SE1651225A1 - Exterior wall of a building and a building comprising an exterior wall - Google Patents

Abstract

Summary The present invention relates to an outer wall (1) of a building and a building comprising an outer wall (1) according to the invention. The outer wall comprises a frame (3), an outer wall element (6) connected to one side of the frame, an inner wall element (5) connected to an opposite side of the frame and thermal insulation (7) arranged between the outer and inner wall element (6,5 ). The outer wall (1) comprises a tube (17) adapted for transporting airborne heat and arranged between the outer and inner wall element for heating the inner wall element. The pipe (17) is arranged closer to the inner wall element (5) than the outer wall element (6), and at least the main part of the insulation (7) is arranged between the pipe and the outer wall element (6).

Description

Technical field The present invention relates to an outer wall of a building, the outer wall comprising a frame, an outer wall element connected to one side of the frame, an inner wall element connected to an opposite side of the frame and insulation arranged between the outer and internal wall element. The invention also relates to a building comprising an outer wall according to the invention.

Prior Art A conventional outer wall has a frame comprising a series of vertical wall studs arranged between an outer and inner wall element. The frame forms the supporting part of the wall. The outer and inner wall elements are attached to each side of the devertical wall studs. Thermal insulation is arranged between the wall studs. The exterior wall element often comprises a windbreak and an exterior wall cladding which can be different materials, for example wood, brick, sheet metal, stone or plaster. The inner wall element comprises an inner wall cladding, e.g. plaster or wooden boards. A disadvantage of such an outer wall is that the divertic wall studs form cold bridges which conduct cooling and heat between the outer and inner wall element.

It is known to use double-walled walls to reduce the sound transmission between rooms and apartments in a building. Double bolt walls comprise two rows of vertical wall studs where the first row forms a first frame part and the second row forms a second frame part. The first and second rows of the vertical wall bars are arranged at a distance from each other so that a cavity is formed between the body parts. Sound-absorbing insulation is arranged in the cavity between the body parts. It is also known with double-sided walls with an intermediate heat-insulated cavity.

A common way to heat a building is to use underfloor heating which includes heating coils containing a heat transfer medium arranged in the floor of a building. An advantage of underfloor heating is that you avoid radiators on the wall in the rooms. Electric underfloor heating is the most common type of underfloor heating. Another type of underfloor heating is water-borne underfloor heating where the heat-transferring medium consists of heated water. A problem with heating coils in floors is that heating can be slow as the heating coils are often cast in concrete, which leads to a slow heat transfer to the room to be heated. As the media usually consists of water or another liquid, there is also a risk of moisture damage if the pipe leaks. Another problem with underfloor heating is that damage to the underfloor heating system is often difficult to remedy.

Another type of heating system is wall heating and strip heating, see Ekobyggportalen "Floor, wall and strip heating" at www.ekobyggportalen.se/va rme / golvva rme. These work in a similar way as underfloor heating, with the difference that the hot water-filled pipes run in the house's inner wall walls or in strips along the floor. This technology usually provides a faster and more efficient heat transfer than the previously described underfloor heating, but when the pipes are arranged in the wall, it is risky to drive nails or drill into the wall, as there is a risk that a heat loop will occur, with the result that the water flows into the wall and causes moisture damage to the building. There is also a tfäggitift heat system. The heat iricin fi n fi er usually from heatiister rnedkonveidíitvnsvärdne viiken led into the xfäggen. Either use building blocks with air ducts in the lower cradles and the varrniuiiten behind a 'thin inner cradle of plasterboard, see www.ekobyggportalen.se/varme/golvvarme. This sister is suitable for masonry gigai 'which can be stored ineci heat from' ifecieiciatie stoves.

XPJOEÜÜQOOEEÉÅB shows a straiktuitëii wall pariei rnefi värrnesiirignr 'ingjiitet in a iörzsta interior concrete concrete. The aerniesiirtgorna contain a värrneieciaittie liquid and are adapted for the transfer of heat into the first concrete layer. A protective layer is the surface of the first concrete layer and a second external layer and is adapted to prevent movement from the layers to an ax / layer to the second layer. The largest dei avvïcirrnen seeks then genc-rn the first betangiagret tiii area sorn to be removed from. Ettprobierr: with this technique is the time it takes for varrnen to gjen-arr: tiettwnger: and seek sigin in ornråtiat to be heated. OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to find a solution to at least some of the above problems.

According to one aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by an outer wall of a building as defined in claim 1.

The outer wall comprises a frame, an outer wall element connected to one side of the frame, an inner wall element connected to an opposite side of the frame and insulating device between the outer and inner wall element. According to the invention, the outer wall comprises at least one tube adapted for transporting airborne heat and arranged between the outer and inner wall element for heating the inner wall element, the tube being arranged closer to the inner wall element than the outer wall element and at least the main part of the insulation wall being arranged between the pipe part.

An exterior wall of a building has a side facing outwards towards the surroundings outside the building and a side facing inwards towards one or more rooms inside the building. The outer wall element is the part of the outer wall which is between the frame and the surroundings, and the inner wall element is the part of the outer wall which is between the frame and the interior of the building. The outer wall element is the part of the outer wall that is furthest from the area where it is heated. The inner wall element is the part of the outer wall that is closest to the area to be heated and is separated from the outer wall element by the body and a layer of insulation. The internal wall element can e.g. include one or more wall panels, such as plasterboard or plywood panels. The external wall element may, for example, comprise wood paneling, brick, sheet metal, stone or plaster.

According to the invention, the outer wall is provided with one or more pipes in which hot air is transported. The outer walls face outwards and are thus cooled down by the air outside the building when it is cold outdoors. A cold outer wall in turn cools the warm indoor air closest to the inner outer wall, and can thus cause colds. An advantage of arranging a pipe in the outer wall stand in front of the inner wall is that cold can be prevented from entering the building via the outer wall, and thus cold can be prevented.

According to the invention, the pipe is adapted for transporting airborne heat instead of heating water or electrical loops as in the prior art. The advantage of having air in the pipes instead of pre-water is that if a hole or crack occurs in a pipe with airborne heat, it would probably not affect the wall or the building significantly and the heating system would most likely still work satisfactorily. If, on the other hand, damage occurs to a pipe with water-borne heat, the water flows out with the consequence that water damage can occur in the building, and that the entire heating system becomes unusable until the leak in the pipe is remedied. A wall with airborne heat allows drilling and nailing in the wall, unlike a wall with waterborne heat. A small leakage of hot air from the pipe does not significantly affect its heating function. The only thing that happens is that hot air flows out in the part of the wall where the leak is located, with a slightly increased heating of the part as a result.

Another advantage of airborne heat over having waterborne heat in a pipe is that there is no risk of frostbite if the heat supply is broken in any way so that the temperature drops below zero in the wall. A low outdoor temperature can cause the water in that waterborne pipe to freeze, with the result that the pipe can crack and cause water damage when the temperature in the wall later rises.

An advantage of using pipes for hot air in the wall instead of installing heating ducts in the wall is that it is easy and quick to mount the pipes.

Thanks to the fact that the main part of the insulation is arranged between the pipe and the exterior wall element, most of the heat is transferred from the pipe to the room / rooms which are heated and a smaller part goes out into the surroundings outside the building. Preferably, there is no thermal insulation between the pipe and the internal wall element. The pipe is placed closer to the inner wall element than the outer wall element, and thus enables the main part of the insulation to be arranged between the pipe and the outer wall element.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the pipe is arranged in loops along the inner wall element. When the pipe is arranged along the inner wall element and the insulation separates the outer and inner wall element, most of the heat from the pipe is transferred into the inner wall element which then transfers the heat to the area being heated. The loops allow as much of the heat from the pipes as possible to be transferred to the internal wall element.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the body comprises an outer body part connected to the outer wall element and an inner body part connected to the inner wall element, the outer and inner body part being arranged at a distance from each other so that a cavity is formed between the outer and inner body part. arranged. Thanks to the thermal insulation cavity which separates the inner and the outer frame part from each other, no cold bridges are formed between the inner and the outer wall element, which could otherwise conduct some of the heat from the pipe out of the building. In addition, the increase in the amount of thermal insulation between the pipe and the external wall element, which leads to an increase in the proportion of heat from the pipe that is transferred to the room / rooms in the building, increases.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the inner body part comprises a number of vertical inner rails arranged at a distance from each other and said loops are arranged between the inner rails. The loops are preferably arranged as close to the inner wall element as possible to increase the proportion of heat transferred to the inner wall element. The advantage of having the tube between the inner bolts is to get as close to the inner wall element as possible. Preferably, the tube is in contact with the inner wall element. In this way it also becomes possible to arrange sufficient insulation between the loops and the outer wall element to thermally insulate the loops from the outer wall element.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the outer body part comprises a number of vertical outer bars arranged at a distance from each other and at a distance from the inner bars, the outer and inner bars being arranged so as to form two rows and said cavities formed between the rows of bars.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the distance between the pipe and the interior wall element is less than 10 cm, and preferably less than 5 cm. The smaller the distance between the inner wall element and the pipe, the more heat is allowed to be transferred to the inner wall element, which increases the efficiency of the pipe. In order to obtain maximum heat transfer between the pipe and the internal wall element, at least a part of the pipe can be arranged in contact with the internal wall element.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the outer wall comprises a diffusion barrier arranged between the tube and the inner wall element. The diffusion barrier prevents moisture from penetrating into the interior wall element. A problem with diffusion barriers, for example in the form of plastic foil, is that condensation can accumulate on the inside of the diffusion barrier which causes the moisture insulation. Thanks to the heat in the pipe in the wall, condensation is prevented from forming on the inside of the diffusion barrier and thus prevents moisture in the insulation. Advantageously, the diffusion barrier is made of aluminum foil. Aluminum foil has a high thermal conductivity and helps to allow heat to be transferred from the pipe to the inner wall element.

According to another aspect of the invention, the object of the invention is achieved by a building as defined in claim 7.

The building comprises an outer wall according to the invention and a heat exchanger arranged to transfer heat to air, the pipe being connected to the heat exchanger so that hot air is transferred from the heat exchanger to the pipe. An advantage of heating the building with air that is heated by a single heat exchanger is that it is cheap and that it is possible to recover heat from the house ventilation. It also makes the device more environmentally friendly as less energy is required to keep the building heated.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the pipe and the heat exchanger constitute a closed system for air circulation. This increases the efficiency of the heat exchanger by preserving the remaining part of the heat in the pipe.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger is part of an air source heat pump. A single-air heat pump pumps around the air in the pipe and in this way it causes the air to circulate in the pipe. The air heat pump can advantageously be installed directly on the outside of the outer wall and connected to the pipe in the wall. An air source heat pump is relatively cheap to install and produces heat at a low cost, which provides a cheap heating of the building. Thanks to the air heat pump being connected to the pipes in the outer wall, the hot air from the heat pump can be directed to where it is needed and distributed over the entire wall, and can be led to several walls. In this way, the heating decommissioning becomes more efficient than if the heated air from the air heat pump is blown directly into the room.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the building comprises a floor and said pipe extends into the floor of the building, and the heating pipe is arranged to heat both the floor and the outer wall. This embodiment makes it possible to heat both walls and floors with the same heating system. By simultaneously heating both the walls and the floor in the building, the efficiency of the heating is increased. In addition, the comfort of the people in the building is increased by achieving a more even heat distribution in the rooms, and warm floors are comfortable to walk on.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the pipe is arranged in loops in the floor. The loops in the floor make it possible to cover as large an area of the floor as possible, which radiates heat towards the room to be heated.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the air in the pipe from said heat exchanger circulates in a direction where the heat first passes through the floor and then through one or more outer walls and then returns to the heat exchanger. Since the heat is at its highest directly after the heat exchanger and the heat transfer efficiency is at its highest in the floor due to the heat rising upwards, this direction will result in more efficient heating than the reheating air flowing in the opposite direction in the pipe.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the building comprises a floor joist which extends through the inner frame | to the outer frame | and which is connected to the outer and the inner frame | The floor joist connects the inner and the outer frame. The floor joist stabilizes the vertical inner joists and holds them in place. An advantage of this embodiment is that it is possible to insulate between the floor joists in the outer wall and that cold bridges in the outer wall are avoided.

When using an outer wall according to the invention, hot air is supplied to the pipe and hot air is transported in the pipe so that heat is transferred to the inner wall element.

Brief description of the drawings The invention will now be explained in more detail by describing different embodiments of the invention and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a part of a building according to a first embodiment of the invention comprising an outer wall seen from the short side of the wall. Figure 2 shows a cross-section AA of the outer wall seen from above. Figure 3 shows a cross-section BB of the outer wall seen from the long side of the outer wall. Figure 4 shows a cross-section of a building according to an embodiment of the invention seen from above. Figure 5 shows a part of a building according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments of the Invention Figures 1-3 show an example of an outer wall 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 shows a section through the outer wall seen from the short side of the wall. Figure 2 shows the outer wall seen from above in a section A-A through the outer wall shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 shows a section B-B through the outer wall shown in Figure 1 seen from the long side of the outer wall.

The outer wall 1 comprises a frame 3, an inner wall element 5 arranged on one side of the frame, an outer wall element 6 arranged on an opposite side of the frame, and thermal insulation 7 arranged between the inner and outer wall element 5, 6. The frame 3 comprises a number of vertical bars arranged on distance from each other. The frame may also include one or more horizontal bars. One of the functions of the frame is to support the inner and outer wall element. In this embodiment, the outer wall 1 is a double wall, which means that the body 3 is divided into an inner body part 8 and an outer body part 9. The inner wall element 5 is connected to the inner frame 8 and the outer wall element 6 is connected to the outer frame 9. The inner frame 8 comprises a plurality of vertical inner bars 11 and the outer frame 9 comprises a plurality of vertical outer bars 13. The inner and outer body part 8, 9 are arranged at a distance from each other so that a cavity 15 is formed between the inner and outer body part, i.e. between the vertical inner and outer studs 11, 13. The distance between the outer and inner body part can vary between 0.08-0.3 m, and is typically 0.1 m. The outer and inner studs are arranged so as to form two rows of bars and the cavity 15 are formed between the two rows. Preferably, the cavity 15 is filled with thermal insulation 7. The thermal insulation comprises a heat-insulating material, for example, mineral wool, cellular plastic or loose wool. The spaces formed between the outer joists 13 and the outer wall element 6 are also preferably filled with heat-insulating material. The outer wall also comprises sill 27 which is a horizontal beam and is arranged below the floor joist 21 which is closest to the ground. Its function is to act as a base for the outer wall 1. The outer wall also comprises a hammer band 22 which is a horizontal beam connected to the lower frame part 20b, whose function is to strengthen the outer wall 1 and bind together the lower frame part 20b and the floor joist 21.

The outer wall element 6 may comprise a windbreak and an outer wall cladding which may be of different materials, for example wood, brick, sheet metal, stone or plaster. The interior wall element 5 comprises an interior wall cladding, e.g. plaster or wooden boards. The inner wall element 5 is directly or indirectly connected to the vertical inner bars 11, and the outer wall element 6 is directly or indirectly connected to the vertical outer bars 13.

According to the invention, the outer wall comprises a pipe 17 with air-borne heat arranged to transfer heat to the inner wall element 5 in order in this way to heat the inner building. The pipe 17 is arranged to first transfer the heat to the internal wall element 5 which then transfers the heat to one or more rooms in the building. In this embodiment the pipe 17 is arranged in spaces 19 formed between the vertical inner bars 11 and the inner wall element 5. This placement of the pipe 17 means that most of the heat from the pipe is transferred to the inner wall element 5 since the main part of the thermal insulation 7 is arranged between the pipe. and the outer wall element 6. The tube 17 is preferably arranged in loops in the spaces 19 to heat as large an area as possible of the inner wall element 5, see figure 3. In the embodiment shown, the loops run horizontally along the height of the outer wall. However, it is also possible to let the loops run in a horizontal joint along the width of the outer wall. The outer wall 1 may advantageously also comprise a diffusion barrier 16 arranged between the tube 17 and the inner wall element 5 in order to prevent condensation and moisture from being transferred to the inner wall element. Thanks to the heat in the pipe in the wall, condensation is prevented from forming on the inside of the diffusion barrier and thus prevents moisture in the insulation. The diffusion barrier 16 may be, for example, a plastic foil. Advantageously, the diffusion barrier is made of aluminum foil which has a good ability to conduct heat and cold.

The pipe 17 should preferably be in a material with a high thermal conductivity, for example of plastic or metal. The pipe should preferably be of a flexible material so that during assembly it can be formed into loops which are adapted to the design of the wall. The pipes suitably have a diameter in the range 10 - 200 mm. Advantageously, the pipes can be corrugated, in order to increase their heat dissipation capacity. The pipes can also be smooth.

In this embodiment, the inner body part 8 is divided into an upper body part 20a and a lower body part 20b. A floor joist 21 extends horizontally between the upper and lower body members 20a-b so that the lower body member 20b carries the floor joist 21 and the upper body member 20 rests on the floor joist. The floor joist 21 comprises a plurality of floor joists arranged at a distance from each other. The floor joist is connected to the outer frame part 9, as shown in figure 1. This means that the floor joists are connected to the outer joists 13 of the wall. The pipe 17 can be connected to a heat exchanger which is arranged to heat the air in the pipe. In this embodiment, an air heat pump 23 is used which, together with the pipe 17, forms a closing system. The air heat pump contains an air to air heat exchanger. The air heat pump 23 is used to heat air and pump it out into the pipe 17 where the heated air circulates and transfers at least a part of its heat to the inner wall element 5. When the cooling air goes back into the air heat pump 23 it is reheated and pumped into the pipe 17 .

Figure 3 shows the position of the tube 17 between the vertical inner bolts 11 in the space 19. The upper part of the vertical inner bolt, which in Figure 2 is shown as the middle bolt, is shown in section, and shows how the tube is connected between the spaces 19. The tube 17 extends around the vertical inner bars 11 between the spaces 19 and then extends into the next space 19.

Figure 4 shows a section through a building according to an embodiment of the invention seen from above. The building shown has only one room and four outer walls 1 of the type shown in Figures 1 - 3, and a floor 25. In this embodiment the air is heated by an air heat pump 23 which is arranged outside the building. The air heat pump comprises a heat exchanger 24 arranged to exchange energy from the outdoor air to the air in the pipe 17. The air heat pump 23 is arranged to pump out the hot air from the heat exchanger to the pipe 17. In this embodiment the pipe 17 is arranged so as to extend into the floor of the building. the floor 25 and the outer wall 1. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the pipe 17 is pulled so that it first passes through the floor 25, then through one or more outer walls 1 and then back to the air heat pump 23. In an alternative embodiment the pipe 17 is pulled so that it first passes through the outer wall 1, then through the floor 25 and then back to the supply air heat pump.

The pipe 17 goes in loops in the floor and acts as underfloor heating and then continues into the walls where it goes in loops between the vertical inner bolts 11 before the pipe 17 returns to the air heat pump 23 where the air is heated and pumped out of the pipe again.

Figure 5 shows a part of a building according to an embodiment of the invention, where the pipe 17 is arranged to go both in the floor 25 and in the outer wall 1.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but may be varied and modified within the scope of the appended claims. It is e.g. possible to use more than one tube. It is also possible that the wall is of a single type. The heat exchanger may be of any known type adapted to transfer heat from air to air, for example, to transfer heat from hot outgoing air from the building ventilation to the air transported in the closed system comprising the pipe. In the mentioned embodiments there is only one end heating system where the air is heated and circulated by means of only one air heat pump. In other embodiments, there may be several closed systems in a building with several air source heat pumps and several pipes to increase the heat supply to the building.

It is also possible to transport cold air in the pipe in the wall to cool the room. In this way, the cane can transport hot air in the winter to heat the building and cold air in the summer to cool the building.

Claims (11)

Requirement An outer wall (1) of a building, the outer wall comprising a frame (3), an outer wall element (6) connected to one side of the frame, an inner wall element (5) connected to the opposite side of the frame (3) and insulation provided between the outer and inner wall element (6,5), characterized in that the outer wall (1) comprises at least one tube (17) adapted for transporting airborne heat and arranged between the outer and inner wall element (6,5) for heating the inner wall element, wherein the pipe (17) is arranged closer to the inner wall element (5) than the outer wall element (6) and at least the main part of the insulation is arranged between the pipe (17) and the outer wall element (6). The outer wall (1) according to claim 1, wherein the tube (17) is arranged in loops along the inner wall element (5). The outer wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (3) comprises an outer body part (9) connected to the outer wall element (6) and an inner body part (8) connected to the inner wall element (5), wherein the outer and the inner body part (9, 8) are arranged at a distance from each other so that a cavity (15) is formed between the outer and inner body part in which thermal insulation (7) is arranged. The outer wall (1) according to claims 2 and 3, wherein the inner body part (8) comprises a number of vertical inner bars (11) arranged at a distance from each other and said loops arranged between the inner bars (11). The outer wall according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the outer body part (9) comprises a number of vertical outer bars (13) arranged at a distance from each other and at a distance from the vertical inner bars (11), the vertical outer and inner bars (13, 11) are arranged so that the two rows of images and said cavities (15) are formed between the rows. The outer wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer wall (1) comprises a diffusion barrier (16) arranged between the tube (17) and the inner wall element (5), and the diffusion barrier (16) is made of aluminum foil. A building comprising an outer wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and a single heat exchanger (24) arranged to transfer heat to air, said pipe (17) being connected to the heat exchanger so that hot air is transferred from the heat exchanger to the pipe. The building according to claim 7, wherein the building comprises an air heat pump (23) containing said heat exchanger (24). 11 The building according to claims 7 or 8, wherein the building comprises a floor (25) and said pipe (17) extends into the floor (25) of the building and the pipe is arranged to heat both the floor and the outer wall (1). The building according to any one of claims 7 - 9, wherein the building comprises a floor joist (21) extending through the inner frame part (8) to the outer frame part (9), and which is connected to the outer and the inner frame part (9, 8). Use of an outer wall (1) according to any one of claims 1 - 6, wherein hot air is supplied to the pipe (17) and the hot air is transported in the pipe so that the heat from the hot air is transferred to the inner wall element (5).