationswiderstand zwischen Traktionsbatterie (15) und Bordnetz ermittelt wird.Method for measuring the insulation resistance in an electrical energy system, by means of a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltages (U8, U9) are detected and transmitted to the evaluation device, a total voltage (UBat) of the traction battery ( 15 ) recorded on the traction side and transmitted to the evaluation device in an electrically isolated manner, the insulation resistance between the traction battery (U8, U9, UBat) 15 ) and electrical system is determined. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolationswiderstand in einem Bereich von 100 Ohm/V bis 1000 Ohm/V ermittelt wird.A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the insulation resistance in a range from 100 ohms / V to 1000 Ohm / V is determined. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolationswiderstand bei Traktionsbatterien mit Spannungen von 100 V bis 500 V ermittelt wird.Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that that the insulation resistance in traction batteries with voltages from 100 V to 500 V is determined.
DE10304234A 2003-01-28 2003-01-28 Insulation resistance measuring device, for electrical power system of e.g. electric or hybrid vehicle, has two measurement resistances between traction battery poles connected to main power supply Ceased DE10304234A1 (en)

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