CH703760A2 - Active facade for low energy or passive house, has pipe system including flexible plastic pipes filled with heatable medium, where system is arranged between outer side of outer wall and insulation layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The facade has a pipe system (6) including flexible plastic pipes filled with heatable medium e.g. water, air and hot liquid. The system is arranged between an outer side of an outer wall (3) and an insulation layer (5). The pipes are arranged on the outer wall outer side. The medium is heated by an air-heat pump, thermal solar collectors or photovoltaic and/or thermal solar systems. An interior plaster (2) is attached to the outer wall on an inner side of a living room (1). The pipe system is attached to an external plaster (4) on an outer side of the room.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to an active facade system for buildings according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Are known on the outer wall of buildings attachable diffusion-open Wärmedämmanordnungen that are particularly suitable for the production of so-called low-energy or passive houses.

In the context of heat demand calculations for buildings, inter alia, the transmission heat losses over the outer walls of buildings play a crucial role. Especially for the dimensioning of the heating system, the reduction of the transmission heat losses is essential.

If heating energy to be saved or at all seasons, a temperature in the interiors of a building with almost no significant heating of. Buildings are achieved by primary heat sources, so called this by certain measures isolated buildings usually passive house. This can get along with corresponding insulation with much less heating energy in relation to an uninsulated house.

A known insulation of a passive house achieved an 80% or even greater energy savings of heating energy. Only about 1 - 2 liters of heating oil per year are needed per square meter to heat a passive house.

For this, thermal bridges must be avoided in the thermal insulation of the outer shell of the passive house, so that a continuous thermal bridge-free and diffusion-open insulating shell must be applied to the masonry of the outer wall.

Typically, insulating layers are applied with a thickness between 10 and 20 cm in the form of mineral fiber mats or polystyrene plates on the outer skin of buildings and there usually fastened with dowel devices. Subsequently, the insulating layers are plastered or clad.

However, this type is problematic in terms of the interior air conditioning of the building, which is usually done by fresh air by means of ventilation through open windows or doors or leaks in the house. As a result, however, the largest heat losses are achieved. Therefore, in the manufacture of passive houses, particular attention is paid to the airtightness of the buildings.

The use of air for the insulation of buildings is known (WO 97/30316 A1). Air is heated by a complex system to a certain temperature and guided in a layer through the wall of a building. Described is a multi-wall plate, in which one or two layers are designed as an insulating layer and one of the layers forms an air duct.

A disadvantage of the known Dämmvorrichtungsanordnungen is that it can lead to mold growth in edges and corners of the building, provided that the rooms are not adequately ventilated inside. The interruption of the diffusion can lead to problems with the building moisture in the masonry.

Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that the heating, for example, an air layer for insulation again requires the use of energy, whereby the energy balance of the entire building is adversely affected.

Also known are various types of heaters that are intended to heat interiors via a heating of the wall of a building, so that an interior heating should be omitted. So conventional interior heating systems are to be replaced. However, heat losses to the outside and inwards are to be expected. It must be generated a very high energy consumption in order to achieve an indoor heating over such a heater except by heating the wall.

Against this background, the invention has the object, a damping device for a facade educate so that transmission heat losses are avoided from the interior or at least reduced and mold in the interiors despite almost complete airtightness is avoided.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The subclaims indicate advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The invention and its advantages

The invention according to the features of the main claim, however, has the advantage that the temperature difference between the indoor air in the interior and the adjacent wall is reduced by a temperature of the wall.

This tempering and thus reducing the temperature difference between the interior and the wall is achieved by the arrangement of a tube system between the masonry, so the wall, and the outer layer of insulation. Thus, the heating of the building is not achieved mainly from the inside by the use of heaters, but mainly the heat transfer from the interior to the outer wall inner surfaces is avoided. This is achieved by balancing the heat loss on the wall outside under a facade insulation.

In this case, the tube system is designed so that the wall surfaces of the building as completely as possible and extensively tempered by arranged at suitable intervals tubes. The tubes are arranged on the outer wall outside. Depending on the arrangement of the tubes, these exterior wall sides of the building are covered with the tube system by at least 30%, in particular from 40% to more than 90%. The exterior wall surfaces do not include openings and openings such as windows or doors.

By positioning the tubes over the entire building wall surface away a uniform temperature of the walls of the entire building is achieved, whereby the heating energy needs minimized, the energy efficiency maximized and the relative humidity of the wall and the room air is optimized.

In the tubes are either antifreeze or an antifreeze mixture with portions of water or heat transfer fluid.

The active facade system is designed taking into account the defined according to the currently observed nuns specific building heat demand. Therefore, it may be either as a sole heating system, insofar as the climatic conditions require no further interior heating and the effect of preventing the heat flow from the interior by the tempering of the outer wall sufficient, as well as a combination of an existing Heizflächensystems (wall, floor heating, radiators or the like .) are installed with the active facade system.

All types of known insulation systems can be used on the building façade outer surface that is thermally activated with the active façade system.

The tube system may be formed as a wall heating system, wherein the tubes are formed for example of PEX-FBH pipes or PP pipes (polypropylene) -, PP capillary pipe mats or metallic pipes, so that the wall heating system so that heat to the Exterior surface of the building transfers. This so-called wall heating coil is protected against heat loss by the application of a wall insulation composite system.

The Wandheizregister, so the tube system, for example, mechanically fixed by clamping rails or mounting anchors on the outer walls and plastered all over to the top of a commercial mineral plaster with plaster.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tubular Wandheizregisterkreis, which takes over the heat delivery to the thermally activated building facades surface, fixed with sufficient solid structure of a found in existing building exterior plaster on this plaster by suitable dowels and with a suitable adhesive or plaster mortar to at least to the pipe apex, so the farthest from the wall of the pipe side, plastered.

In particular, a Kleebanner anchor, which may be made of plastic, is used. This adhesive anchors dowel is suitable according to its design for wind load securing wall connection of a thermal insulation composite system to the building wall out. The bonding or attachment of the thermal insulation composite system takes place in this case on the provided with freshly workable adhesive mortar adhesive anchor.

Here, the wall heating, which takes over the heat delivery to the thermally activated building facades surface, hydraulically separated from the Innenheizflächenkreis. The tubular Wandheizregisterkreis is filled in particular with an antifreeze medium and operated. This means that in the tubes antifreeze is introduced, the water or a heat fluid can be added or admixed in different proportions. The system is therefore permanently protected against frost damage, even during longer periods without heating during the winter phases.

The loading of the thermally activated building facades surface is carried out in terms of their heat storage capacity and ideal for an optimized system efficiency working time and working phase length. Depending on the decision relevant to the efficiency, heat is introduced into the active facade surface or into the interior heating surfaces (radiator, wall, underfloor heating and the like), or else heat is introduced into both systems. This entry is governed by a scheme specially programmed for this optimized application.

The heat energy for the Wandheizregister can be made available for example by an air heat pump. Their environmental energy efficiency is high because of the very low system temperatures and the operation even at outdoor temperatures below 0 ° C is very economical.

In the generation of renewable energy such as solar energy or heat pumps usually heat storage tank (tanks) must be made available in the basement rooms in which the heated water or heat fluid can be stored. The energy of the memory thus remains unused for possibly longer periods of time.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tubes are therefore designed as a buffer system. As a storage mass, you can either replace the heat storage tank or supplement it. Both the activated building mass, as well as a large part of the liquids otherwise to be stored in the tanks can also be used by the inventive pipe system for heating the wall to about room temperature.

Furthermore, it is also possible to use the return liquids of thermal solar collectors with a temperature of usually 20 ° to 55 °, resulting from the operation of regenerative installations such as, for example, solar thermal systems. This allows an increased energy yield of the plant to generate the regenerative energy over the entire heating period and thus to a faster amortization of the plant. Previously unused waste heat can be fed into the walls at a low temperature level and serve as a heat buffer. This waste heat can also occur during the operation of photovoltaic solar cells, whose efficiency decreases at elevated temperatures. The resulting heat can be dissipated and used to heat the tube system.

Outwardly, this serves as a heat storage layer with the tube system by the insulation of known insulating materials, i. E. There is no exchange of heat to the outside, but only inward by the tempering of the wall into the room instead.

The usually resulting from the inside to outside transmission loss of heat is reduced to the inner wall surfaces for equipped as an active facade wall sections to smallest amounts, so that any existing inside the building heating surfaces can be operated with greatly reduced system temperatures. For example, an air heat pump used could supply heat to the existing heat distribution system, ie classic radiators, and / or to the active facade.

The device dimensioning or system temperature of the heaters for the interior can be lower by exploiting the active facade, since the used wall surfaces such as a heat buffer to balance extreme demand peaks by heat dissipation and take over the majority of Heizkörperytems in the redevelopment.

The indoor climate is markedly improved by the measures described. The moisture content decreases in the outer wall area because of the average 5 to 1 K higher component temperature. So no condensation moisture damage my arise. Balanced temperature conditions of the room air and the outer wall surface approximate a passive house climate. The active façade system achieves a pleasant building temperature control. This increases the comfort for the users of the building.

It is possible under certain conditions, a timely adjustable temperature control of the individual rooms. A specific individual room-specific regulation of the interior temperatures is always possible if the active facade system is installed as a combination of an existing heating surface system with the active facade system. In this case, the active facade takes over. the compensation of the transmission losses over the outer wall surface and thus parts of the basic heat load. About the operation of the existing, integrated in the system Innenheizflächen, so the radiator, wall heating, underfloor heating, etc., the individual room temperature inside the building can then be varied as needed.

The higher by the decreasing component light insulation value of the old outer wall improves the overall energy balance. Thus, the energy costs can be reduced and a certain independence from the fossil fuels oil and gas can be achieved. The measures mentioned can be carried out as part of a building renovation program with the installation of a thermal insulation system with a heat exchange even in old buildings. In this case, a deliberately different zone heating due to the optional integration of an existing heating surface system in the building must be taken into account. This has to be taken into account for existing buildings.

The tube system can also be used in hot countries, the temperature of the building wall, in this case, the cooling by appropriate cooling liquids. Also for the cooling, a control programmed for this purpose is used.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the following description, the drawings and claims removed.

drawings

[0040] <Tb> FIG. 1 <sep> schematically shows the prior art of the previous space heating, <tb> in FIG. 2 <sep> is the state of the art of heat input from inside to outside, <Tb> FIG. 3 <sep> shows in a vertical section the principle of the active facade, <tb> in Fig. 4 <sep> is shown in a horizontal section of the heat balance outside under the insulation layer, <Tb> FIG. 5 <sep> shows an oblique view of the active facade, <tb> in Fig. 6 <sep> is a frontal view of the building with the tube system and solar collectors on the roof of the building, <Tb> FIG. 7 shows a first embodiment of a distribution plan of a heatable medium of a building and <tb> in Fig. 8 <sep> is shown a second embodiment of a distribution plan of a heatable medium in the building.

Description of the embodiments

Fig. 1 shows the temperature distribution of an outer wall of a building with a known from the prior art space heating in the vertical section. The living room 1 must be heated to about 22 ° C to have a pleasant feeling of warmth in the room. The heat flows through the interior plaster 2 in the outer wall 3, which has a temperature of 14 ° C on average. From there, the heat continues to flow into the external plaster 4, from there into the insulation system 5. From this, the tub flows into the environment.

In Fig. 2, the temperature distribution of an outer wall of a building with a known from the prior art space heating is shown in horizontal section. The living room 1 must be heated to about 22 ° C to have a pleasant feeling of warmth in the room. The heat flows through the interior plaster 2 in the outer wall 3, which has a temperature of 14 ° C on average. From there, the heat continues to flow into the external plaster 4, from there into the insulation system 5. From this, the heat flows into the environment.

Fig. 3 shows the principle of an active facade in the vertical section, in which the external plaster 4, a tube system 6 is introduced. This tube system 6 serves on the one hand the storage of heat and on the other to temper the facade. On the one hand heat flows through the insulation system 5 to the outside in the environment and on the other hand heat flows into the outer wall 3 and keeps it at about 19 ° C. This makes it sufficient for a comfortable living environment, if the living room 1 to about 19 ° C is heated. This leads to the reduction of heating costs.

Fig. 4 shows the principle of an active facade in horizontal section, in which a pipe system 6 is introduced in the external plaster 4. This tube system 6 serves on the one hand the storage of heat and thus on the other for temperature control

[0045] the facade. On the one hand heat flows through the insulation system 5 to the outside in the environment and on the other hand heat flows into the outer wall 3 and keeps it at about 19 ° C. This makes it sufficient for a comfortable living environment, if the living room 1 to about 19 ° C is heated.

Fig. 5 shows an active facade in an oblique view. On the outer wall 3, the interior plaster 2 is mounted on the inside of the room and mounted on the outside of the tube system 6 in the external plaster. On the external plaster, the insulation system 5 is applied, which is provided on its outside with a protective plaster layer 7.

In Fig. 6 the exterior view of a building without external plaster and insulation system is shown. The arrangement of the tube system 6 is shown on the outer wall 3, wherein the tubes of the tube system 6 are passed around the window 8 around. The tube system 6 covers about 70% of the outer surface of the outer wall 3. On the roof 9 thermal solar collectors 10 are shown for heat generation, the heat is fed into the tube system 6.

Fig. 7 shows a heat distribution system of a building in a first embodiment. The thermal solar collectors 10 produce heat, which is fed via pipes 11 into the facade register 6. About the pipes 11, the heat can be performed both in the classic radiator 12 and in the tank 13 for heated drinking water, so as to provide, for example, the shower 14 with hot water.

In Fig. 8, a heat distribution system is shown in a second embodiment. The radiator 12 and the warm drinking water storage tank 13 are connected by pipes 15. In a building renovation can then be connected to the supply of heat, an air heat pump 16. A heat exchanger 17 is used to exchange the heat between the pipes 15, which are usually filled with water, and the outer pipes 18 which are filled outside the house with a medium containing antifreeze. 19 is a first surge tank for the pipelines 15, 20 shows a second surge tank for the outer pipes 18. On the outer pipes 18, the solar thermal collectors 10 are connected on the roof to feed the heat into the system. Furthermore, the tube system 6 is connected to the outer pipes 18, in order to store the excess heat on the one hand and, on the other hand, to heat the outer facade. Due to the temperature of the facade, the flow temperature in the pipes 15 for the heater 12 can be significantly reduced.

All features described in the description, the following claims and the drawings may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

[0051] <Tb> 1 <sep> Indoor <Tb> 2 <sep> Innenputz <Tb> 3 <sep> outer wall <Tb> 4 <sep> exterior rendering <Tb> 5 <sep> insulation system <Tb> 6 <sep> Tube Assembly <Tb> 7 <sep> protective plaster layer <Tb> 8 <sep> Window <Tb> 9 <sep> Roof <tb> 10 <sep> thermal solar collectors <Tb> 11 <sep> Piping <Tb> 12 <sep> Radiators <Tb> 13 <sep> Tanker <Tb> 14 <sep> Shower <Tb> 15 <sep> Piping <Tb> 16 <sep> air heat pump <Tb> 17 <sep> Heat Exchanger <Tb> 18 <sep> Foreign pipelines <tb> 19 <sep> first expansion tank <tb> 20 <sep> second expansion tank

Claims (17)

1. active facade system for a building, comprising an outer wall (3) and an external insulating layer (5), characterized in that between the outside of the outer wall (3) and the insulating layer (5) a tube system (6) containing with an antifreeze heatable medium filled, the outside of the outer wall (3) is arranged at least 30% overlapping tubes, so that a temperature of the outer wall (3) and thereby reducing the temperature difference between an interior of the building and the outer wall (3) can be achieved. 2. active facade system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tube system (6) covers 40% to 90% of the outside of the outer wall (3). 3. active facade system according to claim 2, characterized in that the tube system (6) covers 70% - 80% of the outside of the outer wall (3). 4. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes of the tube system (6) made of flexible plastic, in particular PEX-FBH plastic or polypropylene, or polypropylene capillary tube mats or metal are formed. 5. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatable medium comprises water or a heat transfer fluid. 6. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of antifreeze in the heatable medium between 20 wt.% And 100 wt.% Is. 7. active facade system according to claim 6, characterized in that the proportion of antifreeze in the heatable medium at 50 - 60 wt.% Is. 8. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatable medium by means of an air heat pump (16) is heated. 9. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatable medium by storage heat, in particular of thermal solar collectors (10), is heated. 10. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatable medium by waste heat, in particular of photovoltaic and / or thermal solar systems (10) or combined photovoltaic / thermal solar systems (10), is heated. 11. Active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube system (6) on the outside of the outer wall (3) is fixable by dowels and plastered with an adhesive or plaster mortar to at least the pipe crown. 12. active facade system according to claim 11, characterized in that the dowel is a adhesive anchors dowel, which is formed of plastic. 13. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes of the tube system (6) by means of clamping rails and / or fastening hooks between the outside of the outer wall (3) and the insulating layer (5) can be applied. 14. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube system (6) is designed as a buffer memory for heat energy and / or heating surface for heat exchangers. 15. Active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that heat by means of the tube system (6) in the outer wall (3) and by means of Innenheizflächen, in particular radiator, wall, floor heating udgl. in the interior of the building can be introduced, wherein the tube system (6) and the Innenheizflächen are hydraulically separated from each other. 16. active facade system according to claim 15, characterized in that the introduction of the heat in the outer wall (3) and in the Innenheizflächen each independently or in dependence on each other by means of programmable control or regulating units can be controlled or regulated. 17. Active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube system (6) can be retrofitted attached to old buildings.