DE102010050863A1 - Apparatus for mixing non-pumpable biomass with a liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the continuous mixing of non-pumpable biomass with a liquid to form a substrate, in particular for a biogas plant, comprising at least one mixing chamber with at least one first inlet for the non-pumpable biomass and at least one second inlet for the liquid and comprising at least one outlet for the substrate and with at least one conveying device for conveying the non-pumpable biomass and the liquid into the mixing chamber and for conveying the substrate from the outlet, a mixing and separating device in the mixing chamber for mixing the biomass with the liquid and for separating contaminants is arranged from the substrate and that the device comprises a comminution device for comminuting the substrate mixed from the biomass and the liquid.

Description

The invention relates to a device for mixing non-pumpable biomass with a liquid to a substrate, which is provided in particular for a biogas plant comprising at least one mixing chamber with at least a first inlet for the non-pumpable biomass and at least one second inlet for the liquid and at least one outlet for the substrate and at least one conveying device for conveying the non-pumpable biomass and the liquid into the mixing chamber and for conveying the substrate from the outlet.

With such devices is not pumpable biomass with liquid substrates, z. B. fermenter content, recirculate or filtrate from a biogas plant or liquid manure or wastewater, are mixed before introduction into a fermentation tank of the biogas plant in a continuous process. The non-pumpable biomass may be, for example, silage or the like. The introduction of liquid into such a biomass has the advantage that the mixed, then liquid substrate by means of one or more pumps in different containers, eg. As fermentation tank, can be promoted. The use of pumps compared to a Schneckeneintragssystem, which is bound to a particular container, the possibility of such. B. in the case of a revision of a fermenter to keep the biogas plant by a "feeding" the Nachgärers continue to operate. It is also possible with such a system with pump drive to feed several fermenters. In addition, the microbiological degradability improves and the stirring effort in the fermentation tank can be reduced.

A problem with this is that impurities may be present in the non-pumpable biomass, such as stones, screws, wood or plastic parts, etc. Pumps used in such systems must be protected from damage by such impurities. This is off DE 20 2009 013 404 U1 known to provide a liquid entry with only one pump, the pump promotes low-contaminant substrate from a container and the biomass is mixed on the pressure side with the substrate in a device and is flushed from there into the fermenter. A similar system is off DE 102 52 527 B4 known. Such systems require a pressure-resistant system. The disadvantage is that contaminants from the biomass are also mixed in the device and are conveyed via the mass flow in the pumping lines. There you can lead to blockages of the pipes or to damage or blockages on piping installations, fittings or on conveyor systems of the following systems. In addition, the contaminants must be removed after some time by a revision from the container to obtain the useful volume of the container and to protect the pumps and lines of the biogas plant. This leads to considerable costs due to the shutdown and the restart of the system.

Out WO 2007/104386 A1 . EP 1 541 239 A1 or DE 91 07 622 U1 is a separation of impurities known by sedimentation. At the WO 2007/104386 A1 Known device is fed to a solids separator formed as a closed container on the one hand coarse suspension by means of a screw conveyor. On the other hand, liquid is supplied via a pressure pump. In the closed container of the Feststoffabscheiders a crushing device is further provided with a cutting screen. The shredder acts on the introduced into the container suspension with their buoyant organic parts, so that it should be crushed into a fermenter of a biogas plant can be spent. In this case, a lock device is provided at the bottom of the container in which sedimentation in the suspension contained impurities, such as stones to collect. From the lock device, the contaminants then enter a Störstoffauffangbehälter.

However, fermentation substrates used today have a comparatively high dry matter content of, for example, more than 8%. Blending with biomass results in high viscosities. Thus, a safe separation of contaminants by sedimentation is not always possible. Rather, even contaminants that have a greater density than the substrate to be promoted no longer separated by sinking, but transported with the mass flow. This in turn leads to problems with pump-based conveyor systems and with the use of crushers, as in WO 2007/104386 A1 described. In particular, there is an increased wear of the cutting of the crusher and blocking of the crusher by impurities. Such impurities can z. B. by storage of silage in the biomass or come from parts of a cover (sandbags, films, tapes / straps) or the means of transport (conveyor belt parts, gripper parts, etc.). In addition, biomass from livestock, z. As solid manure or manure, increased impurities such as stones, bones, woods, metals, plastics (films, straps, collars) or rubber parts. There is a need for a low wear and reliable system that can safely separate such contaminants from high viscosity liquid substrates.

Based on the explained prior art, the invention has the object, a device of the type mentioned to provide, which undergoes no impairment even in the presence of larger impurities.

The invention solves this problem by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims, the description and the figures.

For a device of the type mentioned, the invention solves the problem in that in the mixing chamber, a mixing and separating device for mixing the biomass with the liquid and for separating contaminants from the substrate is arranged, and that the device is a crushing device for comminuting the comprising biomass and liquid mixed substrate.

The device according to the invention may be part of a biogas plant comprising one or more fermentation tanks, in which or in which the substrate is fermented to produce biogas. The invention also relates to such a biogas plant. The supplied liquid may be from a fermentation tank of the biogas plant originating substrate. The liquid can also come from a separate container or from another source. The non-pumpable biomass comes z. B. from a reservoir.

In this case, a loosening device for loosening the biomass conveyed into the mixing chamber in the mixing chamber can be arranged in the device in addition to a comminuting device known per se. In addition, a mixing and separating device for mixing the biomass with the supplied liquid and for separating impurities from the mixed substrate is arranged in the mixing chamber. The arrangement of the loosening device and the mixing device may be such that in the mixing chamber funded biomass first passes through the loosening device and is loosened there and then passes through the mixing and separating, where the actual mixing with the liquid. The comminuting device is preferably connected downstream of the mixing device and optionally the loosening device in the conveying direction of the biomass or of the substrate. The comminution of the optionally already loosened and mixed substrate by the comminution device is then more effective than in the prior art. The comminution device can be arranged in the mixing chamber or else outside the mixing chamber. It has, in particular in a conventional manner, at least one cutting device for cutting the biomass. However, since according to the invention, the comminution device is preceded by the mixing and separating device and optionally a loosening device, the comminution device is subjected to lower loads during operation. The substrate striking the shredding device has already been loosened up by the loosening device or frayed or defibered in the case of long-fiber biomass. The thus loosened or defibrated biomass can then be particularly effectively mixed with the liquid. The comminution device accordingly encounters a comparatively homogeneous substrate. In addition, by means of the mixing and separating and the loosening already contained in the biomass impurities, such as stones, wood, steel or plastic parts or the like can be removed, so that these are no longer included in the comminution mixed substrate. Damage to the shredder or a downstream pump can be safely avoided.

In one embodiment, the mixing device may comprise at least one mixing blade which can be driven rotatably in the mixing chamber by means of a rotary drive. Such a mixing blade or such a mixing paddle can, for example, be arranged in front of an outlet opening of the mixing chamber for the substrate and preferably sweep over the outlet opening completely in the course of its rotation. In this way, a particularly effective mixing of the supplied solid and the supplied liquid. The mixing blade or the mixing paddle thereby generates a high degree of turbulence and radial flows, which allow a particularly effective mixture. Due to the rotational movement of the mixing device, contaminants can be hurled or pushed away from the outlet opening of the mixing chamber to the outside, so that they can not damage the subsequent comminution device.

According to a further embodiment, it can be provided that the loosening device has a drive shaft which extends into the mixing chamber and can be driven in rotation by means of a rotary drive and a plurality of loosening arms or loosening vanes extending radially outward from the drive shaft in different axial positions. Furthermore, it can be provided that the mixing blade and / or the loosening device and / or the comminution device can be driven to rotate by means of a common drive shaft and a common rotary drive. The loosening device according to the invention has in particular no cutting action. So it has no cutting edge (s) and counter cutting edge (s), as provided in shredding facilities. The loosening device according to the invention can be designed according to this embodiment in the form of a reel. About the shaft of the loosening device turns the Loosening device also in the mixing chamber. If the loosening device has a plurality of loosening arms or loosening wings arranged radially on the shaft, these have a low rotational resistance in liquid, but solid biomass dressings loosen particularly loosely on or fibers matted long-fiber biomass. In particular, the loosening wings break up the biomass into individual straws without having a cutting action. The individual wings can z. B. in opposite pairs successively mounted on the shaft, for example, be mounted as a 120 ° offset Dreierpaarungen or helically around the shaft.

According to a further embodiment, the mixing chamber can have a rest space in which contaminants conveyed into the mixing chamber are conveyed. As mentioned above, impurities are kept away from the outlet opening of the mixing chamber by the loosening device and / or the mixing device. So that they do not repeatedly enter the mixing process and thus the mass flow, and are then detected again by the mixing device, a rest space is provided according to this embodiment. In this rest room, the impurities are thrown or pressed for example by the rotating mixing blade and / or by the also rotating loosening device. The rest room can then be emptied, for example, at regular intervals.

According to a further embodiment, it can be provided that the at least one conveying device comprises at least one feed drive provided in a first feed line connected to the first inlet opening and / or at least one feed pump provided in a second feed line connected to the second inlet opening and / or at least one in one The discharge opening connected to the discharge line arranged Abförderpumpe. The supply and discharge lines may be part of the device according to the invention or a biogas plant according to the invention. The same applies to the corresponding drives or inlet and outlet openings.

According to a further embodiment, it may be provided that the device comprises at least one pressure sensor which measures the pressure in the mixing chamber and that it comprises at least one control device against which the measured values of the pressure sensor are applied and which is adapted to the feed pump and / or to control the discharge pump so that the pressure measured by the pressure sensor comes as close as possible to a predetermined desired value. Furthermore, it can be provided that the control device is designed to interrupt the supply of biomass and / or liquid into the mixing chamber and / or reverse the pumping direction of the at least one pump and / or an emergency shutdown when the setpoint is exceeded by a predetermined limit Make device.

In principle, the device according to the invention can be an open or closed system. A closed system is sealed to the environment so that odor emissions can be completely avoided. If it is an open system, there is a connection to the environment, for example via a riser or the like. For example, it can be provided that the device is connected via an open riser to the atmosphere, wherein at least one riser measuring device is provided which measures a fill level of the riser and / or a hydrostatic pressure in the riser and that a control device is provided on the the measured values of the riser measuring device abut and which is designed to control the feed pump and / or the discharge pump so that the fill level and / or the hydrostatic pressure in the riser is kept constant.

With the aforementioned embodiments of the invention, the mixing device can be operated on the one hand as a closed system with low or high pressure or without pressure, d. H. the pressure in the mixing chamber or an optionally provided second space is equal to the atmospheric pressure. When operating under reduced pressure, the components to be mixed or the mixed substrate are accordingly sucked through the chamber system according to the invention. When operating in positive pressure, the components or the mixed substrate are pushed through the chamber system accordingly. For operation in overpressure, it is possible to use two pumps, namely a feed pump and a discharge pump, which are operated according to pressure regulated or unregulated. It is also conceivable to operate the operation in overpressure with only one zufördernden pump. If, on the other hand, the mixing device is to be operated without pressure or with negative pressure in the mixing chamber, the pressure in the mixing chamber can be regulated by means of a pump that pumps in and forwards or, for example, only via a pump that pumps off. In the former case, a pressureless operation is possible. This has the advantage that the material is not sucked into the chamber or pressed out of the chamber. In the latter case, operation in negative pressure is possible. In both cases, however, at least one pump must be used on the suction side after loosening or contaminant separation.

For operation as an open system, on the other hand, at least two pumps must be used for feeding in and out. Is advantageous to install the opening to the environment or atmosphere in the flow direction after the loosening or the impurity separation. In this way, the zufördernde pump can overcome the pressure losses for the loosening or impurity separation.

According to a further embodiment it can be provided that the device comprises at least one drive measuring device which measures the electrical current, voltage and / or power consumption of a rotary drive of the mixing device and / or the loosening device and that the device comprises at least one control device on which the measured values of the drive measuring device are present, wherein the control device is designed to reverse a mixing direction of the mixing device when a predetermined limit value is exceeded by the measured values of the rotary drive.

According to a further embodiment, the mixing chamber can be connected via a gap, preferably an annular gap, to a second space, for example a second chamber, which has the outlet opening and into which the substrate passes out of the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber and the second space may be connected to each other via a circular opening, wherein in the mixing chamber or the second space is arranged in or at the circular opening also provided a circular plate which defines an annular gap. Furthermore, a rotary drive can be provided, with which the plate is driven in rotation.

According to a further embodiment it can be provided that the device according to the invention comprises at least two pressure sensors, of which at least one measures the pressure in the mixing chamber and at least one the pressure in the second space and that the device according to the invention comprises at least one control device to which the measured values abut both pressure sensors, wherein the control device is adapted to determine from the measured values, the pressure difference between the mixing chamber and the second space and to reverse the pumping direction of the at least one pump when exceeding a predetermined limit value by the determined pressure difference.

It can also be provided a common rotary drive and optionally a common drive shaft for the mixing device, the loosening device and the plate. It is also possible that the common drive or the common drive shaft is also used for the shredding device. In the aforementioned embodiments, the solid and liquid components to be mixed are first conveyed into the mixing chamber, where they are loosened by the loosening means and the mixing means are mixed into the substrate. The mixture is then conveyed through the gap into the second space by the conveying device. In particular, when the mixing and / or the loosening and comminution device are driven by a common drive device, the gap can also be replaced by a cutting screen of the comminuting device. The gap or the sieve hold in the substrate mixture still contained impurities, such as stones, plastic or wooden parts or the like safely back, so that they can not get into the second room. The impurities usually come from the non-pumpable biomass, as the solid entry. According to the invention, the mixed substrate can be reliably conveyed from the second space into a fermentation tank of the biogas plant by the conveying device. An optionally arranged downstream of the second space pump is securely protected from damage. At the same time, the aforementioned double-chamber design with a gap is low-wear and robust.

The circular plate can limit the annular gap, for example, with its edge and / or its side facing the circular opening. The drive device and, incidentally, optionally also provided with the device according to the invention drive devices may comprise electric motors. In the present case, the electric motor can drive the plate in rotation via a suitable drive shaft. The plate can be arranged in the circular opening between the mixing chamber and the second space and have a slightly smaller diameter than the opening. However, it is also conceivable that the plate has a larger diameter than the opening or the same diameter as the opening and is arranged in front of or behind the opening. The annular gap is defined by a defined distance of the plate rim to the wall between the mixing chamber and the second space. Furthermore, it is then possible for the at least one mixing blade of the mixing device to be arranged on the plate surface and the loosening device to be arranged above the at least one mixing blade. In particular, the loosening arms or wings of the loosening device extending radially from the drive shaft initially lead to a loosening or defibering of the non-pumpable biomass, so that it can subsequently be mixed with the liquid particularly effectively by the at least one mixing blade.

Furthermore, at least one clearing device can be provided for removing contaminants from the region of the gap. The clearing device can be arranged in front, behind or in the gap be. In particular, it can be rotatable in front of, behind or in the gap and thereby sweep the gap. The clearing device rotates in particular in the parting plane between the mixing chamber and the second space or in a plane parallel thereto. The clearing device can furthermore have at least one projection which extends radially outward from the edge of the plate delimiting the gap. It is also conceivable that the clearing device has at least one projection extending from the edge of the circular opening between the mixing chamber and the second space into the circular opening. The clearing device serves to remove contaminants from the area of the gap. If mixing and / or the loosening and comminution device are driven by a common drive device, a cutting screen can be cleared over the cutting edges of the comminution device. If the plate has a smaller diameter than the circular opening and is arranged in the opening, the scraper may frontally extend from the running surface of the plate in the gap or rotate on the front or back of the plate over the gap. If, however, the plate is arranged in front of or behind the circular opening with an outer diameter greater than or equal to the diameter of the circular opening, the reamer can be mounted as a runner in, in front of or behind the gap. The at least one scraper may also be arranged at the opening between the mixing chamber and the second space as a projection. The clearing device according to the invention ensures that the gap can not become clogged by contaminants or lumps. Rather, the substrate mixture can pass through the gap at any time unhindered in the second space. The clearing device preferably has no cutting action.

The second space can also be formed by a pump space for a discharge pump or by a discharge line, ie the space in which the pressure difference is generated by the pump. The second space can in this case directly form the inlet of the pump. In particular, the second space may also be formed via a plate in front of the rear wall of the mixing chamber, preferably with direct opening to a discharge line or discharge pump and / or a drive of the plate via the pump shaft. The plate may also have a curved shape (eg dished bottom or basket bottom shape). Such a shape can prove to be streamlined, for example, when the plate is arranged in front of the rear wall of the mixing chamber. The plate and / or the mixing blade and / or the loosening device and / or the clearing device on the one hand and the discharge pump on the other hand can be driven by a common drive shaft and a common drive. In addition, the mixing blade and / or the loosening device and / or the comminuting device can be driven in rotation by means of a common drive shaft and a common rotary drive.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures. They show schematically:

1 a device according to the invention,

2 a detail of the device 1 in a plan view,

3 the detail 2 in a side view,

4 another detail of the device 1 in a perspective view,

5 the detail 4 in a side view,

6 the detail 4 in a front view,

7 another detail of the device according to the invention 1 according to a first embodiment, and

8th a detail accordingly 7 according to a further embodiment.

Unless otherwise indicated, like reference characters designate like items throughout the figures. In 1 a device according to the invention is shown, which in the present case is part of a biogas plant. The biogas plant has in the example shown two fermentation tanks 10 . 12 on. The container 10 is via a support line 14 with a valve 16 connected. At a second input of the valve 16 is another support line 18 connected with an additional container 20 connected is. Outflow side is the valve 16 with a supply line 22 connected in which there is a feed pump 24 located. The device according to the invention has a mixing chamber as the first chamber 26 and a second space connected thereto via a circular opening 28 as a second chamber 28 on. The feed line 22 flows at an inlet 23 in the first chamber 26 , It also opens at a second inlet 29 the first chamber 26 in a second supply line 30 standing at her entrance with a storage tank 32 for non-pumpable biomass is connected as a solid entry. In the additional container 20 there is a liquid on the other hand. In the fermentation tank 10 and also the fermentation tank 12 is liquid substrate for biogas production. The second chamber 28 has an outlet opening 34 to which a discharge line 36 followed. about a valve 38 branches the discharge line 36 in a first discharge line 40 in the fermentation tank 10 and a second discharge line 42 in the fermentation tank 12 , In the discharge line 36 there is a drainage pump 44 ,

In operation, the first chamber 26 on the one hand not pumpable biomass from the reservoir 32 fed. The other is the first chamber 26 Liquid conveyed by the feed pump 24 , from the storage container 20 and / or the fermentation tank 10 fed. In the first chamber 26 the biomass and the liquid are mixed together, as will be explained in more detail below. The thus mixed substrate passes through the communication port from the first chamber 26 in the second chamber 28 , From the second chamber 28 becomes the mixed substrate, promoted by the drainage pump 44 , through the discharge lines 36 and 40 respectively. 42 in the fermentation tank 10 and / or the fermentation tank 12 promoted. In this case, pressure sensors not shown in more detail for the first and / or second chamber and a control device may be provided, with which the device according to the invention can be pressure-controlled. As explained above, the device may be an open or closed system. It can be operated without pressure or with low or high pressure.

In the 2 and 3 is a detail of the device according to the invention 1 shown. In particular, there is one in or at the circular opening between the first and second chambers 26 . 28 arranged circular dish 46 to recognize. The dish 46 is by means of a in the 2 and 3 Not shown rotary drive via a drive shaft 48 rotatable drivable. With his edge 50 limited the plate 46 an annular gap with respect to the circular opening. The first and second chambers 26 . 28 are thus connected to each other via this annular gap. On in the installed state of the first chamber 26 facing side of the plate 46 is a mixing blade in the example shown 52 arranged on this. The mixing wing 52 extends substantially over the entire diameter of the plate 46 , He turns with a turn of the plate 46 with this. Also, on the outside of the plate 46 two radial projections 54 to recognize. The radial projections 54 Scraper form a clearing device that remove in the annular gap fixing impurities such as stones, plastic or wooden parts or the like from the gap. In operation, the plate becomes 46 rotating in the circular opening between the first and second chambers 26 . 28 driven. The mixing wing 52 leads to a mixture of non-pumpable biomass with the liquid entry. The thus mixed substrate can then pass through the annular gap from the first chamber 26 in the second chamber 28 enter. The annular gap is thereby from the scrapers 54 kept free at all times.

In the 4 to 6 is another detail of the device 1 shown. In particular, in the 4 to 6 a loosening device according to the invention shown. The loosening device has several on a shaft 56 distributed and extending in the radial direction Auflockerungsarme or Auflockerungsflügel 58 , At the front end of the shaft 56 is also another perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 56 extending loosening arm 60 arranged. The loosening device of 4 to 6 can suitably on the in the 2 and 3 shown plate 46 with the mixing blade 52 be arranged. In particular, the wave can 48 of the plate 46 with the wave 56 the loosening device connected or integrally formed. Accordingly, in operation, the loosening device is around the shaft 56 driven in rotation. Consequently, the loosening wings turn 58 in the first chamber 26 , They lead to a loosening or defibration of the non-pumpable biomass before this in the mixing device with the mixing blade 52 entry. As a result, the mixing of the biomass with the liquid can be improved. In the example shown, the loosening arms 58 in the axial direction of the shaft 56 arranged offset to each other and at equal angular intervals over the circumference of the shaft 56 distributed, such as in 6 to recognize. Contaminants retained at the gap are passed through the loosening device and / or the mixing device into a rest chamber, not shown, of the first chamber 26 promoted.

The arrangement of the plate 46 with the mixing blade 52 and the loosening device is in the detailed representations of 7 and 8th to recognize. In these detailed views is also the drive device for the drive shafts 48 respectively. 56 to recognize. In the example shown, the drive device has an electric motor 62 and a gearbox 64 on. In both embodiments according to the 7 and 8th is a discharge pump 44 for conveying the substrate out of the second chamber 28 over the exit opening 36 provided by an electric motor 66 and a gearbox 68 is driven. in both cases the pump is 44 including their drive 66 . 68 outside the chamber 28 and in the discharge line 36 arranged. In addition, in both embodiments according to the 7 and 8th to recognize that the mixing device with the mixing blade 52 and the loosening device with the shaft 56 and the loosening arms 58 via the common electric motor 62 , The gear 64 and the wave 48 be driven rotating.

The embodiments of the 7 and 8th However, they differ with regard to the arrangement of the comminution device 70 , Such a shredding device 70 is in 1 not shown for reasons of clarity, although it is of course also provided there. According to the embodiment 7 is the first chamber 26 with the second chamber 28 through a circular opening 72 connected, in which the on the shaft 48 and about these rotating driven turntables 46 is arranged. The turntable 46 has a slightly smaller diameter than the opening 72 so that he has the annular gap 74 limited. According to the embodiment 7 is the crusher 70 outside the first and second chambers 26 . 28 and after the discharge line 36 arranged. The crusher 70 is via a separate electric motor 76 and an associated transmission 78 driven. That of the crusher 70 crushed substrate then passes to the discharge pump 44 For example, place the substrate in one of the fermentation tanks 10 . 12 promotes.

According to the embodiment 8th is the crusher 70 while in the second chamber 28 arranged. He will also be over the wave 48 and the electric motor 62 including gearbox 64 together with the mixing blade 52 and the loosening device with the loosening wings 58 driven. It is according to the embodiment 8th However, no separate turntable provided. Rather, the annular gap 74 between a front side 80 the crusher 70 and the circular opening 72 limited. Also, the gap may be replaced in this case by a cutting screen. In this embodiment, therefore, a common drive for the loosening device, the mixing device and the crushing device can be provided.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202009013404 U1 [0003]
• DE 10252527 B4 [0003]
• WO 2007/104386 A1 [0004, 0004, 0005]
• EP 1541239 A1 [0004]
• DE 9107622 U1 [0004]

Claims (19)

Apparatus for the continuous mixing of non-pumpable biomass with a liquid to a substrate, in particular for a biogas plant, comprising at least one mixing chamber ( 26 ) with at least one first inlet ( 29 ) for the non-pumpable biomass and at least one second inlet ( 23 ) for the liquid and comprising at least one outlet ( 34 ) for the substrate and with at least one conveying device for conveying the non-pumpable biomass and the liquid into the mixing chamber ( 26 ) and for conveying the substrate from the outlet ( 34 ), characterized in that in the mixing chamber ( 26 ) is arranged a mixing and separating device for mixing the biomass with the liquid and for separating impurities from the substrate, and that the device comprises a comminution device for comminuting the mixed from the biomass and the liquid substrate. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing device at least one rotatable by means of a rotary drive in the mixing chamber mixing blades ( 52 ). Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that in the mixing chamber ( 26 ) further comprises a loosening device for loosening the in the mixing chamber ( 26 ) promoted biomass is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the loosening device a in the mixing chamber ( 26 ) extending, by a rotary drive rotatably driven drive shaft ( 56 ) and several in different axial positions of the drive shaft ( 56 ) radially outwardly extending loosening arms ( 58 ) having. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing blade ( 52 ) and / or the loosening device and / or the comminuting device can be driven in rotation via a common drive shaft and a common rotary drive. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing chamber ( 26 ) has a rest room into which the mixing chamber ( 26 ) conveyed impurities can be transported. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one conveyor at least one in one with the first inlet opening ( 29 ) connected first supply line ( 30 ) and / or at least one in one with the second inlet opening ( 23 ) connected second supply line ( 22 ) provided feed pump ( 24 ) and / or at least one in one with the outlet opening ( 34 ) associated discharge line ( 34 . 40 . 42 ) arranged Abförderpumpe ( 44 ). Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises at least one pressure sensor which measures the pressure in the mixing chamber and that it comprises at least one control device against which the measured values of the pressure sensor and which is adapted to the feed pump ( 24 ) and / or the discharge pump ( 44 ) so that the pressure measured by the pressure sensor comes as close as possible to a predetermined desired value. Device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the control device is adapted to the supply of biomass and / or liquid into the mixing chamber when the setpoint is exceeded by a predetermined limit value ( 26 ) and / or to reverse the pumping direction of the at least one pump and / or to perform an emergency shutdown of the device. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it is connected via an open riser to the atmosphere, wherein at least one riser measuring device is provided which measures a level of the riser and / or a hydrostatic pressure in the riser and that a Control device is provided, against which the measured values of the riser measuring device and which is adapted to the feed pump ( 24 ) and / or the discharge pump ( 44 ) so that the level and / or the hydrostatic pressure in the riser is kept constant. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one drive measuring device which measures the electrical current and / or voltage and / or power consumption of a rotary drive of the mixing device and / or the loosening device and / or the comminution device and that they at least one control device to which the measured values of the drive measuring device abut, wherein the control device is designed to reverse a mixing direction of the mixing device when a predetermined limit value is exceeded by the measured values of the rotary drive. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing chamber ( 26 ) over a gap ( 74 ), preferably an annular gap ( 74 ), with a second room ( 28 ) connected to the outlet opening ( 34 ) and in which the substrate from the mixing chamber ( 26 ). Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the mixing chamber ( 26 ) and the second room ( 28 ) via a circular opening ( 72 ) and that in the mixing chamber ( 26 ) or the second room ( 28 ) in or at the circular opening ( 72 ) also arranged circular plate ( 46 ) is provided, which has an annular gap ( 74 ) limited. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that a rotary drive ( 48 ) is provided, with which the plate ( 46 ) is rotationally driven. Device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that at least one clearing device ( 54 ) for removing impurities from the region of the gap ( 74 ) is provided. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the clearing device ( 54 ) in front, behind or in the gap ( 74 ) is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the clearing device ( 54 ) is rotatable. Device according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the second space ( 28 ) is formed by a pump chamber for a discharge pump or by a discharge line. Device according to one of claims 2 to 18, characterized in that the plate and / or the mixing blade and / or the loosening device and / or the clearing device on the one hand and the discharge pump on the other hand via a common drive shaft and a common drive are driven.

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