DE102011116411A1 - Smoke or fire protection cover for forming escape corridor in transportation tunnel, has retainer with deflection device, which deflects fire protection element so that element forms roof and sections of corridor in protection arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The cover (10) has a retainer (14) automatically bringing a fire protection element (12) e.g. fire protection textile, from a storage arrangement into a protection arrangement. The protection element defines an escape corridor in the protection arrangement. The protection element includes segments, which overlap each other in pairs when the protection element is in the protection arrangement. The retainer includes a deflection device (22) deflecting the protection element such that the protection element forms a roof section and a side section of the corridor in the protection arrangement. An independent claim is also included for a tunnel.

Description

The invention relates to a smoke or fire protection device for forming an escape corridor in tunnels with (a) a flexible protective element, which can be brought into a protective arrangement in which the protective element limits the escape corridor and in a bearing arrangement in which the protective element is compact and a plurality of segments that at least overlap each other at least in pairs when the protective element is in the protective arrangement, and (b) a receptacle by means of which the protective element can be brought automatically from the bearing arrangement into the protective arrangement.

Such a smoke or fire protection device is from the WO 03/092818 A1 is known and serves to create in a traffic tunnel a safe escape corridor for people who want to escape from the tunnel. The known smoke or fire protection device comprises a roof made of metal, which may be roofed by a tarpaulin, wherein on the roof a curtain of at least partially transparent strips is attached. In case of fire, the roof pivots out of the bearing assembly into the protective arrangement, so that an escape corridor is formed in the toxic gases can not penetrate, since it is acted upon with fresh air.

From the WO 01/02056 A2 A tunnel protection system is known for tunnels in which flexible smoke protection elements hang from a hood-like roof structure.

A disadvantage of such a system is that only the action of toxic gases on the fugitives can be prevented. Another disadvantage is the complex and maintenance-intensive locking and opening mechanism.

The invention has for its object to provide a robust smoke or fire protection device that better protects against escaping from the outside by the escape corridor escaping people.

The invention solves the problem by a generic smoke or fire protection device in which the protective element is a fire protection element and in which the receptacle has a deflection device which is designed for deflecting the fire protection element, so that the fire protection element in its protective arrangement, a roof portion of the escape corridor and a Side section of the escape corridor forms.

An advantage of the inventive solution is that refugees are protected in the escape corridor against high heat. Fire protection elements, such as fire protection textiles, can also effectively shield high temperatures for a relatively long time. It is known that in case of disasters in tunnels, especially traffic tunnels, very high temperatures of over 1000 ° C can occur within a very short time. Since the heat transfer by radiation scales in the fourth power of the temperature, large amounts of heat can be transferred to escaping persons, unless they are shielded by a smoke or fire protection device according to the invention. It is also beneficial that refugees in the escape corridor through the roof section are also protected against heat from above.

A further advantage is that the flexible fire protection element can for example be accommodated on a winding shaft and arranged so that the deflection device is at least partially covered. In case of fire, heat can develop very quickly. If the heat is not detected with sufficient rapidity, the fire protection element at least partially protects the deflection device and possibly also the receptacle, so that the smoke or fire protection device remains functional even if it is triggered too late. In contrast, in the case of a solution from the prior art, it can not be ruled out in the case of many known systems that, in the case of delayed activation and great fire heat, warping of those components occurs by means of which the fire protection elements are to be placed in their protective arrangement. There is a fear that safe functioning can not be guaranteed.

It is also advantageous that the smoke or fire protection device according to the invention does not pose a danger to the fugitives when operated. In known smoke or fire protection devices, it may happen that sheets or metal construction elements are moved into the area in which people are. In the worst case, this can result in a person being injured, which hinders escape. In the solution according to the invention, only flexible elements move into the area in which fugitives can stay, so that even a collision with a fleeing person can not cause any lasting damage to them.

In the context of the present description, the flexible fire protection element is understood in particular to mean a fire protection textile, that is to say an object made of fibers, for example a woven fabric or a scrim, consisting of a non-combustible, fire-retardant material. For example, the fire protection textile comprises glass fiber and / or metal fiber and / or wires.

The protective arrangement is understood to mean that arrangement of the protective element in which the protective element is part of an escape corridor in which people can escape from an accident site in a tunnel. Under the bearing assembly is understood an arrangement in which no escape corridor is formed, but in which the fire protection element is in a compact arrangement in which it disturbs the operation in the tunnel possible little.

In particular, the device is understood to mean any device by means of which the protective element can be moved and mounted. For example, the receptacle comprises a winding shaft on which the fire protection element is wound up. In order to be able to automatically bring the fire protection element from the bearing arrangement into the protection arrangement, the receptacle preferably comprises a motor. However, it is also possible that the receptacle and the fire protection element are arranged relative to each other, that the fire protection element alone by non-motor influence, for example due to gravity or due to a prestressed spring, from the bearing assembly is movable into the protective device when the smoke or fire protection device activated becomes. This activation can be done for example by a power failure or an active control pulse.

A fire protection element is understood in particular to mean an element which is resistant to a temperature of above 600 ° C. for at least 30 minutes.

The roof section of the fire protection element is understood in particular to mean a section of the fire protection element which has at least one horizontal component, so that a person located in the escape corridor is protected against heat from above. The side section of the flight corridor is understood to mean, in particular, a section of the fire protection element which extends at least substantially vertically. By the feature that the side section extends at least substantially vertically, it is understood in particular that an angle to the vertical is smaller than 20 °.

According to a preferred embodiment, the deflection device is automatically brought from a compact position to a projecting position, wherein the deflection device is formed so that it is in the compact position when the fire protection element is in the bearing assembly and that it is in the cantilevered position when the Fire protection element in the protection arrangement is.

Has the smoke or fire protection cover as provided in a preferred embodiment, a housing, the deflection device is preferably enclosed in its compact position of the housing and protrudes in the cantilevered position beyond the then opened housing. If the deflection device is in the cantilevered position, this preferably results in the side section of the fire protection element being at a distance of at least 1.50 m from the nearest wall of the tunnel, so that the escape corridor has a width of at least 1.50 m. It is particularly favorable if the escape corridor is wider, for example has a width of at least 2 m.

Preferably, the deflection device has a deflection edge on which the fire protection element passes from its roof portion in its side portion, wherein the deflection follows a straight path when the deflection moves from the compact position in the cantilevered position. It can be achieved, for example, by moving the deflecting edge through a scissor mechanism or a telescopic mechanism.

In principle, however, it is also possible for the deflection edge to cover an arcuate path, wherein this path then preferably extends convexly with respect to a viewing direction from above. In other words, in this case, the deflecting device at least locally describes a circular movement that can be defined by a Schmiegekreis having its center below the height, the deflection has in its compact position. The advantage of this is that such a movement can be executed purely by gravity without additional energy input.

If the deflecting edge follows a straight path, then this may run horizontally or upwardly, the receptacle in this case preferably having an energy store, for example a spring. However, the straight path can go down, which has the advantage that the movement can be purely due to gravity. Nevertheless, the recording may include energy storage, so that the movement can be triggered very quickly.

Preferably, the smoke or fire protection cover comprises a housing which at least covers the fire protection element when the fire protection element is in the bearing arrangement. To the feature that the receptacle and the fire roofing element are covered, it is understood that receptacle and fire protection element are protected against external influences. For example, the housing encloses the receptacle and the fire protection element, but it is also possible that the housing forms an enclosure together with a wall. Preferably, the housing also surrounds the deflection device.

According to a preferred embodiment, the housing has a stationary housing element and a movable housing member, wherein the movable housing member is spaced from the stationary housing member when the flexible fire protection element is in its protective arrangement and wherein the movable housing element together with the stationary housing element at least the receptacle and the fire protection element surrounds when the flexible fire protection element is in its protective arrangement ,

It is possible that the smoke or fire protection cover has an extension mechanism for the movable housing element, by means of which the movable housing element from its bearing arrangement is movable into an active arrangement. Preferably, this extension mechanism is synchronized with a winding shaft. In particular, the extension mechanism with the same motor can be extended, which also drives the winding shaft.

It is possible that the deflection device is firmly fixed relative to the movable housing element, so that the deflection device moves when the movable housing element moves. For this purpose, the movable housing element preferably comprises webs which engage between adjacent segments of the fire protection element and are fastened to the deflection device.

It is advantageous if each part of the housing always, so even if the flexible fire protection element is in its protective arrangement, a minimum distance of 2.5 meters from the escape route background has. This avoids collisions of fugitives with the housing.

According to a preferred embodiment, the stationary housing element and the movable housing element are sealed against each other when the flexible fire protection element is in its protective arrangement. For example, at least one of the housing elements comprises a sealing element. It can be achieved so that the housing is hermetically sealed, so that dust from the road can not penetrate into the housing.

The housing is particularly designed so that even with changes in air pressure, as generated by driving through the tunnel trucks, the housing elements remain sealed against each other.

In particular, the housing is designed to be resistant to washing brushes used to clean tunnels from the inside. It can be advantageous if the housing has a strictly convex outer contour over at least 50% of its height extent. This facilitates the cleaning.

According to a preferred embodiment, the receptacle comprises a winding shaft on which the fire protection element is wound in its bearing arrangement. In order to bring the fire protection element from its bearing arrangement in its protective arrangement, the fire protection element is unwound from the winding shaft. It is possible that a motor is provided for this purpose, for example an electric motor. But it is also possible that the winding shaft and the fire protection element are designed so that it is held only when energy in the bearing assembly. This has the advantage that the fire protection element moves automatically in a power failure in the protection arrangement.

Preferably, the smoke or fire protection cover comprises a drive unit which is adapted to carry out a method with the steps of (I) detecting whether an emergency signal is present and, if so, (ii) driving the winding shaft so that the fire protection element is unwound and (iii) driving the Deflection device, so that this extends. The driving of the winding shaft and the driving of the deflection can be done simultaneously, for example, characterized in that the winding shaft and the deflection device are driven by a common drive and / or coupled together. If no accident signal is detected, the winding shaft and the deflection device remain in the bearing arrangement or the compact position.

According to a preferred embodiment, the deflection device has a drive shaft and a transfer device, by means of which a rotational movement of the drive shaft is convertible into an extension movement of the deflection device, so that the deflection device is movable by rotating the drive shaft from the compact position to the projecting position, wherein the Winding shaft and the drive shaft rotatably coupled to each other. This ensures that when the fire protection element and the deflecting perform a mutually synchronized movement, which ensures that the fire protection element is always process reliable in its protection arrangement.

It is favorable if the fire protection element comprises intumescent material. In this case, there is a particularly high thermal resistance, so that refugees are particularly well protected.

According to a preferred embodiment, the receptacle comprises a locking device which holds the fire protection element in its stored state only in a powered state. In a de-energized state, the locking device no longer holds the fire protection element in the bearing assembly. Solely by the influence of gravity and / or passive, that is not electrical, energy storage, the fire protection element enters its protection arrangement when the locking device is in the de-energized state. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the receptacle comprises an electrical energy store, by means of which the fire protection element can be moved into its protective arrangement when the locking device is in the de-energized state.

Preferably, the fire protection element is at least partially translucent, that is, behind the fire protection element arranged objects are at least schematically recognizable. Alternatively or additionally, the fire protection element may be provided with escape route pictograms.

According to the invention, a tunnel, in particular a traffic tunnel which extends along a tunnel extension and which has a tunnel wall which limits the tunnel to the outside, at least one lane for vehicles, at least one escape route and a smoke or fire protection device according to the invention, wherein the flexible fire protection element limited in its protection arrangement, an escape corridor, which runs along the escape route. The escape route can be, for example, a footpath that extends along a roadway. Particularly preferably, the tunnel has an overpressure ventilation shaft, wherein the smoke or fire protection cover is arranged so that the escape corridor of overpressure ventilation shaft can be acted upon with air. For example, an outlet opening of the overpressure ventilation shaft opens in the escape corridor. In case of fire, fresh air is then forced through the overpressure ventilation shaft into the corridor, so that any flue gases that have penetrated into the escape corridor are diluted and / or blown out of the escape corridor.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows

1 a smoke or fire protection device according to the invention in cross section, in which the fire protection element is in the bearing assembly,

2 the smoke or fire protection device according to 1 in cross-section, in which the fire protection element is in the protective arrangement,

3 a top view of the smoke or fire protection device,

4 a schematic top view of the smoke or fire protection device

5 a cross section through a tunnel according to the invention,

6 A second embodiment of a smoke or fire protection device according to the invention in cross section, in which the fire protection element is in the bearing assembly,

7 the smoke or fire protection device according to 6 in cross-section, in which the fire protection element is in the protective arrangement,

8th a third embodiment of a smoke or fire protection device according to the invention in cross section, in which the fire protection element in the bearing assembly, and

9 the smoke or fire protection device according to 8th in cross-section, wherein the fire protection element is in the protective arrangement.

1 shows a smoke or fire protection device according to the invention 10 with a flexible fire protection element 12 that in 1 in its bearing arrangement is shown, in which the fire protection element 12 is arranged compactly. The smoke or fire protection device 10 also includes a recording 14 that has a winding shaft 18 and a winding shaft posture 18 includes. By means of the winding shaft posture 18 is the winding shaft 16 on a tunnel wall 20 attached.

The smoke or fire protection device 10 also has a deflection device 22 that has an extension device 24 and a deflection edge attached thereto 26 has. The extension device 24 is formed in the present case by a scissor mechanism having a first arm 28 and a second arm 30 includes, by means of a joint 32 connected to each other. The fire protection element 12 Includes a fire protection textile, which is on the winding shaft 16 is wound up. At a free foot end is a conclusion bar 34 attached, which is dispensable.

The recording 14 includes one in the winding shaft 16 arranged winding shaft motor 36 , by means of which the fire protection element 12 from the winding shaft 16 Unwindable and on the winding shaft 16 is windable. The winding shaft motor 36 is via a schematically drawn electrical line 38 with a schematically drawn drive unit 40 connected.

The smoke or fire protection device 10 also includes a housing 42 that the recording 14 and the fire protection element 12 einhäust. The housing forms for this purpose 42 along with the tunnel wall 20 an enclosure of the recording 14 , the fire protection element 12 and in the present case, the deflection device 22 , 1 shows the deflection device 22 in its compact position and the fire protection element 12 in its Bearing arrangement in which it is normally, ie when there is no fire.

2 shows the smoke or fire protection device 10 in which the fire protection element 12 in his protection order. It can be seen that the deflection device 22 in its projecting position, in which the deflection edge 26 further from the tunnel wall 20 is spaced as in its compact position.

In the protective arrangement forms the fire protection element 12 a roof section 44 in which it is at an inclination angle α to the horizontal H. The inclination angle α is usually greater than 0 degrees, that is, the roof section 44 is inclined downward relative to the horizontal H. It is also conceivable, however, that the roof section 44 is tilted at a smaller inclination angle α of, for example, more than -30 ° and thus upwards relative to the horizontal H.

The fire protection textile also forms a side section in its protective arrangement 46 in which it is at an angle of inclination α of substantially 900 to the horizontal H runs. It is also conceivable, however, that the fire protection element 12 in the side section 46 at an inclination angle α, which deviates from the right angle by, for example, 10 °. Under the fire protection element 12 So forms an escape corridor 48 ,

2 shows that when the protective element 12 in its protective arrangement, and the housing 42 is opened, in this state, a housing flap 50 folded down, which is usually provided that a lower edge of the housing door 50 in the opened state has a minimum distance to the underlying ground, for example, 2.50 m.

3 shows a view with the smoke or fire protection device 10 from the side, wherein in the right part of the diagram for easy understanding schematically again 2 is drawn. It can be seen that the fire protection element 12 from a plurality of segments 52.1 . 52.2 , ... exists, which overlap each other in pairs. 3 also shows the end bar 34 which may be segmented or continuous.

4 also shows that the segments are movable so that a passage is possible. So are the two segments 52.2 and 52.3 shown in the state generated by gripping by hand. Due to the resulting gap, a fleeing person can enter the escape corridor 48 enter, behind the fire protection element 12 lies.

4 shows a view from above of the smoke or fire protection device according to the invention 10 in the protection arrangement. It can be seen that the segments 52 (Reference numerals without Zählsuffix denote the object as such) are arranged partially overlapping. It can also be seen that the deflection device 22 , a plurality of first arms 28 namely the arms 28.1 . 28.2 , ... and a corresponding number of second arms 30 includes. If the arm angles β change, the deflection edge moves 26 to the outside, ie that the distance to the tunnel wall 20 increased.

4 also shows a roadway 54 for vehicles and an escape route 56 over which people can flee when on the road 54 an accident has occurred.

5 shows a cross section through a tunnel according to the invention 58 with two smoke or fire protection devices according to the invention 10.1 and 10.2 , where it can be seen that the escape corridor 48 that of the fire protection element 12 is clamped through an overpressure ventilation shaft 60 can be acted upon with air.

6 shows a smoke or fire protection device according to the invention 10 in which the case 42 a stationary housing element 62 that is made up of the two part elements 62.1 and 62.2 is constructed, and a movable housing element 64 having. The movable housing element 64 clad together with the stationary housing element 62 the fire protection element 12 if it's like in 6 shown in its bearing arrangement.

The deflection device 22 includes a deflection edge 26 , For example in the form of a deflection roller, which on the movable housing element 64 is fixed, The deflection device 22 includes a plurality of webs, of which the web 66 is drawn. The bridges 66 grab between adjacent segments 52 (see. 3 ) through the fire protection element 12 ,

The stationary housing element 62 and the movable housing member 64 are sealed against each other. This is the stationary housing element 62 , in the present case on the sub-elements 62.1 . 62.2 one sealing element each 68 arranged. If the housing is closed, the two housing elements 62 . 64 by means of the sealing element 68 hermetically sealed against each other so that road dust or liquid can not penetrate.

7 shows the smoke or fire protection cover 10 in which the deflection device 22 in the projecting position.

8th shows a further embodiment of a smoke or fire protection cover according to the invention 10 in addition to the extension device 24 for the deflection edge 26 an extension mechanism 70 is provided, by means of which the movable housing element 64 is automatically movable. The extension mechanism 70 includes, as the extension device 24 , a scissors mechanism, which has two articulated arms. Of course, other designs are conceivable.

8th shows the smoke or fire protection cover 10 in which the deflection device 22 in the compact position, 9 shows the deflection device 22 in its overhanging position.

The extension mechanism 70 is with the extension device 24 coupled, in the present case in that both are driven by a not shown electric motor. It can be provided that this is coupled to the winding shaft motor, but this is not necessary. This embodiment offers the advantage that no webs are necessary, which reach through the fire protection textile.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Smoke or fire protection device

12

Fire protection element

14

admission

16

winding shaft

18

Winding shaft attitude

20

tunnel wall

22

deflecting

24

withdrawable

26

deflecting

28

first arm

30

second arm

32

joint

34

end strip

36

Winding shaft motor

38

management

40

control unit

42

casing

44

roof section

46

side portion

48

flight corridor

50

housing flap

52

segment

54

roadway

56

escape route

58

tunnel

60

A ventilation shaft

62

stationary housing element

62.1, 62.2

Part element

64

movable housing element

66

web

68

sealing element

70

extension mechanism

α

tilt angle

β

arm angle

H

horizontal

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 03/092818 A1 [0002]
• WO 01/02056 A2 [0003]

Claims (10)

Smoke or fire protection device ( 10 ) to form an escape corridor ( 48 ) in tunnels ( 58 ), with (a) a flexible protective element ( 12 ) - in a protective arrangement in which the protective element ( 12 ) the escape corridor ( 48 ), and - in a bearing arrangement in which the protective element ( 12 ) is compact, can be brought and - a plurality of segments ( 52 ), which overlap one another at least in pairs, at least when the protective element ( 12 ) in the protective arrangement, and (b) a receptacle ( 14 ), by means of which the protective element ( 12 ) is automatically brought from the bearing assembly in the protective arrangement, characterized in that (c) that the protective element is a fire protection element ( 12 ) and (d) the inclusion ( 14 ) a deflection device ( 22 ), which is designed for deflecting the fire protection element ( 12 ), so that the fire protection element ( 12 ) in its protective arrangement, a roof section ( 44 ) of the escape corridor ( 48 ) and a side section ( 46 ) of the escape corridor ( 48 ). Smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflection device ( 22 ) (a) can be brought automatically from a compact position to a projecting position and (b) is designed such that the deflection device ( 22 ) - in the compact position, when the fire protection element ( 12 ) in the bearing assembly, and - in the cantilevered position when the fire protection element ( 12 ) in the protective arrangement. Smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that - the deflection device ( 22 ) a deflection edge ( 26 ) on which the fire protection element ( 12 ) from its roof section ( 44 ) in its page section ( 46 ), - wherein the deflection edge ( 26 ) follows a rectilinear path when the deflection device ( 22 ) moved from the compact position in the cantilevered position. Smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a housing ( 42 ), which at least the fire protection element ( 12 ) when the fire protection element ( 12 ) in the bearing assembly. Smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing - a stationary housing element ( 62 ) and - a movable housing element ( 64 ), wherein the movable housing element ( 64 ) spaced from the stationary housing member ( 62 ) is when the flexible fire protection element ( 12 ) in its protective arrangement, and - wherein the movable housing element ( 64 ) together with the stationary housing element ( 62 ) at least the fire protection element ( 12 ) when the flexible fire protection element ( 12 ) in its protective arrangement. Smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the stationary housing element ( 62 ) and the movable housing element ( 64 ) are sealed against each other when the flexible fire protection element ( 12 ) in its protective arrangement. Smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that - the receptacle ( 14 ) a winding shaft ( 16 ), on which the fire protection element ( 12 ) is wound in its bearing arrangement, - the smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) an electric drive unit ( 40 ) arranged to perform a method with the steps. (i) detecting whether an emergency signal is present and, if so, (ii) driving the winding shaft ( 16 ), so that the fire protection element ( 12 ) and (iii) driving the deflection device ( 22 ), so that this comes in the projecting position. Smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding shaft ( 16 ) and the deflection device ( 22 ) are synchronized with each other. Smoke or fire protection cover ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that (a) the deflection device ( 22 ) - a drive shaft and - a transfer device, by means of which a rotational movement of the drive shaft in an extension movement of the deflection device ( 22 ) is implementable, so that the deflection device ( 22 ) is movable by the drive shaft from the compact position to the cantilevered position, and (b) the winding shaft ( 16 ) and the drive shaft rotatably coupled to each other. Tunnel ( 58 ), in particular traffic tunnels extending along a tunnel, characterized by (i) a tunnel wall connecting the tunnel ( 58 ) is limited to the outside, (ii) at least one roadway for vehicles, (iii) at least one escape route; and (iv) a smoke or fire protection device ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, which is fastened to the tunnel wall, (v) wherein the flexible fire protection element ( 12 ) in its protective arrangement an escape corridor ( 48 ) along the escape route ( 56 ) runs.

Images