DE102014118553A1 - roller bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

A rolling bearing (4), in particular for a vehicle transmission, has an inner ring (5), an outer ring (6) and a plurality of rolling elements (7) arranged between the inner ring (6) and the outer ring (6). Furthermore, the roller bearing (4) has at least one damping layer (8) made of a vibration-damping material, which thus in the outer ring (6) and / or in the inner ring (5) and / or in a rolling bearing (4) at its Is arranged outer circumference surrounding adapter ring (9), that the outer ring (6) and / or the inner ring (5) and / or the adapter ring (9) through the damping layer (8) in two independent parts (6a, 6b) is divided.

Description

The invention relates to a rolling bearing, in particular for a vehicle transmission, with an inner ring, an outer ring and a plurality of arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring rolling elements. Furthermore, the invention relates to a bearing assembly with a housing and a component to be stored and a method for damping vibrations in a rolling bearing.

In vehicle transmissions, there are noises due to system-internal mechanisms and induced vibrations of adjacent components. The main sources of noise are load-bearing gears, as due to stiffness variations in gear-shifting and deviations from an ideal involute profile, vibration excitations occur which are perceived as howling or whistling sounds. By the internal combustion engine initiated rotational irregularities that lead to shocks, it rattle and rattle noise. These vibrations caused or generated in the transmission are transmitted as structure-borne noise via gears, shafts and bearings to the transmission housing and radiated from there as airborne sound.

In order to improve the noise behavior of a gear under load, primary measures, namely the reduction of the structure-borne sound excitation itself, or secondary measures, such as the reduction of structure-borne sound transmission or sound radiation, can be carried out.

As part of the reduction of structure-borne sound excitation is trying to optimize the rigidity and the deviations of the teeth. However, the corrections of the tooth flanks used to reduce the vibration excitation have the disadvantage that they only contribute to noise reduction in certain load cases and, in some cases, even lead to a deterioration of the noise behavior outside of these load cases.

Among the secondary measures to minimize the propagation of structure-borne noise and thus reduce the formation of airborne sound include various types of insulation and attenuation of structure-borne sound waves and the adaptation of the natural vibration behavior of the components involved in the structure-borne sound conduction and radiation. For example, in "Possibilities for improving the noise behavior of gear drives, Research Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, No. 1867" by H. Opitz et al. proposed to use plastic locking members, for example in the region between the toothing and the hub of the gear. Partly also tried to use a different material than steel for the gears. examples for this are "Use of epoxy resin foam in composite composite gears, 14th Symposium Composite Materials and Composites, Vienna Conference, 2-4. July 2003 "by M. Ullmann et al. or "Low-noise gear transmission through the use of lightweight and damping compound composite gears, METAV, Meeting Munich, 28.04.2004" by K. Dilger et al.

In the DE 1 966 463 A1 is a soundproofed warehouse, z. As a roller or ball bearing, described, which is used between a rotor and a bearing housing. Between the parts of the bearing and the rotor, a sound damping arrangement of two or more elastic bodies is provided.

A shock and vibration damper for the suspension of drives in automobiles is in the DE 16 55 607 A1 described. In this case, fillings are provided from a plurality of separately prepared and compacted metal wire cloth winding cushions.

A vibration-damping bearing for fixing a housing of a steering system on a vehicle-fixed component, which has an insulating element of single or multi-layer, mesh-forming metal knitted fabric is in the DE 10 2009 000 566 A1 described.

However, all of the known solutions are either very expensive and thus not suitable for use in series, especially in vehicle transmissions, or they dampen the resulting vibrations only so inadequately that nevertheless a considerable structure-borne sound excitation occurs.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a rolling bearing, in particular for a vehicle transmission, which is able to dampen the vibrations introduced in the same so that the formation of structure-borne noise is prevented as comprehensively as possible.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1.

Because according to the invention the damping layer divides the outer ring or the inner ring or the adapter ring into two independent parts, the propagation of the vibrations acting on one of the two independent parts is reduced to the other part. By the at least one damping layer of the vibration damping material so on the one hand, the propagation of structure-borne sound waves hinders and thus achieves an insulation of the vibrations.

On the other hand, existing within the damping layer vibration energy is converted into heat and thus in an acoustically irrelevant form of energy, which corresponds to a damping or absorption of the vibrations.

The inventive arrangement of the damping layer which divides the outer ring and / or the inner ring and / or the adapter ring into two independent parts and thereby prevents contact or contact of the two parts with each other, the occurrence of sound bridges is avoided, so that the structure-borne sound transmission can take place exclusively via the damping layer. In this case, the damping layer on the one hand provides a sound resistance and on the other hand, the existing body sound energy, which acts on the rolling bearing according to the invention, absorbed by the damping layer.

In this way, there is a significant reduction in the body sound radiation of a housing in which the rolling bearing according to the invention is installed. By means of the damping layer according to the invention, it is possible to achieve reductions in the structure-borne sound level of up to 5 dB. In this case, the rolling bearing according to the invention requires only a relatively low cost compared to other solutions for insulation and damping of vibrations or structure-borne noise.

In a very advantageous embodiment of the invention can be provided that the damping layer is formed of a plurality of metal wires pressed into each other. The use of metal wires pressed into one another, for example in the form of a woven fabric, a mesh, a knitted fabric, a knitted fabric, a tangle or another structure made of metal wires results in a multiplicity of joints, contact points and parting surfaces, resulting in a high degree of friction and thus a high energy dissipation within the damping layer is achieved. At the contact points of the structure produced from the metal wires produced by the relative movement of the individual wires to each other friction, which is converted into heat. Due to this energy conversion, the vibrations are damped. These effects are attributed, inter alia, to the hysteretic behavior within the damping layer. Furthermore arise within this consisting of the metal wires damping layer reflections of the structure-borne sound waves, which can lead to an acoustic short circuit. Due to these reflection processes at boundary layers, for example at the transition between the individual wires or at the transition from the solid material to the damping layer, a further strong sound insulation is achieved. Another advantage of the use of metal wires is that in this way the rigidity of the entire bearing is reduced only slightly.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the damping layer consists of a plastic or rubber.

In order to enhance the effect of the solution according to the invention, it can be provided in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention that a plurality of damping layers are arranged next to one another in the radial direction.

For certain embodiments or applications of rolling bearings, it may be advantageous if the damping layer is arranged relative to the independent parts of the outer ring and / or the inner ring, that radial forces can be transmitted via the outer ring and / or the inner ring.

Similarly, in certain embodiments or applications, it may be advantageous if the damping layer is arranged opposite the independent parts of the outer ring and / or the inner ring such that axial forces can be transmitted via the outer ring and / or the inner ring.

By a combination of these two solutions, the rolling bearing according to the invention can transmit forces both in the axial and in the radial direction.

In practice, it has proven to be particularly effective when the at least one damping layer is integrated in the outer ring of the rolling bearing.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention, with which the effect of the same can be improved, may consist in that the thickness of the at least one damping layer is slightly greater than a distance between the two independent parts of the outer ring and / or the inner ring and / or the adapter ring. In this way, there is a compression and a bias of the damping layer, whereby the rigidity of the entire bearing increases.

In claim 9, a bearing assembly is provided with a housing, a component to be stored and a rolling bearing according to the invention. Such a bearing arrangement is in particular for use in a vehicle transmission for insulation and attenuation of the vibrations and the resulting structure-borne noise suitable.

In claim 10, a method for damping vibrations in a rolling bearing is given, can be reduced in a very simple and effective way, for example, in a vehicle transmission with a rolling bearing according to the invention the vibrations.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in principle with reference to the drawings.

It shows:

1 a first embodiment of a bearing assembly with a rolling bearing according to the invention;

2 a more detailed illustration of a first embodiment of a rolling bearing of the bearing assembly of 1 ;

3 a more detailed representation of a second embodiment of a rolling bearing of the bearing assembly of 1 ;

4 a second embodiment of a bearing assembly with a rolling bearing according to the invention;

5 a more detailed representation of a first embodiment of an adapter ring of the bearing assembly of 4 ; and

6 a more detailed illustration of a second embodiment of an adapter ring of the bearing assembly of 4 ,

1 shows a bearing assembly 1 that a housing 2 , one in the case 2 to be stored component 3 as well as a rolling bearing 4 having. In the case 2 In the present case, this is a transmission housing, in particular for a vehicle transmission, and in the component to be stored 3 around a shaft on which there is a gear. In the rolling bearing 4 it can be a ball bearing, a roller bearing or any other form of rolling bearing. Furthermore, a double-row embodiment of the in 1 single row bearing shown 4 conceivable. Basically, the rolling bearing could 4 be used in other applications, ie not only in a vehicle transmission.

In the 2 and 3 are two different embodiments of the rolling bearing 4 shown. It can be seen that the rolling bearing 4 in a conventional manner, an inner ring 5 , an outer ring 6 and several between the inner ring 5 and the outer ring 6 arranged rolling elements 7 having. In the present case, it concerns with the rolling elements 7 however, other types of rolling elements could be used for balls as mentioned above 7 be provided. As also known per se, stands the inner ring 5 with the in the 2 and 3 not shown, to be stored component 3 and the outer ring 6 with the housing, also not shown 2 in contact.

To over the component to be stored 3 in the inner ring 5 and over the rolling elements 7 in the outer ring 6 dampen and attenuate induced vibrations and propagate them into the housing 2 in the present case is in the outer ring 6 of the rolling bearing 4 a damping layer made of a vibration-damping material 8th integrated or in the outer ring 6 arranged. The damping layer 8th , which could also be referred to as a damping element or as a damping and insulating element, is so in the outer ring 6 arranged that this through the damping layer 8th into two independent parts, namely an inner part 6a and an outer part 6b , is shared. The two parts 6a and 6b are only on the existing of the vibration damping material damping layer 8th in contact with each other.

Because the damping layer 8th is designed for insulation and damping of vibrations and the outer ring 6 in the two independent parts 6a and 6b divides and thus avoids the formation of sound bridges, which are about the rolling elements 7 on the inner part 6a transmitted vibrations only to a small extent to the outer part 6b transmit, so that a further transmission of the vibrations to the housing 2 is prevented. Through the damping layer 8th So are vibrations or due to vibrations in the outer ring 6 propagating structure-borne sound waves impeded or interrupted. Furthermore, takes place in the damping layer 8th a conversion of vibration energy into heat instead, resulting in a damping of the vibrations.

While in the embodiment of 2 the cushioning layer 8th so opposite to the independent parts 6a and 6b of the outer ring 6 is arranged that over the outer ring 6 Radial forces are transferable, is the damping layer 8th in the embodiment of 3 so opposite to the independent parts 6a and 6b of the outer ring 6 arranged that over the outer ring 6 both radial and axial forces are transferable. Basically, an embodiment of the rolling bearing would be 4 conceivable in which only axial forces are transferable, such an embodiment is not shown in the figures.

In the in the 2 and 3 illustrated embodiment, the damping layer 8th in the outer ring 6 arranged. However, it would also be possible to use the cushioning layer 8th in the inner ring 5 to arrange and thereby divide this into two independent parts. Also, an arrangement of the damping layer 8th in the outer ring 6 and the inner ring 5 is conceivable. All other embodiments and developments described herein are of course also suitable for this embodiment, in which the damping layer 8th alternatively or additionally in the inner ring 5 is arranged.

In 4 is another embodiment of the bearing assembly 1 shown. This is on the outer circumference of the outer ring 6 of the rolling bearing 4 an adapter ring 9 provided by reference to the 2 and 3 already described damping layer 8th is arranged. In a similar manner as in the embodiment of 2 and 3 shares the cushioning layer 8th the adapter ring 9 into two independent parts, namely an inner part 9a and an outer part 9b , In this way, the of the component to be stored 3 Although generated vibrations via the inner ring 5 , the rolling elements 7 and the outer ring 6 on the inner part 9a of the adapter ring 9 be transferred due to the arrangement of the damping layer 8th inside the adapter ring 9 will transfer the vibrations to the outer part 9b of the adapter ring 9 However, heavily insulated or damped, so that the housing 2 far less affected by vibrations. The mode of action of the damping layer 8th in the adapter ring 9 is therefore similar to that in the outer ring 6 or the inner ring 5 of the rolling bearing 4 ,

In the 5 and 6 are two embodiments of the adapter ring 9 shown in more detail. Similar to the embodiments of the 2 and 3 is the embodiment of the adapter ring 9 according to 5 for transmitting radial forces and the embodiment of 6 provided for the transmission of radial and axial forces. In the embodiments of the 2 and 5 the damping layer runs 8th So throughout the entire width of the outer ring 6 or the adapter ring 9 while in the embodiments of 3 and 6 at the lateral edges of the outer ring 6 or the adapter ring 9 respective shoulders are formed, on which the damping layer 8th is applied.

The damping layer 8th In the present case, it is formed from a multiplicity of metal wires which are pressed into one another and can be in the form of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a braid, a knitted fabric, a tangle or another structure, for example, and are preferably pressed together. For pressing the metal wires, a suitable shape may be used to provide the ring shape of the cushion layer desired in this case 8th to create. Such a structure of metal wires pressed into one another has a multiplicity of joints, contact points and separating surfaces, as a result of which good sound insulation is achieved due to friction and reflections.

For example, the metal wires may be made of stainless steel, such as a suitable chromium-nickel steel. The metal wires may have a thickness of 0.25 mm, for example. Of course, completely different thicknesses or diameters of the metal wires are possible.

In principle, the damping layer would also be conceivable 8th made of a plastic material or rubber.

In a manner not shown, also several of the damping layers 8th in the radial direction of the rolling bearing designated by "X" 4 or the adapter ring 9 be provided.

Furthermore, the thickness of the damping layer 8th slightly larger than a distance between the two independent parts 6a and 6b of the outer ring 6 or the inner ring 5 or the adapter ring 9 , This results in a bias of the damping layer 8th within the rolling bearing 4 or the adapter ring 9 ,

For mounting, the damping layer 8th for example, between the two parts 6a and 6b of the outer ring 6 or the two parts 9a and 9b of the adapter ring 9 or the two parts of the inner ring, not shown 5 be pressed. This can be done on the two parts 6a and 6b respectively. 9a and 9b corresponding chamfers are located, which is an introduction of the damping layer 8th facilitate.

Both with the rolling bearing 4 according to the 2 and 3 as well as with the adapter ring 9 in combination with a commercially available rolling bearing or one with the damping layer 8th equipped rolling bearings 4 is a method for damping vibrations in the rolling bearing 4 feasible, in which by means of the existing of the vibration damping material damping layer 8th the on the rolling bearing 4 or on the adapter ring 9 transmitted vibrations are damped.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 1966463 A1 [0006]
• DE 1655607 A1 [0007]
• DE 102009000566 A1 [0008]

Cited non-patent literature

• "Possibilities for improving the noise behavior of gear drives, Research Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, No. 1867" by H. Opitz et al. [0005]
• "Use of epoxy resin foam in composite composite gears, 14th Symposium Composite Materials and Composites, Vienna Conference, 2-4. July 2003 "by M. Ullmann et al. [0005]
• "Low-noise gear transmission through the use of lightweight and damping compound composite gears, METAV, Meeting Munich, 28.04.2004" by K. Dilger et al. [0005]

Claims (10)

Roller bearing ( 4 ), in particular for a vehicle transmission, with an inner ring ( 5 ), an outer ring ( 6 ) and several between the inner ring ( 6 ) and the outer ring ( 6 ) arranged rolling elements ( 7 ), characterized by at least one damping layer consisting of a vibration-damping material ( 8th ), which in the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or in the inner ring ( 5 ) and / or in a rolling bearing ( 4 ) surrounding on its outer circumference adapter ring ( 9 ) is arranged, that the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or the inner ring ( 5 ) and / or the adapter ring ( 9 ) through the damping layer ( 8th ) into two independent parts ( 6a . 6b ) is shared. Rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping layer ( 8th ) is formed of a plurality of nested metal wires. Rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping layer ( 8th ) consists of a plastic or rubber. Rolling bearing according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a plurality of damping layers ( 8th ) are arranged side by side in the radial direction (X). Rolling bearing according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the damping layer ( 8th ) so in relation to the independent parts ( 6a . 6b ) of the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or the inner ring ( 5 ) is arranged that over the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or the inner ring ( 5 ) Radial forces are transferable. Rolling bearing according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the damping layer ( 8th ) so in relation to the independent parts ( 6a . 6b ) of the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or the inner ring ( 5 ) is arranged that over the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or the inner ring ( 5 ) Axialkräfte are transferable. Rolling bearing according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the damping layer ( 8th ) in the outer ring ( 6 ) of the rolling bearing ( 4 ) is integrated. Rolling bearing according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thickness of the at least one damping layer ( 8th ) is slightly larger than a distance between the two independent parts ( 6a . 6b ) of the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or the inner ring ( 5 ) and / or the adapter ring ( 9 ). Bearing arrangement ( 1 ) with a housing ( 2 ), in particular a gear housing, a component to be stored ( 3 ), in particular a toothed wheel, and with a roller bearing ( 4 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8. Method for damping vibrations in a rolling bearing, wherein by means of at least one damping layer consisting of a vibration-damping material ( 8th ), which in the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or the inner ring ( 5 ) is arranged, that the outer ring ( 6 ) and / or the inner ring ( 5 ) through the damping layer ( 8th ) into two independent parts ( 6a . 6b ), vibrations are damped.

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