AT510391A2 - ACTIVE FACADES - Google Patents

Description

1

active facade

State of the art

The invention relates to an active facade system for buildings according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Are known on the outer wall of buildings attachable diffusion-open Wärmedämmanordnungen that are particularly suitable for the production of so-called low-energy or passive houses. . ** ·· i · * • · · *

In the context of heat demand calculations for buildings play among other things the * · · · ♦

Transmission heat losses across the outer walls of buildings are a crucial \ i .. ♦ * * ·

Role. Especially for the dimensioning of the heating system is the reduction of the J

Transmission heat losses essential. * * * *

If heating energy is to be saved or, in all seasons, a temperature in the interior of a building is achieved with virtually no significant heating of the building by primary heat sources, then this building, which is insulated by certain measures, is usually called a passive house. This can get along with corresponding insulation with much less heating energy in relation to an uninsulated house.

A known insulation of a passive house achieves an 80% or even greater energy saving of heating energy. Only about 1 to 2 liters of heating oil per year are needed to heat a passive house per square meter.

For this, heat bridges must be avoided in the thermal insulation of the outer shell of the passive house, so that a continuous thermal bridge-free and diffusion-open insulation shell must be applied to the masonry of the outer wall. Üblicherweiseweise insulating layers are applied with a thickness between 10 and 20 cm in the form of mineral fiber mats or polystyrene plates on the outer skin of buildings 2 and there usually secured with dowels. Subsequently, the insulating layers are plastered or clad.

However, this type of construction is problematic in terms of the indoor air conditioning of the building, which is usually done by fresh air through the ventilation through open windows or doors or leaks in the house. As a result, however, the largest heat losses are achieved. Therefore, in the manufacture of passive houses, particular attention is paid to the airtightness of the buildings.

The use of air for the insulation of buildings is known (WO 97/30316 A1). , * · * ·

Air is heated to a certain temperature by a complex system and passed through the wall of a building in a single layer. Described is a '· **; • *

Multi-ply board, in which one or two layers are designed as an insulating layer and an *.: .. · · * of the layers forms an air duct. * * * * ·

A disadvantage of the known Dämmvorrichtungsanordnungen is that it to. "***

Mold growth can occur in edges and corner areas of the building, provided that the rooms inside are not sufficiently ventilated. The interruption of the diffusion can lead to problems with the building moisture in the masonry.

Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that the heating, for example, an air layer for insulation again requires the use of energy, whereby the energy balance of the entire building is adversely affected.

Also known are various types of heaters that are intended to heat interiors by heating the wall of a building, so that an interior heating system should be omitted. So conventional interior heating systems are to be replaced. However, heat losses to the outside and inwards are to be expected. It must be generated a very high energy consumption to achieve indoor heating over such a heater of except by heating the wall.

Against this background, the invention has the object of developing an insulation device for a facade so that Transmissionswärmeverfuste be avoided or at least reduced from the interior 3 ago and mold formation is avoided in the interiors despite almost complete airtightness.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. The subclaims indicate advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The invention and its advantages

The invention according to the features of the main claim, however, has the advantage that the temperature difference between the indoor air and the adjacent. · * **

Wall is reduced by a temperature control of the wall. II * • * * * * * • Λ

This temperature control and thus the reduction of the temperature difference between. ♦ · · ·

Interior and wall is characterized by the arrangement of a tube system between the

Masonry, so the wall, and achieved the outer insulating layer. Thus, the: *, # * ·

Heating of the building not mainly from the inside through the use of. * '* Heaters achieved, but mainly the heat transfer from the interior to the outer wall inner surfaces is avoided. This is achieved by balancing the heat loss on the wall outside under a facade insulation.

In this case, the tube system is designed so that the wall surfaces of the building are heated as completely as possible and over a large area by tubes arranged at suitable intervals. The tubes are arranged on the outside wall outside. Depending on the arrangement of the tubes, these outer wall outer sides of the building are covered with the tube system by at least 30%, in particular from 40% to more than 90%. It does not include the openings and openings such as windows or doors to the outer wall surfaces.

The positioning of the tubes across the entire building wall surface ensures even tempering of the walls of the entire building, minimizing heating energy requirements, maximizing energy efficiency and optimizing the relative humidity of the wall and the room air. In the tubes are either antifreeze or an antifreeze mixture with shares of water or heat transfer fluid. 4

The active facade system is designed taking into account the specific building heat demand defined according to the currently applicable standards. Therefore, it can be either as a sole heating system, insofar as the climatic conditions do not require further interior heating and the effect of preventing the heat flow from the interior by the tempering of the outer wall is sufficient, as well as a combination of an existing Heizflächensystems (wall, floor heating, radiators or the like) be installed with the active facade system.

All types of known insulation systems can be used on the building façade outer surface which is thermally activated with the active facade system.

The tube system may be formed as a wall heating system, wherein the tubes are for example made of PEX-FBH pipes or PP pipes (polypropylene), PP capillary pipe mats or metallic pipes, so that the wall heating system transfers heat to the outer surface of the building , This so-called wall heater is protected by the application of a wall insulation composite system from heat loss.

The Wandheizregister, so the tube system is, for example, mechanically fixed by clamping rails or mounting anchors on the outer walls and plastered over the entire surface to peak height with a commercial mineral plaster.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tubular Wandheizregisterkreis, which takes over the heat delivery to the thermally activated building facade surface, fixed at sufficiently solid structure of existing in the existing building exterior plaster on this plaster by suitable dowels and with a suitable adhesive or plaster mortar to at least the pipe apex, So the farthest from the wall of the pipe side, plastered.

In particular, an adhesive anchors dowel, which may be made of plastic, used, this adhesive anchors dowel is suitable according to its design for wind load securing wall connection of a thermal insulation composite system to the building wall 5 out. The bonding or attachment of the thermal insulation composite system takes place in this case on the provided with freshly workable adhesive mortar adhesive anchor.

The wall heating coil, which takes over the heat supply to the thermally activated building façade surface, is hydraulically separated from the interior heating surface circle. The tubular Wandheizregisterkreis is filled in particular with an antifreeze medium and operated. This means that in the tubes antifreeze is introduced, the water or a heat fluid can be added or admixed in different proportions. The system is therefore permanently protected against frost damage, even during longer periods without heating during the winter phases.

The loading of the thermally activated building façade surface is carried out with regard to its heat storage capacity and the ideal working time and working phase length for optimized system efficiency. Depending on the decision relevant to efficiency, heat is introduced into the active facade surface or into the interior heating surfaces (radiator, wall, floor heating and the like), or else heat is introduced into both systems. This entry is governed by a scheme specially programmed for this optimized application.

The heat energy for the Wandheizregister can be made available for example by an air heat pump. Their environmental energy efficiency is high because of the very low system temperatures and the operation even at outdoor temperatures below 0 ° C is very economical.

In the generation of renewable energy such as solar energy or heat pumps usually heat storage tanks have to be made available in the basement in which the heated water or the heat fluid can be stored. The energy of the memory thus remains unused for possibly longer periods of time.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the tubes are therefore designed as a buffer system. As a storage medium, you can either replace the 6 heat storage tanks or complete them. Both the activated building mass and a large part of the liquids otherwise to be stored in the tanks can also be used by the pipe system according to the invention for heating the wall to approximately room temperature.

In addition, for the temperature control and by the operation of regenerative

Systems such as solar systems accumulating return liquids of

thermal solar collectors with a temperature of usually 20 ° C to 55 ° C are used. This allows an increased energy yield of the plant to generate the regenerative energy over the entire heating period and thus to a faster. ····

Amortization of the plant. Previously unused waste heat can be reduced to low I " Γ

Temperature level can be fed into the walls and as a heat storage tank * ·; · * * serve. This waste heat can also be produced during the operation of photovoltaic solar cells, the efficiency of which decreases at elevated temperatures. The resulting # heat can be dissipated and used to heat the tube system. *. • · · • * * m

Outwardly, this serving as a heat storage layer with the tube system is protected by the insulation of known insulation materials, d. H. There is no exchange of heat to the outside, but only inward by the tempering of the wall into the room instead.

The usually resulting from the inside to outside transmission loss of heat is reduced to the inner wall surfaces for the active facade equipped wall sections to very small amounts, so that any existing inside the building heating surfaces can be operated at greatly reduced system temperatures. For example, an air heat pump used could supply heat to the existing heat distribution system, ie classic radiators, and / or to the active facade.

The device dimensioning or system temperature of the heaters for the interior can be lower by using the active facade, since the used wall surfaces such as a heat buffer compensate for extreme demand peaks by heat release and take over the majority of the radiator system in the redevelopment version. 7

The indoor climate is noticeably improved by the measures described. The moisture content decreases in the outer wall area due to the average 5 to 1 K higher component temperature. This can no longer cause condensation-moisture damage. Balanced temperature conditions of the indoor air and the outer wall surface approximate a passive house climate. By the

Active facade system, a pleasant building temperature is achieved. This increases the comfort for the users of the building.

It is possible under certain conditions, a timely adjustable 10 temperature control of the individual rooms. A targeted individual room-specific control of the interior temperatures is always possible if the active facade system is installed as a combination of an existing Heizflächensystems with the active facade system. In this case, the active facade takes over the compensation of the transmission losses over the outer wall surface and thus shares 15 of the basic heating load. About the operation of existing, integrated into the system

Innenheizflächen, so the radiator, wall heating, floor heating and the like, the single-room temperature inside the building can then be varied as needed. 20 The higher insulation value of the old outer wall due to the decreasing component light improves the overall energy balance. Thus, the energy costs can be reduced and a certain independence from the fossil fuels oil and gas can be achieved. The measures mentioned can be carried out in the context of a building renovation program with the installation of a thermal insulation system with a 25 heat exchange even in old buildings. In this case, a deliberately different zone heating due to the optional integration of an existing heating surface system in the building must be taken into account. This has to be taken into account for existing buildings. 30 The tube system can also be used in hot countries to control the temperature of the

Building wall, in this case, the cooling by appropriate cooling liquids serve. Also for the cooling, a control programmed for this purpose is used. 8th

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention are the following description, the drawings and claims removed.

drawings

1 schematically shows the state of the art of the previous space heating, in FIG. 2 the state of the art of the heat input from the inside to the outside is shown, FIG.

3 shows in a vertical section the principle of the active facade, in FIG. 4 the heat balance is shown outside under the insulating layer in a horizontal section,

FIG. 5 shows an oblique view of the active facade, FIG. 6 shows a frontal view of the building with the tube system and solar collectors on the roof of the building,

7 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a distribution plan of a heatable medium of a building, and FIG. 8 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a distribution plan of a heatable medium in the building.

Description of the embodiments

Fig. 1 shows the temperature distribution of an outer wall of a building with a known from the prior art space heating in the vertical section. Here, the living room 1 must be heated to about 22 6C to have a pleasant feeling of warmth in the room. The heat flows through the interior plaster 2 in the outer wall 3, which has a temperature of 14 ° C on average. From there, the heat continues to flow into the external plaster 4, from there into the insulation system 5. From this, the heat flows into the environment. 9

In Fig. 2, the temperature distribution of an outer wall of a building with a known from the prior art space heating is shown in horizontal section.

The living room 1 must be heated to about 22 ° C to have a pleasant feeling of warmth in the room. The heat flows through the interior plaster 2 in the outer wall 3, which has a temperature of 14 ° C on average. From there, the heat continues to flow into the external plaster 4, from there into the insulation system 5. From this, the heat flows into the environment.

Fig. 3 shows the principle of an active facade in the vertical section, in which a pipe system 6 is introduced in the outer plaster 4. This tube system 6 serves for one of. ·· ··

Storage of heat and on the other to temper the facade. In doing so I 'flows! for a heat through the insulation system 5 to the outside in the environment and to * ··· · other heat flows into the outer wall 3 and keeps it at about 19 ° C. Thus, it is enough for a pleasant living environment when the living space 1 is heated to about 19 ° C. Ϊ

This leads to the reduction of heating costs. * * * · * * «·

Fig. 4 shows the principle of an active facade in horizontal section, in the outer plaster 4, a tube system 6 is introduced. This tube system 6 serves on the one hand the storage of heat and thus on the other to temper the facade. On the one hand heat flows through the insulation system 5 to the outside in the environment and on the other hand, heat flows into the outer wall 3 and keeps it at about 19 ° C. Thus, it is sufficient for a pleasant living environment, when the living room 1 is heated to about 19 ° C.

Fig. 5 shows an active facade in an oblique view. On the outer wall 3, the interior plaster 2 is mounted on the inside of the room and mounted on the outside of the tube system 6 in the external plaster. On the exterior plaster, the insulation system 5 is applied, which is provided on its outside with a protective plaster layer 7.

In Fig. 6 the outside view of a building without external plaster and insulation system is shown. The arrangement of the tube system 6 is shown on the outer wall 3, wherein the tubes of the tube system 6 are passed around the window 8 around. The tube system 6 covers about 70% of the outer surface of the 10th

Outside wall 3 from. On the roof 9 thermal solar collectors 10 are shown for heat generation, the heat is fed into the tube system 6.

Fig. 7 shows a heat distribution system of a building in a first embodiment. The thermal solar collectors 10 produce heat, which is fed via pipes 11 into the facade register 6. About the pipes 11, the heat can be performed both in the classic radiator 12 and in the tank 13 for heated drinking water, so as to provide, for example, the shower 14 with hot water. t * · ·

FIG. 8 shows a heat distribution system in a second exemplary embodiment. The radiator 12 and the warm drinking water storage 13 are connected by * ·· * · pipes 15. In a building renovation can then be connected to feed * · * ♦ of heat, an air heat pump 16. A heat exchanger 17 is used to exchange the heat between the pipes 15, which is usually with

Are filled with water, and the outer pipes 18, which are outside the house filled with a "* * containing antifreeze medium. 19 is a first surge tank for the pipelines 15, 20 shows a second surge tank for the outer piping 18. On the outer piping 18, the solar thermal collectors 10 are connected on the roof to supply the heat to the system. Furthermore, the tube system 6 is connected to the outer pipelines 18 in order to store the excess heat on the one hand and to heat the outer façade on the other hand. Due to the temperature of the facade, the flow temperature in the pipes 15 for the heater 12 can be significantly reduced.

All in the description, the following claims and the drawings illustrated features may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.

Reference I iste 1 living room 2 interior plaster 11

outer wall

Exterior plaster insulation system pipe system

Protective plaster layer

window

Roof thermal solar collectors

piping

radiator

tank

shower

piping

Air heat pump heat exchanger

Outside piping first expansion tank second expansion tank

Claims (17)

1 active facade system for a building, comprising an outer wall (3) and an outer insulating layer (5), characterized in that between the outside of the outer wall (3) and the insulating layer (5) a tube system (6) with a Antifreeze containing heatable medium filled, the outside of the outer wall (3) to at least 30% β · · ·. "Overlapping tubes is arranged so that a temperature of ;; \; Outside wall (3) and thereby reducing the temperature difference between. • ♦ an interior of the building and the outer wall (3) is achievable. , • * * · • ♦ » 2. active facade system according to claim 1, characterized in that the * * tube system (6) covers 40% to 90% of the outside of the outer wall (3). # · · · · * * · 3. active facade system according to claim 2, characterized in that the tube system (6) covers 70% to 80% of the outside of the outer wall (3). 4. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes of the tube system (6) made of flexible plastic, in particular PEX-FBH plastic or polypropylene, or polypropylene capillary tube mats or metal are formed. 5. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatable medium comprises water or a heat transfer fluid. 6. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of antifreeze in the heatable medium between 20 wt .-% and 100 wt .-% is. 13 7. active facade system according to claim 6, characterized in that the proportion of antifreeze in the heatable medium is 50 to 60 wt .-%. 8. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatable medium by means of an air heat pump (16) is heated. 9. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatable medium by storage heat, in particular of thermal solar collectors (10), is heated. , * - * · * V »· * 10. Active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heatable medium by waste heat, in particular. • »* of photovoltaic and / or solar thermal systems (10) or combined photovoltaic / solar thermal systems (10). · * • - · · · * · 11. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube system (6) on the outside of the outer wall (3) is fixable by dowels and plastered with an adhesive or plaster mortar to at least the pipe crown. 12. active facade system according to claim 11, characterized in that the dowel is a adhesive anchors dowel, which is formed of plastic. 13. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes of the tube system (6) by means of clamping rails and / or fastening hooks between the outside of the outer wall (3) and the insulating layer (5) can be applied. 14. active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube system (6) is designed as a buffer memory for heat energy and / or heating surface for heat exchangers. 14 15. Active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that heat by means of the tube system (6) in the outer wall (3) and by means of Innenheizflächen, in particular radiator, wall, floor heating udgl. into the interiors of the building can be introduced, wherein 5, the tube system (6) and the Innenheizflächen are hydraulically separated from each other. 16. active facade system according to claim 15, characterized in that the introduction of the heat in the outer wall (3) and in the Innenheizflächen each 10 independently or in dependence on each other by means of programmable control (or control units can be controlled or regulated. 17. Active facade system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube system (6) can be retrofitted to old buildings attachable 15.