DE102009027258A1 - Cooling system for use in multifamily house, has heat exchanger arranged in or at reservoir or attached to reservoir for conducting or withdrawing of heat from fluid, where fluid is fed back over outlet to reservoir - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (100) has a reservoir (20) filled with a cooling fluid (22), and a flexible or fixed pipeline (40) for guiding of the fluid from the reservoir over an inlet (42) to photovoltaic modules (10, 10') or solar elements for cooling of the photovoltaic modules or the solar elements. The fluid heated by guides at the photovoltaic modules or the solar elements, is fed back over an outlet (44) to the reservoir. A heat exchanger (30) is arranged in or at the reservoir or attached to the reservoir for conducting or withdrawing of heat from the fluid. An independent claim is also included for a method for cooling of photovoltaic modules or solar elements.

Description

Technical area

The The present invention relates to a cooling for at least a photovoltaic module or solar element cooling system provided and a related method of cooling at least one photovoltaic module or solar element.

State of the art

In commercially available solar thermal systems is solar radiation heated water to a collecting tank with heat exchanger fed. The heated in the heat exchanger Water is then either supplied to the heating system or in the case of separate hot water preparation of hot water heating.

Both Types of supply of heated water are with not inconsiderable installation effort in the house and with additional Regular effort connected, because it is in regulated circles (preselected Temperatures) intervened.

This not inconsiderable expense makes a subsequent installation in already existing heating and hot water systems costly. Just in new plants or new buildings is the extra effort relatively low for such a thermal solar system.

Out For this reason, combination systems that have photovoltaic solar energy generation with Combining thermal solar energy production, so far hardly used found.

The Photovoltaic systems require only one electrical connection for the feed, which is relatively easy to implement is. In addition, the photovoltaic systems for optimal cooling a fast fluid flow and the thermal equipment for a high temperature rise a slow river.

at planar photovoltaic systems are almost conventionally used only air coolers for use; though There are also some designs where the front the photovoltaic modules overflowed by a liquid film becomes. All combination suggestions are however with high mechanical Assembly costs connected and therefore expensive.

From Of great importance is also the cooling of photovoltaic elements in a concentrator system, because of the light concentration flow in concentrator systems generally higher Currents than in planar systems. Since concentrators predominantly tracking systems cooling systems are also problematic here and elaborate.

In It should also be borne in mind that the topic of photovoltaic module cooling will become even more important in the future, because the upcoming reduction of subsidies for Solar systems leads to a financial loss of efficiency, the only by an increase in efficiency in solar power generation itself can be compensated.

The The most effective way of increasing efficiency is cooling the photovoltaic modules, the vast majority of currently installed photovoltaic systems with a back wall air cooling depending on the sunlight exposure at about fifteen Celsius above ambient temperature works.

In the publication DE 101 21 850 A1 From the prior art, a cooling of photovoltaic modules for increasing the power output is disclosed, namely in the form of cooling the photovoltaic modules via a closed cooling water circuit with temperature-controlled circulation pump and with re-cooling in a cold reservoir on cooling coils in the ground or in a body of water. The actual cooling of the modules takes place via a rectangular, attached to the back and filled with water reservoir.

In detail, in the publication DE 101 21 850 A1 a cooling system described in which the cooling of the photovoltaic elements via a circulating cooling liquid with recooling of the heated liquid via bottom snakes or over a body of water.

In The embodiment described becomes a closed fluid circuit described without pressure equalization, which during temperature increase during the operation and associated pressure increase in the cooling system in extreme cases can lead to self-destruction (the coefficient of spatial expansion of water at about twenty degrees Celsius about 0.2 per thousand and leads to a pressure increase in the cooling system, because a liquid is unlike gases not compressible).

• – auf Druckausgleich für temperaturabhängige Druckveränderungen im Kreislauf,
• – darauf, dass auch hermetisch abgeschlossene Systeme Rückschlagventile benötigen, und
• – darauf, dass auch eine temperaturabhängige Kreislaufpumpe, die bei höheren Temperaturen schneller als bei niedrigen Temperaturen pumpt, die vorgenannten Probleme nicht löst.

However, the document goes DE 101 21 850 A1 to various practical implementation problems associated with the design and operation of such a cooling circuit in conventional cooling systems for photovoltaic modules not a, such as

• - to pressure compensation for temperature-dependent pressure changes in the circuit,
• - that even hermetically sealed systems need check valves, and
• - that also a temperature-dependent Circulation pump, which pumps faster at higher temperatures than at low temperatures, does not solve the aforementioned problems.

• – DE 42 06 931 A1 in Form eines sogenannten Solar-Kombimoduls,
• – DE 20 2007 000 529 U1 in Form einer Konzentrator-Photovoltaik-Vorrichtung mit zusätzlicher thermischer Nutzung sowie einer hierauf bezogenen Anlage und
• – DE 20 2007 010 901 U1 in Form eines sogenannten Hybridkollektors offenbart.

Other systems of the prior art are exemplary in the publications

• - DE 42 06 931 A1 in the form of a so-called solar combination module,
• - DE 20 2007 000 529 U1 in the form of a concentrator photovoltaic device with additional thermal utilization and a related plant and
• - DE 20 2007 010 901 U1 disclosed in the form of a so-called hybrid collector.

Illustration of the present invention: Task, solution, benefits

outgoing from the disadvantages and shortcomings set out above and in appreciation of the outlined prior art The present invention is based on the object, a cooling system of the aforementioned type and a method of the aforementioned To develop such a way that with continuous, in particular under Normal pressure successful operation a maximum, preferably Cooling below ambient temperature for increased efficiency the photovoltaic module or solar element is accomplished.

These Task is by a cooling system with the in the claim 1 specified characteristics and by a method with the in the claim 9 specified characteristics solved. Advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the present Invention are characterized in the respective subclaims.

The The present invention is basically based on a photovoltaic fluid or liquid cooling at and below ambient temperature, which leads to an increase in efficiency of about thirty percent.

In Preferably, tap water is used as recooling agent can be used with a temperature between about fifteen Celsius and about twenty degrees Celsius is delivered. Such tap water is thus in the summer in sunlight and at ambient temperatures from about twenty degrees Celsius to about thirty degrees Celsius well below ambient temperature.

The Cooling system according to the present invention Can be done inside or outside without much effort of the house, for example, in the ground, and / or installed in the basement become.

In a building with high (water) consumption [high Water consumption leads to high water flow and thus for good cooling], for example in an apartment building the cooling system according to the present Invention also in an upper floor, in an upper floor or in an upper floor below the photovoltaic modules or Solar elements are installed.

In In this case, it is useful if close to the Reservoirs, in particular the (collecting) compensating basin or (collecting) compensating tank or (collecting) compensating vessel, at least one Water supply is available, with the basin below the photovoltaic modules or solar elements is arranged.

In Similarly, such a cooling system can also at least be connected to a concentrator photovoltaic module.

The Cooling system according to the present invention also allows retrofitting existing planar Photovoltaic systems, for example, by the rear wall the panel modules later with fluid or liquid flowing through Cooling coils or cooling coils are provided, causing the photovoltaic modules at and below ambient temperature can be cooled.

Unlike conventional, for example from the publication DE 101 21 850 A1 known cooling systems, the present invention operates with circulating coolant, in particular with circulating fluid or with circulating liquid, with pressure compensation, especially at atmospheric pressure, preferably at least one reservoir, for example via the equalization / Auffangbassin, and re-cooling via the expansion tank with at least one tap water heat exchanger.

In Appropriately, the reservoir works normally at normal pressure, but can also, in particular with at least one Gas filling, work at a slight overpressure.

According to the invention provided that the pump defines the flow direction, wherein the Check valve prevents draining of the line. For this is either in front of the pump at the end of the inlet or - at Design of the pump as submersible pump - between the pump and the photovoltaic module or solar element, the check valve arranged.

Furthermore, the present invention operates - unlike that of the document DE 101 21 850 A1 known cooling system - essentially unregulated and temperature independent, with pressure compensation and another system for Recooling.

According to one expedient embodiment of the present invention There is a possibility that not with cooling fluid or coolant filled with part Nitrogen fill, so even in the gas-filled Space can be worked with a slight overpressure.

The The present invention is characterized by a variety of advantages out; so will be a maximum cooling of a Photovoltaic system to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic elements achieved. Furthermore, there are no "in-house" installations required; rather, it is a relatively simple and less expensive one Connection possible (comparable to the connection with conventional Photovoltaic systems).

Further allows the present invention a continuous Operation without control circuits, whereby any in the building existing thermal control circuits, such as existing heating and hot water systems, are not affected.

According to the Embodiment of the present invention, the delivery of the heat dissipated by the photovoltaic elements or photovoltaic modules the cooling fluid or the cooling fluid to the externally supplied (tap) water. As the system according to the present invention designed for cooling, are not large volume Water storage, for example, of several hundred liters of water, required.

Independently whether it is a planar photovoltaic system or a Photovoltaic concentrator, is the incident light, in particular from the incoming sunlight, away from the back or bottom the photovoltaic modules connected to the cooling device, wherein for cooling basically all thermal Couplings and conduits as well as convection and radiation contribute can.

In expedient embodiment, the cooling device also the mechanical support for the photovoltaic modules represent.

Becomes considered in this context that according to conventional Denkart in the prior art only a hot water heating was sought, but not to the cooling of the photovoltaic modules was thought, it is questionable that hereby conventionally achieved temperature gain is systemically so low that a Feed into a hot water circuit seems to make little sense.

With the demand for higher efficiency of the photovoltaic systems, the presently proposed invention is a cost-effective solution with low re-employment time, because no usable energy is lost:
The (tap) water is supplied at a temperature of from about fifteen degrees centigrade to about twenty degrees centigrade, especially at a temperature of about eighteen degrees centigrade, and for use in heating and domestic hot water by means of the heat exchanger to a temperature of about 45 degrees Celsius to about fifty degrees Celsius, in particular to a temperature of about 48 degrees Celsius, heated.

The Temperature difference of about thirty degrees Celsius provided by heating energy. However, this means that one Heating the (tap) water by about one degree Celsius a reduction in energy expenditure of about three percent. As a result, with only little (line) water heating significant heating cost reductions can be achieved.

Also when connected to the total tap water consumption of a House the (line) water heating is not always in full Scope is available, it still leads to an energy cost reduction, at least in an integral consideration over a longer period.

The The present invention further relates to a photovoltaic system or solar system, comprising at least one cooling system according to the kind and / or operating according to the method of the above set forth.

The The present invention finally relates to the use at least one cooling system according to set out above and / or a method according to the as stated above, in efficient cooling at least a photovoltaic system or solar system according to the set out above.

Brief description of the drawings

As already discussed above, there are various possibilities for embodying and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, reference is made on the one hand to the claims subordinate to claim 1 and claim 9, on the other hand further embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention will be described below with reference to 1A to 3 illustrated embodiments explained in more detail.

It shows:

1A a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a cooling system according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention;

1B a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a cooling system according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention;

1C a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a cooling system according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention;

1D a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a cooling system according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention;

2A a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module, which is cooled according to the present invention;

2 B in a schematic cross-sectional view of the provided with the cooling photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module 2A ;

2C a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of a photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module, which is cooled according to the present invention;

2D in a schematic cross-sectional view of the provided with the cooling photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module 2C ;

2E in a schematic view of the opposite 2A ninety-degree cooling first embodiment of the photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module;

2F in a schematic view of the opposite 2C ninety-degree cooling second embodiment of the photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module; and

3 in schematic perspective cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a provided with a cover in the form of a cover plate Konzentratorfeld or panel with multiple mirrors planar surface and with rectangular cooling tubes made of aluminum.

Same or similar embodiments, elements or features are in 1A to 3 provided with identical reference numerals.

Best way to execute of the present invention

In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the following explanations concerning the embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention (unless otherwise stated) refer to the four in 1A to 1D illustrated exemplary embodiments of cooling systems 100 . 100 ' . 100 '' . 100 ' according to the present invention; Here is the illustration in 1A to 3 not necessarily to scale and / or function, but is merely illustrative.

The basis 1A to 1D illustrated subject matter aims at a cost-effective and easy to install cooling by means of 2A . 2 B . 2E illustrated photovoltaic elements or photovoltaic modules 10 (= first embodiment) or by reference 2C . 2D . 2F illustrated photovoltaic elements or photovoltaic modules 10 ' (= second embodiment) from.

While in the first embodiment according to the 2A . 2 B that of fluid or fluid 22 flowed through cooling coil or cooling coil 16 the liquid line 40 is of circular or round cross-section, is in the second embodiment according to the 2C . 2D that of fluid or fluid 22 flowed through cooling coil or cooling coil 16 ' the liquid line 40 of rectangular, in particular square cross-section, for example in the form of aluminum square tubes of different dimensions, which may also be close to each other.

In 2E is the photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module 10 out 2A . 2 B rotated by ninety degrees to create a particularly bubble-free flow of coolant 22 to ensure; is corresponding in 2F the photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module 10 ' out 2C . 2D rotated by ninety degrees to create a particularly bubble-free flow of coolant 22 to ensure.

In Reference to the illustrated embodiments is hereby Bear in mind that nowadays conventionally on rooftops mounted photovoltaic modules with a "backside" air cooling work in which there is a gap between the roof and the photovoltaic module is provided so that an air flow can circulate. To this It is achieved that the photovoltaic modules only by about fifteen degrees Celsius from the prevailing ambient temperature heat.

However, warming is already reversing one degree Celsius to a reduction of the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules from about 0.3 percent to about 0.4 percent; when heated by fifteen degrees Celsius, this leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules of about five percent.

There Currently available silicon photovoltaic modules one Efficiency of about fifteen percent to about eighteen Percent, represents a reduction in the efficiency of about five percent (points) a not insignificant loss represents.

By means of the present, based 1A to 3 illustrated invention, a fluid or liquid cooling is realized, by means of which one comes even below the ambient temperature, so that in comparison to the prior art, a high efficiency gain can be achieved. In order to obtain the highest possible efficiency, the cooling fluid or the cooling fluid may 22 do not heat up significantly and should therefore be in constant flux.

• – beim Kühlungssystem 100 gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel (vgl. 1A),
• – beim Kühlungssystem 100' gemäß dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel (vgl. 1B),
• – beim Kühlungssystem 100'' gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel (vgl. 1C) sowie
• – beim Kühlungssystem 100''' gemäß dem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel (vgl. 1D)

die mit hohem Wirkungsgrad arbeitende Kühlung des Kreislaufs – neben den Ausführungselementen wie ungeregelte Pumpe 46, Rückschlagventil 48 und Reservoir 20, insbesondere Ausgleichsbassin, mit Druckausgleich 26 – über einen Wärmetauscher 30 mit Leitungswasser 36.Is accomplished

• - at the cooling system 100 according to the first embodiment (see. 1A )
• - at the cooling system 100 ' according to the second embodiment (see. 1B )
• - at the cooling system 100 '' according to the third embodiment (see. 1C ) such as
• - at the cooling system 100 ' according to the fourth embodiment (see. 1D )

the highly efficient cooling of the circuit - in addition to the execution elements such as unregulated pump 46 , Check valve 48 and reservoir 20 , in particular compensating basin, with pressure equalization 26 - via a heat exchanger 30 with tap water 36 ,

• – ein Fluidreservoir oder Flüssigkeitsbassin (auch Ausgleichsbehälter oder Ausgleichsgefäß genannt) 20 mit Wärmetauscher 30, der Zuleitungen 32 sowie Ableitungen 34 für das Leitungswasser 36 aufweist,
• – zum Zu- bzw. Abtransport von Kühlfluid oder Kühlflüssigkeit 22 zwischen Bassin 20 und Photovoltaikmodul 10 bzw. 10' vorgesehene Zu- bzw. Abführungen 40 in Form flexibler oder fester Fluid-/Flüssigkeitsleitungen, die im Bereich der Photovoltaikmodule 10 bzw. 10' zu deren effizienter Kühlung an deren Rückwand mäander- oder schlangenförmig geführt werden (vgl. 2A, 2E bzw. 2C, 2F), nämlich in Form von vom Kühlmittel 22 durchflossenen Kühlschlangen oder Kühlwindungen,
• – eine Pumpe 46 sowie ein Rückschlagventil 48 zur Richtungsbestimmung des Kreislaufs oder Stroms des kalten Kühlmittels 22 aus dem Bassin 20 zum Photovoltaikmodul 10 bzw. 10' und des durch das Photovoltaikmodul 10 bzw. 10' erwärmten Kühlmittels 22 vom Photovoltaikmodul 10 bzw. 10' zurück zum Bassin 20, in dem das Kühlmittel 22 mittels des Wärmetauschers 30 wieder abgekühlt wird.

In detail is the cooling system 100 in 1A or the cooling system 100 ' in 1B or the cooling system 100 '' in 1C or the cooling system 100 ' in 1D shown. The cooling system 100 . 100 ' . 100 '' . 100 ' has

• - a fluid reservoir or fluid reservoir (also called equalization tank or equalizing tank) 20 with heat exchanger 30 , the supply lines 32 as well as derivatives 34 for the tap water 36 having,
• - For the supply and removal of cooling fluid or coolant 22 between basin 20 and photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' intended additions and removals 40 in the form of flexible or solid fluid / liquid lines, in the field of photovoltaic modules 10 respectively. 10 ' for their efficient cooling at the rear wall meandering or serpentine are performed (see. 2A . 2E respectively. 2C . 2F ), namely in the form of the coolant 22 throughflowed cooling coils or cooling coils,
• - a pump 46 and a check valve 48 for determining the direction of the circuit or stream of cold coolant 22 from the basin 20 to the photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' and that through the photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' heated coolant 22 from the photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' back to the basin 20 in which the coolant 22 by means of the heat exchanger 30 is cooled again.

Here, the fourth embodiment of the cooling system 100 ' according to 1D one compared to the three embodiments of the cooling system 100 according to 1A . 100 ' according to 1B . 100 '' according to 1C reverse flow of the coolant 22 through the photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' on, because such a direction of circulation requires of the pump 46 less pressure,

The pump 46 is switched with the onset of solar power or by means of at least one sensor, for example by means of at least one temperature sensor, or can operate in continuous operation.

The pump 46 pumps the coolant 22 (im in 1A or in 1B or in 1C left section or part 42 the coolant circuit of the system 100 respectively. 100 ' respectively. 100 '' or in 1D right section or part 44 the coolant circuit of the system 100 ' ) through the solar module 10 respectively. 10 ' ,

From the solar module 10 respectively. 10 ' the coolant flows 22 then (about the in 1A or in 1B or in 1C right section or part 44 the circulation of the system 100 respectively. 100 ' respectively. 100 '' or over the end of the in 1D right section or part 44 the circulation of the system 100 ' ) in the coolant reservoir 20 back.

The check valve 48 prevents the line from running empty 40 and the pump 46 when switching off the pump 46 ,

When switching off the pump 46 can the drain 44 from the photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' to the basin 20 to the vertex 24 the cooling fluid or the cooling fluid 22 run empty when the return 44 not below the fluid / liquid surface 24 is; the inlet 42 from the basin 20 to the photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' remains due to the check valve 48 with fluid or liquid 22 filled. This is when restarting the pump 46 the cooling of the photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' always guaranteed.

Will, as in the first embodiment of the cooling system 100 in 1A shown, the reflux 44 below the water surface 24 of reservoirs 20 guided, it remains even when switching off the pump 46 and when connecting the check valve 48 the return line 44 always with fluid or liquid 22 filled.

Will, as in the second embodiment of the cooling system 100 ' in 1B shown, the pump 46 as a submersible pump in the basin 20 under the surface 24 of the coolant 22 arranged, and becomes the reflux 44 also below the surface 24 the basin 20 guided, so the overall system remains 100 ' always (also after switching off the pump 46 ) with fluid or liquid 22 filled, and a check valve is unnecessary.

Nevertheless, as in the third embodiment of the cooling system 100 '' in 1C and in the fourth embodiment of the cooling system 100 ' in 1D shown, a check valve 48 advantageous and recommended, because in a possible lowering of the fluid or liquid surface 24 it prevents the circuit from running down and the cooling 100 '' . 100 ' remains always functional when switched on and off. A check valve 48 below the water surface 24 allows the pump 46 essentially arbitrary to arrange.

The whole system 100 . 100 ' . 100 '' . 100 ' represents a continuous cycle that requires no regulation. The basin 20 supplied heat is transferred via the heat exchanger 30 to the tap water 36 and thus does not lose the energy budget of the building. The slight warming of the over the drain 34 discharged water 36 does not make a feed into one of the hot water circuits makes sense.

The cooling system 100 . 100 ' . 100 '' . 100 ' can be installed outside the building and does not require major installation intervention; also an installation and / or installation within the building, especially within the house, is possible.

The cooling of, in particular planar, photovoltaic or solar elements 10 respectively. 10 ' For example, by rectangular aluminum or copper hollow pipes 40 done by which the coolant 22 flows and the on the incident light from the L, in particular from the incident sunlight, remote back or bottom of the photovoltaic or solar modules 10 respectively. 10 ' are mounted (see. 2 B respectively. 2D ).

Other Materials and / or other structures are also conceivable; so can basically all for cooling thermal couplings and lines as well as the convection and Contribute the radiation (unlike in the prior art, according to the the back or away from the incoming sunlight Undersides of the planar photovoltaic modules of air through and / or flows around and therefore to temperatures of about fifteen Degrees Celsius above ambient temperature).

Out 2A . 2 B . 2E (= first embodiment) or off 2C . 2D . 2F (= second embodiment) is for the cooling systems 100 . 100 . 100 '' . 100 ' suitable embodiment for the direct or immediate cooling of the planar photovoltaic elements or modules 10 respectively. 10 ' in the form of a cooling element 14 . 16 respectively. 16 ' . 18 out.

The Proposed module cooling can be used on both new installations mounted by photovoltaic systems or in the roof during new installations be integrated by photovoltaic systems as well as existing ones be retrofitted to planar systems.

• – mit einer leitenden Trägerplatte 14, zum Beispiel aus Aluminium oder aus Kupfer, die mit der vom einfallenden Licht L, insbesondere vom einfallenden Sonnenlicht, abgewandten Rückwand oder Unterseite des Photovoltaik- oder Solarmoduls 10 bzw. 10' thermisch leitend oder über Strahlung bzw. über Konvektion verbunden ist,
• – mit einem Kühlschlangensystem 16 bzw. 16', zum Beispiel aus Kupfer, durch das das Kühlmittel 22 fließt und das auf die Trägerplatte 14 montiert ist, und
• – mit einer Isolierplatte 18, mittels derer verhindert wird, dass die Kühlung an die rückwandig fließende Luft mit Umgebungstemperatur abgeführt wird.

The module cooling essentially has a three-layer sandwich structure

• - With a conductive support plate 14 , For example, made of aluminum or copper, with the light from the incident light L, in particular from the incident sunlight facing away from the rear wall or bottom of the photovoltaic or solar module 10 respectively. 10 ' is thermally conductive or connected via radiation or via convection,
• - with a cooling coil system 16 respectively. 16 ' , for example made of copper, through which the coolant 22 flows and that on the carrier plate 14 is mounted, and
• - with an insulating plate 18 , by which it is prevented that the cooling is discharged to the backwash-flowing air at ambient temperature.

The layer system of ladder or carrier 14 , Cooling coil 16 respectively. 16 ' and insulation 18 forms a unit or a composite, the or the very easy to the incident light from the L, in particular from the incident sunlight, facing away from the rear or back of the photovoltaic or solar modules 10 respectively. 10 ' can be mounted.

Since such, bordered by a rectangular frame structure is barely airtight for a long period of time, can be on the cooling coils 16 respectively. 16 ' Condensation form. For this reason, the composite system of carrier 14 , Cooling coils) 16 respectively. 16 ' and insulation 18 be open at the bottom to allow drainage of condensed water.

Such condensation can also be achieved by foaming the spaces between the conductive plate 14 and the insulating plate 18 be prevented. An airtight and / or water dense thermal termination, for example in the form of gluing or screwing the cooling plate 14 with the photovoltaic element 10 respectively. 10 ' and a foaming of the gaps between the cooling plate 14 and insulator 18 provides the added benefit of increased mechanical stability of the unit or composite of carriers 14 , Cooling coils) 16 respectively. 16 ' and insulation 18 ,

A cooling element 14 . 16 . 18 according to 2A . 2 B . 2E or a cooling element 14 . 16 ' . 18 according to 2C . 2D . 2F can be manufactured with an exemplary thickness of about two centimeters and is thus well below the photovoltaic or solar modules 10 respectively. 10 ' mountable. As a result of under the photovoltaic or solar module 10 respectively. 10 ' attached cooling element 14 . 16 respectively. 16 ' . 18 no backward air flow is required, such a cooling element 14 . 16 respectively. 16 ' . 18 be integrated directly into the roof.

Because the coolant 22 in the closed cooling coil system 16 respectively. 16 ' flows, the part of the pipe 40 There is also a lower risk of moisture or even water for the building. The cooling coils 16 respectively. 16 ' are arranged so that the cooling system 100 . 100 ' . 100 '' . 100 ' when switching off the pump 46 does not empty.

The system 100 . 100 ' . 100 '' . 100 ' operates at a continuous circuit substantially at low temperature (for example, at about 25 degrees Celsius) under atmospheric pressure and therefore requires neither pressure equalization vessels nor control circuits nor an installation within the building.

Although the expansion tank or the expansion tank 20 usually works at atmospheric pressure, is the expansion tank or the expansion tank 20 designed so that it can work even with slight overpressure, especially in the case of gas filling.

The cost of the system, which consequently does not pose a risk of liquid in the building, is due to the higher efficiency of, in particular with a glass cover 50 (see. 3 ), solar panels or solar modules 10 respectively. 10 ' less than the energy additionally converted by the increased photocurrent.

According to the 3 illustrated embodiment, such a cooling system 100 . 100 ' . 100 '' . 100 ' to at least one concentrator photovoltaic module 10 respectively. 10 ' be connected.

Regardless of whether it is a planar photovoltaic system or a photovoltaic concentrator, the back or bottom of the photovoltaic modules facing away from the incident light L, in particular from the incident sunlight 10 respectively. 10 ' connected to the cooling device. Conveniently, the cooling device in conjunction with the glass cover 50 also the mechanical support for the photovoltaic modules 10 respectively. 10 ' pose as in 3 shown.

According to the embodiment in 3 is the carrier of the photovoltaic modules 10 respectively. 10 ' , which is also the cooling element for the photovoltaic modules 10 respectively. 10 ' represents, firmly with the Kalottendeckel 50 connected. Thus, the cooling element is firmly connected to the concentrating element of the mirror calotte.

In a continuation of the cooling connection be firmly connected to the photovoltaic module carrier; these but two can be hung together in a rotatable manner or be stored, so that also electro- or hydromechanical Corrections of the photovoltaic module position or position within the dome be enabled.

100

Cooling system (= first embodiment; 1A )

100 '

Cooling system (= second embodiment; 1B )

100 ''

Cooling system (= third embodiment; 1C )

100 '

Cooling system (= fourth embodiment; 1D )

10

Photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module or solar element or solar module, in particular the Kaustik ausnutzendes planar concentrator module or concentrator element, for example, with incident light L facing cover 50 (= first embodiment; 2A . 2 B . 2E )

10 '

Photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module or solar element or solar module, in particular the Kaustik ausnutzendes planar concentrator module or concentrator element, for example, with incident light L facing cover 50 (= second embodiment; 2C . 2D . 2F . 3 )

12

Frame or frame of the photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module or solar element or solar module 10 respectively. 10 '

14

ladder or carrier or carrier element, in particular plate, for example, cooling plate or circuit board or carrier plate

16

of fluid or liquid 22 flowed through cooling coil or cooling coil of the liquid line 40 (= first embodiment; 2A . 2 B . 2E )

16 '

of fluid or liquid 22 flowed through cooling coil or cooling coil of the liquid line 40 (= second embodiment; 2C . 2D . 2F . 3 )

18

Insulator, in particular insulating plate

20

surge tank or equalization tank or basin or reservoir, in particular liquid pool or liquid reservoir

22

fluid or liquid, in particular cooling fluid or Coolant or coolant

24

Surface or vertex of the fluid or liquid 22

26

pressure equalization

30

heat exchangers

32

Supply line for water 36

34

Derivation for water 36

36

Water, especially tap water

40

of fluid or liquid 22 through-flow line, in particular flexible or solid liquid line, for example, aluminum or copper hollow pipe

42

first section or part of the fluid line 40 , in particular inlet or supply line or inflow or inflow line to the photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module or solar element or solar module 10 respectively. 10 '

44

second section or part of the fluid line 40 , in particular drain or drain line or return flow or return flow line from the photovoltaic element or photovoltaic module or solar element or solar module 10 respectively. 10 '

46

Pump, in particular unregulated pump

48

check valve

50

Cover, in particular (Ab-) cover plate or clamping surface or (top) surface, for Example planar and / or transparent (Ab-) cover plate or clamping surface or level closed surface, such as acrylic sheet or plexiglass plate or polyester plate or polysterol plate or polystyrene sheet

60

photovoltaic field or photovoltaic panel

L

Light, especially sunlight

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• - DE 10121850 A1 [0011, 0012, 0014, 0025, 0028]
• - DE 4206931 A1 [0015]
• - DE 202007000529 U1 [0015]
• - DE 202007010901 U1 [0015]

Claims (15)

For cooling at least one photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ), in particular at least one of the kaustik ausnutzenden planar concentrator module or concentrator, provided cooling system ( 100 ; 100 '; 100 ''; 100 ' ), comprising - at least one fluid ( 22 ), in particular with coolant, filled reservoir ( 20 ), - at least one, in particular flexible or fixed, line ( 40 ) - for guiding the fluid ( 22 ) from the reservoir ( 20 ), in particular via at least one inlet ( 42 ), to the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ), along which the fluid ( 22 ) for cooling the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ), and - for the return of the passing through the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) heated fluid ( 22 ) from the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ), in particular via at least one process ( 44 ), to the reservoir ( 20 ), and - at least one in or at the reservoir ( 20 ) or the reservoir ( 20 ) associated heat exchanger ( 30 ) for removing or removing heat from the fluid ( 22 ). Cooling system according to claim 1, characterized - by at least one in the inlet ( 42 ), in particular - in the reservoir ( 20 ) or - in the flow direction of the fluid ( 22 ) between the reservoir ( 20 ) and the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ), arranged pump ( 46 ) and / or - by at least one in the inlet ( 42 ), in particular in the flow direction of the fluid ( 22 ) - in front of the pump ( 46 ) at the end of the feed ( 42 ), or - between the pump designed as a submersible pump ( 46 ) and the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ), arranged check valve ( 48 ) for defining - the flow direction of the fluid ( 22 ) from the reservoir ( 20 ) to the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) and - the flow direction of the heated fluid ( 22 ) from the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) back to the reservoir ( 20 ). Cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) for guiding the fluid ( 22 ) along the back or bottom of the photovoltaic module or solar element facing away from the incident light (L), in particular from the incident sunlight, ( 10 ; 10 ' ) is designed. Cooling system according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the from the incident light (L), in particular from the incident sunlight facing away from the rear or bottom of the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) - at least one conductor or carrier element ( 14 ), in particular at least one cooling or carrier plate, - one or more of the fluid ( 22 ) flowing through cooling coils or cooling coils ( 16 ; 16 ' ), by means of which the fluid ( 22 meandering or serpentine along the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ), and - at least one isolator ( 18 ), in particular at least one insulating plate are arranged. Cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that - the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) with the conductor or carrier element ( 14 ) is glued or screwed airtight and / or watertight and / or - that the spaces between the conductor or carrier element ( 14 ) and the insulator ( 18 ) are foamed. Cooling system according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 30 ) - at least one supply line ( 32 ) for water ( 36 ), in particular for, for example, externally supplied, tap water, and - at least one derivative ( 34 ) for the heated by the heat exchange water ( 36 ) assigned. Cooling system according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cooling system ( 100 ; 100 '; 100 ''; 100 ' ) is arranged inside or outside the building, in particular inside or outside the house. Cooling system according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cooling system ( 100 ; 100 '; 100 ''; 100 ' ) in a building with high water consumption, for example in an apartment building, in an upper floor, in an upper floor or in an upper floor below the photovoltaic modules or solar elements ( 10 ; 10 ' ) is arranged. Method for cooling at least one photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ), in particular at least one planar concentrator module or concentrator element which utilizes the caustic, wherein - at least one fluid ( 22 ), in particular at least one cooling liquid, from at least one reservoir ( 20 ) along the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) led to the cooling of the same - by passing along the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) heated fluid ( 22 ) from the photovoltaic module or solar element ( 10 ; 10 ' ) to the reservoir ( 20 ) and - the heat from the fluid ( 22 ) by means of at least one in or at the reservoir ( 20 ) or the reservoir ( 20 ) associated heat exchanger ( 30 ) is removed or withdrawn. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the from the fluid ( 22 ) by means of the heat exchanger ( 30 ) dissipated or extracted heat of household energy is supplied. A method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by continuous, especially under normal pressure operation at up to or below ambient temperature cooling to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic modules or solar elements ( 10 ; 10 ' ). Method according to at least one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the reservoir ( 20 ) Under normal pressure or, in particular with at least one gas filling, operates under slight overpressure. Method according to at least one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the heating and hot water circulation within the building, in particular within the house, regardless of the cooling circuit of the cooling system ( 100 ; 100 '; 100 ''; 100 ' ) according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Photovoltaic system or solar system, comprising at least one cooling system ( 100 ; 100 '; 100 ''; 100 ' ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 and / or operating according to the method according to at least one of claims 9 to 13. Use of at least one cooling system ( 100 ; 100 '; 100 ''; 100 ' ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 and / or a method according to at least one of claims 9 to 13 in the efficient cooling of at least one photovoltaic system or solar system according to claim 14.