EP1517097A2 - system for providing heated water for domestic use in a pipe system and valve for controlling the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The hot water supply system has 2 parallel line sections (1,2) between the heating system (15), used for heating the hot water and a hot water delivery point (12), one line section containing a temperature sensor (7) adjacent the hot water delivery point, the same or the other line section containing a demand sensor (8) and a pump (4), a reversible connection between the line sections provided by a valve. An independent claim for a valve for opening and closing a connection between parallel line sections in a hot water supply system is also included.

Description

The invention relates to a system for substantially permanent or rapid Provision of water heated by a central heating system with a first line section, a second line section, at least one with the first and the second line section connected, a Hot water reservoir and a cold water reservoir having container and a Valve for controlling the mass flow within such a system.

The supply of heated domestic water in households is usually through a central heating system or by decentralized electrical heaters guaranteed. This raises the problem that electric heaters, if, how common in wet rooms, no power line is installed, with the usual Mains voltage of 220 V are operated and therefore only a limited Can provide heating energy. In addition, the electric heaters have no satisfactory energy utilization. When heating the However, there is a problem with domestic hot water in central heating systems after a hot water extraction in the from the heating system to the Entnahmestelle leading wire sections stored heated water in the Cooling connection to the removal and gives off its heat to the environment. at a renewed removal of the cooled water flows off first, before a sufficient amount of heated water has flowed and the cooled Line sections are heated again. In turn, circulation pipes pass through permanent maximum temperature difference and about double the cable length enormous Heat energy. Time switches and demand switches reduce this only conditionally, since in the resting phases also the approximately double amount of hot water cools down and then completely replaced again. The desired comfort will be in timed circulations to the rest periods again severely limited. Circulation lines also mean about double mounting and Cost of materials.

The known from the prior art systems for the provision of heated service water by means of central heaters thus do not contribute immediately Opening the sampling point heated hot water available and / or are energetically ineffective.

It was therefore an object of the invention to provide a system for preferably permanent or rapid provision of by means of a central heating heated service water at least one sampling point available which does not provide the problems resulting from the prior art having. It was also an object of the invention, within the system occurring mass flows of heated and cold hot water safely and effectively direct and / or regulate.

These objects are achieved by a system having the features of claim 1 or 2 and the valve with the features of claim 16 solved. advantageous Embodiments of the invention can be found in the respective dependent claims.

In this case, a system is provided which is capable of heating To provide service water at the sampling point almost permanently available and / or the supply and removal of heated or cold service water safely and to save energy. The system and the valve according to present invention can be installed both in new buildings and by Retrofit already existing piping systems are created. In addition, one can be provided any number of water taps or an existing System can be extended by subsystems that use parts of the main system. The line system according to the invention is particularly simple in structure, designed to be maintenance friendly and therefore particularly suitable for use in Private households.

• in dem ersten Leitungsabschnitt, vorzugsweise im Bereich der Wasserentnahmestelle ein Sensor angeordnet ist,
• im ersten oder zweiten Leitungsabschnitt ein Bedarfssensor und eine Pumpe angeordnet ist,
• der erste Leitungsabschnitt und der zweite Leitungsabschnitt durch einen Ventil reversibel miteinander verbindbar sind.

According to the invention, the system for providing water heated by a heating system at at least one water tapping point consists of a first line section arranged between and the heating system and the tapping point, and a second line section

• a sensor is arranged in the first line section, preferably in the region of the water extraction point,
• a demand sensor and a pump are arranged in the first or second line section,
• the first line section and the second line section are reversibly connectable to each other by a valve.

For hot water demand, the demand sensor starts the pump, the Hot water from the heating system pumps to the water tap. That I However, in the first line section is still cold water, opens the Sensor the valve, the first line section with the second Line section connects, which in turn is connected to the heating system. The still cold water in the first line section can thus to the Heating system to be returned. Once the sensor has warm water detected, the valve is closed and hot water can the sampling point be removed.

In another embodiment, the system according to the invention consists in essential from a central heating system to warm the Domestic hot water, a first line section for supplying the heated Domestic water to a hot water reservoir, one of which Hot water reservoir, although thermally insulated, but not arranged pressure-insulated Cold water reservoir and one of the cold water reservoir to the first Line section leading second line section for return excess cold tap water. The water intake is on the Hot water reservoir or at least arranged in the vicinity, so that at Opening the water tap at any time and almost directly heated Hot water is available.

Both by the heat-insulating and non-pressure-isolated separation of Hot water and cold water reservoir as well as through the open connection of Both reservoirs to the line system is the one that allows the heated water is not cooled by the cold water. The other is allows that even when removing heated water from the Hot water reservoir sufficient water pressure also by the in the Cold water reservoir is maintained flowing water.

The operating principle of this subject of the present invention is based on the fact that the container upstream thermo valve causes from the Heating system after-flow of warm water after hot water extraction in the hot water reservoir flows in, while cold water flows to the cold water reservoir is directed. Thus, even cold or in the line sections cooled water is not directed into the hot water reservoir. After filling the Hot water reservoirs will be cold in the normally resting circulatory system guided.

The hot water reservoir preferably contains at least the same Amount of warm water as the inlet between the central heating system and can accommodate the hot water reservoir. With hot water extraction now flows the warm water directly from the hot water reservoir. Preferably at the same time warm water from the heating system flows through the first line section Direction of the hot water reservoir after. Am controlled by a sensor Valve flows the cooled water, pressed by the subsequent warm Water, from the or the line section (s) in the cold water reservoir. When the warm water reaches the sensor, it switches the valve and directs the subsequent warm water into the hot water reservoir.

The sensor near the sampling point can be any sensor. For example, it is a temperature sensor and / or a flow meter that switches as soon as a certain volume, preferably the volume of the first Line section has flowed into the second line section.

After the end of the hot water extraction, a pump is activated, which cold Water nachpromesents and thus existing in the first line section warm water also transported to the hot water reservoir. The pump works preferably at least until such time as exclusively cold water in the Line sections is stored.

The pump is provided by any demand sensor known to those skilled in the art Gear set. This demand sensor can be a simple switch or by a Pressure sensor that starts the pump when the pressure drops. The pump can be started before the actual water withdrawal is to take place. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pump is connected via a or more flow sensors controlled. These flow sensors are preferred in the Able to detect the removal of hot water from the hot water reservoir and deliver a control signal to the pump. In a particularly preferred Embodiment of the invention, the system has at least one, preferably two Demand sensors, the first preferably at least in the vicinity of Heating system, each further in the cold water line, preferably in front of the Branch to the pump or behind the branch, arranged. So can in particular advantageously and easily determined whether during the circulation a Water removal has begun and then interrupted the circulation become. All sensors are preferably close to the pump / regulation of the pump arranged, whereby the technical complexity is minimized.

The circulatory system according to the invention can be an almost arbitrary amount of Containers are arranged with a hot and a cold water reservoir. In addition, a first hot water reservoir as a heating system, as well as a sub-central heating, for both a conventional hot water circuit as also serve for another inventive system.

By an additional heater, which preferably in the vicinity of the pump is arranged, may preferably in longer periods of rest without hot water withdrawal warm water can be pumped through the system. This can preferably be done when no additional heating elements in the Hot water reservoir are arranged and the warm water within the Hot water reservoir despite the heat insulation under a preferably in advance defined temperature level drops. Similarly, the used for this warm Water can be taken from the central heating system.

Particularly advantageous is the use of the usually the first, as Hot water line used, line section associated second, usually used as a cold water line, line section as a return line the circulatory system according to the invention. When using suitable valves Preferably, the second line section with respect to a hot water withdrawal used exclusively as a return line in which only cold water is stored.

Another aspect of the present invention is a valve for controlling the Mass flows preferably within a system described above for preferably permanent supply of warm water to one Hot water extraction point. The valve according to the invention comprises preferably arranged within a housing container for receiving and Storage of water and / or air, and a container and the connection reversibly sealing between the line sections, at least three Acting surfaces having closure plate, wherein in the first Line section prevailing water pressure on a first effective area, which in the second line section prevailing water pressure on a second effective area and the prevailing in the container water and / or air pressure to a third Actuating surface presses, wherein the pressure acting on the third effective surface pressure the valve Equal pressure to the line section in front of or behind the valve in Closed state holds and the size ratio of the first effective area to the second Active surface is coordinated with each other that an opening or closing the valve substantially independent of the pressure difference in the Line sections and essentially dependent on the pressure in the first Line section or in the second line section.

There is thus provided a valve which is capable in the essential only at an elevated pressure in one of the two line sections or substantially only when falling below a preferably in advance defined negative pressure in one of the two line sections to open. The Valve according to the invention is also in the assembly by storing a water / air mixture in a container disposed within the valve coarsely adjusted. Any necessary adaptation to changed pressure conditions, For example, if there is a change in the supply of the utilities available adjusted water pressure, thus takes place automatically after activation of the valve.

The valve according to the invention can in advance by the choice of a suitable Size ratio between the individual active surfaces of the closure plate of Valve matched to the usual in the line sections pressure differences become. In addition, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the Invention a fine adjustment of the valve by a change of the third Working surface of the closure plate acting spring force can be achieved. The Valve according to the invention is particularly simple in construction and very flexible set and used.

Figur 1

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 2

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 3

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines dritten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 4

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines vierten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 5

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines fünften erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 6

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines sechsten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 7

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer vereinfachten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Systems

Figur 8

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines siebten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 9

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines achten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 10

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines neunten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 11

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines zehnten erfindungsgemäßen Systems,

Figur 12

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ventils,

Figur 13

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Ventils,

Figur 14

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines dritten erfindungsgemäßen Ventils,

Figur 15

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines vierten erfindungsgemäßen Ventils,

Figur 16

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines fünften erfindungsgemäßen Ventils,

Figur 17

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines dritten erfindungsgemäßen Ventils,

Figur 18

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Wirkprinzips einer strömungsabhängigen Dichtung für eine Wasserleitung.

The invention is explained below in detail with reference to Figures 1-18. However, these figures are merely exemplary illustrations of the invention and are therefore not suitable for limiting the general principles of the invention.

FIG. 1

shows a schematic representation of a first system according to the invention,

FIG. 2

shows a schematic representation of a second system according to the invention,

FIG. 3

shows a schematic representation of a third system according to the invention,

FIG. 4

shows a schematic representation of a fourth system according to the invention,

FIG. 5

shows a schematic representation of a fifth system according to the invention,

FIG. 6

shows a schematic representation of a sixth system according to the invention,

FIG. 7

shows a schematic representation of a simplified embodiment of the system according to the invention

FIG. 8

shows a schematic representation of a seventh system according to the invention,

FIG. 9

shows a schematic representation of an eighth system according to the invention,

FIG. 10

shows a schematic representation of a ninth system according to the invention,

FIG. 11

shows a schematic representation of a tenth system according to the invention,

FIG. 12

shows a schematic representation of a first valve according to the invention,

FIG. 13

shows a schematic representation of a second valve according to the invention,

FIG. 14

shows a schematic representation of a third valve according to the invention,

FIG. 15

shows a schematic representation of a fourth valve according to the invention,

FIG. 16

shows a schematic representation of a fifth valve according to the invention,

FIG. 17

shows a schematic representation of a third valve according to the invention,

FIG. 18

shows a schematic representation of the operating principle of a flow-dependent seal for a water pipe.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first system according to the invention. The system comprises a heating system 15 having an inlet 16, a hot water pipe 1 connecting the heating plant 15 to the hot water reservoir W, and a cold water pipe 2 extending from the cold water reservoir K to the hot water pipe 1. Within the hot water tank W is a heating element 13 for heating the hot water reservoir as required W stored water arranged. The feed to the individual water reservoirs W, K is controlled by the thermo valve 7, the drain from the hot water reservoir W via the hot water tapping point 12. In the cold water line 2 is also a controllable via a flow sensor 8 configured pump 4, which controls the circulation of water within the system.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second system according to the invention. In the flow direction of the water behind the heating system 15, two series-connected containers 5 are arranged on the first line section 1, each having a hot water reservoir W and a separated by a membrane 6 cold water reservoir K, a hot water outlet 12 and a heating element 13. Both containers 5 are supplied via a respective thermo valve 7a, 7b with cold and warm water. Behind the first container 5 associated thermal valve 7a, a bypass Valve 43 is disposed between the leading from the thermo valve 7a to the cold water reservoir K and the hot water reservoir W inlets. About this bypass valve 43, the aforementioned feeds are connected to each other and also ensures a hot water supply to the second thermo valve 7b. For example, the bypass valve 43 may be provided with a strong spring that allows the bypass valve 43 to open only as a secondary alternative when the primary path for the water is blocked. In addition, in the flow direction behind the containers 5 arranged second line section 2, a pump-valve sequence 4, 9 is arranged, which is adjustable via a arranged in the cold water supply line 3 flow sensor 8.

FIG. 3 shows a third circulatory system according to the invention. The system has a central heating system 15, which is connected to the general water network via the supply line 3, 16, on. With the heating system 15 also the line sections 1 and 2 are connected via the supply line 16. A connection between the line sections 1 and 2 is arranged in the vicinity of the heating system 15. The connection is made via a valve 9, which opens, provided that the downstream pump 4 operates. Both the valve 9 and the pump 4 are controlled by control signals transmitted by flow sensors 8. At the first line section 1, two branches 14 are arranged, from which, in the form of subsystems, further first line sections 1 lead to further containers 5. At the heating system 15 next arranged container 5, the filling of the various reservoirs W, K takes place in the manner already shown in Figure 1 via the thermal valve 7. The return of the cold water from the cold water reservoir K via a valve 32 to the second line section 2. This valve 32 opens at higher pressure in the inlet of the valve 32, but not at a lower or higher pressure at the outlet of the valve 32. The control of the process from the cold water reservoir K of the heating system 15 more distant container 5, however, takes place via a flow valve 10, which prevents a flow of water from the first line section 1 into the second line section 2 is prevented in a pressure loss in the second line section 2, which takes place for example by a withdrawal of cold water at the designated cold water removal point 11.

FIG. 4 shows a fourth system according to the invention for providing warm water at a multiplicity of hot water tapping points 12. The system has three containers 5 arranged one behind the other in the first line section 1. From the hot water reservoir W of the middle container 5 is a circulating line 17, at the three hot water tapping points 12 are arranged. The hot water reservoir W is used in this case as a sub-heating system for a conventional hot water supply. At the downstream within the system shown hot water reservoir W, a subsystem 18, consisting of a line circuit and arranged on this circuit two containers 5 is shown. In this case, the container 5 serves as a sub-heating system for a further system according to the invention the two containers 5 are arranged.

FIG. 5 shows a fifth system according to the invention. In the first Line section 1, starting from the heating system 15 two containers. 5 arranged. The first container 5 is in the manner already explained above with fed warm and cold water. The downstream second container 5 is on the other hand only filled with water after filling the first container 5. For regulation the mass flow from the hot water reservoir W and the cold water reservoir K of the first container 5 are two on the output side of the first container 5 Valves 32, 37 arranged. In this case, the valve 32 opens at a higher pressure on Inlet, but not at lower pressure at the outlet of the valve 32. On the other hand opens the valve 37 only at lower pressure at the outlet, but not at higher pressure at the inlet of the valve 37.

FIG. 6 shows a sixth system according to the invention for providing warm water at a multiplicity of hot water tapping points 12. At the first line section two parallel connected container 5 are arranged, which are supplied at the same time or independently of each other via a common thermo valve 7 both with cold and with warm water. Both parallel connected container 5 supply in the manner shown in Figure 6 each a downstream container. 5

FIG. 7 shows a simplified embodiment of the system according to the invention without container 5. The pump 4 starts as soon as the flow sensor 8 detects a water removal, which can be done for example by a very short removal of water as a signal. Alternatively, the pump 4 can also be activated by means of a switch in the vicinity of the removal points 11 or 12. As long as the sensor 7 detects cold water, the water is diverted from the line 1 into the line 2 and thus flows back to the heating system. As soon as warm water arrives at the sensor 7, the flow process from the hot water pipe 1 via the valve 32 into the cold water pipe 2 is stopped and warm water can be removed at the removal point 12.

In the embodiment of Figure 8 corresponds to the line content of the hot water pipe 1 substantially, preferably exactly the contents of the container 5, when it is filled only with warm water. The valve 9, which may be designed, for example, as an electric valve, is used only as described below to supplement the amount of cold water that may be necessary. Flows namely water from the sampling point 12 before the hot water column from the hot water reservoir W arrives at the sampling point 12, so this cold amount is missing to fill the cold water reservoir K and the hot water column shoots over, ie it flows at least partially into the line 2, which is undesirable. Through the valve 9, the shortage of hot water can be supplemented, ie the valve 9 is open only during the first supporting pumping operation. If no more warm water in the container 5, due to the design, no cold water flows from the cold water reservoir K from the container 5 in the hot water pipe and vice versa.

FIG. 9 shows a further variant of the system according to the invention. Unlike in the embodiment according to FIG. 7, no sensor, for example a thermosensor, needs to be arranged in front of the valve 32, since the line content of the hot water line 1 to the valve 32 corresponds to the content of the hot water reservoir in the container 5. When there is no longer any warm water in the container 5, no cold water from the cold water reservoir K flows out of the container 5 into the hot water line 1. After removal, the pump 4 pumps the cold water from the cold water reservoir K of the container 5 via the cold water line 2 the other valve 32 in the hot water pipe and the warm water from the hot water pipe 1 is pumped into the hot water reservoir W of the container 5 until the container 5 is completely filled with warm water. The person skilled in the art recognizes that this system is particularly suitable for a spatial proximity of the two removal points 12.

1. Das warme Wasser aus dem Zulauf der Heizungsanlage ist deutlich kühler, so dass weniger Energieverluste durch Auskühlung des Warmwasserreservoirs in dem Behälter 5 befürchtet werden müssen.

2. Ein zusätzlicher Heizer in dem Behälter 5 ist überflüssig.

FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of the system according to the invention. This system has two pumps 4, wherein both before the hot water withdrawal and after the hot water withdrawal first the pump in front of the container 5 and then the pump 4 arranged in the bypass works. In this embodiment of the system according to the invention, a valve is used, for example, according to FIG. 12 or 14 in combination with a valve, for example according to FIG. 16. The hot water tubing string 1 is filled by the pump 4 to the valve 45 where removal has been initiated. The return flow, which takes place by reverse pumping direction after removal end, construction also takes place via this valve 45. Since no device is necessary at the branch 14, this system is particularly suitable for retrofitting the system according to the invention. The different volumes of the different strands of wire 1 prevent a well-defined reflux. Therefore, in the present case, the thermo valve must close as soon as all warm water has entered the heater 15 or into the hot water reservoir W of the container 5. The arrangement of container 5 in front of the heating system 15, ie at the inlet, has two advantages:

1. The warm water from the inlet of the heating system is significantly cooler, so that less energy losses due to cooling of the hot water reservoir in the container 5 must be feared.

2. An additional heater in the container 5 is unnecessary.

Der Sensor 8 registriert an seinem Behälter 5 eine Entnahme und leitet dieses Signal per Funk oder mittels einer Elektroverbindung an das zugehörige Ventil 48 und das Relais 49. Das Relais 49 aktiviert hier nach Ende der Entnahme die Pumpe 4. Nur das zuvor aktivierte Ventil 48 öffnet gegebenenfalls später das andere Ventil, falls dies auch später aktiviert wurde. Bei Entnahme aus der unteren Entnahmestelle 12 ohne Behälter 5 wird die Pumpe 4 nicht aktiviert. Die zeitgesteuerte Arbeitsweise erfolgt wie folgt: z. B. nach 10 Minuten nach Einsetzen der Warmwasserentnahme an einem der Behälter öffnet das zugehörige Ventil 48 und bleibt solange geöffnet, bis sein Behälter wieder gefüllt ist. Die Pumpe 4 springt ebenfalls nach genau 10 Minuten eines Warmwasserentnahmebeginns für z. B. 1 Minute an. Nach wiederum 10 Minuten springt die Pumpe 4 nochmals für z. B. 1 Minute an. Innerhalb z. B. dieses Zeitrasters sind auch sich überschneidende Entnahmen an verschiedenen Behältern abgedeckt. Der Behälter 5 mit der früheren Entnahme bekommt seine größere Fehlmenge warmen Wassers, der spätere seine geringere.

FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of the system according to the invention. This system has a radio-controlled and / or time-controlled or actuatable by electrical lines valve 48 and a radio and / or time-controlled or controllable by electrical lines connected to the valve 48 relay 49 for the pump 4. Otherwise, this embodiment substantially corresponds to the previously described embodiments of the invention. The advantage of this embodiment is the fact that no aggregates must be attached to the branches of the hot water pipe 1. Even larger houses with, for example, several tenants can be equipped as desired. The system according to this embodiment operates as follows:

The sensor 8 registers at its container 5 a removal and passes this signal by radio or by means of an electrical connection to the associated valve 48 and the relay 49. The relay 49 activates here after the end of the removal of the pump 4. Only the previously activated valve 48 opens later, if necessary, the other valve, if later activated. When removing from the lower sampling point 12 without container 5, the pump 4 is not activated. The time-controlled operation is as follows: z. B. after 10 minutes after the onset of hot water removal at one of the container opens the associated valve 48 and remains open until its container is refilled. The pump 4 also jumps after exactly 10 minutes of a warm water withdrawal start for z. B. 1 minute. After another 10 minutes, the pump 4 jumps again for z. B. 1 minute. Within z. As this time grid and overlapping withdrawals are covered in different containers. The container 5 with the earlier removal gets its larger shortage of warm water, the later its lower.

The skilled artisan will recognize that all the above variants, the container 5 near the extraction point and a container 5 near the Have heating system, combine with a pump so that through the faster inflow of warm water to the withdrawal point 12 the container 5 in near the sampling point can be significantly smaller than the container in the Near the heating system and that the volume of the container 5 near the Withdrawals so that it can be much smaller than the line content 1 of their Feeder.

FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of a first valve 32 according to the invention. Shown is a valve 32, which opens only at positive pressure from line 1, but not by a negative pressure in line 2. The valve 32 is particularly for an arrangement behind the last container 5 in the 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 , 10 and 11 illustrated embodiment, in which the cold water line is used as a return line suitable. The power of the circulation pump 4 and the execution and adjustment of the valve 32 by the adjusting screw 31 are preferably coordinated. The active surface 40 for the liquid from line section 1 on the closure plate 29 is comparatively large, that of the liquid from line section 2 comparatively small. Thus, even a relatively small relative overpressure in line section 1, the closure plate 29 lower against the force of the spring 30, which then allows the flow of liquid from line section 1 in line section 2. The skilled person understands that not necessarily springs are used, but that the necessary forces can be applied with suitable design of the valve as well by the weight forces generated by the masses of the individual components.

Because the active surface of the closure plate 29 to the line section 2 out is comparatively small, can also at a relative pressure decrease in Line section 2, which is a pressing of the closure plate 29 to the Seals 28 causes an overpressure in line section 1 opening the valve 32 effect. Since the spring housing 33 and the piston housing 38 is not can be sealed against each other, when opening the valve 32, so the separation the closure plate 29 of the seals 28, liquid from the interior of the Piston housing 38 and the spring housing 33 out or in this in addition, whereby the air / water level in the piston housing 38th is adjusted. Thus, a first adjustment of the valve 32 takes place. moreover allows the stored in the piston housing above the water through their air Compressibility easy detachment of the closure plate 29 of the Seals 28. The shape of the piston housing 38 shown here allows also a non-vertical installation of the valve 32, wherein in addition to a Membrane can be dispensed with. The adjustment of the valve 32 by running in the However, water in the piston housing 38 and / or the spring housing 33 takes place preferably only after assembly, after the valve 32 has its final position has attained. The piston housing 38 and the spring housing 33 are located in front of the Assembly preferably under atmospheric pressure filled with air before. In this case forms after entering the water in the valve 32 of the above-described Air / water level, which allows adjustment of the valve 32.

FIG. 13 shows a schematic illustration of a second valve 37 according to the invention. The valve 37 opens already at a low relative negative pressure in line 1, but not at an overpressure on the opposite side of the valve 37. This overpressure, for example, by inflow from a hot water reservoir (not shown), as shown for example in Figure 5, respectively. The closure plate 29 has on the line section 1 side facing a large effective area 40 for the water, whereas the active surface on the side facing away from the line 1 a relatively small attack surface for the water. If the piston cover 29 is raised, the water in line 1 can flow in, since the spring housing 33 and the piston housing 38 are not sealed against each other. There is thus an adjustment of the valve 37 by the influence of the air / water level 35 instead. The air trapped in the valve 37 also ensures by its compressibility that the piston cover 29 can detach from the seals 28. The pressure, which occurs during the flow of water within the piston housing 38 and the spring housing 33, is preferably slightly below the static pressure and above the release vacuum in line 1 to open the valve 37. The spring 34 in this case still provides up to one with the adjustment screw 31 adjustable limit value of the negative pressure for the concern of the closure plate 29 to the seals 28. The shape of the piston housing 38 shown here also allows a non-vertical installation of the valve 32, which also can be dispensed with a membrane. However, the adjustment of the valve 37 by running the water into the piston housing 38 and / or the spring housing 33 is preferably carried out only after assembly after the valve 37 has reached its final position. The piston housing 38 and the spring housing 33 are preferably filled with air under atmospheric pressure prior to assembly. In this case forms after entering the water in the valve 37, the above-described air / water level, which allows adjustment of the valve 37.

Figure 14 shows an embodiment of the valve according to Figure 12, wherein the spring housing and the valve housing are made in one piece.

Figure 15 shows an embodiment of the valve according to Figure 13, wherein the spring housing and the valve housing are made in one piece.

FIG. 16 shows a combination of the valves 32 and 37. With hot water extraction, the pressure in the valve relaxes. Even a slight overpressure in the hot water pipe 1 pushes the piston down because it has a large attack surface due to its depression. Cold water flows past the thermocouple / valve until incoming warm water closes the cold water outlet 46 and cold water inlet 47 opens. Due to the still existing pressure of the pump, the entire valve 45 is pressurized again. Since the thermocouple is down, the cold water inlet 47 is opened from the cold water line 2 via a valve 32 so that reflux of cold water from the line section 2 into the line section 1 is now possible. This displaces the warm water from the line section 1. A cooling rate at 7 in 45 which corresponds to the cooling rate of the warm water in the line 1, is advantageous.

FIG. 17 shows a schematic illustration of a second valve 22 according to the invention. In the initial position of the clamping bolt 25 is provided with lever arm 23 in the middle position with balanced voltage of both valves 22. Upon removal of water from the line 26, the right clamping bolt 25 is pushed up the right valve 22, whereby the left clamping pin 25 is pressed down on the valve 22 of line 27 via the lever arm 23. In this position, the clamping bolt 25 and the lever arm 23 remain first, even in the case of removal of water from line 27. Here, the left valve 22 can be opened solely by the water pressure, however, the operation of the left valve 22 is due to the design of the valves 22 with lever arms 23 heavier than the right valve 22. After completion of each removal starts the circulation. Depending on the design of the higher pressure in the line is measured, or it can be an acoustic or electrical, but preferably not audible signal can be used. Due to the different spring tension first line circulates 26, after the expiration of a pre-selected on the control and support member 24 time or after flow of a predefined amount of water, the lever arm 23, controlled by the control and support member 24 to. As a result, the right valve 22 is now stretched more than the left valve 22, whereby the circulation of water from now on via line 27 takes place. After the end of the circulation, for example in a pressure drop or after delivery of a sound or electrical signal, the control / influence of the lever arm 23 ends by the control and support member 24. The current status of the system can preferably by three temperature sensors, which at Inlet, line 26 and arranged on line 27 are registered. The clamping bolt 25 and the lever arm 23 then go back to the starting position. Alternatively, an electrically controlled opening and closing of the valves 22 can also take place.

FIG. 18 shows a schematic representation of the operating principle of a flow valve 10 according to the invention for a water pipe 1, 2. The flow valve has a lock plate mounted on a bearing 44, which is arranged above the connection point between line 2 and line 1 and reversibly closes line 1 with respect to line 2. The flow valve 10 serves to close the connection between line 1 and line 2 when a predefined mass flow in line 2 is exceeded. If there is a certain water pressure both in line 1 and in line 2, then the ratio of the two water pressures is decisive for whether the flow valve 10 closes the two lines against each other or connects the lines together. The water stored in line 1 presses from below against the flow valve and against the water pressure present in line 2. In addition, the water flowing in line 2 flows over a slope arranged inside the line 2 in front of the connection point and impinges on the inclined plane arranged on the flow valve 10. If the water also flows over the inclined plane, then the closure plate 29 of the flow valve 10 is additionally pressed onto the connection point between line 1 and line 2 and thus closes line 1 with respect to line 2. To seal the line 1 is at the edge of the connection point between line 1 and 2, a circumferential seal arranged.

List of reference numbers

W

Hot water reservoir

K

Cold water reservoir

1

Hot water pipe

2

Cold water line

3

Cold water supply line

4

circulating pump

5

container

6

membrane

7

Sensor, thermo valve, temperature sensor

8th

Demand sensor, flow sensor

9

Valve

10

flow valve

11

Cold water extraction point

12

Hot water extraction point

13

heating element

14

junction

15

heating system

16

Supply heating system

17

conventional hot water cycle

18

Hot water circuit according to the invention

19

stoker

20

Valve

21

sensor

22

check valve

23

lever arm

24

Control and support element

25

Adjusting bolts / deadbolt

26

Continuation of the line

27

Continuation of the line

28

poetry

29

closing plate

30

Spring (pushing)

31

adjustment

32

Valve

33

Spring housing and cylinder

34

Pen (pulling)

35

Gas / air level

36

Gas / air in piston housing

37

Valve

38

piston housing

39

Valve / total housing

40

first effective area of the closure plate

41

second active surface of the closure plate

42

third effective area of the closure plate

43

Bypass valve

44

camp

45

Valve

46

Cold water output

47

Cold water inlet

48

Valve

49

relay

Claims (21)

System for the provision of water heated by a heating system (15) at at least one water tapping point (12), with a first line section (1) arranged between the tapping point and the heating system (15) and a second line section (2), characterized in that : a sensor (7) is arranged in the first line section, preferably in the region of the water removal point (12), in the first or second line section a demand sensor (8) and a pump (4) is arranged, the first line section (1) and the second line section (2) are reversibly connectable to each other by a valve (32). System for the provision of water heated by a heating system (15) on at least one water removal point (12) arranged at least in the vicinity of the hot water reservoir (W), with at least one container (5) having a hot water reservoir (W) and a cold water reservoir (K) , a first line section (1) arranged between the container (5) and the heating system (15) and a second line section (2) arranged between the container (5) and the first line section (1), characterized in that the hot water reservoir (W ) of the cold water reservoir (K) is arranged substantially heat, but not isolated pressure-insulated and that the hot water reservoir (W) via a within the first line section (1) arranged thermo valve (7) can be filled only with warm water. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the hot water reservoir (W) and the cold water reservoir (K) by a heat-insulating membrane (6) are separated from each other. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the hot water reservoir (W) and the cold water reservoir (K) are separated from each other by at least one wall of a piston movable in a cylinder. System according to one of claims 2 - 4, characterized in that the filling of the cold water reservoir (K) with cold water and the hot water reservoir (W) with hot water via the sensor (7) is controllable. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the sensor (7) controls a valve, with the hot water via the first line section (1) in the hot water reservoir (W) and cold water via a first line section (1) with the cold water reservoir (K) connecting branch (14) in the cold water reservoir (K) is feasible. System according to one of claims 2 - 6, characterized in that after filling the cold water reservoir (K) excess cold water in the second line section (2) is conductive. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the removal of hot water in the first line section (1) remaining hot water by means of a pump (4) in the hot water reservoir (W) can be filled. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pump (4) within the first or second line section (2) is arranged and preferably by means of a preferably in the first line section (1) arranged need sensor (8) is adjustable. System according to one of claims 2 - 9, characterized in that within the hot water reservoir (W), a heating means (13) is arranged. System according to one of claims 2 - 10, characterized in that a plurality of hot water reservoirs (W) and cold water reservoirs (K) on the first line section (1) are arranged in series. System according to one of claims 2 - 11, characterized in that at least one hot water reservoir (W) another system consisting of a first line section (1) and a second line section (2) and a second hot water reservoir (W) arranged thereon and a cold water reservoir (K) is arranged. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inflow and outflow of hot or cold water within the line sections (1, 2) to the various hot water reservoirs (W) and cold water reservoirs (K) by at least one valve (32, 37 ), preferably a check valve, is adjustable. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inflow and outflow to the hot water reservoirs (W) and cold water reservoirs (K) by means of on both sides of each branch (14) arranged and dependent acting valves (32, 37) is adjustable. System according to one of claims 2 - 14, characterized in that the container (5) in the vicinity, preferably in the inlet of the heating system (15), is arranged. Valve (32, 37) for opening and closing the connection between two line sections (1, 2) with a container (33) preferably arranged within a housing (39) for receiving and storing water and / or air, and a container ( 33) and the connection between the line sections (1, 2) reversibly sealing, at least three active surfaces (40, 41, 42) having closure plate (29), characterized in that in the first line section (1) prevailing water pressure on a first effective area (40), in the second line section (2) prevailing water pressure on a second active surface (41) and in the container (33) prevailing water and / or air pressure on a third active surface (42) presses that on the third Acting surface (42) pressure holds the valve (32, 37) in pressure equality in the first line section (1) and the second line section (2) in the opening or closing state holds and the size ßenverhältnis of the first active surface (40) to the second active surface (41) is coordinated such that an opening or closing of the valve (32, 37) substantially independent of the pressure difference in the line sections (1, 2) and substantially dependent from the pressure in the first line section (1) or in the second line section (2). Valve (32, 37) according to claim 16, characterized in that the valve (32, 37) by means of a container (33) arranged and preferably adjustable, on the closure plate (29) acting spring (34) in the opening or Closed state is durable. Valve (32, 37) according to any one of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the pressure in the first line section (1) against the spring (30, 34) and against the water and / or air pressure within the container (33) acts. Valve (32, 37) according to any one of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the pressure in the second line section (2) against the spring (30, 34) and against the water and / or air pressure within the container (33) acts. Valve (32, 37) according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that at the contact surfaces between the closure plate (29) and the container seals (28), preferably circumferential O-ring seals, are provided. Valve (48) according to any one of claims 16-18 and 20, characterized in that in the housing (39) and piston housing (38) prevailing water and / or air pressure, which presses on a third active surface (42), by opening the sampling point (48). 12) can be influenced or reduced.

Images