DE102012209139A1 - Method for operating a solar system - Google Patents

Method for operating a solar system Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102012209139A1
DE102012209139A1 DE102012209139A DE102012209139A DE102012209139A1 DE 102012209139 A1 DE102012209139 A1 DE 102012209139A1 DE 102012209139 A DE102012209139 A DE 102012209139A DE 102012209139 A DE102012209139 A DE 102012209139A DE 102012209139 A1 DE102012209139 A1 DE 102012209139A1
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Prior art keywords
live steam
turbine
valve
actual value
solar system
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DE102012209139A
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German (de)
Inventor
Thomas Schaake
Stefan Morgenstern
Heinz-Hugo Bösch
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
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Priority to DE102012209139A priority Critical patent/DE102012209139A1/en
Priority to EP13166469.0A priority patent/EP2669480B1/en
Priority to US13/906,033 priority patent/US9745868B2/en
Priority to JP2013113790A priority patent/JP6242592B2/en
Priority to CN201310212000.3A priority patent/CN103452610B/en
Publication of DE102012209139A1 publication Critical patent/DE102012209139A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/04—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for specific purposes other than heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
    • F01D11/06—Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F01D19/02—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/10—Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
    • F01D25/22—Lubricating arrangements using working-fluid or other gaseous fluid as lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/20—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by combustion gases of main boiler
    • F01K3/22—Controlling, e.g. starting, stopping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F01K7/24—Control or safety means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/14—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type during the starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
    • G01F1/90—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure with positive-displacement meter or turbine meter to determine the volume flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Solaranlage, wobei die Solaranlage ein Solarfeld (1) mit Direktverdampfung unter Erzeugung von überhitztem Frischdampf, eine Turbine (2) zur Entspannung des Frischdampfs und einen von der Turbine (2) angetrieben Generator (3) zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie umfasst, wobei der Turbine (2) mindestens ein Ventil (7) zugeordnet ist, über welches die Menge des der Turbine (2) zugeleiteten Frischdampfs eingestellt wird, wobei das oder jedes Ventil (7), über welches die Menge des der Turbine (7) zugeleiteten Frischdampfs eingestellt wird, derart geregelt wird, dass ein Istwert eines sich stromaufwärts der Turbine (2) einstellenden Frischdampfdrucks einem Sollwert folgt, der abhängig von einer Frischdampftemperatur des Frischdampfs stromaufwärts der Turbine ermittelt wird.Method for operating a solar system, wherein the solar system comprises a solar field (1) with direct evaporation generating superheated live steam, a turbine (2) for relaxing the live steam and a generator (3) driven by the turbine (2) for generating electrical energy, wherein the turbine (2) is associated with at least one valve (7) via which the quantity of live steam supplied to the turbine (2) is adjusted, the or each valve (7) via which the quantity of the turbine (7) is directed Main steam is adjusted, is regulated such that an actual value of upstream of the turbine (2) adjusting live steam pressure follows a target value, which is determined depending on a live steam temperature of the live steam upstream of the turbine.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Solaranlage nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for operating a solar system according to the preamble of claim 1.

In einer Solaranlage wird aus Solarenergie elektrische Energie erzeugt. Hierzu wird in einem Solarfeld der Solaranlage ein Arbeitsmedium, insbesondere Wasser, verdampft und das verdampfte Arbeitsmedium einer Turbine zugeführt. In der Turbine wird das Arbeitsmedium entspannt und hierbei gewonnene Energie zum Antreiben eines Generators der Solaranlage genutzt, wobei der Generator elektrische Energie erzeugt. Der in dem Solarfeld erzeugte Dampf des Arbeitsmediums, welcher der Turbine zugeführt wird, wird auch als Frischdampf bezeichnet.In a solar system, solar energy is generated from solar energy. For this purpose, a working medium, in particular water, is evaporated in a solar field of the solar system and the vaporized working medium is fed to a turbine. In the turbine, the working fluid is expanded and used this energy used to drive a generator of the solar system, the generator generates electrical energy. The generated in the solar field steam of the working medium, which is supplied to the turbine is also referred to as live steam.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Solaranlage, deren Solarfeld nach dem Prinzip der Direktverdampfung arbeitet, bei welchem also das Arbeitsmedium in einem Kreislauf für dasselbe einerseits im Solarfeld verdampft und andererseits in der Turbine entspannt wird.The present invention relates to a method for operating such a solar system whose solar field operates on the principle of direct evaporation, in which therefore the working medium is evaporated in a circuit for the same one hand in the solar field and on the other hand relaxed in the turbine.

Dann, wenn eine Solaranlage zum Beispiel infolge einer Beschattung des Solarfelds der Solaranlage nicht in Volllast sondern nur in Teillast betrieben werden kann, ist bislang ein wirkungsgradoptimierter Betrieb der Solaranlage nicht möglich.Then, if a solar system, for example, as a result of shading of the solar field of the solar system can not be operated at full load but only at partial load, so far an efficiency-optimized operation of the solar system is not possible.

Es besteht Bedarf an einer Solaranlage, die sowohl unter Volllast als auch unter Teillast wirkungsgradoptimal betrieben werden kann.There is a need for a solar system that can be operated with optimum efficiency both under full load and under partial load.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein neuartiges Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Solaranlage zu schaffen.On this basis, the present invention has the object to provide a novel method for operating a solar system.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Solaranlage nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß wird das oder jedes Ventil, über welches die Menge des der Turbine zugeleiteten Frischdampfs eingestellt wird, derart geregelt, dass ein Istwert eines sich stromaufwärts der Turbine einstellenden Frischdampfdrucks einem Sollwert folgt, der abhängig von einer Frischdampftemperatur des Frischdampfs stromaufwärts der Turbine ermittelt wird.This object is achieved by a method for operating a solar system according to claim 1. According to the invention, the or each valve, via which the quantity of steam supplied to the turbine is adjusted, is regulated such that an actual value of a steam pressure adjusting upstream of the turbine follows a desired value which is determined as a function of a live steam temperature of the live steam upstream of the turbine.

Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung wird erstmals vorgeschlagen, das oder jedes Ventil, über welches die Menge des der Turbine zugeleiteten Frischdampfs eingestellt wird, derart zu regeln, dass ein Istwert des sich stromaufwärts der Turbine einstellenden Frischdampfdrucks dem entsprechenden Sollwert folgt, wobei dieser Sollwert abhängig von dem Istwert der Frischdampftemperatur stromaufwärts der Turbine ermittelt wird. Hiermit ist dann auch unter Teillast ein wirkungsoptimaler Betrieb der Solaranlage möglich.With the present invention, it is proposed for the first time to regulate the or each valve via which the quantity of live steam supplied to the turbine is adjusted such that an actual value of the live steam pressure adjusting upstream of the turbine follows the corresponding desired value, this setpoint depending on the Actual value of the live steam temperature upstream of the turbine is determined. This is then under partial load an optimal operation of the solar system possible.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird hierzu die Frischdampftemperatur mit Hilfe eines Sensors gemessen und der entsprechende Istwert einem Regler bereitgestellt, wobei der Regler abhängig von dem Istwert der Frischdampftemperatur einen Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck erzeugt und abhängig vom Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck eine Stellgröße für das oder jedes Ventil derart ermittelt, dass der Istwert des Frischdampfdrucks dem Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck folgt. Ein solcher Betrieb der Solaranlage mit Hilfe des Reglers erlaubt einen besonders einfachen und bevorzugten, wirkungsgradoptimalen Betrieb einer Solaranlage.According to an advantageous development of this, the live steam temperature is measured by means of a sensor and the corresponding actual value provided to a controller, the controller depending on the actual value of the live steam temperature generates a setpoint for the live steam pressure and depending on the setpoint for the live steam pressure a manipulated variable for the or each valve determined such that the actual value of the live steam pressure follows the setpoint for the live steam pressure. Such operation of the solar system by means of the controller allows a particularly simple and preferred, efficiency-optimal operation of a solar system.

Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung einen Regler einer Solaranlage mit Mitteln zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.Furthermore, the invention relates to a controller of a solar system with means for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. Showing:

1: einen Ausschnitt aus einer Solaranlage; und 1 : a detail of a solar system; and

2: ein Diagramm zur Verdeutlichung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer Solaranlage. 2 : a diagram to illustrate the method according to the invention for operating a solar system.

1 zeigt einen schematisierten Ausschnitt aus einer Solaranlage, die ein Solarfeld 1, eine Turbine 2 und einen Generator 3 umfasst. Im Solarfeld 1 der Solaranlage wird ein Arbeitsmedium, insbesondere Wasser, verdampft, wobei in dem Solarfeld 1 erzeugter Frischdampf zur Entspannung der Turbine 2 zugeführt wird. Bei der Entspannung des Frischdampfs in der Turbine 2 wird Energie gewonnen, über die der Generator 3 zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie angetrieben werden kann. 1 shows a schematic section of a solar system, a solar field 1 , a turbine 2 and a generator 3 includes. In the solar field 1 the solar system is a working medium, especially water, evaporated, being in the solar field 1 generated live steam to relax the turbine 2 is supplied. When relaxing the live steam in the turbine 2 Energy is gained over which the generator 3 can be driven to generate electrical energy.

Das Solarfeld 1 der Solaranlage umfasst im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel einen Vorwärmer 4, einen Verdampfer 5 und einen Überhitzer 6. Im Vorwärmer 4 wird das Arbeitsmedium auf eine Verdampfungstemperatur vorgewärmt. Im Verdampfer 5 erfolgt die eigentliche Verdampfung des Arbeitsmediums. Im Überhitzer 6 wird der Dampf überhitzt, wobei der Überhitzer 6 den Frischdampf bereitstellt, welcher anschließend der Turbine 2 zur Entspannung desselben zugeführt wird.The solar field 1 the solar system comprises in the illustrated embodiment, a preheater 4 , an evaporator 5 and a superheater 6 , In the preheater 4 the working fluid is preheated to an evaporation temperature. In the evaporator 5 the actual evaporation of the working medium takes place. In the superheater 6 the steam is overheated, with the superheater 6 provides the live steam, which subsequently the turbine 2 for relaxation of the same is supplied.

Die Menge des der Turbine 2 zur Entspannung zuzuführenden Frischdampfs ist mit Hilfe mindestens eines Ventils 7 einstellbar. Das oder jedes Ventil 7 kann integraler Bestandteil der Turbine 2 sein.The amount of the turbine 2 For the purpose of relaxation to be supplied live steam is using at least one valve 7 adjustable. The or each valve 7 can be integral part of the turbine 2 be.

Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung wird zum Betreiben der Solaranlage das oder jedes Ventil 7, über welches die Menge des der Turbine 2 zugeleiteten Frischdampfs eingestellt wird, derart geregelt, dass ein Istwert pIST eines sich stromaufwärts der Turbine 2 einstellenden Frischdampfdrucks p einem entsprechenden Sollwert pSOLL folgt, der abhängig von einem Istwert TIST einer Frischdampftemperatur T des Frischdampfs stromaufwärts der Turbine 2 ermittelt wird.For the purposes of the present invention, the or each valve is to operate the solar system 7 , about which the amount of the turbine 2 regulated actual steam is adjusted so regulated that an actual value p IST is an upstream of the turbine 2 adjusting live steam pressure p follows a corresponding desired value p SOLL , which depends on an actual value T IST a live steam temperature T of the live steam upstream of the turbine 2 is determined.

Vorzugsweise wird das oder jedes Ventil 7 derart geregelt, dass der Istwert pIST des sich unmittelbar stromaufwärts des oder jedes Ventils 7 einstellenden Frischdampfdrucks p dem entsprechenden Sollwert pSOLL folgt, der, wie bereits erwähnt, abhängig von dem Istwert TIST der Frischdampftemperatur des Frischdampfs unmittelbar stromaufwärts des oder jedes Ventils 7 ermittelt wird.Preferably, the or each valve 7 controlled such that the actual value p IST of the immediately upstream of the or each valve 7 The actual steam pressure p follows the corresponding desired value p SOLL , which, as already mentioned, depends on the actual value T IST of the live steam temperature of the live steam immediately upstream of the or each valve 7 is determined.

Zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dient ein Regler 8. Dem Regler 8 wird der Istwert TIST der Frischtemperatur stromaufwärts der Turbine 2 bzw. stromaufwärts des oder jedes Ventils 7 bereitgestellt, wobei dieser Istwert TIST der Frischdampftemperatur mit Hilfe eines Sensors 9 ermittelt wird. Abhängig von diesem Istwert der Frischtemperatur ermittelt der Regler 8 einen Sollwert pSOLL für den Frischdampfdruck des Frischdampfs stromaufwärts der Turbine 2 bzw. stromaufwärts des oder jedes Ventils 7, wobei der Regler 8 abhängig von diesem Sollwert pSOLL für den Frischdampfdruck eine Stellgröße X für das oder jedes Ventil 7 derart ermittelt, dass der Istwert pIST des Frischdampfdrucks dem Sollwert pSOLL für den Frischdampfdruck folgt.For carrying out the method according to the invention, a controller is used 8th , The regulator 8th the actual value T actual is the refresh temperature upstream of the turbine 2 or upstream of the or each valve 7 provided, this actual value T IST of the live steam temperature by means of a sensor 9 is determined. Depending on this actual value of the refresh temperature, the controller determines 8th a setpoint p SOLL for the live steam pressure of the live steam upstream of the turbine 2 or upstream of the or each valve 7 , where the regulator 8th depending on this setpoint p SOLL for the live steam pressure a manipulated variable X for the or each valve 7 determined such that the actual value of p is of the steam pressure to the desired value SOLL for the p steam pressure follows.

Die Ermittlung des Sollwerts pSOLL für den Frischdampfdruck abhängig von der Ist-Temperatur TIST der Frischdampftemperatur im Regler 8 erfolgt vorzugsweise mit Hilfe einer Kennlinie 7, wobei 2 eine exemplarische Kennlinie 11 zeigt, die der Ermittlung des Sollwerts pSOLL für den Frischdampfdruck abhängig vom Istwert TIST der Frischdampftemperatur dient.The determination of the setpoint value p SOLL for the live steam pressure as a function of the actual temperature T IST of the live steam temperature in the controller 8th preferably takes place with the aid of a characteristic curve 7 , in which 2 an exemplary characteristic 11 shows that the determination of the setpoint value p SOLL for the live steam pressure is dependent on the actual value T IST of the live steam temperature.

Bei der Kennlinie der 2 wird bei einer Ist-Frischdampftemperatur TIST von in etwa 310°C ein Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck pSOLL von in etwa 30 bar ermittelt. Bei einer Temperatur TIST des Frischdampfs von in etwa 280°C wird ein Sollwert pSOLL für den Frischdampfdruck von in etwa 19,5 bar erzeugt.In the characteristic of the 2 is determined, a desired value for the steam pressure p SOLL of about 30 bar at an actual live steam temperature T of about 310 ° C. At a temperature T IST of the live steam of approximately 280 ° C., a desired value p SOLL for the live steam pressure of approximately 19.5 bar is generated.

Wie bereits erwähnt, ermittelt der Regler 8 abhängig von dem Sollwert pSOLL für den Frischdampfdruck die Stellgröße X für das oder jedes Ventil 7, sodass der Istwert pIST des Frischdampfdrucks dem Sollwert pSOLL des Frischdampfdrucks folgt, wobei hierzu vorzugsweise die Stellgröße X abhängig von einer Regelabweichung zwischen dem Sollwert pSOLL des Frischdampfdrucks und dem Istwert pIST des Frischdampfdrucks erzeugt wird, wobei gemäß 1 der Istwert pIST des Frischdampfdrucks mit Hilfe eines Sensors 10 ermittelt und dem Regler 8 bereitgestellt wird. As already mentioned, the controller determines 8th dependent on the setpoint p SET for the live steam pressure, the manipulated variable X for the or each valve 7 So that the actual value p of the live steam pressure IST the target value P soll of the main steam pressure follows, for which purpose, preferably, the control value X depending on a deviation between the target value P soll of the live steam pressure and the actual value of p is of the live steam pressure is generated, in accordance with 1 the actual value p actual of the live steam pressure with the aid of a sensor 10 determined and the controller 8th provided.

Mit Hilfe der Erfindung ist es möglich, eine Solaranlage sowohl unter Volllast als auch unter Teillast wirkungsgradoptimal zu betreiben. So kann insbesondere dann, wenn infolge einer Beschattung des Solarfelds 1 in demselben weniger Frischdampf erzeugt wird, die Turbine 2 wirkungsgradoptimal betrieben werden, um ein Maximum an elektrischer Energie über den Generator 3 zu erzeugen. Die Erfindung ermöglicht einen Betrieb der Solaranlage mit einer optimalen Kombination aus der zur Verfügung stehenden Menge an Frischdampf, aus dem zur Verfügung stehenden Enthalpiegefälle und einer Belastung der einzelnen Baugruppen der Solaranlage.With the help of the invention, it is possible to operate a solar system efficiency optimal both under full load and under partial load. Thus, in particular, if due to a shading of the solar field 1 in the same less live steam is generated, the turbine 2 efficiency optimized to maximize electrical energy through the generator 3 to create. The invention enables operation of the solar system with an optimal combination of the available amount of live steam, from the available enthalpy gradient and a load on the individual modules of the solar system.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Solarfeld solar field
22
Turbine turbine
33
Generator generator
44
Vorwärmer preheater
55
Verdampfer Evaporator
66
Überhitzer superheater
77
Ventil Valve
88th
Regler regulator
99
Sensor sensor
1010
Sensor sensor
1111
Kennlinie curve

Claims (6)

Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Solaranlage, wobei die Solaranlage ein Solarfeld (1) mit Direktverdampfung unter Erzeugung von überhitztem Frischdampf, eine Turbine (2) zur Entspannung des Frischdampfs und einen von der Turbine (2) angetrieben Generator (3) zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie umfasst, wobei der Turbine (2) mindestens ein Ventil (7) zugeordnet ist, über welches die Menge des der Turbine (2) zugeleiteten Frischdampfs eingestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oder jedes Ventil (7), über welches die Menge des der Turbine (2) zugeleiteten Frischdampfs eingestellt wird, derart geregelt wird, dass ein Istwert eines sich stromaufwärts der Turbine (2) einstellenden Frischdampfdrucks einem Sollwert folgt, der abhängig von einer Frischdampftemperatur des Frischdampfs stromaufwärts der Turbine ermittelt wird.Method for operating a solar system, wherein the solar system is a solar field ( 1 ) with direct evaporation to produce superheated live steam, a turbine ( 2 ) for relaxing the live steam and one from the turbine ( 2 ) powered generator ( 3 ) for generating electrical energy, wherein the turbine ( 2 ) at least one valve ( 7 ) is assigned, via which the amount of the turbine ( 2 ) supplied fresh steam, characterized in that the or each valve ( 7 ), over which the quantity of the turbine ( 2 ) is adjusted so regulated, that an actual value of an upstream of the turbine ( 2 ) is followed by a setpoint which is determined as a function of a live steam temperature of the live steam upstream of the turbine. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oder jedes Ventil (7), über welches die Menge des der Turbine (2) zugeleiteten Frischdampfs eingestellt wird, derart geregelt wird, dass ein Istwert eines sich stromaufwärts des oder jedes Ventils (7) einstellenden Frischdampfdrucks einem Sollwert folgt, der abhängig von einer Frischdampftemperatur des Frischdampfs stromaufwärts des oder jedes Ventils (7) ermittelt wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the or each valve ( 7 ), over which the quantity of the turbine ( 2 ) is adjusted so that an actual value of an upstream of the or each valve ( 7 ) is followed by a setpoint which depends on a live steam temperature of the live steam upstream of the or each valve ( 7 ) is determined. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass hierzu ein Istwert der Frischdampftemperatur mit Hilfe eines Sensors (9) gemessen und der entsprechende Istwert einem Regler (8) bereitgestellt wird, wobei der Regler (8) abhängig von dem Istwert der Frischdampftemperatur einen Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck erzeugt und abhängig vom Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck eine Stellgröße für das oder jedes Ventil (7) derart ermittelt, dass der Istwert des Frischdampfdrucks dem Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck folgt. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for this purpose an actual value of the live steam temperature by means of a sensor ( 9 ) and the corresponding actual value is sent to a controller ( 8th ), the controller ( 8th ) generates a setpoint value for the live steam pressure as a function of the actual value of the live steam temperature and, depending on the setpoint value for the live steam pressure, a control variable for the or each valve ( 7 ) determined such that the actual value of the live steam pressure follows the setpoint for the live steam pressure. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler (8) die Stellgröße für das oder jedes Ventil (7) abhängig von einer Regelabweichung zwischen einem von einem Sensor (10) erfassten und dem Regler (8) bereitgestellten Istwert des Frischdampfdrucks und dem Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck ermittelt.Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the controller ( 8th ) the manipulated variable for the or each valve ( 7 ) depending on a control deviation between one of a sensor ( 10 ) and the controller ( 8th ) provided actual value of the live steam pressure and the setpoint for the live steam pressure. Verfahren nach Anspruch einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sollwert für den Frischdampfdruck abhängig von dem Istwert der Frischdampftemperatur über eine Kennlinie (11) ermittelt wird.Method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the desired value for the live steam pressure depends on the actual value of the live steam temperature via a characteristic curve ( 11 ) is determined. Regler (8) einer Solaranlage mit Mitteln zur Druckführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5.Controller ( 8th ) a solar system with means for pressure control of the method according to one of claims 1 to 5.
DE102012209139A 2012-05-31 2012-05-31 Method for operating a solar system Withdrawn DE102012209139A1 (en)

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US13/906,033 US9745868B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2013-05-30 Method for operating a solar installation
JP2013113790A JP6242592B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2013-05-30 Method for operating a solar installation
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