DE3110527C2 - Coupling device for a work device - such as a hydraulic excavator - with at least two optionally connectable work tools - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hoist, in particular a hydraulic excavator or crane, with at least two work tools (2) that can be optionally coupled to the carrier device (1) by means of a coupling (3), by means of a pressure medium and / or electrically operated working tools (2), e.g. a two-shell gripper, a multi-shell gripper, a lifting magnet or the like. Of which the respectively coupled working tool (2) from an energy source present on the carrier device (1) via a supply feed line (14) and a with this to be connected, on the respective working tool (2), which leads to the actuating device of the working tool (2), the supply line section (16) is to be supplied with energy, the coupling (3) having at least one first guide means (27), with each of which a working tool (2) provided with an adapted guide device (48) for the first guide means relative to the coupling (3) when it is rela tive approach to the working tool (2) is guided from the driver's seat to bring into a predetermined locking position, and at least one locking means (31, 38, 49) is provided with which the working tool (2) brought into the locked position when coupling with the coupling (3) is to be locked from the driver's seat, and wherein at least one connecting means (67) is present with which the free end of the supply feed line (14) when coupling the .............. ..

Description

is, it also has numerous disadvantages for implements and tools with a purely hydraulic offset. These do not only consist in the requirement of a specially illustrated boom, but ii. a. also in the fact that the seals are subject to considerable wear and tear ... so that there is an unintentional leakage of hydraulic oil with corresponding contamination and losses, since some of the. Connecting bolts representing the degree of displacement at the same time as the mechanical ones. Connect ι ο serve and are acted upon with appropriate Jiohen forces ... \. J _: '... ", -.' / ..., .. VJ, '..'.-".

Another disadvantage is that the threading of the two fork sections assigned to one another. -Extremely difficult, is, even the slightest Angular deviations make such a threading impossible. In addition, it should be noted that each of the a tool articulated fork piece in the one uncoupled from the implement. State does not stand still vertically, but tilts to the side, what the mutual connection of work tools and implement boom continues to be considerably more difficult or without additional support staff makes it impossible

From DE-QS 2856 039 there is still one Coupling device has become known, by means of which different work tools from the workplace of the operator should be coupled and uncoupled. This known coupling device is, however, for Work tools suspended freely swinging are neither determined nor suitable and permitted above them In addition, when a work tool is mechanically coupled, there is no simultaneous coupling of the Supply line.

The invention is accordingly based on the object, the known coupling device of the opening to improve described genus so that the change of a work tool in terms of both the mechanical connection, as well as the connection the supply line from. The driver's seat can be removed easily and, therefore, quickly without any additional help is feasible, wherein a coupling device is to be created, by means of which an on and Uncoupling of different supply lines is possible without requiring a special design of the boom, and the coupling device is so robust that it can withstand the stresses that arise withstands a long period of operation.

As a solution to this problem, the invention provides that a guide device for centering and angularly fixing the two with one another the lockable coupling halves are present, one of which is a coupling halves in the direction of has the other coupling half protruding, cooperating with a rotating stop which can be rotated by means of a rotating device and the other coupling half with a corresponding guide opening and a counter stop is provided, and that the connecting member of the supply line is designed as a plug connection, both parts of which on the two coupling halves ω are attached, with the universal joint at (ler upper Coupling half is arranged.

Although it is basically possible to lock between the two coupling halves when coupling a work tool to be carried out by means of a separate locking device, according to a further development, the Invention provided that the two coupling halves by means of the one primarily used for centering Guide pins can be locked together. For Such a configuration is preferably provided that the guide pin is conical at a distance from it beveled free end a protruding shoulder on two opposite sides has and-for locking against the restoring force a spring limited axially by the application of pressure medium in the direction of the other coupling half movable is-unid in its advanced position is yerdrehbar by means of a rotating device in a locking position in which the shoulder on the other 'coupling half is under pressure.

The rotation stop for angularly fixing the two centered coupling halves can be designed in the most varied of ways, if only it is ensured that the two coupling halves centered with the guide pin are in the specified angular relative position to one another when the working tool is coupled, in order to ensure that each the two associated parts of a connecting member provided as plug-in connection are according to the angular setting of the two KupplungshäiJten in alignment with each other, so that they are simultaneously automatically connected with each other at ti.echanischen coupling of the work implement. A particularly expedient embodiment of the torsion stop consists in a configuration as a bolt and the counterstop as a socket adapted to the bolt, it has proven to be useful for the coupling process if several bolts and sockets arranged at a mutual distance form the rotation stop.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

The invention is further based on an exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing explained it shows

F i g. 1 a simplified and partly schematic Side view of the front part of the boom of a hydraulic excavator, used as a working tool Two-shell grapple is coupled;

F i g. 2 shows a section through the in FIG. 1 with dashed lines framed and marked with Π section in an enlarged view;

3 shows a partial plan view of the representation according to Fig. 2 in the direction of arrow III in F i g. 2 seen; and

4 shows a partial view of the coupling device containing assembly according to F i g. 2 seen in the direction of arrows IV-IV.

F i g. 1 of the drawing shows the front end in a simplified, somewhat schematic representation of the boom 1 of a working device, namely a hydraulic excavator, in a side view. The hydraulic excavator can optionally work with different working tools 2, wherein in the illustration according to Fig. 1 a two-shell gripper as a working tool? serves. Work tool 2 is about one in total with 3 designated coupling device, a generally designated 4 rotating device for rotating the upper coupling half 5 in the uncoupled state of the working tool 2 or to rotate the Working tool 2 in its coupled state about the longitudinal axis i »and one as a whole with 7 designated cardan joint articulated on the boom 1, the upper axis 8 of the cardan joint 7 in the Boom 1 and the at right angles and parallel to

upper axis 8 extending lower axis 9 of the universal joint 7 in the dashed lines framed section II is the one in Fig.2 Drawing is shown enlarged in a sectional view.

The working tools 2, which, in addition to the two-shell gripper shown in FIG. 1, are, for example, multi-shell grippers or polyp grippers, Lifting magnets, etc. can act, must each be supplied with energy from an energy source not shown in the drawing that is present on the hydraulic excavator be supplied, which in the present case is hydraulic oil - but also, for example can instead or in addition to electrical energy - to an actuating device 11 of the To supply work tool 2 with energy and thus in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the shells 12 of the two-shell gripper 2 from their closed position shown with solid lines dai into the one shown with dashed lines Bring the open position and vice versa.

To supply the actuating device 11 with Hydraulic oil from the excavator a supply line designated as a whole by 13 is provided, the part of the supply line 13 located between the energy source and the upper coupling half 5 and hereinafter referred to as the supply feed line 14 and the part of the supply line 13 leading from the lower coupling half 5 ′ to the actuating device 11 as the supply line section 16 This distinction is made because the supply line 13 is in the area of the coupling device 3 and thus on the one shown in FIG. 1 with a To interrupt the dash-dotted line indicated separation point when uncoupling the working tool 2 is when another work tool 2 is coupled

As in particular from FIG. 2 closes to the lower axis 9 of the universal joint 7 via an intermediate structure first of all the rotating device 4 and then the actual coupling device 3 at. The rotating device 4 is to be driven by a drive 18, so that the upper coupling half S or im coupled state that in Fig.2 only with his The work tool 2 shown in the upper section is to be rotated about the longitudinal axis 6

The coupling device 3 has inter alia. one to the top Coupling half 5 belonging plate 19, from which a on the side facing the working tool 2 Spacer flange 21 protrudes, the end face 22 of which faces the working tool 2 in the coupled State of a working tool 2 rests on the end face 23 of a spacer flange 24, which is fixed to a Plate 26 of the work tool 2 is connected

The coupling device 3 has a guide device which will be described in detail below for centering and angularly fixing the two coupling halves 5, 5 'when coupling one Working tool 2, whereby the entire coupling process takes place from the driver's seat of the hydraulic excavator, without the excavator operator having to leave the driver's seat. one on the upper coupling half 5 in the middle, d. H. in the area of the longitudinal axis 6, arranged guide pins 31 with deni the two coupling halves 5, 5 'at the same time in the coupled state are to be locked together, as will be described below. The guide pin 31 is above the other parts of the upper Coupling half 5 downwards. The free end portion 32 of the guide pin 31 is towards the end bevelled conically and has two opposite, flattened and parallel to each other Side surfaces 33, of which only the front side surface 33 can be seen in FIG to be described with a guide opening 48 arranged on the lower coupling half S ' for the guide pin 31 cooperates.

ίο At a distance from its free end 32, the Guide pin 31 has a shoulder 36 projecting on two opposite sides, to which a cylindrical section 34 and then an angular head section 37 connects, which is in a corresponding recess is accommodated at the lower end of a piston 38, the upper end 39 enlarged in diameter with the formation of a shoulder 41 compared to the main part of the piston 38 is, the shoulder 4i on prestressed Teüerie the 42 rests, which the entire guide pin 31 (So including the piston 38) normally in the direction of arrow 43 upwards in the plant on Abutment 44 of the upper coupling half 5 presses. The abutment 44 has a central bore 46 on which is connected to a pressure oil line, which is shown in FIG. 2 not shown for the sake of clarity is, so that the upper end face at the upper end 39 of the piston '*. 38 to apply pressure oil and against the Restoring force of the disc springs 42 is limited downwards

JO is to be moved when the working implement 2 is unlocked or should be locked.

For this purpose, the working tool 2 has on its upper side of the plate facing the coupling device 3 26 has a flange 47 (see FIG. 3) which, like the

J5 plate 26 one of the contours of the end portion 32 of the Guide bolt 31 has adapted, as it were slot-shaped guide opening 48, in which the Fühpjngsbolzen 31 with its lower free end 32 at To retract the coupling and accordingly in lock to bring management position is around in this interlocking position to actually effect a mechanical locking, the guide pin 31 can then by means of one in particular from FIG. 4 recognizable rotating device 49 are rotated by 90 °, so that the

■ * 5 lying below the cylindrical portion 34 free end portion 32 of the guide pin 31 with its shoulder 36 from FIG. 3 assumes recognizable locking position The rotating device designated as a whole by 49 device (Figure 4) has an annular flange 51, the Inner contour, two mutually opposite, parallel sides 52 as well as two running transversely thereto has curved sides 53 and the outer contour of the lower portion 54 is adapted, so that the piston 38 and thus the guide pin 31 encompassed in a form-fitting manner on its head 37 by the piston 38 Rotating the annular flange 51 about the axis 6 is to be rotated. For this purpose, the annular flange 51 has a from a corner protruding lever extension 56, the is articulated to an intermediate lever 57 which is articulated at its lower end to a curved pivot lever 58 of the again on the one hand mounted on a stationary joint 59 and on the free end of a lever attachment 61 articulated to the piston rod 62 of a piston-cylinder unit 63 is the cylinder on one fixed joint 64 is articulated

When the piston rod 62 extends the piston cylinder

linder · Unit 63 after a corresponding loading of the piston with hydraulic oil, the piston rod 62 therefore pivots the pivot lever 58 about the joint 59 and thus the Uingflansch 51 while taking the Piston 38 about the longitudinal axis 6. ^

The mode of operation of the coupling device according to the invention is essentially as follows:

Is to rt \ to the boom 1 of the hydraulic excavator angekuppeltes working tool 2 - in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 so the two-shell grippers -. Be substituted for another Arbeitswerkzjug, the excavator operator lowers the driver's seat of the auszuwechselnde working tool 2 with the hydraulically actuated Boom 1 from until it rests on the ground, in such a way that it is in a stable position in which it then remains even after uncoupling. Although the ideal position for a later re-coupling is a vertical position, e: can also be seen as ü ~. dnc position handcin in which the longitudinal axis 6 of the working tool 2 is not exactly vertical. However, this is not harmful to a coupling process, since the cardan joint 7 adapts itself effortlessly to a limited inclination of the working tool 2

The excavator operator then applies pressure oil from the driver's seat through the bore 46 to the upper end face of the piston 38, so that it counteracts the restoring force of the plate springs 42 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 is moved axially downward to a limited extent and thereby entrains the actual guide pin 31 so that whose '. shoulder 36 out of engagement with the underside of the Plate 26 of the working tool 2 comes. This axial movement of the guide pin 31 is through the greatest possible compression of the disc springs 42 automatically limited In this position, in which the Plate 26 of the working tool 2 and the plate 19 of the upper coupling half 5 still run parallel to each other, the operator also gives off Driver's seat from pressure oil on the piston-cylinder unit 63, which the annular flange 51 on the Pivoting lever 58 and the intermediate lever 57 pivoted by 90 ° so that the lower end portion 32 of the Guide pin 31 from its working position extending at right angles to the guide opening 48 or Locking position is brought into a position in which the mutually parallel side surfaces 33 of the lower end portion 32 of the guide pin 31 parallel to the straight inner surfaces 66 of the opening 58, so that the working tool 2 can therefore be uncoupled. For this purpose, the boom 1 is from Excavator operator moved upwards, the guide pin 31 from the guide opening assigned to it 48 and at the same time designed as a pin rotation stops 28 each from their as the Rotation stop 28 assigned, designed as a socket counter-stop are moved out so that remove the two spacer flanges 24 and 21 from each other.

In this uncoupling, the supply line 13 is automatically interrupted at the separation point 17 without any significant forces the two parts 65 and 65 'of the plug connection 67 are exercised, which the supply feed line 14 with the supply line section 16 in the uncoupled state connects Since the plug connection 67 is designed as a commercially available plug-in coupling is one part of which by means of an elastic bushing 68 on the upper coupling half 5 and for this purpose in the coupled state aligned other part 65 'on the lower coupling half 5' and thus on the plate 19 or the plate 26 are arranged, there are no significant constraints on the coupling and uncoupling Plug connection 67 exercised, especially since slight tolerance deviations in the relative position of each other Associated parts 65 and 65 'of a plug connection 67 are compensated for by the elastic bushings 68. The coupling of the new work tool 2 is then also carried out from the driver's seat in the opposite direction, i.e. in the opposite direction. H. the driver moves if necessary a method of the excavator the boom Il so on the newly to be coupled work tool 2 that the upper coupling half 5 is located above the lower coupling half 5 'of the new working tool 2 is located, and then lowers the boom 1 slowly to the end portion 32 of the guide pin 31 in the Guide opening 48 of the newly to be coupled

Center coupling halves 5.5 '. This can be done without Difficulties occur because the end portion 32 is tapered downwards and is can accordingly easily thread into the guide opening 48 on the lower coupling half 5 ' Guide opening 48 at the same time has a guiding effect on the guide pin 31 and brings the plates 19, 26 in mutual parallel position, so that the rotation stops designed as bolts 28 - if necessary below Rotating the upper coupling half 5 by means of the rotating device 4 - in its designed as sockets Let counterstops 29 thread in and the two coupling halves 5, 5 'of the coupling 3 accordingly in Locked position are brought. In this position, pressure is then applied to the top of the Piston 38 given to advance the guide pin 31 downwards.

Due to the guiding effect of the guiding device 31, 48, 28, 29, it can also be seen during coupling a relative position or angular definition precisely predetermined with regard to the relative rotational position between the two coupling halves 5 and 5 ', in which the connecting elements designed as plug connections 67 for connecting the supply feed line 14 to the respective supply line section 16 lie exactly opposite one another, so that these are automatically connected to each other by snapping in when the mechanical coupling he follows

The operator then only needs to move the piston-cylinder unit 63 from the driver's seat. actuate to pivot the guide pin 31 and thus its end section 2 into the locking position, and then switches off the pressure applied to the upper end of the piston 38, whereupon the Disk springs 42 ensure that the now mechanically locked working tool 2 on the Shoulder 36 with its spacer flange 24 firmly attached to spacer flange 21 of upper coupling half 5 is pressed. The coupling process is finished and the excavator operator can use the new Start work item.

It can be seen that with the coupling device according to the invention not only a simple attachment and Uncoupling from the driver's seat is easily possible, but also because of the mechanical lock ensures that there is no loosening of the hydraulic failure Work tool can come from the boom.

Rather, this is only possible when the piston 38 is provided with pressurized oil on the one hand on its upper end face is acted upon, and if, on the other hand, the annular flange 52 by actuating the piston-cylinder unit 63 is brought into the unlocked position.

It should be expressly mentioned again that not only according to the F i ~. 1 and 2, a single supply line 13 can be automatically coupled and uncoupled in the manner described if a mechanical coupling and uncoupling takes place, but that of course several supply lines 13 can also be present, as shown in principle in FIG. 4 can be seen, the supply lines also for

different energy sources can be determined so that for example, tubular pressure medium lines for hydraulic and electrical energy supplies Cables for an electrical power supply can be provided alternatively or next to one another. By keeping the plug connections 67 free from mechanical constraints when coupling and uncoupling as well while the work tasks are being carried out, a correspondingly long service life is achieved because the Occurring stresses by the guide device 31,48,28,29 as well as the engagement with each other standing end faces 22 and 23 of the spacer flanges 21 and 24 are received or transferred.

For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Coupling device for an implement, in particular a hydraulic excavator or crane, with at least two optionally on its boom by means of a cardan joint freely swinging attachable work tools such. B. different Grippers or lifting magnets that operate from the implement via a supply line are to be supplied with energy, with a connecting element for the coupling area Supply line sections leading to the energy source or to the work tool are available is, characterized in that a guide device (31,48; 28,29) for centering and angled fixing of the two coupling halves (5,5 ') which can be locked to one another is, of which one coupling half (5) one in the direction of the other coupling half (5 ') above, cooperating with a twisting flange (28) which can be rotated by means of a rotating device (4) Has guide pin (31) and the other coupling half (5 ') with a corresponding one Guide opening (48) and a counter stop (29) is provided, and that the connecting member the supply line (1 £, 16) is designed as a plug connection (67), the two parts (65, 65 ') of which are attached to the two coupling halves (5,5 '), the universal joint (7) on the upper Coupling half (5) is arranged 2. Kuppelv erection according to claim 1, characterized in that the »both" coupling halves (5, 5 ') can be locked to one another by means of the guide bolt (31). 3. Coupling device according to claim 2, characterized in that the guide pin (31) in the Distance to its conically tapered free end (32) one on two opposite one another lying sides has protruding shoulder (36) and for locking against the restoring force of a Spring (42) by applying pressure medium in the direction of the other coupling half (5'j is axially movable to a limited extent and is in its advanced position by means of a rotating device (49) can be rotated into a locking position in which the shoulder (36) on the other coupling half (5 ') is applied under pressure. 4. Coupling device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotation stop (28) is designed as a bolt and the counterstop (29) is designed as a socket. 5. Coupling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that that between the facing sides of the two coupling halves (5, 5 ') in the coupled state of the working tool (2) with at least one coupling half (5.5 ') connected, axially protruding, flange-like spacer member (21, 24) is present, the axial Length of the length of the section of the lying between the two coupling halves (5, 5 ') Plug connection (67) corresponds. 6. Coupling device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the two parts (65, 65 ') of a plug connection (67) each resiliently to one Coupling half (5.5 ') are stored. ίο The invention relates to a coupling device for an implement, in particular a hydraulic excavator or -crane, with at least two, optionally on its boom by means of a cardan joint, freely oscillating attachable work tools, such as different grippers or lifting magnets that are attached to your Actuation from the implement are to be supplied with energy via a supply line, vibei im Coupling area a connecting element for the energy source or the working tool Supply line sections are present. It is known that working equipment such as hydraulic excavators can be equipped with different working tools work, which accordingly, depending on the work tasks to be carried out, often already after relatively short work intervals against each other need to be replaced. For example, with a Hydraulic excavator first excavated earth using a conventional hydraulically operated two-shell grab and should then, for example, move larger boulders or similar in order to either move them or load them onto a truck for removal, the Two-shell gripper, for example, by a multi-shell gripper also known as a polyp gripper be replaced. A similar situation occurs, for example, when handling scrap a multi-shell gripper has to be exchanged for a lifting magnet or vice versa. When changing work tools, it is therefore necessary to have both the mechanical connection as well as the hydraulic and / or electrical supply line (s), for example, between the implement and to release the work tool, and when subsequently coupling the other work tool in turn to ensure appropriate connections, which earlier by appropriate operating personnel each was done by hand. Since such a way of working is costly and time-consuming, are Coupling devices have been developed, by means of which the coupling and uncoupling of work tools from Operator station of the implement in question can be carried out without additional operating personnel should without the operator of the implement in question having to leave his place of work. Thus, from DE-AS 28 56 556 a generic coupling device for hydraulically operated tools became known, which has a boom with a specially designed fork-shaped boom end, which with a correspondingly designed fork-shaped component at the upper end of the working tool brought into mutual engagement by threading and connected by laterally displaceable bolts is to be, wherein the fork piece located on the work tool is pivotable about a horizontal axis. which runs parallel and at right angles to the mutually aligned connecting bolts and together with these forms the universal joint. The connecting bolts used for mechanical connections are here provided with holes that represent part of the supply line and with grooves and Seals of the fork piece articulated on the work tool as well as with bores and valves cooperate in the boom. Apart from the fact that this known rocking device is fundamentally unsuitable, if there is an electrical supply line