DE102010010868A1 - Multi-story building has closed outer facade, which is attached to supporting frame with ring-shaped ceilings, where supporting frame is made of multiple peripheral cores and multiple ceilings - Google Patents

Abstract

The multi-story building has a closed outer facade, which is attached to a supporting frame with ring-shaped ceilings. The supporting frame is made of multiple peripheral cores (10) and multiple ceilings, which are connected to the peripheral cores in a force-fit manner. Multiple supports (20) are arranged between adjacent peripheral cores, where the supports form steel rods or steel profiles or the supports consist of steel-concrete composite.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a multi-storey building with a closed external facade, which is attached to a supporting structure with annular floor slabs. This building is a virtual, vertically aligned longitudinal axis assignable.

"Vielstöckig" here refers to a building that can reach, for example, a height up to about 500 m. Such a multi-storey building is intended in particular for habitation and / or for other use by humans.

To the state of the art

The document US 3,791,093 A discloses a skyscraper having a central shaft and these annularly surrounding floor slabs. In the central shaft or inner core are located lift and stairs, ventilation and other building services. The floor slabs are provided on their inner circumference with radially projecting ribs which engage in niches or recesses in the shaft and are anchored there. At its outer periphery the floors are held by tension members, which in turn are anchored to a support ring which is fixed to the head of the shaft. The resulting guidance of the tension members in the external facade of the structure necessarily causes the cross section of the structure to increase downwards; Typically, one realized by a virtual, vertical longitudinal axis of rotationally symmetrical structure, which may be formed for example in egg shape. The individual floors can be free of disturbing supports and pillars. Different room depths of the utility rooms and different dimensions of the window axes can be realized. The building is intended especially for office and administrative use.

The document DE 1 684 427 A1 teaches that tall structures equipped with false ceilings can also have several inner cores.

Furthermore, multi-storey buildings are known, which one or more tower-like outer core (s) are assigned, which are arranged outside and at a distance from the outer facade of the building; Compare for example the document US Pat. No. 6,851,517 B1 , These outer cores typically house lifts, stairwells and, where appropriate, specific escape facilities to allow users of the central building to quickly leave the central building in an emergency.

Under "core, inner core, outer core" is understood in construction a largely hollow, tower-like structure in the main housing facilities such as lifts, staircases, ventilation equipment, supply and disposal lines and other building services are housed. In addition, these structures may also perform a load-bearing function on the building. In construction technology, this is also referred to as "development cores". In the context of these documents the term "peripheral cores" is used; Thus, development cores of this type are referred to, which are arranged on or in the periphery of the building, ie within the building and adjacent to or adjacent to the outer facade.

The document US 6,202,365 B1 relates to a structure with stacked floors, which are held only hanging on a supporting structure. Such a structure should also be applicable in multi-storey buildings, in which the floors, floors and ceilings of spaces that can be used by people. Each floor slab is self-supporting and is held at three or more circumferential points by tensioned vertical suspension members. As such hanging members rods or ropes are considered. These suspension members are hinged to a structure that removes vertical loads to the ground. The structure consists of a number of uprights ("poles"), which are arranged on the circumference of a cone or truncated cone. In this case, the lower ends of the supports are supported in foundations on the ground, and the upper ends converge in a common tip. In addition, there may be annular supports extending in horizontal planes which are connected to the uprights and impart rigidity to the structure inwardly against buckling of the uprights. These horizontally oriented annular supports have no connection with and / or function with respect to the floor slabs. The upright supports of the structure are pure supports and have no development function in the sense of the above-mentioned development cores.

The document DE 1 230 993 B1 discloses a multi-storey building, which may for example have 24 floors. The structure has a central, core-like core building surrounded by annular support plates which are supported on their outer circumference on struts inclined relative to the vertical. These struts are anchored on the one hand in the ground and on the other hand connected to a horizontal disc, which is located at the head of the core building. At the outer edge of each support plate projections or projections are integrally formed on which typically a single-storey detached single house is set up. In this way, each support plate should provide space for 8 detached houses, for example. The diameter of the support plates can be smaller from bottom to top, so that the entire structure takes the form of a truncated cone.

The core building can be a reinforced concrete pipe and can be used to hold elevators, stairwells, chimneys and other pipes. The struts can also consist of reinforced concrete and accommodate supply lines for the detached houses. Each backing plate may be reduced to a double-D structure consisting of a central web and two semicircular arcs. The resulting webs are aligned offset and enforce the core building. The space between the inner circumference of the semicircular arches and the outer circumference of the core building is obviously empty and is not used. Only the detached houses are provided with a facade including balconies. Consequently, this multi-storey building essentially forms an arrangement of superimposed, annular platforms, wherein on each annular platform some free-standing, mutually spaced individual houses are placed. A typical, independent building with a closed exterior facade is not created here. As far as available, the cavities are empty and not delimited from the outside environment, so that the conditions in these cavities can not be controlled.

OBJECT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

Residential and administrative buildings of the type mentioned are typically provided with a closed outer facade, which delimits the building from the external environment. The lighting of the living and utility rooms takes place through windows in the outer facade. The spread of daylight penetrating from outside into these living and working spaces limits their usable depth. The center of the building, which is not accessible from the outside light, must be artificially illuminated and is used primarily for development purposes. The typically one or more inner core (s) having supporting structure of such buildings is highly concentrated and requires high-quality, homogeneous ground. Often a very complex priming and securing of the foundations in the ground or is required before the finished building stabilized with its weight, these foundations in the ground. The removal of vertical loads via one or more inner core (s), the limited depth of self-supporting floor slabs, and the limited depth of the spaces illuminated by the external daylight necessarily limits the freedom of design with which such buildings can be made.

Residents and other users of such buildings typically only have their own, rented or purchased space available. Apart from posh hotels, which are equipped with a spacious, multi-level atrium with plants, waterfalls and controlled atmosphere, there is a larger, publicly accessible space in which daylight, temperature, humidity, air quality, noise, the social climate and other conditions are controllable , hardly available. Especially for buildings that are to be built in climatically unfavorable areas and / or in a socially harsh environment, such pacified spaces would be desirable.

The object of the present invention is to provide a new multi-storey building which at least partially overcomes the above limitations.

INVENTION SOLUTION

• – aus mehreren, mehr oder minder stark auf die Längsachse zugeneigten, peripheren Kernen;
• – aus einer Anzahl von ersten Geschossdecken, die kraftschlüssig an diese peripheren Kerne angeschlossen sind, die in modifizierter Form auch deren Kernquerschnitte wenigstens teilweise durchsetzen, und die zusammen mit den so durchsetzten Kernabschnitten geschlossene Tragringe des Tragwerks bilden; und
• – aus einer Vielzahl von, zwischen benachbarten peripheren Kernen angeordneten Stützen, welche eine oder mehrere, erste Geschossdecken) im Bereich ihres Außenumfangs am Baugrund abstützen;

so dass periphere Kerne, Tragringe und Stützen gemeinsam ein schlankes, monolithisches Tragwerk bilden; und
wobei diese ersten Geschossdecken

• – geschlossene, etwa einem Kreis, einem Oval, einer Ellipse, einem regelmäßigen oder unregelmäßigen Polygon oder davon abgeleiteten und/oder daraus zusammengesetzten Formen folgende, um die Längsachse herum angeordnete Ringflächen bilden; die sich zwischen der Außenfassade und einer Innenfront des Gebäudes erstrecken; und
• – die eine Mindestringfläche aufweisen, die in radialer Richtung zur Längsachse eine Breite beziehungsweise Tiefe von 8 m bis 25 m hat; und diese Innenfront einen freien, im Wesentlichen leeren, sich vom Baugrund bis zum Zenit des Gebäudes erstreckenden Innenraum (Atrium) begrenzt, dessen Volumen mehr als 30% des von der Außenfassade umschlossenen Gebäudevolumens ausmacht.

Starting from a multi-storey building,
with a closed external facade,
which is attached to a structure with annular floors,
wherein a virtual, vertically oriented longitudinal axis is assignable to this building,
the solution according to the invention above object is characterized in that
this structure is essentially constructed:

• - of several, more or less strongly inclined to the longitudinal axis, peripheral nuclei;
• - From a number of first floor slabs, which are non-positively connected to these peripheral cores, which at least partially enforce their core cross sections in modified form, and form together with the so interspersed core sections closed support rings of the structure; and
• - Of a plurality of, arranged between adjacent peripheral cores supports, which support one or more, first floor slabs) in the region of its outer periphery on the ground;

so that peripheral cores, support rings and columns together form a slender, monolithic structure; and
these first floor ceilings

• - closed, about a circle, an oval, an ellipse, a regular or irregular polygon or derived therefrom and / or forms composed thereof, around the longitudinal axis arranged around annular surfaces form; extending between the exterior facade and an interior front of the building; and
• - Have a minimum annular surface, which has a width or depth of 8 m to 25 m in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis; and this interior front confines a free, substantially empty interior space (atrium) extending from the ground to the zenith of the building, the volume of which accounts for more than 30% of the building volume enclosed by the external facade.

The building footprint may be bounded by a circle, an oval, an ellipse, a regular or irregular polygon, or shapes derived therefrom and / or composed thereof. The size of the building surface is not particularly limited; Preferably, the building surface can be 10,000 m ² to 120,000 m ² . Even more preferred is a building floor area of 20,000 m ² to 80,000 m ² . Thus, high-rise buildings in the inner city area and freestanding skyscrapers in the outdoor area can be built, which typically have a building height of at least about 200 m and are provided with a large closed atrium. The peripheral cores are located in the outer area of the building, adjacent to its outer facade. This leaves plenty of free space in the interior of the building's floor, which can be used for other purposes.

Since size and outline of the building base are not particularly limited, problematic areas can be built on the building according to the invention, on which square or rectangular building footprints are difficult to achieve.

The height of the building according to the invention is not particularly limited; Preferably, a building height in the range of 120 m to 800 m can be provided. Even more preferred is a building height in the range of 150 m to 400 m. This allows buildings with a distinctive, distinctive silhouette to be built, allowing a high and versatile use of the building's floor space.

The structure of the building according to the invention is constructed according to the cone principle. The load of the floor slabs is introduced in, with respect to the vertical inclined support elements (cores and columns), which remove this load mainly under pressure in the ground. This allows for slender cores and columns. Typically, the building according to the invention tapers continuously from the base to the zenith of the building. In the zenith of the building is a top support ring, on which the first cores and supports end and are connected with this non-positively. For example, in a building according to the invention, which is erected on a round or polygonal base with a diameter of 200 m, this uppermost support ring can be located at a height of 300 m and have an inner diameter of at least 15 m. If these cores and supports are designed to be straight throughout over their entire length, these cores and supports have an inclination of less than 90 ° relative to the horizontal. In the building according to the invention, these cores and supports extend in a direction which is inclined relative to the horizontal preferably in an angular range of 60 ° to 84 °; even more preferred is such an inclination in an angular range of 72 ° to 80 °. This allows for a slim, efficient exterior structure that includes a large atrium.

The peripheral cores can be aligned straight from their foundation in the ground to the top support ring and with the same inclination with respect to the virtual vertical longitudinal axis. It is a regular, largely rotationally symmetrical with respect to the vertical longitudinal axis building structure obtained. Lift systems and other development facilities within the cores can be realized relatively easily. However, such a regular building structure is not mandatory.

The multi-storey building according to the invention can also have a supporting structure in which a peripheral core, or a plurality of peripheral cores or all peripheral cores, is / are bent once or several times. In this case, each peripheral core consists of two or more straight core sections, and adjacent core sections have a different inclination with respect to the virtual, vertical longitudinal axis. In this case, individual core portions of a given peripheral core may also have an inclination greater than 90 ° with respect to the vertical longitudinal axis, as long as it remains ensured that the substantial orientation of this given core over its entire length an inclination relative to the horizontal in the range of 60 ° to 84 ° having. Such a building structure with multiple kinked peripheral cores is described below with Example 2; compare also 12 , Such a structure with kinked cores requires a more complex structural design and a more complex static and dynamic calculation and causes higher costs, but also allows greater freedom and latitude in terms of building design. It can be realized distinctive buildings with an independent silhouette and exterior facade.

For a particularly tall and slender building according to the invention, an overall inclination can be achieved one or more peripheral cores are provided in an angular range of 78 ° to 84 °.

The building according to the invention comprises at least three peripheral cores serving the purpose of opening, which extend from the subsoil to the uppermost supporting ring. Alternatively, for a building according to the invention, which is to be erected on an irregularly limited building base, also five and even more, for example up to eight peripheral cores are provided. In addition, a plurality of supports for direct support of the floor slabs on the outer periphery is present. Cores and columns are ever built in foundations, which are arranged along the circumference of the building base in the ground. Relatively simple foundations of limited size and weight are sufficient. Even if quite a number of foundations are needed, their erection is easier and less expensive than the priming and securing of a compact and large foundation for a conventional skyscraper.

The supporting structure of the building according to the invention comprises on the virtual, central, vertically oriented longitudinal axis to inclined peripheral cores and supports, as well as closed support rings, which are non-positively connected to these cores and supports at the crossing points. Despite the substantially frusto-conical design, a slim, monolithic, self-stabilizing external structure can be created, which has high stability, and which withstand heights of 400 to 500 m expected side wind loads. The support rings are formed by annular self-supporting floors ceilings of limited depth, the load is removed via the inclined cores and columns in the ground. Above all, pressure loads occur, which increases the efficiency of the structure.

Inside the building - in the sense of an atrium - a large, empty, column-free, closed interior realized, which extends from the ground to the top support ring in the zenith of the building. The volume of this interior makes up more than 30% and preferably more than 40% of the building's volume, which is limited by the external facade. Particularly preferred is an atrium volume, which accounts for more than 50% of the building volume. To the knowledge of the inventors named herein, such a large interior space has not hitherto been realized in a multi-storey building mainly intended for residential use and possibly also for office and administrative use. This interior is illuminated by a translucent upper end of the building resting on the uppermost support ring and natural daylight through translucent sections of the outer façade. As will be explained in more detail below, an arrangement of modular use units is provided on the individual floor slabs whose volume does not completely fill the building shell. Rather, daylight can pass through translucent sections of the outer facade and the inner front of the building into the interior and there contribute to the exposure. Also, the utilization units oriented towards the interior front can receive natural daylight that is incident on the building's summit.

The large open space, which extends from the building ground to the building's center, creates a large volume of air that can be delimited from the outside environment. The air in this delimitable air volume can be controlled, for example, in terms of temperature, humidity, ion content, composition (oxygen content!), Absence of germs and other pollutants and odors. In the vertical direction, different climate zones can be set up and maintained, including adapted planting. The large volume of air can serve as a buffer and promote the balance between different influences (on the one hand heat on the surfaces facing the sun, on the other hand cold on the opposite surfaces). Even in dense metropolitan areas of megacities and in sparsely populated areas with harsh climates, a healthy and natural living space for people can be created under conditions that are as sustainable as possible.

In the interior, the temperature, humidity, purity and quality (even absence of pathogens) of the air can be controlled. Within the building, the most natural climate possible can be set. The atrium serves as a buffer in the air conditioning to the outside environment. An energetically economical heating and cooling concept for the building can be realized.

The large atrium inside the building creates a public space for social, communicative and cultural contacts of residents, users and visitors. Within the atrium can be created on the ground a natural environment with trees and landscaped landscape (hills, small mountains, water bodies, streams and the like) including green areas and sports facilities. In this atrium a noise and noise development can be minimized. A peaceful area can be created where people feel comfortable, even if the building is built in an area otherwise characterized by a harsh natural and / or social climate.

Advantageous embodiments, embodiments and further developments of the building according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In addition to their contribution to the stability of the structure, the cores have above all development function. The peripheral cores form reinforced concrete executed hollow body, in which elevators, staircases, escape routes, supply and disposal lines and other building services are housed. The cores may have circular, square, rectangular or other polygonal cross-section. Typically, the maximum cross-sectional dimension is 20 meters to 30 meters. For example, cores of rectangular cross section may be provided which has a width (in the ring direction) of 15 m and a depth (in the radial direction) of 20 m.

Rectangular cores are typically aligned with their longitudinal direction to the virtual central vertical longitudinal axis.

In the cores are walls and ceilings. The arrangement of the walls forms shafts for elevators, building services and stairs. The horizontal ceilings stretch between the walls of the cores and serve as platforms for the staircases. These ceilings are located on the same level as adjacent storey ceilings outside the cores (ceiling-level connection) and allow stepless access to such floors. Such ceilings continue in modified form the adjacent, non-positively connected to the cores bullet ceilings, so as to create closed support rings.

The peripheral cores can be arranged at equal distances from each other along the circumference of the building base. Such substantially equal distances promote efficient load transfer. Alternatively, quite different distances can be provided between adjacent peripheral cores of a building according to the invention; for example, in a building with more than four peripheral cores erected on an irregularly limited building surface. Between adjacent cores, the floors and support rings are supported by the supports on the ground. Between two adjacent cores, a very different number of supports can be provided according to need and distance. For larger distances between two adjacent cores, the support of the floor slabs and support ring sections can be ensured with a larger number of supports, even if they have only a limited cantilever span.

The number of cores and the maximum distance between two adjacent cores shall be determined by the applicable regulatory requirements for the maximum permissible length of an escape route. In Europe, this maximum length is 50 m. In this case, the maximum distance between two adjacent cores on each level of the floors shall not exceed 100 m. With regard to the overall impression of the building, a maximum distance between two adjacent cores is preferably provided on the ground of 60 m to 150 m. Particularly preferred here is such a maximum distance of 80 m to 120 m. Cores do not provide usable space, and one will try to get by with as few cores as possible.

The building according to the invention tapers with increasing height. Consequently, the support rings located in the middle or higher building height have a smaller circumference than the support ring adjacent to the ground.

Consequently, first cores are present, which extend from one foundation in the ground to a top support ring in the zenith of the building; and there are other, second cores, which extend from a foundation in the ground to a support ring located in the middle or higher building height. These second cores meet the requirements for the maximum permissible length of the escape route on this located in middle or higher building height Tragringen. Consequently, it is not necessary that these second support rings extend over the entire building height.

For reasons of statics and stability, the building according to the invention has at least three first cores.

Preferably, it is provided that these first and second cores are designed to be rectilinear over their entire length, or within this entire length one or more kinks) and are executed in a straight line between such kinks. The straight-line design of the cores and the core sections between two kinks facilitates the installation of lifts and their operation.

Also in the case of cores having one or more kinks, each rectilinear portion of such cores is oriented so that its direction with the horizontal preferably includes an angle in the range of 60 ° to 84 °; even more preferably includes such an angle of 72 to 80 °. As a result, a large atrium can be realized within a building with a slim, efficient exterior structure.

Between each two adjacent cores a number of supports are arranged. These supports are arranged along the circumference of the building base. Preferably, adjacent supports are arranged on the ground each at a distance of 12 m to 25 m from each other. The task of these columns is to derive the weight of the floor slabs into the ground. With a certain constructive effort, self-supporting floor slabs of a span of up to 25 m can be bridged. Floors made of reinforced concrete typically reach spans up to 10 m. In steel / reinforced concrete composite projectile floors typically reach spans of about 10 m to 20 m. Even larger spans up to about 25 m are possible, but require more complex supporting structures. The maximum possible distance between two adjacent columns depends on the type of floor slabs and their supporting structure.

Preferably, these supports are made of grade S 355 steel or higher, or of a steel / concrete composite with such a steel. Steels of this quality have proven themselves in high-rise construction and can also be used in the building according to the invention. Supports made of such materials may typically have a thickness of 250 mm to 1,000 mm, depending on the force to be received and the maximum length of such support.

The orientation of these columns follows the orientation of the adjacent cores. Consequently, these supports can be designed to be straight over their entire length, or these supports have one or more kink (s) over their entire length and are then executed in a straight line between these kinks.

These supports are only provided where they carry the weight of the floor slabs or the support ring located between the cores and must be removed into the ground. Consequently, first supports are present, which extend from a foundation in the ground up to a top support ring in the zenith of the building. Furthermore, other, second supports are present, which extend from one foundation in the ground to a support ring located in the middle or higher building height and are arranged on this support ring at least at a distance of 10 m from each other. An even smaller distance between two adjacent columns is not expedient for economic reasons, because the self-supporting span of a floor slab section may be at least 10 m.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, additional third supports may be present, which emanate from a support ring on which one or more second core (s) end, and further from there extend upward. Such third supports then take over the load transfer of the second nuclei no longer present in this area of the building height.

The above-mentioned peripheral cores and the supports are frictionally connected to support rings. The support rings pass through the cores in a suitable, modified form. With the help of these core sections closed support rings are created, which surround the entire building structure at its outer periphery. The cores, the columns and these closed support rings together form a monolithic structure for the building. The support ring sections located between the cores also simultaneously form first floor slabs which form annular surfaces arranged around the longitudinal axis, which follow a circle, an oval, an ellipse, a regular or irregular polygon or shapes derived therefrom and / or thereof. These support rings or these first floor slabs form a minimum annular surface, which in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis has a width or depth of 8 m to 25 m. Preferably, such a depth of 12 m to 20 m is provided here. Such a width or depth can be spanned by the self-supporting floor slab without particularly elaborate support structures.

Preferably, these support rings or first floor slabs are formed in conventional steel composite construction and have primary and secondary composite steel support on which a trapezoidal sheet rests on which in turn rests a minimum ring surface forming reinforced concrete ceiling, which then forms the first floor ceiling.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are primary, longitudinally oriented radially oriented composite steel beams each having an inner end and an outer end. The outer end of these primary radially oriented composite steel beams is supported on a support, and the inner end of these primary radially oriented composite steel beams is suspended from a tension member, which in turn is hinged further above the same support. This construction avoids additional supports on the inner periphery of the first floor slabs. Different alignments can be provided for these tension elements. In one embodiment, individual tension members may be substantially vertically aligned; see. about the following 13 and 14 , In this case, an angle between the tension element and support or Column section can be provided in the range of about 12 ° to 30 °. Even with relatively long tension elements only relatively narrow floors can be suspended and supported.

More preferred is an embodiment in which the articulation point of such a tension element on the support concerned chosen so that - depending on the depth of the minimum annular surface of the first floor ceiling - between the affected support and the tension element an angle in the range of 45 ° to 70 ° is obtained. Such an angle in the range of 48 ° to 64 °, in particular such an angle of about 60 °, is particularly preferred here. Even with relatively wide floor slabs and relatively short tension elements so optimal introduction of the weight of the first floor slabs can be obtained in the support.

Furthermore, there are primary, with respect to the virtual central longitudinal axis tangentially oriented steel composite support, which support the reinforced concrete ceiling on the inner circumference and the outer periphery of the minimum annular surface. The outboard, primary tangentially oriented composite steel beams are attached to adjacent columns. The inboard, primary tangentially oriented composite steel beams may be suspended from adjacent tension members and / or secured to associated primary radially oriented composite steel beams.

First storey ceilings may be provided in each horizontal level in which stand-alone units are to be set up. However, this requires a considerable effort, because the construction of the first floors also contributes to the stability of the monolithic structure.

More preferred is therefore an embodiment of the building according to the invention, in which adjacent first floor slabs are arranged one above the other at a distance of 8 m to 40 m. For this case, it is additionally provided that between two adjacent first floor slabs in addition one or more second floor slab (s) is / are used, which is / are formed as a false ceiling (s) and supported on a first ceiling and / or suspended , Lower demands are placed on the stability and self-supporting span of such false ceilings, so that such false ceilings can be created at more economically favorable conditions.

In the event that two adjacent first floor slabs are arranged one above the other at a distance of about 8 m to 40 m, two or more second floor slabs designed as false ceilings can be used between these two first floor slabs, so that the floor height of residential floors usual for residential use of about 2.5 m to 3.0 m is available. Alternatively, multi-level use units can be provided; For example, use units having a height of about 10 m to 12 m, and which are divided once or twice in the horizontal direction (two-storey or three-storey use units).

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the building according to the invention may be integrally formed integrally on the outer circumference and possibly also on the inner circumference of the minimum annular surface of the floors blankable projections, each of which may have a width or depth up to about 4 m. Such protrusions will typically be supported on extensions of the primary radially oriented composite steel beams and may additionally be supported on optional further steel composite beams. With these overhangs, the useful usable area of the floor slabs can be extended in certain areas.

In particular, such protrusions on the outer circumference of the floor slabs serve to create attachment points for the attachment of a largely freely designable exterior facade of the building.

This exterior facade should typically be closed to protect the utility rooms within the building from rain, snow, dust and other contamination. Preferably, this outer facade is designed to be translucent in large parts. For these translucent surfaces are typically slices of glass, polycarbonate or (meth) acrylate (Plexiglas) into consideration.

A special feature of the building according to the invention is that in this way a wider scope for the design of the outer facade is created. The exterior facade does not necessarily follow strictly the alignment of the cores and columns, but may differ. With the outer facade known silhouettes and profiles can be reproduced recognizable and comprehensible. For example, the idea is to use the outer facade to reproduce a well-known mountain massif in Switzerland. Such an external facade can be produced from facade elements, as they are typically used in high-rise construction.

The first cores and the first supports end at an uppermost support ring, which is located in the zenith of the building. On this uppermost support ring rests a closed trained upper Building completion. This upper termination may be in the form of a point, a dome, a dome, a dome, and the like. Preferably, this upper end is translucent in large parts, in order to achieve in this way an exposure of the atrium within the building. To ensure sufficient light, this top support ring should have at least an inner diameter of 10 m; even better is a top support ring with an inside diameter of about 15 m.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to drawings; the latter show:

1 schematically the distribution of forces on a cone;

2 from 1 derived structural structure for a building with cores, columns and supporting rings;

3 in a schematic perspective view of a concretization of 2 derived support structure for a building;

4 the end 3 derived building, which is provided with a schematically indicated outer facade;

5a . 5b and 5c - In a schematic representation - after a base for a building 4 ;

6a . 6b and 6c the from the bases after 5a . 5b and 5c each deductible minimum floor space;

7 schematically a section of a floor slab with associated support structure;

8a schematically in a side view the connection of a steel beam to a support;

8b and 8c schematically in a side view the suspension of a steel beam to a tension element;

9a and 9b various states in the construction of a building according to the invention;

10 based on a schematic sectional view of an inventive building;

11 on the basis of a schematic oblique view, another, according to Example 1 available building according to the invention;

12 on the basis of a schematic oblique view still another, according to Example 2 available, inventive building;

13 schematically a sectional view along the section line AA 12 ;

14 in greater detail a detail 13 ; and

15 the minimum floor area, the building after 12 is realized on the, at a height of about 160 m located first support ring.

The 1 shows schematically the load distribution on a cone. Along the conical surface extending upright, relative to the vertical inclined access cores, are attached to which horizontally aligned floors. Horizontal loads are removed from the floors to the cores and derived from this via thrust and axial forces in the foundations. The loads from the dead weight of the floor slabs are removed solely by compressive forces in meridian and ring direction. Bending stresses of the cores are essentially non-existent and would otherwise require much more massive cores.

The 2 shows the implementation of these considerations in a slim, efficient outdoor structure for a skyscraper. The support rings 30 are non-positive and shear-resistant with the cores 10 connected, on foundations 7 rest on the periphery of the building's floor 3 are arranged. It creates a monolithic, self-stabilizing outdoor structure.

• – erste Erschließungskerne 12, die sich vom Fundament 7 bis zum obersten Tragring 38 erstrecken; und
• – zweite Erschließungskerne 13, die sich vom Fundament 7 bis zu einem Tragring 35 in mittlerer Gebäudehöhe erstrecken. Damit kann der Tatsache Rechnung getragen werden, dass bei einem kegelförmigen Gebäude in größerer Gebäudehöhe die vorgeschriebene Länge der Fluchtwege gegebenenfalls auch mit einer geringeren Anzahl an Erschließungskernen realisiert werden kann.

For these development cores 10 various embodiments may be provided; namely

• - first development cores 12 that are different from the foundation 7 to the top support ring 38 extend; and
• - second development cores 13 that are different from the foundation 7 up to a support ring 35 extend in middle building height. Thus, the fact can be taken into account that in a conical building in a larger building height, the prescribed length of the escape routes can optionally be realized with a smaller number of development cores.

The support rings 30 enforce with modified support ring sections 31 in a suitable form also the development cores 10 and form closed bearing rings, which are the inclined cores 10 stabilize. These support rings 30 consist essentially of the actual floor slab 50 and their supporting structure 40 as explained below with reference to the 7 . 8a . 8b and 8c is explained. These closed bearing rings 30 are typically made of steel / reinforced concrete composite and are subjected to pressure under their own weight. This distinguishes this type of structure from all other known structures used for high-rise buildings.

The floor ceilings 50 are typically made of reinforced concrete. Raised concrete ceilings of reasonable dimensions can span up to a maximum of about 10 m without vertical support. Structures made of reinforced concrete with a support structure made of steel composite beams can span dimensions of up to 25 m cantilevered at reasonable cost. This limits the depth of the floors 50 in the radial direction to the virtual, vertical longitudinal axis. Development cores are expensive and do not provide usable space. Consequently, one will try to get along with as few development cores as possible. The maximum distance between two neighboring development cores results from the officially stipulated maximum length of the permissible escape routes. In Europe, this results in a permissible maximum distance between two development cores of 100 m. Consequently, additional support must be provided between two adjacent development cores 20 be provided, the number and distances of the dimensions follows, which the floor ceiling 50 in the tangential direction can span over a maximum of freely bearing. According to the invention, these supports 20 , the annular floors 50 supported on the outer periphery in the vertical direction. Consequently, the alignment of these columns follows 20 the orientation / inclination of the cores 10 , The pillars 20 are typically formed as steel bars or steel profiles and are preferably made of grade S steel 355 or higher. The pillars 20 rest on foundations 8th at the periphery of the building 3 are arranged.

The areas available for residential, office and administrative purposes as well as, where appropriate, for restricted commercial use are located on the circular floor slabs 50 which have a limited depth up to about 25 m. At various points may be outward protrusions 54 and optionally also inwardly directed projections 55 (see below 6a . 6b . 6c . 7 . 8a and 8b ), so that a maximum depth of up to 30 m is available for usable areas. This, to the outer facade 18 The building adjoins a large interior space (atrium) that extends from the building ground to the zenith of the building; The zenith of the building is the uppermost supporting ring 38 considered. According to an important feature of the present invention, the volume of this interior makes up more than 30% of that of the external facade 18 enclosed building volume. The cost of providing this, generally desirable, pacified interior is at least partially offset by savings in the construction of the exterior structure. The conical, monolithic, slender external structure realized in the multi-storey building according to the invention is highly efficient and can be realized at a lower cost than the massive inner cores and their foundations in high-rise buildings of conventional design.

The 3 shows on the basis of a schematic oblique view of an external structure for a building according to the invention. On a polygonal base (here regular pentagon, compare below) 5a ) are on the corresponding foundations 7 five cores 12 built. For example, the building could reach a height of about 200 meters.

As shown, these cores extend 12 from the foundation 7 in the ground 2 to the top support ring 38 ; in this respect, these are the first nuclei 12 , At a height of about 140 m, all cores have 12 a kink on and are then aligned more inclined. Thus, in this example support structure, each first core 12 two straight sections 15 and 15 ' on, each having different inclination relative to the vertical. These different inclinations create degrees of freedom for the largely free design of the outer facade 18 of the building. These cores 12 ends at a top closed support ring 38 , All cores 12 are with this top support ring 38 positively connected. This top supporting ring 38 stabilizes the truncated cone structure. On this top support ring 38 rests an upper building, here the shape of a laterally offset tip 39 Has. The cores 12 have rectangular cross-section and are aligned with their longitudinal side on the virtual, vertical longitudinal axis, which is here indicated by the line "L". This training and arrangement of the cores 12 increases their shear strength and increases the stability of the structure. In practice, the core cross-sections may have external dimensions of about 5 to 15 meters by about 10 meters to 20 meters.

At this structure are between subsoil 2 and the top support ring 38 sixteen more carrying rings 30 provided, each frictionally with the first cores 12 are connected and enforce this partially. Due to the truncated cone structure, these support rings 30 upwards an increasingly smaller scope. In addition, a whole number of supports 20 available. There are first supports 22 that differ from an associated foundation 8th to the top support ring 38 extend and there are non-positively connected to this. Furthermore, there are second supports 23 provided, differing from an associated foundation 8th only up to a support ring 35 extend, which is located in middle building height. Finally, third pillars 24 be present, from a second building core ending in middle building height 13 go out and continue from there upwards, possibly to the top support ring 38 ; see. this too 11 ,

The 4 schematically shows a building according to the invention. To complete the structure is after 3 with an external facade 18 been provided. As shown, this exterior facade exists 18 essentially of flat, triangular, plate-shaped facade units 18 ' . 18 '' . 18 ' etc., in the horizontal as well as in the vertical direction of the outwardly extending projections 54 on the floors 50 be worn. These facade units 18 ' . 18 '' . 18 ' consist predominantly of transparent material, such as glass, polycarbonate or (meth) acrylate (Plexiglas). The same applies to the top 39 of the building.

The 5a . 5b and 5c show - in schematic representation - alternative base areas 3 . 3 ' and 3 '' of the building according to the invention. Every footprint 3 . 3 ' . 3 '' is of a surface perimeter 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' limited. In 5a is this area perimeter 4 pentagonal; in 5b circular and in

5c rather irregularly composed of round sections and with re-entrant saddle-shaped sections 5 . 5 ' and 5 '' Mistake. The on these bases 3 . 3 ' and 3 '' built cores are based only on their core cross-sections 11 indicated. You can see these core cross sections 11 within the respective building ground 3 . 3 ' or 3 '' in their peripheral area adjacent to their surface perimeter 4 . 4 ' respectively 4 '' , Due to this arrangement, the development cores become 10 of the building according to the invention also referred to as "peripheral cores".

The 6a . 6b and 6c show - each in schematic representation - alternative floors 52 . 52 ' and 52 '' on a building according to the invention. Obviously, these floors develop 52 . 52 ' and 52 '' from the respective building ground 3 . 3 ' and 3 '' out and follow their area perimeter 4 . 4 ' or 4 '' (compare the 5a . 5b and 5c ). Every floor 52 . 52 ' or 52 '' has a customized minimum ring area 53 . 53 ' respectively 53 '' which has in the radial direction of the virtual vertical longitudinal building axis "L" to a width or depth of 8 m to 25 m. Every floor 52 . 52 ' or 52 '' can additionally with integrally molded projections 54 . 54 ' and 54 '' respectively 55 . 55 ' and 55 '' be provided. The projections 54 . 54 ' and 54 '' extend over the outer circumference of the minimum annular surfaces 53 . 53 ' and 53 '' to the outside and serve mainly as attachment points for attaching the outer facade 18 , The projections 55 . 55 ' and 55 '' extend over the inner circumference of the minimum ring surfaces 52 . 52 ' and 52 '' inside and expand in a particular case the usable area.

Also in the 6a . 6b and 6c are the development cores 10 only on the basis of their core cross sections 11 indicated. The floor ceilings 50 . 50 ' respectively 50 '' or the supporting rings 30 are force-fit with these development cores 10 connected and enforce this in a suitable form in the form of modified support ring sections 31 , The one core cross-section 11 enforcing section of a carrying ring 30 is schematically with the reference numeral 31 indicated. Between two adjacent development cores are the support rings 30 in addition to supports 20 supported.

The 7 shows on the basis of a schematic oblique view a section of a first floor ceiling 50 and their supporting structure consisting of a structure of steel composite beams. Two first supports 20 and 20 ' are arranged at a distance of about 18 m from each other. It is a first primary beam formed radially with respect to the virtual longitudinal axis "L" 41 present, the opposite ends 41 ' and 41 '' Has. The steel beam end 41 ' is articulated with the prop 20 connected, and the steel beam end 41 '' is on a tension element 25 hung up the top of the same support 20 is articulated. Similarly, a second, radially oriented, primary composite steel beam 42 on the adjacent column 20 ' attached. These composite steel beams 41 . 42 for example, have a length of about 12 m here. Further, an outer primary beam is tangentially oriented with respect to the virtual longitudinal axis "L" 43 present, at the two supports 20 and 20 ' is attached. Parallel and in the distance is an inner primary steel beam 44 arranged on the two tension elements 25 and 25 ' is suspended. Steel girders directly connected to the columns or hangers are referred to herein as primary steel girders. Steel girders, which are not directly connected to the columns or hangers but span between the primary steel girders, are referred to herein as secondary steel girders. Such secondary steel beams may extend in the radial direction or in the tangential direction. In 7 are radially oriented secondary steel beams 45 shown between the primary steel girders 43 and 44 tighten. The radially oriented primary steel beams 41 . 42 , the tangentially oriented steel beams 43 . 44 and the secondary steel beams 45 are arranged so that the upper side of the flanges of all steel profiles are at the same height. On the resulting plane defined by the top of the primary and secondary steel beams is a trapezoidal sheet 46 hung up. Conventional trapezoidal sheet typically has a maximum span of about 4.5 m. This span defines the distance between the secondary steel girders 45 , On this trapezoidal sheet 46 is applied in a conventional manner, a reinforced concrete layer, the floor slab 50 serves. The non-positive connection between the steel girders and the Ortbetondecke via top dowels 47 whose head is embedded in the concrete layer and whose foot is bolted or welded to the top of the steel girders.

The 8a shows a detail of a schematic side view of the attachment of the support structure for a floor ceiling 50 on a prop 20 , The radially oriented (primary) steel beam 41 is articulated to the prop 20 appropriate. In the articulation point is also the head of a tension element 25 hinged, on which a further support structure for a - not shown - underneath floor slab is suspended. An arrangement is realized in which the lines of gravity of the column, primary steel beams and tension element meet at a single point. At the outer end 41 ' of the steel beam 41 is in steel composite construction an extension piece or a projection 54 appropriate. This overhang 54 widens the contact surface for the floor slab 50 and creates attachment points for the attachment of the facade elements of the outer facade. For the support made of trapezoidal sheet metal 46 and concrete layer can typically be provided a layer thickness of 160 to 200 mm. The steel beam consisting of a rolled section (S 355) 41 may be formed as a double-T profile and typically have a height of 500 to 800 mm.

The 8b shows a fragmentary schematic side view of the suspension of the support structure for a floor ceiling 50 on a tension element or trailer 25 , On the upper steel plate of the double T-section of the steel girder 41 is - with its web plate aligned - one as an anchor piece 48 welded steel plate or screwed using appropriate angle pieces. The anchor piece 48 has a hole through which a steel bolt 49 (For example, with a diameter of 100 to 250 mm) is performed. Two parallel and spaced steel plates 28 . 28 ' are on the one hand in the end section 27 of the tension element 25 used, embrace the other hand, the anchor piece 48 and form an abutment for the steel bolt 49 , It becomes a hinged suspension of the steel girder 41 on the round steel profile (for example, with a diameter of 200 to 400 mm) of the tension element 25 created. At the inner end 41 '' of the steel beam 41 can - as shown - in steel composite construction an extension piece or a projection 55 be attached, which is a support surface for a broadening of the floor ceiling 50 forms in the area of the inner facade of the building.

The building according to the invention has a number of in 7 illustrated first floor ceilings 50 on. The distance between two adjacent stacked first floors can be, for example 8 to 40 m. In addition - not shown - second floor slabs may be present, which are arranged supported on such first floor slabs, or are arranged hanging on such first floor slabs.

The 9a and 9b show different states in the construction of the building according to the invention. First, the base area 3 prepared for the building. If necessary, in the ground 2 Built basements, for example, to accommodate underground garages, parking decks and other transport routes, also for receiving reservoirs for water and the like, continue to accommodate other utilities, here as well as for a block power plant to generate electricity, heating steam and hot water to supply the Nutzzeinheiten. Then the foundations become 7 for the development cores 10 and the foundations 8th for the supports 20 poured or built. On the foundations 7 becomes with the construction of the inclined development cores 10 started, as in 9a shown. After a sufficient height of, for example, about 15 m of the inclined development cores 10 is reached, the lowest support ring 32 built and confiscated. This stabilizes the inclined cores 10 against an inward bending stress. This is a first stabilization of the inclined development cores 10 achieved, and the construction of the development cores 10 can be continued. Parallel to this is the extension of the columns 20 performed by own foundations 8th out. On the lowest support ring 32 becomes the next higher support ring 34 built. Each support ring 32 . 34 If possible, close first before starting to build the next higher support ring. This allows a fast construction sequence, since it allows the geometry that can be worked on several support rings simultaneously. If a support ring is closed, the floor slab resting on it can be completed and then serves as a platform for the construction of the next higher floor.

After a number of storey ceilings have been completed, utility units are set up and connected to the utility lines in the building. It is intended here to offer a limited number of different usages, ranging in size of the floor space, height and multi-level usage, type of use, over one or more floor (s) extending, arrangement in a certain building height, orientation to a certain direction and the like. The customer / user can first select the usage unit that suits his wishes and needs. These use units can be temporally parallel but spatially removed from the building to be built and transported in the form of complete units or larger Nutzzeinheitkomponenten to the building site and placed there on the desired position of the desired floor ceiling. This promotes the construction and rapid completion of the building, as can be worked in different places. It is intended to establish these benefits as singular bodies. A sufficient distance should be left between two adjacent utility units to avoid mutual noise pollution, to provide space for individual planting and / or other individual design, and to allow adequate exposure of the interior space to natural daylight.

After a number of storey ceilings have been provided with the use units to be set up there, they begin with the attachment of the outer facade. The outer facade can be created in conventional construction of conventional facade elements. Because the exterior facade does not have to fulfill any supporting or supporting function of the building, there is great freedom in the design of the exterior facade. Facade elements are preferably to be used which consist predominantly of transparent, translucent material in order to achieve adequate exposure of the large interior in the building with natural daylight. In this way, an inventive, multi-storey building can be gradually created, as shown by a schematic sectional view in 10 is shown. The reference numbers used herein have the meaning defined above. The units are indicated by the reference numeral 60 designated.

EXAMPLES

The following examples serve to further illustrate the present invention without limiting its scope, which is defined solely by the appended claims.

Example 1:

On a circular base with a diameter of 200 m, a 300 m high building is built; as it is schematic in 11 is shown. Foundations for six development cores are created at equal intervals on the periphery of the base area. Three first development cores 12 extend from these foundations to a top support ring 38 in a building height of 270 m. Between every two first development cores 12 is ever a second development core 13 From its foundation in the subsoil to a support ring located at an average building height of about 130 m 35 extends, ends at this and is positively connected thereto. From this building height, the maximum length of the officially required escape routes is also without the second development cores terminating there 13 respected.

These development cores 12 . 13 are rectilinear over their entire length, and their longitudinal direction includes an angle of 72 ° with the horizontal. The development cores have a rectangular cross section with external dimensions of 15 m × 20 m and are aligned with their longitudinal side in the direction of the virtual building longitudinal axis. Inside, the development cores provide space for elevators, escape routes, supply and disposal lines, stairs and other building services.

Between the subsoil and the uppermost support ring 38 There are 21 additional bearing rings 30 intended. These support rings 30 are arranged one above the other at regular intervals of 9.5 m. Each support ring consists of a support structure of steel girders and a composite steel reinforced concrete slab, as described in greater detail above with reference to FIGS 7 . 8a . 8b and 8c described. The steel composite beams of the supporting structure have a thickness of 650 mm; the reinforced concrete ceiling has a thickness of 160 mm. The support rings, which are designed in a composite steel construction, are non-positively connected with the development cores and penetrate them with parts of their supporting structure. In the area of the cores, the support rings have openings for lifts, staircases and the like. Overall, closed support rings are created, which are monolithic and non-positively connected to the cores.

The floor slabs resting on the support rings have a depth of 10 m in the radial direction. On its outer periphery, the supporting structure of the floor slab is on upright steel columns 20 held between adjacent cores at intervals of 18 m to 22 m from each other. First supports 22 extend from a foundation in the ground to the top support ring 38 , Second supports 23 extend from a foundation in the subsoil to a support ring located in the middle building height 35 and are spaced there at a distance of 12 m from each other. Third supports 24 extend from the second building core ending in middle building height 13 to the top support ring 38 , These columns are steel bars or steel profiles, which - depending on the load to be removed - can have a thickness of 250 mm to 1000 mm. Preferably, steel of grade S355 or higher is used here.

On its inner circumference, the supporting structure of the floor slabs is hung on diagonally extending steel tension elements, which are articulated higher on the said supports. Typically, these tension members have a length of about 14 m. The connection of the tension elements to these supports, and the connection of the supports to the steel composite construction of the floor surfaces by means of conventional, common in building construction connection details, such as together with the 8a . 8b and 8c explained.

The entire finished building is encased in a closed outer facade, which is made up of individual façade elements. Preference is given here facade elements with large transparent surfaces of glass or polycarbonate. This external facade is attached to a support structure, which in turn is attached to the outer periphery of the support rings and the peripheral development cores, and which may have a variable depth of about 0.5 m to 5 m. Because the outer facade does not have a supporting function, there is great freedom of design here.

The inner circumference of the support rings / floors defines an interior front of the building. This interior front limits a largely empty interior space in the building, which extends from the possibly built up with smaller units base to the top support ring. In the present case, the building volume bounded by the outer facade is about 3.1 × 10 ⁶ m ³ , and the interior space defined within the building has a volume of about 2.5 × 10 ⁶ m ³ . On the top support ring 38 rests a conical building top 39 , which has a circumference of about 30 m at the base, and which has a height of 40 m. Also this tip consists of largely transparent facade elements.

The building thus available is with reference to a schematic oblique view 11 shown. The reference numerals used herein have the meaning defined above.

Example 2:

On an irregularly limited, essentially oval base area, a 450 m high building is built, which is schematically with 12 is shown. At the periphery of the base, the outline of which essentially follows the outline of the minimum ring surface 15 follows, foundations for five development cores are formed at equal intervals 12 generated. All development cores 12 extend from these foundations to a top support ring 38 in a building height of 435 m.

All development cores 12 are executed repeatedly kinked over their entire length. Viewed over the entire length, the longitudinal direction of these access cores encloses an angle of approximately 78 ° to 84 ° with the horizontal, although the inclination of some straight core sections with respect to the horizontal is more than 90 °. The development cores have rectangular cross section with external dimensions of 15 m × 20 m and are aligned with their longitudinal side in the radial direction to the virtual building longitudinal axis. Inside, the development cores provide space for elevators, escape routes, supply and disposal lines, stairs and other building services.

Between the subsoil and the uppermost support ring 38 are ten more support rings 30 intended. These support rings 30 are arranged one above the other at regular intervals of 40 m. Between every two adjacent superimposed carrying rings 30 three false ceilings have moved in; about level 17 . 18 and 19 in 14 , Each support ring 30 consists of a supporting structure and a reinforced concrete floor slab thereon, as described above with reference to FIGS 7 . 8a . 8b and 8c explained. The steel composite beams of the supporting structure have a thickness of 650 mm; the reinforced concrete ceiling has a thickness of 160 mm. The support rings, which are designed in a composite steel construction, are non-positively connected with the development cores and penetrate them with parts of their supporting structure. In the area of the cores, the support rings have openings for lifts, staircases and the like. Overall, closed support rings are created, which are monolithic and non-positively connected to the cores.

The floor slabs resting on the support rings have a variable depth in the radial direction of between about 14 m and 20 m. On the lowest supporting ring located at a building height of 40 m (level 4 off 14 ) is a floor ceiling whose minimum ring area with 15 is shown. This minimum ring area is about 9,500 m ² . It is intended on this minimum ring surface in an axial distance of 10 to 30 m set up freestanding units. In this way, about 300 to 900 units can be accommodated throughout the building.

On its outer circumference is the supporting structure of the floors on upright steel columns 22 . 23 held between neighboring nuclei 12 arranged at intervals of 18 m to 22 m from each other. With these supports 22 . 23 they are steel bars or steel profiles which - depending on the load to be removed - can have a thickness of 250 mm to 1000 mm. Preferably, steel of grade S355 or higher is used here.

On its inner circumference is the supporting structure of the floor slabs on diagonal tension elements 25 suspended from steel, which are hinged higher on the said supports. 13 shows that floor slabs of different depths can be realized. Floor slabs with greater depth are suspended on highly inclined tension elements, which form an angle of approximately 45 ° with the direction of the associated column section. Floor slabs of lesser depth may be suspended from almost vertically oriented tension members; see. also 14 , With 14 an exemplary embodiment of the suspension of floors is shown on such tension elements or Zugdiagonalen. Typically, these tension members have a length of about 40 m. The connection of the tension elements to these supports, and the connection of the supports to the steel composite construction of the floor surfaces is carried out by means of conventional, commonly used in building construction connection details, for example as above with reference to the 8a . 8b and 8c described.

The inner circumference of the support rings / floor slabs defines an interior front of the building, which in the 13 and 14 is referred to as "imaginary lateral surface of the interior". This interior front limits a largely empty interior space in the building, which extends from the possibly built up with smaller units base to the top support ring 38 (at level 44 to 13 ). In the present case, the building volume bounded by the external facade is approximately 15.5 × 10 ⁶ m ³ , and the interior space defined within the building has a volume of approximately 9.3 × 10 ⁶ m ³ . On the top support ring 38 is located - not shown here - closed, translucent building closure, which here, for example, may have the form of a single-ended hood.

The building thus available is with reference to a schematic oblique view 12 shown. The reference numerals used herein have the meaning defined above.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 3791093 A [0003]
• DE 1684427 A1 [0004]
• US6851717 B1 [0005]
• US 6,202,365 B1 [0007]
• DE 1230993 B1 [0008]

Claims (15)

Multi-storey building, with a closed outer facade, which is attached to a supporting structure with annular floor slabs, this building a virtual, vertically oriented longitudinal axis is assignable, characterized in that this structure is essentially constructed: - from several, more or less strong the longitudinal axis to inclined peripheral cores ( 10 . 12 . 13 ); - from a number of first floors ( 50 ), which are frictionally connected to these peripheral cores ( 10 . 12 . 13 ), which in modified form also their core cross-sections ( 11 ) enforce at least partially, and the closed together with the so interspersed core sections supporting rings ( 30 . 32 . 34 . 35 . 38 ) of the structure; and - from a plurality of, between adjacent peripheral cores ( 10 . 12 . 13 ) arranged supports ( 20 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) containing one or more first floors (s) ( 50 ) in the area of its outer periphery on the ground ( 2 ) are supported; so that peripheral cores ( 10 . 12 . 13 ), Bearing rings ( 30 . 32 . 34 . 35 . 38 ) and supports ( 20 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) together form a slender, monolithic outdoor structure; these first floors ( 50 ) - closed, approximately around a circle, oval, ellipse, regular or irregular polygon or derived therefrom and / or forms thereof composed form around the longitudinal axis arranged around annular surfaces; - located between the outer facade ( 18 ) and an interior front of the building; and - the minimum ring area ( 53 . 53 ' . 53 '' ) having in the radial direction to this virtual longitudinal axis "L" a width or depth of 8 to 25 m; and this inner front a free, substantially empty, from the ground to the top support ring ( 38 ) of the building extending interior space (atrium), the volume of which is more than 30% of that of the external facade ( 18 ) enclosed building volume. Multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that first peripheral cores ( 12 ), each of which has a foundation ( 7 ) in the ground ( 2 ) up to an uppermost support ring ( 38 ) extend in the zenith of the building; and other, second peripheral cores ( 13 ), each depending on a foundation ( 7 ) in the ground ( 2 ) up to a supporting ring located in the middle or higher building height ( 35 ). Multi-storey building according to claim 2, characterized in that at least three first peripheral cores ( 12 ) available. Multi-storey building according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that adjacent peripheral cores ( 10 . 12 . 13 ) on the ground ( 2 ) are arranged at a distance of 60 to 150 m, preferably at a distance of 80 to 120 m from each other. Multi-storey building according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the supports ( 20 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) Form steel bars or steel profiles made of grade S355 steel or higher; or that the supports ( 20 . 22 . 23 24 ) consist of a steel / concrete composite with such a steel. Multi-storey building according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each peripheral core ( 10 . 12 . 13 ) and each support ( 20 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) is aligned more or less strongly to the longitudinal axis within an angular range of 60 ° to 84 ° relative to the horizontal. Multi-storey building according to claim 6, characterized in that individual peripheral cores ( 10 . 12 . 13 ) and individual supports ( 20 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) Within this angular range over its entire length straight or simply kinked within this entire length or executed multiple kinked. Multi-storey building according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that adjacent columns ( 20 . 22 . 23 ) on the ground ( 2 ) are each arranged at a distance of 12 to 25 m from each other. Multi-storey building according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that first supports ( 22 ), each of which has a foundation ( 8th ) in the ground ( 2 ) up to an uppermost support ring ( 38 ) extend in the zenith of the building; and others, second supports ( 23 ), each depending on a foundation ( 8th ) in the ground ( 2 ) up to a supporting ring located in the middle or higher building height ( 35 ), and on this support ring ( 35 ) are arranged at least at a distance of 12 m from each other. Multi-storey building according to claim 9, characterized in that in addition third supports ( 24 ), which originate from a second, peripheral core ending in middle or higher building height ( 13 ) and continue to extend upwards. Multi-storey building according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the support rings ( 30 . 32 . 34 . 35 . 38 ) are formed in a composite steel construction and consisting of reinforced concrete floor ceiling ( 50 ) on a composite steel beam ( 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 ) existing supporting structure ( 40 ) rests. Multi-storey building according to claim 11, characterized in that primary, radially with respect to the virtual longitudinal axis "L" oriented steel composite support ( 41 . 42 ), each having an outer end ( 41 ' . 42 ' ) as well as an inner end ( 41 '' . 42 '' ) exhibit; the outer end ( 41 ' . 42 ' ) of these primary radially oriented composite steel beams ( 41 . 42 ) hinged to a support ( 20 . 20 ' ) is held; and the inside end ( 41 '' . 42 '' ) of these primary radially oriented composite steel beams ( 41 . 42 ) hinged to a pulling element ( 25 ), which in turn is further above the same support ( 20 . 20 ' ) is articulated. Multi-storey building according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that adjacent first storey ceilings ( 50 ) are arranged one above the other at a distance of 8 to 40 m. Multi-storey building according to claim 13, characterized in that between two adjacent first storey ceilings ( 50 ), in addition one or more second floor slab (s) are used, which are designed as false ceilings and on the first floor ceiling ( 50 ) are supported and / or suspended. Multi-storey building according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that on the outer circumference and possibly also on the inner circumference of the minimum annular surface ( 53 . 53 ' . 53 '' ) of the floors ( 50 ) freely configurable projections ( 54 . 55 ) are integrally formed, which can each have a width or depth up to 4 m; and with the over the outer circumference outwardly projecting projections ( 54 ) Attachment points for the attachment of a wide freely designable outer facade ( 18 ) of the building.

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