DE102012011042A1 - System for providing hot water from central water heating device or hot water storage unit, has thermal switch or thermal valve differentiatingly worked more than two water temperature regions so as to properly guide water flows - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a container (5) arranged in a hot water outlet and provided with a hot water reservoir (20), a thermal switch or thermal valve (7) or a sensor and valves. A line section (1) is arranged between the container and a central water heating device or a hot water storage unit (14). A requirement sensor (18) e.g. flow sensor or pressure sensor, detects water extraction. The thermal switch or thermal valve is differentiatingly worked more than two water temperature regions so as to properly guide water flows.

Description

Technical area and State of the art

From the European patent 1517097 is a system for energy-saving hot water distribution known, acc. a container is preferably arranged in the vicinity of a hot water tap, which has a hot and a cold water reservoir and is preferably insulated against heat loss, at least its hot water reservoir. Furthermore, the system has a first line section between the heating system, which is used for water heating and possibly storage, and the above-mentioned container, and a second line section. The second line section is arranged between the container and the first line section, wherein the connection between the first and second line section is preferably arranged as close as possible behind the heating system as a hot water supply system. The hot water reservoir of the container is filled with the help of a thermo valve in the first line section exclusively with warm water. Furthermore, a pump is still arranged in the system. The hot water reservoir should store as much warm water as it corresponds to the first line section. In the initial position, the hot water reservoir is filled with warm water and the two line sections are cold. Taking now hot water, this is taken from the hot water reservoir and hot water flows from the hot water storage / water heater of the heating system in the first line section. It thus comes first cold water to the thermo valve, which gem. its operation, this cold water passes into the cold water reservoir of the container. When the warm water reaches the thermo valve, it is directed into the hot water reservoir of the tank. In practice, it has been shown that the first surge of the water flowing through the first line section is strongly cooled by the conduit of the first line section. As a result, an amount of water arrives at the thermo valve, which is neither really cold nor really warm. If the thermal valve is controlled so that it directs this amount of water in the cold water reservoir of the container, the amount of heat energy contained therein is lost because it can not be used. However, if the thermal valve is controlled so that it conducts this amount of water in the hot water reservoir of the container, it cools down the water temperature within the hot water reservoir. The result would be a reduction in the temperature of the warm water in the hot water reservoir, or, as a result, possibly temperature fluctuations in the form of temperature reductions at the extraction point. A similar effect would have been that neither really warm, nor really cold water would not get through the hot water reservoir of the container to the sampling point, but passed directly towards the sampling point. The temperature reduction would be shorter in duration, but the temperature reduction for it all the clearer. If, in a later step, the warm water, which in the meantime is in the first line section, is conveyed into the hot water reservoir of the container, this is done by pumping cold water through the connection between the first and second line sections into the first line section. Also by this process again only a lukewarm amount of water, because the first surge of the transported in the first line section of cold water is heated by the still warm pipe of the first line section and the conduit cooled accordingly. As a result of this process, the greater part of the heat energy previously released to the line of the first line section is removed from it again. Also, this amount of water can be passed using the thermo valve in the cold water reservoir or the hot water reservoir of the container. When conducted into the cold water reservoir, the heat energy recovered from the conduit of the first conduit section may be readily dissipated. EP 1517097 but again not used. When it is led into the hot water reservoir of the container, however, its hot water temperature drops. If, during or shortly before a heater has heated the hot water temperature within the hot water reservoir of the container to the desired temperature, hot water is to be removed at the sampling point, the temperature of this water is lower than desired. In these embodiments, a certain amount of water is called a "transitional amount of water". This means the amount of water that is cooled by the cold pipe or heated by the warm pipe in the line content change of the first line section of cold to warm water and vice versa. The temperature of this amount of water gradually increases as it flows through or gradually decreases, is therefore on average about lukewarm. With respective management of these lukewarm transitional water amounts in the cold water reservoir of the container in accordance with a construction. EP 1517097 In addition, the problem of a significant deficit in the filling of the hot water reservoir of the container. This deficit affects in the following removal, or one of the following withdrawals, so that not enough warm water is stored in the hot water reservoir of the container to provide enough warm water to the after flowing warm water from the central hot water storage or Water heater, in EP 1517097 for the sake of simplicity called "heating", has passed over the first line section to the container or to the removal point. The consequence is possibly an interruption of the hot water flow at the sampling point. After several small withdrawals, the hot water reservoir of the container is possibly even completely emptied, with simultaneous cold water in the first line section.

Presentation of the invention

It was therefore the object of the invention to provide an improved system for the preferably permanently rapid provision of water heated by means of a central water heating device or hot water storage system to at least one removal point, which is known from the known applications EP 1517097 and EP 12159873.4 and does not have problems resulting from the otherwise known prior art.

If you choose the hot water temperature in the hot water reservoir of the container slightly higher than needed at the sampling point, then you can under this slightly too warm water in the hot water reservoir of the container, the lukewarm transition water, which was as described above in the first line section brought to its lukewarm temperature, mix. As a result, you have warm water with enough for the sampling temperature. It is also possible to install a thermostatic mixer behind the outlet of the hot water reservoir in the direction of the extraction point. This is set to the desired temperature of the sampling point. Its hot water inlet is supplied from the hot water reservoir of the container, its cold water inlet from the cold water reservoir of the container. This thermostatic mixer thus ensures a uniform temperature of flowing to the sampling hot water. If the temperature in the hot water reservoir of the container is higher than the set temperature of the thermostatic mixer, cold water is added from the cold water reservoir. A heat transfer from the hot water reservoir of the container into its cold water reservoir, which possibly takes place over a relatively long period of time, possibly leads to a slow heating of the water in the cold water reservoir. The addition of water from the cold water reservoir at the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer, this heat energy is used and is therefore not lost. The warmer the water at the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer, the less warm water is needed at the hot water inlet of the thermostatic mixer to reach the set temperature. A preferred embodiment regulates the hot water temperature in the hot water reservoir of the container 5 according to the level and temperature of the cold water reservoir of the container 5 with the help of the heating element, taking into account the minimum temperature of the hot water reservoir of the container 5 , If the temperature in the cold water reservoir rises due to waste heat from the hot water reservoir of the container 5 , so the temperature of the hot water reservoir is increased. Thus, more water is requested from the cold water reservoir at a hot water extraction at the extraction point by the thermostatic mixer and the heat energy contained therein used optimally. Because less warm water is removed from the hot water reservoir. On the other hand, when the temperature of the water in the cold water reservoir of the container 5 more and more, less warm water from the hot water reservoir added. Accordingly, this then again not need to be quite as warm as before. In a particularly preferred embodiment of a system according to the invention it is also possible via the electronic control unit, the, preferably maximum possible, buffer amount flexible depending on the water temperatures in the cold and hot water reservoir of the container 5 to regulate / steer. Conversely, when the maximum possible amount of buffer has just not been exceeded, the temperature of the hot water reservoir of the container 5 be suitably controlled, taking into account the temperature in the cold water reservoir of the container 5 , The water in the cold water reservoir should not be warmer than the set temperature of the thermostatic mixer, otherwise water reaches the sampling point, which is warmer than the set temperature of the thermostatic mixer. According to timely, the further heating of the hot water reservoir of the container 5 stopped. As a thermostatic mixer to offer conventional thermostatic elements, as z. B. in thermostatically controlled showers should keep the set temperature as constant as possible. With this arrangement, a scalding protection can also be ensured. If the water in the hot water reservoir of the container is hotter than the temperature set on the thermostatic mixer, it is "remixed" by adding a corresponding amount of cold water from the cold water reservoir of the container to the temperature set on the thermostatic mixer. It does not matter whether the cause of the too hot water is the water stored in the hot water reservoir of the container itself, or whether too hot water from the central water heater or hot water storage via the first line section and the thermal valve enters the hot water reservoir of the container. Another way to make meaningful use of the lukewarm water during the two transitional phases mentioned above is to use a thermostatic mixer, a slightly different direction of the water behind the Thermo valve. As soon as the water arriving at the thermo valve is no longer cold, but starts to become lukewarm, it is directed at the hot water outlet of the thermo valve to the hot water reservoir of the thermostatic mixer as well as to the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer as an additional connection to connect the cold water reservoir of the container to the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer thermostatic mixer. As long as this water does not yet have the temperature set at the thermostatic mixer during removal at the extraction point, it thus flows both into the hot water reservoir of the container, and to the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer. The warmer this water gets, the more it flows to the thermostatic mixer and correspondingly less into the hot water reservoir of the container. As the temperature at the cold water inlet increases, the thermostatic mixer opens it more and more and closes the hot water inlet to the same extent. As soon as the incoming water has the right temperature, ie the same temperature or warmer as the thermostatic mixer is set, the warm water flows completely from the first line section via the hot water outlet of the thermostatic valve to the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer and from there in the direction of extraction point. Through these processes less lukewarm water enters the hot water reservoir of the container; its cooling is thus lower. The lukewarm water of the second transitional phase, after the warm water in the first line section was thus transported by flowing after cold water towards the container, but in this arrangement again completely in the hot water reservoir of the container. A higher set temperature of the water of the hot water reservoir of the container is also advantageous in this case, since the water temperature of the hot water reservoir of the container can thus reach at least the set temperature of the thermostatic mixer even after the addition of lukewarm water. Thus, a particularly uniform temperature at the sampling point is guaranteed again at any time. Under the file number EP 12159873.4 is a developed system with containers with hot water reservoir, a water heater or hot water storage, a first and second line section and a pump, the hot water reservoir is filled via a thermo valve with warm water and, inter alia, after repeated hot water withdrawal the hot water reservoir still sufficiently warm water can be removed. With a special type of thermal valve, which forwards the incoming water from the first line section, depending on its temperature, "cold", "lukewarm" or "warm", through three independent outlets / connections, in combination with a thermostatic mixer, the aforementioned Characteristics come together for use, both in a system gem. EP 1215973.4 , as well as gem. EP 1517097 , The warm or even hot water enters the hot water reservoir of the tank or directly to the hot water inlet of the thermostatic mixer. As a result, a scalding protection is provided in conjunction with the thermostatic mixer. Again, regardless of whether the source of hot water is the hot water reservoir of the container itself, or whether too hot water from the first line section passes to the thermo valve. The lukewarm water is directed to the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer and to the hot water reservoir of the container. Thereby, when the water temperature of the hot water reservoir of the container is higher than the set temperature of the thermostatic mixer, part of the lukewarm water is used directly to mix properly tempered water at the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer. Accordingly less lukewarm water enters the hot water reservoir of the container. In all imaginable arrangements of the systems in which lukewarm water is passed into the hot water reservoir of the container, a kind of collecting chamber within the hot water reservoir of the container is conceivable and also advantageous. It can be temporarily stored there to the desired temperature level of the hot water reservoir. So it does not come to spontaneous unwanted mixing of lukewarm and warm or hot water. The hot water reservoir of the container can thus basically be operated at a slightly lower temperature level. Of course, in all arrangements with the aid of suitable valves, the flow direction of the water flows must optionally be additionally controlled.

From the registration EP 1215973.4 also arrangements with separate reservoirs for lukewarm water are shown, either upstream of the hot water reservoir or arranged completely separate. These are filled by means of thermo valves with two, for cold or warmer, or even three outputs, for cold, lukewarm and warm. especially the 11 and 12 out EP 1215973.4 be mentioned here. Exactly such or similar arrangements with separate reservoirs are advantageously applicable to arrangements of a system according to the invention by means of a thermostatic mixer.

By the terms "thermal valve" and "thermowire", all mention in this patent application always means a device which, depending on the temperature of the incoming water, forwards this incoming water to / from different lines / channels. It is the same with both terms meant. It may be a mechanically or hydraulically or electrically / electronically operating device, or consist of a combination of mechanically or hydraulically or electrically / electronically operating devices. The thermowire / thermal valve can be controlled within the thermowire / thermal valve or controlled by an external controller. Each Thermoweiche / thermo valve has at least two outputs for different tempered water. In some arrangements acc. However, the systems according to the invention are also advantageous or absolutely necessary for thermowires / thermo-valves which have at least three outlets for differently tempered water. There are therefore arrangements of a system according to the invention are possible in which there are not only two reservoirs for cold and warm, but even more reservoirs or within the reservoir mounted "intermediate chambers", each for different tempered water quantities or amounts of water with different purposes or to different Time points are used.

"Dreiwegethermoventile" (three outputs: cold, lukewarm, warm) can be used in a system according to the invention in both systems. EP 1215973.4 , as well as in systems gem. EP 1517097 can be advantageously used without the use of a thermostatic mixer. In this case, the cold water is led into the cold water reservoir and the lukewarm water in the hot water reservoir of the container. If properly tempered warm water arrives at the thermo valve, this is forwarded directly to the sampling point. In this case, the temperature of the hot water reservoir of the container should preferably correspond to the hot water temperature of the central water heater or hot water storage. In such an arrangement, a kind of collecting chamber for / in the hot water reservoir is particularly advantageous. There, the lukewarm water can be heated to the temperature of the hot water reservoir, or adjust these two amounts of water temperature wise before it is forwarded to the actual hot water reservoir of the container. It is also advantageous in this arrangement, in turn, when the sufficiently warm water is not passed directly to the hot water tap, but, bypassing the collecting chamber / intermediate chamber for the lukewarm water, directly into the actual hot water reservoir. This leads to less temperature fluctuations.

Turning to the above options in systems gem. EP1517097 so that the lukewarm water, which is created by the transition phases, then completely to supply the sampling point with warm water can be used, so it can also with systems gem. EP 1517097 a repeated and complete supply to the extraction point with warm water can be ensured. However, the prerequisite for this is the use of heating elements. The cold water of the second transition phase almost completely drains the amount of heat energy that the warm water of the first transitional phase has given to the pipeline of the first line section to this pipeline. Only those parts of the amount of energy released from the pipeline to the environment are missing these transient quantities. These transitional phases produce a larger amount, but only lukewarm water. If this temperature deficit can be compensated, z. B. by a sufficiently rapid heating to the desired removal temperature, or only a small amount of warming combined with, from the removal point requested hot water amount of the hot water reservoir of the container reducing, admixture of the discharge point is not yet sufficiently warm water. These modes of action can basically acc. EP 1517097 and EP 1215973.4 used and used meaningfully.

The container with hot water reservoir of the systems gem. EP 1517097 In addition, in addition to their function of energy-saving hot water supply, they can preferably also be used for sterilization and disinfection of the drinking water. In this case, the germs by means of all known methods, eg. As UV-C light, thermally or chemically, are combated. Thus, the devices for sterilization can be installed so that the hot water reservoir, or the hot water and the cold water reservoir, or the cold water reservoir actively sterilized by separate or a common device, or disinfected. A preferred embodiment with a common device would be z. B. that a UV-C germicidal lamp is guided as a tube from one end of the container through the hot water reservoir, the piston and the cold water reservoir to the other end of the container. Thus, both reservoirs can be sterilized and the lamp in the tube to the container lids can be easily accessible. The piston may even clean the tube by its movement, or keep it clean. The waste heat of the lamp can, with a favorable arrangement of the lamp, be used as heat into the hot water reservoir. If you direct the flowing water through the respective chamber, so this can be sterilized on the way to the sampling point, so that other somewhere in the front arranged water system, such. As central hot water storage, public network, distribution stations, first line section, etc., resulting germs are fought on the way to the sampling point. Preferably, in the construction of the container such materials should be used, which are already antiseptic in itself, for. B. copper. If you order a sterilization device, alternatively to the sterilization device in the / the reservoir (s) or as an additional second sterilization device, behind the output of the container and the attachments arranged thereon, for. As the mixer, so not all water streams must be passed through the reservoirs of the container to be sterilized on the way to the sampling point / to the sampling points. In the attachments evt. Emerging germs can then be made harmless in the flow to the sampling point. In principle, with a suitable arrangement, a sterilization device on or at the container offers the possibility of sterilizing also the cold water on the way to and just before the cold water removal point. UV-C lamps are particularly suitable for this. For example, two quartz glass tubes, one as cold water and one as hot water pipe, can be led through a container, which is flooded with sufficiently strong UV-C light. Such a container, preferably with reflective inner walls, helps to concentrate the UV-C radiation on the quartz glass tubes and also protects humans from the harmful UV-C radiation. Unlike normal glass, suitable quartz glass allows almost complete UV-C radiation. If sensors are arranged, it is sufficient if necessary to start the sterilization with the onset of water flow. The chemical disinfection is also suitable for the cold and hot water pipes, so also for the short distance from the place of installation of the container to the sampling points. The sterilization of cold water is becoming more and more important as problems increasingly arise in this area as well. One reason seems to be the increasingly good thermal insulation of the building, as more and more heat remains within the building and the cold water pipes so possibly, for. B. by waste heat not far away warm lines, at times can reach temperatures of about 25 ° C, which in turn supports the Legionellenvermehrung.

The thermal disinfection with the help of high water temperatures, z. B. over 70 ° C for more than three minutes, of course, is particularly suitable for hot water pipes and circulation pipes. In systems according to the invention. EP 1517097 and EP 12159873.4 are the hot water pipes, the so-called first line sections, most of the time either cold (<25 ° C) or really warm. Lukewarm temperature ranges occur with correct temperature choice system-related in the lines practically not. Thus, these lines do not promote the Legionellenvermehrung. The circulation lines, the so-called second line sections, are usually always cold due to the system; these also do not promote the Legionellenvermehrung. In the system according to the invention, it is possible to thermally disinfect the hot water pipe, the circulation pipe and also the small piece of pipe between the container and the extraction point in a targeted, sporadic or even regular manner. Thus, hot water from the central hot water storage or water heater can be conveyed by means of the pump via the hot water line, ie the first line section, to and into the container, and via the circulation line, the second line section, back to the central water heater or hot water storage. By means of suitable valve and line arrangements on the container, even the short line from the container to the hot water tapping point can be thermally disinfected with this amount of water. Either part of this hot water, either manually or automatically controlled during the thermal disinfection at the sampling point, specifically escape, or one arranges between the container and sampling point a kind of small circuit. In normal operation of the system according to the invention, these two lines forming the circuit can preferably be flowed through in the same direction, namely in the direction of the removal point. As a result, the lines can be made smaller. In thermal disinfection, however, no large throughputs are necessary; then these small lines can be used as a circulation system. Particularly advantageous at this point and for this purpose, the use of so-called pipe-in-pipe systems. This is a thin tube within a thicker tube. Immediately at the extraction points, the water must then be able to flow from one tube to another in the thermal circulation. In addition to the central hot water storage or water heating device in the systems according to the invention, the container, in embodiments with active heating option, also serve as a supplier of hot water for thermal disinfection. Valves and the lines must be arranged suitably. First, the water in the hot water reservoir of the container on z. B. heated above 70 ° C. The pump then conveys the hot water through the second line section, possibly the central water heater, the first line section and possibly, as previously described, through the short line between the container and hot water tapping point. In systems with central hot water storage, where the hot water is normally taken directly from the central tank, the hot water from the hot water reservoir of the tank during thermal disinfection must avoid this central hot water supply, if its hot water temperature is cooler than the hot water to disinfect ( eg <70 ° C). It would otherwise be mixed there and for the rest of the Lines lose their disinfecting effect. In the case of central water heating systems, which heat up the water according to a continuous flow heater principle, however, they can also be integrated into the process of thermal disinfection. However, it should be noted that the hot water for thermal disinfection is so hot that it is still hot enough when leaving the central water heater (significantly> 70 ° C). If this is not possible, then in this case the direction of circulation during the thermal disinfection must be changed in between, so that all parts of the piping system are flushed hot enough. Or the hot water is passed through the short connection between the second line section and the first line section in the vicinity of the central water heater or hot water storage. If you want to thermally disinfect only the short line between the tank and hot water tapping point with the hot water (> 70 ° C) of the hot water reservoir of the container, so if necessary, the arrangement of an additional small or very small pump on the container advantageous. With this can, as previously described for the other pump, the short line piece between the container and hot water outlet are circulating thermally disinfected. All described thermal disinfections can also be carried out with or without chemical disinfection. With regard to the UV-C sterilization, there will be some significant improvements or simplifications in the near future, since the development of UV-C LEDs is nearing a low-cost production maturity. UV-C LEDs should then have a much longer life and be insensitive to frequent switching on and off, especially in comparison to conventional UV-C fluorescent tubes.

During the thermal disinfection of the first and second line section, the container and possibly the central water heater at the hot water tap properly tempered water can be removed when the container of the system according to the invention is equipped with a thermostatic mixer. This ensures, as described above, a scald protection. Also in supplying the line system including the container according to the invention with very hot water, eg. As solar heated drinking water, there is a scald protection at the sampling point in these arrangements. In the event that very hot water passes through the first line section to the container according to the invention, which is equipped with thermostatic mixer, there is even a special effect with respect to the filling of the hot water reservoir of the container. Since the water at the hot water inlet of the mixer is too hot, cooler water from the cold water reservoir of the container is added. The cold water reservoir empties and to the same extent fills the hot water reservoir of the container with hot or even very hot water. Use, as in EP 12159873.4 described, inter alia, the cold water pipe to provide parts of the cold water of the cold water reservoir of the container, so you can control the filling of the hot water reservoir of the container to the effect that too large a filling of the hot water reservoir of the container by the opening of the valve between cold water pipe and cold water reservoir of Container is interrupted. Because if cold water from the cold water pipe can get into the cold water reservoir, so stops the further, here and now unwanted, further filling of the hot water reservoir. Instead, it now flows less hot water. Preferably, this should happen at a level of the hot water reservoir of the container, that this can still absorb the warm or hot water from the first line section in the final circulation phase in which the warm water is conveyed in the first line section by flowing cold water into the hot water reservoir , If the hot water reservoir of the container with very hot water, eg. B. heated solar, was filled, then the heating element needs much later to maintain temperature with the reheating. If a previous withdrawal takes place with a similar afterflow of very hot water beforehand, the reheating will have to be used again later. Thus, the system according to the invention can contribute even better to saving energy by using very hot, solar heated water. For the time of thermal disinfection of the short pipe section between the container and hot water tapping point, it is possible to depressurize the line system or even the short line piece to the sampling point by specific valve controls. An appropriate scalding protection is possible with all thermal disinfections, if this z. B. is desired or necessary because of the lack of a thermostatic mixer.

As a separator between the cold water of the cold water reservoir in the container 5 and the warm water of the hot water reservoir of the tank 5 is called a piston for simplicity's sake. Of course, the same or similar separation devices, as in the applications EP1517097 and EP12159873.4 explained, also given in these inventive systems, which separate the warm from the cold water preferably heat, but not pressure-isolated from each other. For example, membranes or in particular gas quantities between the cold and warm water, or combinations of different types of separation, may be mentioned here by way of example. For example, separate two expansion vessels, the gas area via a gas line with each other, thermally particularly well the different amounts of warm water from each other and have virtually lossless the same pressure conditions.

The piston sensor, which in particular in the 1 and 2 is called, for simplicity's sake, only on versions of the system according to the invention with a piston as a separator between cold and hot water. For other separation devices corresponding appropriate sensors have their task, namely to determine the level of hot and / or cold water reservoir, take over. For use as a piston sensor are various types of sensors, eg. As laser, ultrasound, mechanical devices or reed switch / magnetic field sensors. For use of reed switches or magnetic field sensors can, for. B. a small permanent magnet can be arranged in the piston. If instead of just one, several sensors are attached to the container wall, so you can possibly adjust the setting of the container, for. B. based on the amount of buffer, purely adapt to the electronic control unit. Of course, a purely mechanical offset of the sensors is an easy way of adjustment or adjustment.

It is technically possible in all arrangements of the system according to the invention, the use of a cold water pipe as the second line section, as flows through this gem. the system according to the invention only cold water. In addition, to ensure that no inadequate cold water unintentionally enters the cold water line, appropriate valves and temperature sensors between the container and cold water line can be arranged. Especially with an active sterilization of the cold water in front of the flow in the second line section, a very high level of water hygiene would be achieved. The current German regulations prohibit such arrangements z. Z .. In EP1517097 and EP12159873.4 Numerous such arrangements are shown and applicable to the inventive systems according to this application / transferable.

Regarding the containers 5 In all systems according to the invention arrangements are possible in which the containers 5 arranged components, such as. As thermostatic mixer, Thermoweiche, electrical valves, etc., more than a container 5 and / or more than one cold water reservoir and / or hot water reservoir. This can be z. B. in a space-saving arrangement of two parallel containers 5 be. For certain sizes and space conditions, a better surface volume ratio can thus also be achieved.

In the granted patent EP 1517097 and the registration EP12159873.4 numerous arrangements are shown with parallel or in series arranged containers with hot water reservoirs, or combinations of parallel arrangement and series arrangement of containers with hot water reservoirs. All arrangements shown there are according to all systems according to the invention. this hereby filed patent application transferable, or are in accordance with all inventive systems. this application adapted mutatis mutandis or applied unchanged accepted. Similarly, the arrangements with "subcirculations" that use the hot water reservoir of a container as a hot water supply system. Likewise, the arrangements which show combinations of the respective system according to the invention with a circulation system.

The real purpose of this patent application is the energy-saving and hygienic provision of warm water, especially drinking water. Since it, however, as well as in the systems gem. of the registrations EP1517097 and EP12159873.4 , Essentially to new principles, with which different tempered media can be transported as low loss of one place on a line / a pipe system to another place are, adapted accordingly, given numerous other uses. Thus, the systems according to the invention gem. this application or the application EP 1517097 or the registration EP12159873.4 , are also used for the advantageous provision of gases. Or the reverse case, that colder media should be provided with low loss, is just as applicable in adapted systems according to the invention. Here, for the preferred implementation, so-called "Peltier elements" are mentioned, which carry out a "heat transfer" by means of direct current. So you can heat on one side and cool on the other side. Thus, all of the systems according to the invention of this application or of the application can also be used with these EP 1517097 or the registration EP12159873.4 used for heating and / or cooling. A preferred arrangement of a Peltier element could be the separator between the cold and the warm medium. Possibly. advantageous here again could be the use of alternating current, which is rectified only directly before connecting the Peltier element to DC. In this way, if necessary, an unwanted splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen can be prevented, although it comes to direct contact of conductors with water. In this way you can z. B. the wall of a container 5 use for power line purposes of low power, or errors in the insulation of conductors do not have a dangerous water splitting off.

Systems according to the invention can also be operated in otherwise contamination-critical temperature ranges in arrangements with a sufficiently strong sterilization device, as they are also mentioned in the figures. This may result in even lower heat losses.

Brief description of the drawings

Other objects, features, advantages and applications of the system according to the invention will become apparent from the following description of several embodiments with reference to the drawings. All described and / or illustrated features, alone or in any combination form the subject matter of the invention, regardless of the summary in individual claims or their dependency.

In the drawings show 1 and 2 schematic representations of each different embodiments of the system according to the invention. However, these figures are merely exemplary illustrations of the invention and are therefore not suitable for limiting the general principles of the invention.

Embodiment of the invention

In 1 a schematic representation of a first system according to the invention is shown. The system includes a central water heater or hot water storage 14 , a first line section 1 , a container 5 with hot water reservoir 20 and cold water reservoir 21 , a thermo body 7 , a thermostatic mixer 15 , a second line section 2 and a pump 4 , The capacity of the container 5 and the hot water reservoir 20 depends essentially on the size of the first line section 1 , container 5 and in particular hot water reservoir 20 should preferably be well insulated. The piston 6 , as far as possible heat-insulating but not pressure-isolating, separates the cold from the warm water and thus forms the separation between the cold-water reservoir 21 and hot water reservoir 20 , The first line section 1 , the actual "hot water pipe", connects the central water heater or hot water storage 14 over the thermoweiche 7 with the container 5 , The second line section 2 The actual "circulation line" is preferably close to the central water heating device 14 with the first line section 1 connected. The valve 9b , via the electronic control unit 13a controlled, opens or closes the connection. The pump 4 is in the second line section 2 arranged and is also controlled by the electronic control unit 13a controlled. Inside the container 5 is a UV-C lighting unit 19 arranged, by their UV-C radiation of the container 5 , incl. cold water reservoir 21 , Hot water reservoir 20 and intermediate chamber 16 , And that this water flowing through is kept almost germ-free or made. The UV-C flow sterilization chamber 25 is flooded in this arrangement by the same UV-C lighting unit with UV-C radiation. Both in the container 5 , as well as in the UV-C flow sterilization chamber 25 , a quartz glass separates the UV-C light source and the water flowing through it. This allows the UV-C radiation almost completely. Thus, there can be killed in the flow of water germs that have reached somewhere before the drinking water. In particular z. B. in the amounts of water previously not through the cold water reservoir 21 , still through the hot water reservoir 20 have flowed and therefore not yet sterilized there.

The thermoweiche 7 exists in this 1 from three individual valves 10a . 9c . 9d that through the first line section 1 at the thermoweiche 7 Incoming water depending on its temperature forward. This is done by the electronic control unit 13b controlled. This receives electronic signals from the temperature sensors 17a . 17b . 17c and the piston sensor 22 , The piston sensor 22 can change the position of the piston 6 measure, from which the control unit 13b again the level of cold water reservoir 21 and hot water reservoir 20 can determine. As long as water through the first line section 1 at the temperature sensor 17a arrives, which colder than 25 ° C or colder than the water in the cold water reservoir 21 is, so is the electric valve 10a open. The incoming water is in this case in the cold water reservoir 21 of the container 5 pass through. Reaches the temperature of the through the first line section 1 incoming water but the same temperature that the temperature sensor 17b in the cold water reservoir 21 detected, then the electric valve 10a closed and the electric valve 9d open. Has the water from the central water heater or hot water tank 14 significant temperature fluctuations, especially upwards, as z. B. can easily happen in solar heated drinking water, so offers the following additional circuit control: Reaches the temperature of the through the first line section 1 incoming water at the extraction point 12 desired temperature, so closes the electric valve 9d and for that opens the electric valve 9c , This is a particularly uniform hot water temperature at the sampling point 12 guaranteed, including scalding protection. Supplies the central water heater or hot water storage 14 In normal operation, however, fairly uniformly tempered water, so the following circuit control offers: Reaches the temperature of the through the first line section 1 incoming water at such a high temperature, that the risk of scalding at the sampling point 12 exists, for. As temperatures greater than 60 ° C, so closes the electric valve 9d and the electric valve 9c opens. As a result, this scalding protection is guaranteed. This scalding allows z. B. a thermal disinfection up to and including the container 5 during the operation of the system. In normal operation, this circuit control but the slightly hotter water in the hot water reservoir 20 less used and thus otherwise subsequently resulting from any resulting heating energy saved. In the starting position of the system according to the invention is the hot water reservoir 20 of the container 5 completely filled with warm water. The cold water reservoir 21 is thus empty, the piston 6 , which thermally isolates the cold from the warm water, but not pressure, is accordingly left at the end of the container 5 , The heating element 11 on the container 5 keeps the water temperature in the hot water reservoir 20 on z. B. 50 ° C constant; the temperature sensor 17c detects the temperature, the electronic control unit 13b controls the heating element 11 corresponding. The temperature in the hot water reservoir 20 should preferably be controlled higher than the desired temperature of the warm water at the sampling point 12 which z. B. 45 ° C is. The thermostatic mixer 15 is accordingly to this temperature, z. B. 45 ° C set. The water in the pipe sections 1 and 2 is cold, the electric valves 9b . 9c and 9d closed, the electric valve 10a opened and the pump 4 does not work. The UV-C lamp unit sterilises permanently or regularly or sporadically, but at least whenever the demand sensor / flow sensor 18 determines a water withdrawal. Once water at the sampling point 12 is removed, warm water flows from the hot water reservoir 20 of the container 5 to the sampling point 12 , The piston 6 wanders from left to right, the cold water reservoir 21 is filled. Because this water from the hot water reservoir 20 as described above, warmer than at the sampling point 12 is desired, mixes the thermostatic mixer 15 Water from the cold water reservoir 21 of the container 5 at. Thus, the desired water temperature of z. B. reached 45 ° C. By removing water, warm water flows from the central hot water storage or water heating device 14 in the first line section 1 and the water from the first line section 1 over the thermoweiche 7 to the container 5 , First, the cold water from the first line section 1 through the electric valve 10a in the cold water reservoir 21 passed while the piston 6 continue towards the hot water reservoir 20 slides, outside along the inner wall of the container 5 and inside along the UV-C lighting unit 19 , Here is the piston 6 sealed in these two places so that as little as possible, preferably no water from a reservoir of the container 5 can get into the other. If that at the Thermoweiche 7 incoming water from the first line section 1 warmer than 25 ° C or as the temperature in the cold water reservoir 21 gem. temperature sensor 17b is, the higher temperature is crucial here, so closes the electric valve 10a and the electric valve 9d opens. The now arriving lukewarm water now reaches both the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer 15 , as well as in the collecting chamber / intermediate chamber 16 , First, with still relatively low temperature, the larger proportion of lukewarm water enters the intermediate chamber 16 , As the temperature of the lukewarm water increases, however, more and more of this lukewarm water flows through the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer 15 because by the increase in temperature needed the thermostatic mixer 15 less and less warm water from the hot water reservoir 20 at his hot water inlet. This transition amount of lukewarm water is very limited, z. B. only about 1 liter, and in turn only a part reaches the intermediate chamber 16 , z. B. 0.7 liter. The intermediate chamber 16 should preferably be constructed so that the inflowing lukewarm water already contained therein possibly warm water before him into the actual hot water reservoir 20 pushes. It should come to the least possible mixing of lukewarm with warm water. If that from the first line section 1 incoming water has the correct hot water temperature as at the thermostatic mixer 15 and set at the central water heater or hot water storage and at the sampling point 12 desired, so also no more warm water at the hot water inlet of the thermostatic mixer 15 needed. The water at the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer 15 is already sufficiently warm. Thus, the flow of lukewarm water in the intermediate chamber comes 16 to a halt. In this intermediate chamber, this lukewarm water can within the next approximately 10 minutes approximately the temperature of the hot water reservoir 20 of the container 5 accept, supported by the heating element 11 , By the piston sensor 22 is the control unit 13b informed about the current piston position and movement, can deduce from this on the respective work cycle and thus also on the need, possibly lukewarm water in the intermediate chamber 16 to heat, although the temperature sensor 17c for the hot water reservoir 20 if necessary detected a sufficient temperature. Alternatively, another temperature sensor could be attached to the intermediate chamber 16 detect the need for temperature increase. When the hot water withdrawal at the sampling point 12 terminates what the demand sensor / flow sensor 18 to the control unit 13a transmitted, the control unit waits 13a a few minutes, z. B. 10 Minutes, if not more warm water at the sampling point 12 is removed. This waiting time should prevent unnecessarily frequent initiation of the work cycle. The waiting time must not be too long, so that the warm water in the first line section 1 not too cool. The max. Possible waiting time is therefore also dependent on the ambient temperature, the insulation, the cable length and thickness, the original water temperature, etc. When the waiting time has expired, the pump starts 4 and the electric valve 9b will be opened. The pump 4 now carries cold water from the cold water reservoir 21 of the container 5 in the second line section 2 , the actual circulation pipe, and the water from the second pipe section 2 in the first line section 1 , There, it pushes the warm water in front of him, which through the still open electric valve 9d , the check valve 8th and the intermediate chamber 16 in the hot water reservoir 20 arrives. When the warm water from the first line section 1 has been completely pushed out, it follows this a certain amount of lukewarm water, z. B. 1 liter. This amount of water is essentially due to the fact that the cold water following the warm water at the interface to the warm water, but especially by the still warm pipe of the first line section 1 something is heated. This recovers most of the heat energy previously released to the tube. This lukewarm amount of water is still through the electric valve 9d directed. The lukewarm water is followed by the cold water, which is no longer sufficiently through the conduit of the first line section 1 was heated. This signals the temperature sensor 17a the control unit 13b which the electric valve 9d closes and the electric valve 10a opens. Since the amount of lukewarm water is limited by the structure and the setting of the piping system, z. B. 1 liter, so is an intermediate chamber 16 sufficient in the appropriate size. The entire lukewarm amount of water comes in it now again to a halt and can, as previously explained, lingering in the set temperature of the hot water reservoir 20 with the help of the heating element 11 to be heated. Should the necessary temperature in the intermediate chamber be reached during a possibly fast hot water withdrawal 16 not yet reached, the warmer amount of hot water is directly in the hot water reservoir 20 but able to absorb this approx. 0.7 l of lukewarm water of the first transitional water quantity (see above) and mixed with it to be sufficiently warm. An appropriate temperature should be for the hot water reservoir 20 preferably be selected. The pump 4 comes to a standstill after a set time, z. B. about 2 minutes. The pumping process would be interrupted as soon as the demand sensor 18 detects another hot water withdrawal. The starting position is reached again:
The hot water reservoir 20 is filled, the cold water reservoir 21 empty, the water in the first line section 1 and in the second line section 2 is cold and therefore can not cause heat loss. The pump 4 does not work. The electronic control units 13a and 13b can also be replaced by a central control unit. In addition, the electronic control units can be designed self-learning.

In 2 a schematic representation of a second system according to the invention is shown. The system includes a central water heater or hot water storage 14 , a first line section 1 , a container 5 , which is preferably well insulated, with hot water reservoir 20 and cold water reservoir 21 , a thermo body 7 , a thermostatic mixer 15 , a second line section 2 and a pump 4 , The capacity of the container 5 and the hot water reservoir 20 depends on the size of the first line section 1 and the desired "buffer amount"; the connection follows from the following explanations. The piston 6 , designed as heat-insulating but not pressure-isolating, separates the cold from the warm water, thus forming the separation between cold water reservoir 21 and hot water reservoir 20 , The first line section 1 , the actual "hot water pipe", connects the central water heater or hot water storage 14 over the thermoweiche 7 with the container 5 , The second line section 2 The actual "circulation line" is preferably close to the central water heating device 14 with the first line section 1 and additionally directly with the central water heater or hot water storage 14 connected. The valves 9a and 9b , via the electronic control unit 13a controlled, open or close the connections. The pump 4 is in the second line section 2 arranged and is also controlled by the electronic control unit 13a controlled. In contrast to 1 is the cold water reservoir 21 of the container 5 via a check valve 8th and an electric valve 10b additionally with the cold water pipe 24 connectable. The UV-C luminaire unit 19 has the same functionality as in 1 already explained. The structure for sterilization differs only in the Druchflussentgeimungskungskammer 25 , There is not only the warm water in front of the hot water tap 12 Sterilized, but separately also the cold water in front of the cold water tapping point 23 , The thermoweiche 7 exists in this 2 from three individual valves 9c . 9d . 9e that through the first line section 1 at the thermoweiche 7 Incoming water depending on its temperature forward. This is done by the electronic control unit 13b controlled. This receives electronic signals from the temperature sensors 17a . 17b . 17c and the piston sensor 22 , The piston sensor 22 can change the position of the piston 6 measure, from which the control unit 13b again the level of cold water reservoir 21 and hot water reservoir 20 can determine. Unlike in 1 are all three valves 9c . 9d . 9e normally closed. Only when the piston sensor 22 determines that the piston is at a certain / adjustable / desired path towards the hot water reservoir 20 has moved, becomes one of the electric valves 9c . 9d . 9e opened and for the electric valve 10b closed. This ensures that the cold water reservoir 21 a certain / desired / adjustable level with cold water from the cold water pipe 24 has reached, before warm water from the central water heater or hot water storage 14 over the first line section 1 towards the container 5 flows. This regulation should cause that not even with every small removal at the hot water tap 12 warm water in the first line section 1 flows and thus starts a work cycle. The duty cycle should only begin when this "buffer quantity filling" in the cold water reservoir 21 of the container 5 is reached or exceeded. As the control unit 13b both the temperature of the cold water reservoir 21 through the temperature sensor 17b , as well as the temperature of the hot water reservoir 20 through the temperature sensor 17c If necessary, these parameters may be used for a flexible buffer quantity determination. Is namely z. B. the water in the cold water reservoir 21 due to waste heat from the hot water reservoir 20 meanwhile already lukewarm and no longer cold, so in the further course of a removal from the container 5 less warm water from the hot water reservoir 20 taken and accordingly more lukewarm water from the cold water reservoir 21 to allow the thermostatic mixer 15 his set z. B. can reach 45 ° C. In such a case, the buffer amount z. B. be regulated slightly larger. In addition to the control unit 13b also receives the electronic control unit 13a Signals from the piston sensor 22 , Is the buffer quantity filling in the cold water reservoir 21 as from the control unit 13b achieved reaches, then the electric valve 10b closed. The circuit of the electric valves 9c . 9d . 9e the thermoweiche 7 Now work according to the following scheme, similar to in

Fig. 1:

As long as water through the first line section 1 at the temperature sensor 17a arrives, which colder than 25 ° C or colder than the water in the cold water reservoir 21 is, so is the electric valve 9e open. The incoming water is in this case in the cold water reservoir 21 of the container 5 pass through. Reaches the temperature of the through the first line section 1 incoming water but the same temperature that the temperature sensor 17b in the cold water reservoir 21 detected, then the electric valve 9e closed and the electric valve 9d open. Has the water from the central water heater or hot water tank 14 significant temperature fluctuations, especially upwards, as z. B. can easily happen in solar heated drinking water, so offers the following additional circuit control: Reaches the temperature of the through the first line section 1 incoming water at the extraction point 12 desired temperature, so closes the electric valve 9d and for that opens the electric valve 9c , This is a particularly uniform hot water temperature at the sampling point 12 guaranteed, including scalding protection. Supplies the central water heater or hot water storage 14 In normal operation, however, fairly uniformly tempered water, so the following circuit control offers: Reaches the temperature of the through the first line section 1 incoming water such a high temperature that the risk of scalding at the sampling point 12 exists, for. As temperatures greater than 60 ° C, so closes the electric valve 9d and the electric valve 9c opens. As a result, this scalding protection is guaranteed. In normal operation, this circuit control but the slightly hotter water in the hot water reservoir 20 less used and thus otherwise subsequently resulting from any necessary heating energy saved. Even with a system gem. this 2 is through the existing scalding a thermal disinfection of the system up to and including the container 5 possible during operation. In the starting position of the system according to the invention is the hot water reservoir 20 of the container 5 completely filled with warm water. The cold water reservoir 21 is thus empty, the piston 6 , which thermally isolates the cold from the warm water, but not pressure, is accordingly left at the end of the container 5 , The heating element 11 on the container 5 keeps the water temperature in the hot water reservoir 20 on z. B. 50 ° C constant; the temperature sensor 17c detects the temperature, the electronic control unit 13b controls the heating element 11 corresponding. The temperature in the hot water reservoir 20 should preferably be controlled higher than the desired temperature of the warm water at the sampling point 12 which z. B. 45 ° C is. The thermostatic mixer 15 is accordingly to this temperature, z. B. 45 ° C set. The water in the pipe sections 1 and 2 is cold, the electric valves 9a . 9b . 9c . 9d and 9e closed, the electric valve 10b opened and the pump 4 does not work. The UV-C lighting unit sterilizes permanently or regularly or sporadically, but at least whenever the demand sensor / flow sensor 18 determines a water withdrawal. If hot water at the sampling point 12 is removed, then flows warm water from the hot water reservoir 20 of the container 5 to the sampling point 12 , The piston 6 wanders in the tank 5 from left to right towards the hot water reservoir 20 , To compensate, the cold water reservoir fills up 21 over the electric valve 10b with cold water from the cold water pipe 24 , Reached the fill of the cold water reservoir 21 the set and desired buffer amount, the control unit 13b This can be done with the help of the piston sensor 22 about the position of the piston 6 determine, so is the electric valve 10b closed and an electric valve 9e . 9c or 9d the thermoweiche 7 will be opened. The amount of buffer, ie the amount of water that the hot water reservoir 20 can be removed before warm water from the central hot water storage or water heater in the first line section 1 and through this to the container 5 flows through the electronic control unit 13b preferably flexible depending on the temperatures in the cold water reservoir 21 and hot water reservoir 22 be determined. Because if this water from the hot water reservoir 20 as described above, warmer than at the sampling point 12 is desired, mixes the thermostatic mixer 15 Water from the cold water reservoir 21 of the container 5 at. Thus, the desired water temperature of z. B. reached 45 ° C. By the further removal of water flows warm water from the central hot water storage or water heater 14 in the first line section 1 and the water from the first line section 1 over the thermoweiche 7 to the container 5 , First, the cold water from the first line section 1 through the electric valve 9e in the cold water reservoir 21 passed while the piston 6 continue towards the hot water reservoir 20 slides, outside along the inner wall of the container 5 and inside along the UV-C lighting unit 19 , Here is the piston 6 sealed in these two places so that as little as possible, preferably no water from a reservoir of the container 5 can get into the other. If that at the Thermoweiche 7 incoming water from the first line section 1 warmer than 25 ° C or as the temperature in the cold water reservoir 21 gem. temperature sensor 17b is, the higher temperature is crucial here, so closes the electric valve 9e and the electric valve 9d opens. The now arriving lukewarm water now reaches both the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer 15 , as well as in the collecting chamber / intermediate chamber 16 , First, with still relatively low temperature, the larger proportion of lukewarm water enters the intermediate chamber 16 , As the temperature of the lukewarm water increases, however, more and more of this lukewarm water flows through the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer 15 because by the increase in temperature needed the thermostatic mixer 15 less and less warm water from the hot water reservoir 20 at his hot water inlet. This transition amount of lukewarm water is very limited, z. B. only about 1 liter, and in turn only a part reaches the intermediate chamber 16 , z. B. 0.7 liter. The intermediate chamber 16 should preferably be constructed so that the inflowing lukewarm water already contained therein possibly warm water before him into the actual hot water reservoir 20 pushes. It should come to the least possible mixing of lukewarm with warm water. If that from the first line section 1 incoming water has the correct hot water temperature as at the thermostatic mixer 15 and set at the central water heater or hot water storage and at the sampling point 12 desired, so also no more warm water at the hot water inlet of the thermostatic mixer 15 needed. The water at the cold water inlet of the thermostatic mixer 15 is already sufficiently warm. Thus, the flow of lukewarm water in the intermediate chamber comes 16 to a halt. In this intermediate chamber, this lukewarm water can within the next approximately 10 minutes approximately the temperature of the hot water reservoir 20 of the container 5 accept, supported by the heating element 11 , By the piston sensor 22 is the control unit 13b informed about the current piston position and movement, can deduce from this on the respective work cycle and thus also on the need, possibly lukewarm water in the intermediate chamber 16 to heat, although the temperature sensor 17c for the hot water reservoir 20 if necessary detected a sufficient temperature. Another temperature sensor on the intermediate chamber 16 is also an advantageous way to control the temperature in it. When the hot water withdrawal at the sampling point 12 terminates what the demand sensor / flow sensor 18 to the control unit 13a transmitted, the control unit waits 13a a few minutes, z. B. 10 minutes, if not even more warm water at the sampling point 12 is removed. This waiting time should prevent unnecessarily frequent initiation of the work cycle. The waiting time must not be too long, so that the warm water in the first line section 1 not too cool. The max. Possible waiting time is therefore also dependent on the ambient temperature, the insulation, the cable length and thickness, the original water temperature, etc. When the waiting time has expired, the pump starts 4 and the electric valve 9a will be opened. The pump 4 now carries cold water from the cold water reservoir 21 of the container 5 in the second line section 2 , the actual circulation pipe, and the water from the second pipe section 2 in the central hot water storage or water heating device 14 , This will now add an extra amount of warm water over the first line section 1 in the hot water reservoir 20 of the container 5 pumped. With this amount of water, the buffer amount is provided for the next sampling cycle, or the shortfall compensated by the previous buffer quantity removal. About the piston sensor 22 can the electronic control unit 13a Determine when sufficient additional hot water into the hot water reservoir 20 was pumped. When this amount is reached, the electric valve closes 9a and the electric valve 9b opens. The cold water from the second line section 2 pushes the warm water in the first line section 1 in front of him, which through the still open electric valve 9d , the check valve 8th and the intermediate chamber 16 in the hot water reservoir 20 arrives. When the warm water from the first line section 1 has been completely pushed out, it follows this a certain amount of lukewarm water, z. B. 1 liter. This amount of water is essentially due to the fact that the cold water following the warm water at the interface to the warm water, but especially by the still warm pipe of the first line section 1 something is heated. This recovers most of the heat energy previously released to the tube. This lukewarm amount of water is still through the electric valve 9d directed. The lukewarm water is followed by the cold water, which is no longer sufficiently through the conduit of the first line section 1 was heated. This signals the temperature sensor 17a the control unit 13b which the electric valve 9d closes and the electric valve 9e opens. Since the amount of lukewarm water is limited by the structure and the setting of the piping system, z. B. 1 liter, so is an intermediate chamber 16 sufficient in the appropriate size. The entire lukewarm amount of water does not stop there now and can, as previously explained, lingering in the set temperature of the hot water reservoir 20 with the help of the heating element 11 to be heated. If the necessary temperature has not yet been reached in a possibly following hot water withdrawal, the warmer amount of hot water is directly in the hot water reservoir 20 but able to absorb this approx. 0.7 l of lukewarm water of the first transitional water quantity (see above) and, mixed with it, still be sufficiently warm. An appropriate temperature should be for the hot water reservoir 20 Preferably, or the amount of buffer is by this fact, that of the electronic control unit 13b "Known", adapted. The pump 4 comes to a halt when the hot water reservoir 20 completely or completely filled and no further filling takes place. The electronic control units 13a and 13b can also be replaced by a single central control unit. In addition, the controls can also be built self-learning. The pumping process with the electric valve open 9b would be interrupted as soon as the demand sensor 18 detects another hot water withdrawal. The starting position is reached again:
The hot water reservoir 20 is filled, the cold water reservoir 21 empty, the water in the first line section 1 and in the second line section 2 is cold and therefore can not cause heat loss. The pump 4 does not work.

A particularly advantageous mode of operation results in all systems according to the invention similar to that of 2 when using and using particularly hot or even hot water, especially if it has been heated solarly:
If extra warm water from the central hot water storage or water heater 14 over the first line section 1 to the thermoweiche 7 it flows through the opened electric valve 9c directly into the hot water reservoir 20 directed. As this water but hotter, z. B. 65 ° C, is as the set and desired temperature on the thermostatic mixer 15 , z. B. 45 ° C, mixes this colder water from the cold water reservoir 21 at. As a result, the piston moves 6 in the direction of cold water reservoir 21 whose volume / content continues to decrease. This is done by the electronic control unit 13b allowed until the hot water reservoir 20 still the warm and lukewarm content of the first line section 1 can take, which then after the removal end in the hot water reservoir 20 is pumped. This regulates the electronic control unit 13b by placing the electric valve at the appropriate piston position 10b opens. Thus, the still needed cold water for admixture from the cold water line 24 over the cold water reservoir 21 flow. The piston 6 comes to a standstill at this position until after the removal end of the warm and lukewarm content of the first line section 1 into the hot water reservoir 20 is pumped. This process of filling with very warm water will not overheat the heating element for a long time 11 necessary. Only when the temperature in the hot water reservoir 20 falls below the desired value, z. B. 50 ° C, the heating element 11 switched on.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

first line section

2

second line section

3

Cold water supply to the central water heater / hot water storage

4

pump

5

container

6

piston

7

Thermoweiche, thermo valve

8th

check valve

9a-e

electric valves, normally closed

10a, b

electric valves, normally open

11

heating element

12

Hot water extraction point

13a, b

electrical / electronic control unit

14

Central water heating device, central hot water storage

15

thermostatic mixer (mechanical or hydraulic or electronic working)

16

Collecting chamber, intermediate chamber

17

Temperature sensor, temperature sensor

18

Demand sensor (eg flow sensor or pressure sensor)

19

UV-C luminaire (UV-C luminaire with protective cover, eg made of quartz glass)

20

Hot water reservoir

21

Cold water reservoir

22

Piston sensor, level sensor (eg laser, ultrasonic, proximity sensor, reed switch, magnetic field sensor, etc.)

23

Cold water extraction point

24

Cold water line

25

UV-C Durchflussentkeimungskammer

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1517097 [0001, 0001, 0001, 0001, 0002, 0003, 0006, 0007, 0007, 0007, 0008, 0009, 0011, 0013, 0015, 0016, 0016, 0016]
• EP 12159873 [0002, 0003, 0009, 0010, 0011, 0013, 0015, 0016, 0016, 0016]
• EP 1215973 [0003, 0004, 0004, 0006, 0007]

Claims (11)

System for providing warm water from a water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ), a - preferably arranged in hot water tapping point - - container ( 5 ) with hot water reservoir ( 20 ), a Thermoweiche or Thermoventil ( 7 ), or a sensor and valves, one between the container ( 5 ) and the water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) arranged first line section ( 1 ), a second line section ( 2 ), at least one pump ( 4 ) and at least one demand sensor ( 18 ), which detects a water withdrawal, characterized in that the thermowire or the thermo valve ( 7 ) works more than two water temperature ranges differentiating and directs the water flows accordingly. System for providing warm water from a water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ), a - preferably arranged in hot water tapping point - - container ( 5 ) with hot water reservoir ( 20 ), a Thermoweiche or Thermoventil ( 7 ), or a sensor and valves, one between em container ( 5 ) and the water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) arranged first line section ( 1 ), a second line section ( 2 ), at least one pump ( 4 ) and at least one demand sensor ( 18 ), which detects a water removal, characterized in that no such hot water to the hot water tap ( 12 ), which would mean a scalding hazard. System for providing warm water from a water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ), a - preferably arranged in hot water tapping point - - container ( 5 ) with hot water reservoir ( 20 ), a Thermoweiche or Thermoventil ( 7 ), or a sensor and valves, one between em container ( 5 ) and the water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) arranged first line section ( 1 ), a second line section ( 2 ), at least one pump ( 4 ) and at least one demand sensor ( 18 ), which detects a water withdrawal, characterized in that the hot water reservoir ( 20 ) at, filled with cold water first line section ( 1 ), a lot of warm water can be withdrawn before and without a subsequent flow of hot water from the water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) over the first line section ( 1 ) to the hot water reservoir ( 20 ) of the container ( 5 ) or to the hot water tap ( 12 ), so that an uninterrupted hot water withdrawal at the hot water tapping point ( 12 ), wherein this amount of hot water in a system structure with thermostatic mixer ( 15 ) preferably variable - depending on the temperatures within the hot water reservoir ( 20 ) and the cold water reservoir ( 21 ) and possibly the set temperature of the thermostatic mixer ( 15 ) - determined and controlled, preferably by means of level sensors ( 22 ) and electric valves. System for providing warm water from a water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ), a - preferably arranged in hot water tapping point - - container ( 5 ) with hot water reservoir ( 20 ), a Thermoweiche or Thermoventil ( 7 ), or a sensor and valves, one between em container ( 5 ) and the water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) arranged first line section ( 1 ), a second line section ( 2 ), at least one pump ( 4 ) and at least one demand sensor ( 18 ), which detects a water withdrawal, characterized in that the sufficiently hot water from the hot water reservoir ( 20 ) or from the central water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) - preferably circulating - is used to the first line section ( 1 ) and the second line section ( 2 ) and / or possibly the line section between hot water reservoir ( 20 ) and hot water tap ( 12 ) to sterilize thermally. System for providing warm water from a water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ), a - preferably arranged in hot water tapping point - - container ( 5 ) with hot water reservoir ( 20 ), a Thermoweiche or Thermoventil ( 7 ), or a sensor and valves, one between em container ( 5 ) and the water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) arranged first line section ( 1 ), one between the container ( 5 ) and the first line section ( 1 ) can be arranged second line section ( 2 ), at least one pump ( 4 ) and at least one demand sensor ( 18 ), which detects a water removal, characterized in that the temperature of a hot water withdrawal from container ( 5 ) or from the first line section ( 1 ) to the hot water tapping point ( 12 ) flowing water by means of a thermostatic mixer ( 15 ) as constant as possible - preferably the same - held / regulated. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature in the hot water reservoir ( 20 ) of the container ( 5 ) taking into account the water temperature in the cold water reservoir ( 21 ) is controlled so that the water in the cold water reservoir ( 21 ) possibly existing usable heat energy by controlled Mixture or selective removal can be used. System for providing warm water from a water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ), a - preferably arranged in hot water tapping point - - container ( 5 ) with hot water reservoir ( 20 ), a Thermoweiche or Thermoventil ( 7 ), or a sensor and valves, one between em container ( 5 ) and the water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) arranged first line section ( 1 ), a second line section ( 2 ), at least one pump ( 4 ) and at least one demand sensor ( 18 ), which detects a water withdrawal, characterized in that through the first line section ( 1 ) inflowing hot water to fill the hot water reservoir ( 20 ) is usable - preferably also during a hot water extraction at the hot water tap ( 12 ), Wherein the filling of the hot water reservoir ( 20 ) preferably takes place only up to a level, which then still a complete recording of the hot or hot water from the first line section ( 1 ) into the hot water reservoir ( 20 ). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control or the controls of the system are designed self-learning. System for providing warm water from a water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ), a - preferably arranged in hot water tapping point - - container ( 5 ) with hot water reservoir ( 20 ), a Thermoweiche or Thermoventil ( 7 ), or a sensor and valves, one between em container ( 5 ) and the water heater or hot water storage ( 14 ) arranged first line section ( 1 ), a second line section ( 2 ), at least one pump ( 4 ) and at least one demand sensor ( 18 ), which detects a removal of water, characterized in that - the water which the container ( 5 ) or the container ( 5 ) arranged other components of the system according to the invention in the direction of hot water tap point ( 12 ), is sterilized by a suitable device - the water in the hot water reservoir ( 20 ) and cold water reservoir ( 21 ) is preferably sterilized, preferably from the same degermination device - that to the cold water tapping point ( 23 ) flowing water is preferably also sterilized, preferably from the self-degermination device System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in containers ( 5 ) arranged components of the system according to the invention more than one container ( 5 ) serve as a arranged component. System for providing a medium from a central, suitably tempering supply device - preferably arranged in the vicinity of the removal point - ( 5 ) with reservoirs, a Thermoweiche or Thermoventil ( 7 ), or a sensor and valves, one between em container ( 5 ) and the central supply device arranged first line section ( 1 ), a second line section ( 2 ), at least one pump ( 4 ) and at least one demand sensor ( 18 ), which detects a removal of the medium, characterized in that the inventive system, adapted mutatis mutandis, for low-loss cold water supply or for low-loss provision of another medium with a correspondingly desired temperature in a line system is available.

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