DE102014101001A1 - Quick-change device for a construction equipment with boom - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a quick-change device for a construction device with boom, in particular excavator, with the aid of a tool is releasably connected to the boom, the connector of an adapter (1) which is attached to the tool, and a quick coupler (2), which is attached to the boom, is constructed, which are releasably connected to each other by means of a lock, wherein the adapter (1) consists of a housing consisting of two spaced and parallel aligned side surfaces (7a, 7b), which at one end face an end plate (9) are formed, and the spaced side surfaces (7) with a parallel to the end plate (9) aligned bolt (8a) are in communication and the quick coupler (2) substantially in the form of a plate (3) configured is, at one end face (5) claws (4) are facing outwardly facing mounted and on its opposite side an end face (5) au fiden, which is dimensioned so that in a fork-shaped gripping the bolt (8) by means of the jaws (4) and pivoting of the quick coupler (2) the end face (5) on the end plate (9) comes into abutment, wherein at least one further bolt (8b) is present, which is parallel to the first bolt (8a) and which is dimensioned so that another quick coupler (2) with the first quick coupler (2) different dimensions after placing the jaws (4) on the bolt (8b ) and pivoting also on a cover plate (9) comes to rest.

Description

The invention relates to a quick-change device for a construction equipment with boom, in particular excavator, in which a tool is detachably connected to the boom, the connecting piece of an adapter, which is attached to the tool, and a quick coupler, which is attached to the boom constructed is releasably, but releasably by means of a lock, wherein the adapter consists of a housing which is formed of two spaced and parallel side surfaces, which are connected at one end to a cover plate, and the spaced side surfaces with a parallel connected to the end plate bolt in conjunction and the quick coupler is substantially configured in the form of a plate, at one end face of the claws are facing outwardly zuweisend and having on its opposite side an end face which is dimensioned so that in a forked E gripping the bolt by means of the jaws and pivoting the quick coupler the end face comes to rest on the end plate.

In construction equipment such as excavators particular building tools are attached to the boom, which can be brought using a rule hydraulically guided movement in different spatial positions and used to implement the relevant work. As tools scoop, hammer, etc. into consideration. In order to allow a quick change of tools, the connection between the tool and the boom by means of quick coupling devices, which consist in their basic structure on the one hand from a boom mounted on the quick coupler and an adapter attached to the tool.

This adapter and quick coupler are coordinated so that they are temporarily engaged and locked in this state to carry out the work. The release of the lock allows the tool to be separated from the actual construction equipment or its boom, wherein the lock itself can be mechanically operated, for example by a bolt against the restoring force of a spring in a corresponding opening engages and proceed to open back to the starting position becomes. More recently, hydraulic operations of the bolt have become widespread. The connection is made with the aid of a pivot lock, which is in the adapter a horizontal pivot axis and the opposite end plate, the pivot axis is embraced by the attached to the quick coupler claw like a fork, to set a pivoting movement about this axis performs until it fits with to come to the opposite end of the end plate to the plant. The bracing is facilitated by the end plate is bevelled, in the sense that only when the relative pivoting movement adapter quick coupler is completed, the full-surface investment comes about.

For reasons of stability, taking into account the rough use of the corresponding tools describe the pivot axis, the end plate of the adapter and two opposite, the recording of the pin serving side surfaces a substantially upwardly to rectangular housing whose lower end face makes the connection to the tool. The task of the end plate is also that with the production of the compound is a mechanical and / or hydraulic coupling. Such quick coupling devices are well known, for example on the DE 4214569 C1 is referenced.

In practice, there is the problem that for a quick coupler and adapter must be accurately fitted together, and that problems arise from the fact that depending on the size or the excavator class already for mechanical reasons different dimensions in the bolt diameter, the bolt length, the bolt plate and the width of the adapter and the distance of the bolt are given to the end plate. This results in the requirement that adapter and quick coupler can only be used for a single excavator class or otherwise would require lengthy conversion work.

The invention therefore has the task of creating a quick device that allows use for different tool sizes (excavator classes).

This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

The proposed solution according to the invention is to provide an adapter that allows quick couplers of different dimensions and thus to accommodate excavator classes. For this purpose, in the adapters already known from the prior art, which have a bolt serving as a pivot axis, at least one further bolt is proposed, which are arranged parallel to one another, so that, as a result, all the bolts extend in the same direction. The spatial arrangement of the or the bolt has to be made so that they are adapted to the spatial dimensioning of at least two quick couplers, ie the center of the pin encompassing the claw has such a distance from the End plate, that the quick coupler fits accurately. When fork-shaped embracing the bolt and making a pivoting movement about the pivot axis defined thereby, the quick coupler is flat on the adapter or its end plate to the plant.

Each bolt is used to hold a matching quick coupler from the dimensions. In the most general case, each quick coupler is assigned its own end plate in the adapter d. H. the end face of each quick coupler comes to its own individual, their associated end plate to the plant. As a result, you get several, for example, stacked end plates.

In an advantageous embodiment, all quick couplers of different dimensions always ensure that they come to rest on one and the same end plate. In this way, a connection between the quick coupler and adapter by alignment and mechanical linkage and / or for the preparation of a hydraulic connection, which are used to control the locking and releasing the connection between quick coupler and adapter and accomplish. Despite the use of quick couplers of different dimensions, the connection between the quick coupler and the end plate is always maintained by the surface contact.

In the context of the invention, it is fundamentally clear in what manner (eg, mechanically, hydraulically) the actuation and actuation of the locking takes place with the aid of which the connection between quick coupler and adapter is made.

In the context of the invention is basically arbitrary, how much additional bolts are housed in the adapter. The number of bolts, which are arranged in individually different spatial positions relative to each other, determines the number of quick couplers that can be accommodated by the adapter. Already in simple cases, it is sufficient to provide and attach an additional bolt to the existing one.

The assembly of quick coupler with adapter requires a pivoting movement until reaching the defined end position. In this case, it may happen that the second (and / or the further) bolts not used at the moment are positioned in the swiveling path of the quick coupler, ie would hinder the movement. In such cases, it is imperative that these (and possibly further) bolts are releasably secured. They can then be removed if necessary and thus no longer impair movement. For this purpose, the fastening of the bolts is recommended to be carried out by being inserted into the two side walls of the adapter in openings of suitable diameter and locked there. By axial displacement of the bolt with optionally subsequent locking the fixing or removal is possible when performing the prescribed sequence of actions in reverse order.

The locking can be realized in the invention in any manner, such as by making a positive connection with the adapter and / or by a frictional connection produced by means of clamping connections.

The end plate will always be oriented to have an acute angle to the tangent surface to the circle about the pivot axis, in the sense that the plate of the end surface opens towards the quick coupler. The advantageous result is that the quick coupler moves as it moves around the pivot axis in the manner of a wedge against the surface of the end plate and comes to rest on this. The end plate thus serves as an inclined clamping surface on which slides the quick coupler with its corresponding surface by the quick coupler is pressed onto the adapter by means of a pivoting movement about the bolt and indeed so far until it comes to the full surface stop. As a result, a mechanical or hydraulic connection is made through which the lock is made.

The mechanical embodiments are, for example, an articulated lever mechanism with a lock over a dead center and in the hydraulic design to the articulation of the locking device to a hydraulic cylinder.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention can therefore be found in the following description parts by an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 a device according to the invention with two quick couplers of different sizes, which are associated with an adapter.

2 an adapter with two bolts of different diameters.

1 shows in side view an exploded view of the quick-change device according to the invention, which in its basic structure from an adapter 1 and the quick coupler 2 B consists. For better clarity, two quick couplers 2a . 2 B arranged one above the other, which are substantially identical in construction, essentially of a horizontally extending plate 3a . 3b , Which in the arrangement shown parallel to each other and to the adapter 1 , but spaced apart. The quick coupler 2a . 2 B are very similar in their construction to each other, as they are at their right end respectively in a pair of claws 4a . 4b end up. The claw 4 opposite end face 5 is opposite the one through the plate 3 beveled plane upwards to be beveled.

Underneath is the adapter 1 , which describes an upwardly open housing, which two parallel but spaced apart side surfaces 7a . 7b has, in each of which openings are introduced, the inclusion of bolts 8th serve, which are aligned parallel to each other and each with their ends in the side surfaces 7 intervention. The side surfaces 7 are at their rear end in turn on an end plate 9 closed, which has a slope which is parallel to that of the end face 5 is aligned. The front of the end plate 9 distant bolts 8b , is designed with the quick coupler 2 B together. For this purpose, the quick coupler 2 B pivoted upwards relative to the orientation shown in the drawing and brought the plate in an oblique orientation, with his claws 4b on the bolt 8b in a direction substantially in the direction of the median plane of the plates 3 extending movement and to reach the final position with his claws 4b opposite end as far down to be pivoted until the end face 5b at the end plate 9 comes to the plant. In the final position is the quick coupler 2 B from all sides circulating in the adapter 1 fixed. With the plant of the face 5b at the end plate 9 a mechanical and / or hydraulic connection is made, which allows to control a non-reproduced in the drawing locking mechanism and operated by the quick coupler 2 B is temporarily set within the adapter.

To clarify is that the further bolt 8a is removed during the process just described by the engagement movement and the pivoting of the plate 3 not to hinder to the stop position. During this work phase, the bolt can 8a at the fastening rings 11 be kept captive.

The way of adapting different sizes of quick coupler to the adapter becomes apparent when attaching the upper quick coupler 2a to the above (quick coupler 2 B ). The quick coupler 2a is also with his claws 4a now on the bolt 8a put on in the top of the quick coupler 2 B described way pivoted until he also with his face 5b at the end plate 9 comes to the plant. The different dimensions of the two quick couplers 2a . 2 B in the through the plate 3 level described, ie in their distance between the end face 5b and the claws 4 or whose central axis is accounted for by two different bolts 8a and 8b in the adapter 1 are housed, with the position of the bolt 8th is chosen so that the end faces 5 of both quick couplers always on the same end plate 9 of the adapter 1 over the entire area comes to the plant. The adaptation to the changing dimensions of the quick coupler follows only by different and respectively to the claws 4 Corresponding attachment of the bolts 8th , Fixing of bolts and here especially a replaceable bolt 8a via clamping rings 10 , Two more fixing rings 11 can be seen, which define a common axis, which is substantially parallel to the side surfaces 7 of the adapter 1 run and that can be used to the pulled out bolt 8th temporarily for storage and hold.

Based on the just described principle of receiving quick couplers of two different dimensions in the same adapter 1 is now easily understandable that going beyond the two pre-marked quick coupler 2 Also other deviating quick couplers can be included in the same adapter, provided accordingly associated bolt 8th be housed in the adapter. As a rule and to avoid disabilities in making the connection between quick coupler 2 and adapters 1 need the bolts 8th removable, ie be temporarily removable.

The 2 is an adapter in oblique view 1 deviating from the in the 1 shown arrangement without quick coupler. In the 2 shown embodiment of an adapter 1 agrees with the in the 1 essentially coincide. The key difference is that the side surfaces 7 are not formed as a plane but that they each consist of two flat surfaces which are offset from each other in the normal. The side surface 7 then describes in the direction perpendicular to the bolt 8th a curve outward to the outside. This necessarily results in the area of the lower part of the side surface 7 shorter distances and consequently the possibility of receiving a shorter bolt 8u , The lower side surface 7u is at the upper end face with a circumferential U-plate 12 provided, which outwards to over the side surface 7u survives and absorbs the forces with support wedges 13 is provided. On this U-sheet 12 are the upper side surfaces 7u attached in approximately tab-shaped alignment and thus describe a greater distance from each other, so that longer upper bolt 8o can be attached. Both bolts (lower 8u and upper one 8o ) run parallel to each other, but are chosen differently in length and height offset in the sense that the upper bolt a greater distance from the respective end plate 9 having. As far as the quick coupler, not shown, occupies the lower position, he is with his claws with the lower bolt 8u contacted and its end face with the lower end plate 9u brought to the plant. If, on the other hand, the larger size quick coupler is used, its jaws surround the upper pin 8o and he comes with his face on the upper end plate 9o to the plant. When attached, the two quick couplers 2 offset in height and the upper bolt 8o has a greater distance to the upper end plate 9o on as the bottom bolt 8o from the associated end plate 9u , The advantage of the height offset is essentially that both bolts 8th can be fixed rigidly and their solubility is not mandatory. This is an essential difference to that in the 1 shown device.

As a result, you get a quick-change device, which opens up the possibility to connect without much effort quick coupler of different dimensions with one and the same adapter.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 adapter

2

 Quick coupler

3a, 3b

 plates

4a, 4b

 steal

5a, 5b

 face

6

 casing

7a, 7b

 faces

7u

 lower part of the side surface

7o

 upper part of the side surface

8a, 8b

 bolt

8o

 upper bolt

8u

 lower bolt

9o

 upper end plate

9u

 lower end plate

10

 clamping ring

11

 fixing ring

12

 U-sheet

13

 support wedge

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 4214569 C1 [0004]

Claims (9)

Quick-change device for a construction device with a boom, in particular excavator, with the aid of which a tool is detachably connected to the boom, the connection piece from an adapter ( 1 ), which is attached to the tool, and a quick coupler ( 2 ), which is attached to the boom, is constructed, which are releasably connected to each other by means of a lock, wherein the adapter ( 1 ) consists of a housing consisting of two spaced and parallel side surfaces ( 7a . 7b ), which at one end face with an end plate ( 9 ) are formed, and the spaced side surfaces ( 7 ) with a parallel to the end plate ( 9 ) aligned bolts ( 8a ) and the quick coupler ( 2 ) substantially in the form of a plate ( 3 ) is configured, at one end face ( 5 ) Claws ( 4 ) are facing outwards facing and on its opposite side an end face ( 5 ), which is dimensioned so that when a fork-shaped gripping the bolt ( 8th ) by means of the claws ( 4 ) and pivoting the quick coupler ( 2 ) the end face ( 5 ) on the end plate ( 9 ) comes to rest, characterized in that at least one further bolt ( 8b ), which is parallel to the first bolt ( 8a ) and which is dimensioned so that another quick coupler ( 2 ) with the first quick coupler ( 2 ) deviating dimensions after placing the claws ( 4 ) on the bolt ( 8b ) and pivoting also on a cover plate ( 9 ) comes to the plant. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the end plate ( 9 ) for the different bolts ( 8th ) is identical. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drive of the lock mechanically and / or hydraulically from the end plate ( 9 ) on the face ( 5 ) is transmitted. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the bolts ( 8th ) is releasably attached. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bolts ( 8th ) in the side surfaces ( 7 ) are inserted and fixed by means of a locking device. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the locking device is a clamping ring ( 10 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two fastening rings on the outside of the side surface ( 7 ) are mounted in coaxial alignment and have a diameter and distance from each other such that they are suitable for receiving bolts ( 8th ) are suitable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end plate ( 9 ) describes an area opposite that of a circle around the center of the bolt ( 8th ) defined tangential plane includes an acute angle, in the sense that when inserting the quick coupler ( 2 ) whose end face ( 5 ) comes wedge-shaped to the plant. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side surfaces ( 7 ) in the tangential direction describe an inwardly and / or outwardly cranked surface.

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