DE102008009553A9 - Integrated external wall heating - a method of using the solid exterior wall as a thermal storage integrated into a building heating and cooling system and as a Murokausten heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention describes the "integrated external wall heating", a method in which an external wall heating (aWH) 32 the massive outer wall 31 as outer wall storage 3 for the heat (or cold) in a comprehensive heating system (or cooling system) of a building and also binds can be used to heat (or cool) circulating air or fresh air 9, which is guided in a Murokausten 35 between outer wall 31 and insulation 33. The outer wall 31 can be thermally opened not only for loading but also for discharging by an external wall heating (aWH) 32, in that the discharge of the outer wall storage not only takes place passively and with a time delay into the interior of the building but is actively and controlled by the coupling to external Heat exchanger 4 and / or to the flowing in the Murokausten 35 fresh air 9 is operated. The Murokauste 35 can be set up in the attachment of the thermal insulation 33 by a delimited but between an air inlet and an air outlet continuous cavity is created by suitable alignment of the adhesive mortar for the thermal insulation panels. The Muro plug 35 can also be used as a heat sink for a solar air collector, wherein the air gives off its heat both to the outer wall 31 and to the aWH 32. By the method according to the invention, the aWH 32 can contribute with a high proportion of cover for building heating with low-temperature heat. The ...

Description

The invention describes the "integrated external wall heating", a method in which an external wall heating (aWH) 32 the massive outer wall 31 as external wall storage 3 for heat (or even cold) into a more comprehensive heating system (or cooling system) of a building and can also be used for this purpose, circulating air or fresh air 9 to warm (or cool) in a Murokausten 35 between outer wall 31 and thermal insulation 33 to be led.

Around For the sake of linguistic simplicity, the following becomes primary the heating operation is listed and a transmission to the cooling mode only expressis verbis addressed if important for this Particularities result.

1.1 State of the art

to Utilization of low-temperature heat sources are surface heating systems State of the art. These include floor, ceiling and wall heaters. In recent years, also a mounting of a low temperature heating system inside the outer shell of a building (/ 1 / to / 6 /) and theoretically examined (/ 6 /). In a certain way Way can also be a reference to "solid building parts" (claim 8 of / 7 /) an indication of an external wall heating read out. Also the long known method of "dynamic Insulation "refers the temperature of the outer wall through the use of heat low temperature, z. B. exhaust air, in the considerations of energy conservation a (summary of g. / 8 /).

• • Möglichst weitgehende Ausnutzung des NT-Wärmeinhaltes der Heizquellen, und zwar sowohl bei den gegenwärtig vorherrschenden fossilen Brennstoffen als auch bei solarer oder geothermischer Zusatzheizung
• • geringer Zusatzaufwand, einfach und preisgünstig
• • gute Eignung zur Nachrüstung bestehender Gebäude, und zwar sowohl technisch als auch im Hinblick auf eine Bewohnerfreundliche Installation

A special form of external wall heating, which is important for the renovation of old buildings, is the external wall heating (aWH) 32 (/ 1 /, / 5 /, / 6 /), in the context of a "anyway to be carried out" thermal renovation on the outside of a massive outer wall 31 before installing a thermal insulation 33 (eg a thermal insulation composite system (ETICS)) a surface heating in the form of capillary tube mats or other heating pipes is attached (Figure 1). The advantages of this aWH can be summarized as follows:

• • To make the most possible use of the NT heat content of the heating sources, both in the currently prevailing fossil fuels and in solar or geothermal additional heating
• • low extra effort, simple and inexpensive
• • good suitability to retrofit existing buildings, both technically and in terms of residential-friendly installation

The aWH has hitherto only been considered as a wall heating system. So use Krecke / 1 / for example in his "Terrasol Procedure "the aWH, which he calls "temperature barrier" to Coupling of held in a separate floor storage Heat in the building. Here, the heating medium in a bottom plate, which is connected to the bottom storage coupled, heated and gives his warmth then over the aWH ("temperature barrier") to the building. This procedure is designed as seasonal heat storage / 2 /.

at well-insulated buildings will be the Heat portion, which is required for tempering the fresh air, getting bigger. At the Passive house / 9 / can even the entire required heating power over one Temperature control of the supply air done. However, this is a separate Heating system required.

1.2 Problem definition and solution approach

problem

The on the outside the massive wall fed heat is due to thermal inertia delayed in time on the inside of the outside wall to the building issued. This merely represents a passive form of storage and discharge. The thermal inertia as well as the passive form the heat output complicate the needs-based transmission in the outer wall coupled heat to the interior. Furthermore is the maximum size of the useful heat flow severely limited by the thermal resistance of the massive outer wall.

It Therefore, a method is sought to actively regulate the heat flow from the heat storage "outer wall" and significantly increase.

The aWH requires a significant investment and you would be glad if you at least at a house refurbished to passive house standard without further heating devices would come. In a passive house can with the aWH, the entire heat requirement covered, but this requires a corresponding increase in Temperature of the heating medium. The aWH will then not only compensate the heat loss used through the wall but must in the "overall mode" the surface temperature the inside of the outside wall raise so far that u. a. also required for heating the fresh air heat provided. On the other hand, with an available aWH the fresh air as a heating carrier to compensate for other heat losses relieved. Therefore, a method is sought, the aWH directly to Warming of Use fresh air.

Of the Degree of coverage of a solar heating system can be significantly increased if a solar air collector its heat at the lowest possible temperature level can deliver directly. So far, this can only be done by solar heating Fresh air is achieved. However, it is desirable to have more air is necessary to heat solar and as fresh air supply to use at a low temperature level.

approach

• • ein vom Heizmedium der aWH versorgter Wasser-Luft-Wärmeübertrager zur Erwärmung von Umluft und – besonders günstig – Frischluft
• • innen liegende Flächenheizsysteme (Fußbodenheizung, Wandheizung, Deckenheizung) zur Niedertemperaturanwendung
• • eine direkte Erwärmung der Frischluft an der durch die aWH beheizten Oberfläche der massiven Außenwand; hierzu muss die Frischluft durch eine Murokauste zwischen der massiven Außenwand und dem Wärmedämmverbundsystems (WDV) geführt werden.

The main objective of the current invention is to integrate the outer wall as a short-term and also as a medium-time storage for the hourly and some-day range in a more comprehensive building heating system. By forming a cavity between a solid outer wall and thermal insulation as a Muro plug, the aWH and the outer surface of the solid outer wall can also be used as air heat exchangers within the building heating system. An outside wall heating in itself already acts as a passive heat storage due to its inertia. The outer wall can be considered not only as a passive thermal resistance with storage capacity: an installed aWH can namely be used to actively thermally discharge a heated outer wall and supply the heat through the heating water to a faster and better controllable heating device. There, however, the temperature drop must be large enough for this active discharge mode to operate effectively. As heating devices for removing the heat stored in the outer wall are suitable:

• • A water-to-air heat exchanger supplied by the aWH heating medium for heating recirculated air and - especially favorable - fresh air
• • internal surface heating systems (underfloor heating, wall heating, ceiling heating) for low temperature application
• • a direct heating of the fresh air at the aWH heated surface of the massive outer wall; For this purpose, the fresh air must be passed through a Muro plug between the massive outer wall and the thermal insulation composite system (ETICS).

These Heating devices can be combined, with countercurrent, the fresh air heating on cold end one as possible low return temperature causes.

1.3 The integrated external wall heating

With its pipes thermally coupling to the outer wall, the aWH 32 Feed in heat and remove again. By incorporating into a suitable more comprehensive heating system, the unit can be made of exterior wall 31 , aWH 32 and external insulation 33 exists, then as a fully functional "external wall storage" 3 treated in a similar way as a compact heat storage; However, this results in a previously unusually large storage capacity at a previously unusually low temperature level.

Figure 2 shows a circuit for the integration of the external wall storage 3 shown in an active heating system. In charge mode, the pump pushes 2 the heating water of the low temperature source 1 with switch S1 closed (S4 and S5 remain open) in the external wall heating (aWH) 32 , whereby the outer wall storage 3 So, in concrete terms, the outer wall 31 , is loaded. In addition to the passive discharge mode on the inside of the outer wall 31 can now according to the invention in the active discharge mode through the switches S4 and S5 of the outer wall storage 3 on the water-air rage 4 for heating circulating air or fresh air 9 and / or on the surface heating 5 be switched (S1 remains open).

The basic circuit according to Figure 2 can still be varied in different ways. For example, Figure 3 shows surface heating 5 and water-air rage 4 connected in series. As with increasing discharge of the outer wall storage 3 the operation of an internal surface heating 5 not worthwhile, this can be bridged with the switch S4. Importantly, the water-air rage 4 always at the cold end, so that - especially when warming fresh air 9 - The return temperature for the discharge of the external wall storage tank 3 as low as possible.

Is fresh air 9 for heat absorption available, so you can in a "combination mode" by serial coupling of the water-air Wüt 4 even when charging the wall storage a lower return temperature for the NT source 1 to reach. For this purpose, as shown in Figure 4, the NT source 1 , the exterior wall storage 3 and the rage 4 (optionally) connected in series. The lower return temperature leads to improved efficiency in many NT sources (eg a solar collector). By the way, this results if the NT source 1 enough power, no impairment of the charging process of the wall storage 3 since the storage process is controlled only by the supply of the NT source via the temperature difference between the heating medium and the adjacent outer wall layer. For optional operation corresponding switches are provided. In combination mode, S4 is closed and S3 and S1 remain open. With S1 and S4 the system can also be operated in pure charging mode (S1 closed, S4 open). With S3, the NT source can be opened in the discharge mode 1 bridge (S3 to)

1.4 Further design and properties

1.41 External wall storage and NT sources.

If a heating system through high-quality energy sources such as fuel oil or Natural gas is powered and the installed capacity of the furnace adequately sized or even oversized is, you do not need to storage options at first take care of. A possibility for heat dissipation however, at low temperature allows a heating operation with low exhaust gas temperature, which in particular then comes into play when the heat of condensation of the exhaust gas in a separate NT heating circuit or NT storage circuit can be discharged.

From greater Significance are NT heat storage when using fluctuating heat sources such as solar heat or in the cost optimization of the supply of grid-bound energy sources - such as electricity for heat pump application. The decentralized NT heat storage serve to balance the daily curve of electricity demand and should enable the plant operator to favorable with temporally variable tariffs To get electricity prices.

In addition, should it possible be, the fluctuating heat demand a building through integration of a large volume Heat storage time compensate.

1.42 The outer wall as heat storage considered

The outer wall as a heat storage, so the outer wall storage 3 , has the following characteristics:

(1) Great heat capacity.

In the case of a stone wall with a thickness of d = 300 [mm], a specific heat capacity WS of the order of magnitude of just 0.2 [kWh / K / m ² ] is obtained per m ² , as can be easily estimated: WS = d · ρ · c p = 0.3 [m] x 2000 [kg / m 3 ] · 1 [kJ / kg / K] = 600 [kJ / K / m 2 ] = 0.17 [kWh / K / m 2 ] (1)

(2) Low tank temperature

Of the Outer wall storage probably only NT heat to save. However, you do not have to be too squeamish, because according to the design yes for the uninsulated outer wall by the sunlight and the temperature variation of the outside air not inconsiderable Fluctuations in the wall temperature had to be accepted.

Without wall heating and in the thermal equilibrium between indoor and outdoor temperature along the spatial coordinate z, which may run in the wall from the inside out, sets a characteristic temperature profile, which is given by the thermal resistance of the individual wall layers and the thermal insulation. This temperature is referred to as the "quiescent temperature" T ₀ (z) / 6 / When the exterior wall storage tank is loaded by the aWH, "storage heat" is generated in the wall material, and this is exactly the amount of heat resulting from the local temperature increase compared to the quiescent temperature T ₀ (z) yields. The quiescent temperature T ₀ (z) can therefore also be considered as the (location-dependent) temperature of the store when fully discharged.

(3) Low leakage currents.

When Real leakage current is usually only the additional heat flow over the outer wall insulation to be expected, the "anyway anyway" aspired to large insulation thicknesses is very high. The heat flow inside, over the inside of the outside wall in the room, however, is usually regarded as useful heat, because even in the Einspeise- or holding time of the heat demand of the house will fall to zero. A possible increase in the internal temperature leads beyond for activating the interior walls as additional Heat storage.

(4) Only "Anything else" costs

Of the Actual storage actually costs nothing. The former ones costs for the outer wall You can not even consider them as "any-way" costs, you could highest than "Anyway already existed "costs designate as they were already made during the construction of the house.

(5) loading and unloading.

Of the Exterior wall storage discharges of course already passive in the building interior. However, this passive discharge is very sluggish and hardly controllable. Therefore is additional to strive for an active discharge, via the capillary tubes, tubes or channels the aWH is docking to the store.

• • die beim Einkoppeln „heiße Seite" des Speichers trägt nur mit starker Zeitverzögerung zur direkten Heizung des Raumes bei. Dies ist erwünscht, da während der Einspeisezeit der Wärmebedarf des Raumes naturgemäß eher gering ist, -sonst würde man ja nicht über überschüssige Wärme zum Abspeichern verfügen.
• • Beim Auskoppeln der Wärme darf man auch mit einer Temperatur des Heizmediums arbeiten, die unterhalb der Raumtemperatur liegt. Also beispielsweise direkt mit Frischluft oder mit durch Frischluft abgekühlten Heizwasser. Würde man dies an der Innenseite der Außenwand durchführen, müsste man „ungemütliche" Wandtemperaturen oder gar ausfallende Feuchte besorgen.

The coupling to the outer wall storage on the outside has several technical advantages over a yes also conceivable coupling on the inside:

• • the "hot side" of the storage tank when coupled in contributes to the direct heating of the room only with a considerable time delay, which is desirable because the heat requirement of the room is naturally rather low during the feed-in time - otherwise you would not be storing excess heat for storage feature.
• • When decoupling the heat, you may also work with a temperature of the heating medium that is below the room temperature. For example, directly with fresh air or with fresh air cooled heating water. If you would do this on the inside of the outer wall, you would have to get "uncomfortable" wall temperatures or even precipitating moisture.

Numerical example:

The meaning of the statements (1), large heat capacity, and (3), low heat loss, are shown in the following example calculation. We consider an outer wall storage of 1 m ² wall surface with the following characteristics:
Suppose:
Internal temperature = 20 [° C]; Outside temperature = 0 [° C] wall area: 1 [m ² ]
X _aWH = 0.1 = proportion of wall heat losses in the total heat demand
Stone wall with wall thickness d = 0.3 [m]
mean temperature of loaded storage: 10 [K] above mean resting temperature
mean temperature in the plane z _w (see Fig. 1) of the aWH: 20 [K] above quiescent temperature T ₀ (z _w )
External insulation with a thermal conductivity from the heating level to the outside air of U _a = 0.3 [W / m ² / K].
Then arise
with the numerical value of Eq. (1) During the hold time, the following values for the outer wall storage: Quantity of stored heat: QQS = WS · 10 [K] = 0.2 · 10 = 2 [kWh / m 2 ] Leakage heat flux: Q a = U a · 20 [K] = 6 [W / m 2 ]

In other words, in order to keep the memory unchanged in its hold state with a memory content of QQS = 2 [kWh / m ² ], it is necessary to apply a loss heat flux Q _a of only 6 [W / m ² ]; So only after 2000/6 = 367 [h] = about 15 days, the original memory content would be replaced by the waste heat stream.

With the assumed factor X _{_aWH} = 0.1 and complete opening of the outer wall by the aWH, at 20 [K] temperature difference between inside and outside, a total heat requirement of Q _a / X _{_aWH} related to the outer wall _surface , ie about 60 [W / m ² ]. The external wall storage therefore supplies the entire building because of: t Total supply = 2000 [Wh] / 60 [W] = 37 [h] = about 1.5 days for about one and a half days completely with heat, - but only with correct dosage of the withdrawal streams. In fact, however, the discharge currents are limited due to the inertia within the outer wall storage, so that the discharge will take place with only partial coverage but over a correspondingly longer time.

To this above mentioned Buffering time through the discharge of the outer wall storage comes the normal inertia of the building, characterized by a lowering of the temperature of the interior of the building and a cold the outer wall below the rest temperature results, of course, still unchanged.

1.43 Integrated aWH: Optimization in terms of on their memory function

• • die Rohre der aWH werden enger verlegt als zur reinen Funktion als Flächenheizung notwendig. Dadurch ergeben sich kürzere Beladungszeiten und der Speicher kann auch schneller wieder entladen werden.
• • auf der Innenseite der Außenwand wird eine Innendämmung angebracht. Das verringert zwar den passiven Entladestrom, erhöht aber die Speicherkapazität wg. der niedrigeren Ruhetemperatur und wg. des Temperaturabfalles in der inneren Dämmschicht.
• • auf der Innenseite der Außenwand wird eine Schicht mit einem Phasenwechselmaterial (= Phase Change Material, PCM) angebracht. Dies erhöht die thermische Zeitkonstante der Wand.

The integrated aWH may be of interest in some applications, mainly because of their memory function. Then you have to ask yourself: How do I construct the aWH and how do I subsequently optimize the outer wall to strengthen this functionality? Here are some ideas:

• • the pipes of the aWH are laid more narrowly than necessary for the pure function as underfloor heating. This results in shorter loading times and the storage can be unloaded faster.
• • Inner insulation is applied to the inside of the outer wall. Although this reduces the passive discharge current, but increases the storage capacity wg. the lower resting temperature and wg. the temperature drop in the inner insulation layer.
• • On the inside of the outer wall, a layer with a phase change material (= Phase Change Material, PCM) is attached. This increases the thermal time constant of the wall.

you could object that by the latter additional options on the inside of the outer wall an important advantage of the aWH, namely the resident friendliness with subsequent installation (see Section 1.1), lost again. This is partly correct, but on the other hand, only works are done in the apartment, the no more than the usual "painting and renovation work" burden: there is no need Stone work as in the laying of heating pipes and wall breakthroughs etc. be made. And also with the laying of underfloor heating it is not comparable.

1.44 Integrated aWH: Integration of a Murokauste

From an exergetic point of view, it is advisable to keep the temperature difference between the media of a heat exchanger as small as possible. For this purpose, large heat exchanger surfaces are required; - However, these are already available for an aWH, which is designed as surface heating. So you can think of it, the out of the aWH considered in section 1.3 heat exchangers, they are compact or designed as surface heating inside the building designed to be combined directly with the aWH.

For this then the heat has to be receiving or heat supplying air directly to the aWH. In order to make this possible is when installing the aWH and installing the thermal insulation in the Area between aWH and insulation layer an air duct (or several smaller air ducts) attached. These air flow serving The device inside the wall is called the Muro plug.

• 1. Bei der Anbringung von aWH und Wärmedämmverbundsystem kann durch leichte Modifizierung oder Ergänzung der „sowieso" durchzuführenden Arbeitsschritte eine geeignete Murokauste und die dazu gehörigen Einlass und Auslassvorrichtungen geschaffen werden.
• 2. Gleichzeitig können hierbei stellenweise besondere Vorrichtungen und „Einbauten" erstellt werden, die den Wärmeübergang von der strömenden Luft an die massive Außenwand und an die aWH verbessern und dabei den Druckabfall in der Murokauste klein halten.
• 3. Sind die Vorrichtungen einmal installiert, können sie in vielfältiger Weise betrieben werden (Heizung und Kühlung, Wärmerückgewinnung aus Abluft, Heizung mit solar erwärmter Luft u. a.).

Now there are three aspects:

• 1. When installing the aWH and thermal insulation composite system, by modifying or supplementing the "work to be done anyway", a suitable Muro plug and the associated inlet and outlet devices can be created.
• 2. At the same time, in places, special devices and "internals" can be created, which improve the heat transfer from the flowing air to the massive outer wall and to the aWH while keeping the pressure drop in the Murokauste small.
• 3. Once the devices have been installed, they can be operated in a variety of ways (heating and cooling, heat recovery from exhaust air, heating with solar heated air, etc.).

1.441 A Muroto bush between massive outer wall and insulation boards

A Murokouse is a system of wide-walled air ducts running in the wall that were used by Romans to heat their dwellings in the northern parts of their empire (ie in Germany in the early civilized areas of the left bank of the Rhine). In connection with the application of a thermal insulation composite system and the development of the storage function of the massive outer wall by an aWH can now produce with little effort a Murokauste on the outer surface of the massive outer wall:
In external insulation, the thermal insulation panels are usually by adhesive mortar, which is shaped as a "bunch" or as a strip ("beads"), attached to the solid and usually not very flat outer wall and secured by additional dowels. Since these connection materials (for reasons of cost and because of the unevenness of the wall) are not applied area-covering, there is a cavity between the outside of the solid outer wall and the thermal insulation. The thickness of this cavity can be chosen in a certain range, depending on the substrate between perhaps half a cm and 2 to 3 cm. In thermal insulation laid on rails, there is even greater freedom in the design of cavities or air ducts. Figure 5 shows such a Muro plug: In the thermal impact area of the external wall heating (aWH) 32 results as a Muro pepper 35 designated gap or channel of fresh air 9 and / or circulating air can be flowed through. The thickness of the Muro puddle can be improved by applying the adhesive mortar 34 and the fixing dowels (not shown in Figure 5) are adjusted in a manner suitable for the planned air flow.

So far, however, the bonding mortar is deliberately applied so that no continuous channels between the cavities under the individual dam plates arise (/ 10 /). It wants to prevent heat loss through a spacious rear ventilation of the outer insulation. However, this justified precautionary measure does not necessarily have to be small-scale or even applied to a single dam plate. It can be replaced without any loss of function by a larger-scale design of the adhesive mortar pattern (Figure 6). Then, for certain areas of the facade or even for the entire outer wall side, the cavities under the dam plates can be consciously and extensively connected to one another. The result is a coherent system of cavities and adhesive supports made of adhesive mortar batzen 340 and adhesive mortar beads, which can be described as a whole "Muro plug." The circuit of the air flow via flaps or fans at the air inlets 36 and / or at the air outlets 37 , By crossbar 341 and longitudinal bars 342 made of adhesive mortar, the Muro pudding on all sides can be completed, whereby an involuntary ventilation with external air is suppressed.

The air inlets 36 of a continuous flow area should all be arranged at the same height. Either you can provide for a flow area only a single air inlet, or you can by additional crash barriers 343 from adhesive mortar obstruct a direct short circuit of air between adjacent air inlets. Furthermore, Murokausten should not be fluidly connected to different walls, so that no cross-flow can develop because of different wind pressure.

Depending on the application, you can have a single Muro pepper 35 rather spacious, ie with several air outlets 37 and one or more air inlets 36 , interpret (Figure 6) or rather small-scale exactly one air outlet 37 assign.

In the clearer small-scale Off laying a Muro plug 35 (Picture 7) is every air outlet 37 assigned to a wall area, by beads of adhesive mortar as a cross bar 341 or longitudinal bars 342 separated from neighboring Murokausten. The initially cold fresh air 9 flows through the air inlet 36 into the Murokouse. As long as the fresh air is not yet largely heated, it not only cools the wall of the solid outer wall heated by the aWH 31 (see eg Fig. 5) but also the inner wall of the thermal insulation 33 ; but this reduces the heat loss to the outside. As long as the inside temperature of the insulation 33 remains below the local resting temperature T ₀ (z), the outer wall loses even less heat than in the case of rest when the aWH is switched off. The warming of the outside air can then be assigned not only to the aWH but also to a part of the quiescent heat flow.

In order to make better use of this effect, one leaves a large area of the Muro puddle without any special installations and - if necessary - concentrates internals to improve the heat transfer to the vicinity of the air outlet 37 , In picture 7 is therefore the air outlet 37 for example, from an air-side closed ring made of special "embedded heat transfer bodies" 6 surrounded in the following section. However, it is also possible to use other structural devices in this zone to increase the heat transfer between air and wall, as they are widely used in the art of heat exchangers (eg / 11 / VDI-Wärmeatlas).

A somewhat simpler solution is shown in Figure 8: The "Embedded heat transfer bodies" 6 are here within the Murokouse 35 as a "cross bar" between the air intake 36 and air outlet 37 arranged. This arrangement, which can also extend uniformly over adjacent Murokausten away, can be particularly with the discussed in the next section of composite body 336 from insulation board and "embedded heat transfer body" 6 realize well.

It should be prevented that z. B. due to time-varying wind pressure already preheated air at the air inlet 36 uncontrolled from the Murokauste 35 exit to the outside. This can be done through a diffuser 6a , an air-side closed ring of homogeneous as possible flow obstacles, such as. By the abovementioned "embedded heat transfer bodies" 6 be achieved (Figure 8). However, these obstacles cost printing and must therefore be carefully sized. In addition, they should offer, depending on the location of the air intake, in addition, certainly desired by some builder protection against invading mice and other small animals.

1.442 Embedded heat exchanger to increase the Heat transfer

Due to the wide-surface air flow and at a height of about 1 to 2 centimeters of Murokauste arise low air velocity and usually laminar flow conditions. Since the amount of fresh air is specified, this can not affect operationally. So if necessary, the Murokauste must be designed so that there are higher heat transfer values between the air and the wall. Since the heat conduction in the solid outer wall causes a temperature compensation and also ensures the aWH for heat removal, it is sufficient if the internals to improve the heat transfer extend only over strip-shaped portions of the Murokauste. However, as the air is not allowed to bypass these high heat transfer strips, these strips must either fill the entire cross-section of a Murokausten channel, or at least the inflow to an air outlet, either as a cross bar 37 cover as already mentioned in section 1.441.

Inter alia, an "embedded heat transfer body" is suitable for this purpose 6 , a special form of embedded heat exchanger / 12 /. In the embedded heat exchanger in its original form as an air-to-air heat exchanger (Figure 9), the two fluids w and k are in countercurrent in a plurality of parallel tubes 61 guided. The tubes are in an embedding material 63 - For example, a cement or mortar with good thermal conductivity - mechanically protected and embedded thermally bonding. This concept allows the use of "capillary tubes", thin tubes 61 with very thin walls, z. As of plastic tubes as they are used as drinking straws. Because of the small diameter, even with laminar flow, an acceptable heat transfer coefficient α from the fluid to the tube wall is still obtained. Due to the simple structure and the very low on the wall surface of the tubes related price compact heat exchangers can be generously dimensioned and thereby achieve a high NTU value (NTU = Number of Transfer Units) with low pressure drop with little effort (/ 12 /, / 13 /).

For our application, all tubes are now 61 flows through the same fluid w and the intended heat transfer extends between the tubes on the embedding material 63 on the surface of this "embedded heat transfer body" 6 (Picture 10), which in turn is in en gem thermal contact with the massive outer wall is. This good contact between heat transfer body and outer wall can, for. B. as to be ensured by the fact that the tubes are connected to each other in mats and then with the embedding material 63 in that a special thermo-cement but also, for example, the adhesive mortar itself may be plastered. The number, diameter and length of the tubes 61 as well as their mutual distance can be optimized according to the thermal and hydraulic requirements; Reference should be made to the corresponding compilation in section "1.4 Simple relationships in laminar pipe flow" in / 12 / and the relevant technical literature cited therein, for further details on a specific form of heat transfer body, a "heat transfer plate as a component for a solar thermal air collector" a still unpublished study / 14 /.

You can also use the tubes of the aWH 32 , in which water is transported as heat carrier, and the air channels (tubes 61 ) as a thermal unit. This then results in an embedded heat exchanger based on (/ 12 /), whereby the one pipe class by the aWH 32 is formed and the other pipe class through the trachea 61 , and both pipe classes on the common plaster layer as embedding material 63 with each other and with the massive outer wall 31 couple thermally. We take the whole intermediate layer between outer wall 31 and thermal insulation 33 as part of the Murokouse 35 although, strictly speaking, the air transport of course only to the inside of the tube 61 is limited.

Some Embodiments of the Embedded Heat Transfer Body 6 are shown in Figure 11 to Figure 17:
In the simplest case, Figure 11, the pipes are the aWH 32 and the actual Murokausten tubes 61 plastered together and the thermal insulation 33 adhered to it over a wide area. Since the plaster compensates for the unevenness of the outer wall, the adhesive can be applied thinly and over the entire surface; However, a full-surface application is not absolutely necessary, because it is sufficient if the plates are provided in a conventional manner with beads on all sides, so that the air flow, which is so through the embedded heat transfer body 6 should force, no noticeable bypass arises. This method is particularly suitable for relatively thick pipes (eg 15 or 20 mm diameter) of the aWH 32 which are separated by a greater distance (eg 100 or 150 mm).

But also with the commercial capillary tube mats, where the diameter of the tubes of the aWH 32 Only about 5 mm and the distance from each other only 10 to 30 mm, this method can be used. The thickness of the plaster layer with the embedding material 63 but then not necessarily lower, because the number of trachea 61 is determined by the desired total cross section for the air flow. Figure 14 gives an impression of the possibilities.

For large pipes of the aWH 32 You can significantly improve the heat transfer, if you pass the pipes through a heat conduction 64 What in concrete cases, a plaster base or a strong (!) Alu-foil can be, with each other. The heat conducting sheet 64 can improve the adhesive contact for thermal insulation 33 be riddled. The thermal bleaching 64 warm the tubes 61 now even from "behind", so in the picture 12 even three rows of air tubes 61 are arranged.

If you lead the Wärmeleitblech 64 As shown in Figure 13 "comb-like" out, so the spaces between the "tines" of the comb arise as air channels 62 the Muro pepper.

And finally you can go a step further and from the outset the tubes of the aWH 32 and the air channels 62 to a constructive unit as a cassette, reminiscent of a web plate, summarize (Figure 15). The cassette is not only by adhesive mortar but also by dowels on the outer wall 31 attached.

Especially with capillary tube mats as aWH 32 it is obvious, in a first step, the aWH 32 with an embedding material 62a full surface on the massive outer wall 31 einzuputzen. On the finished plaster surface then the plates of thermal insulation 33 glued in a suitable manner, so that the desired Murokauste 35 results. In areas where one wants to increase the heat transfer from the air flow, the embedded heat transfer body 6 previously installed on the wall side. However, it is probably more skillful (Figure 16), a plate-shaped embedded heat transfer body 6 directly on a thermal insulation board strip or attach to produce and then as a composite body 336 in one operation with adhesive mortar 34 as thin as possible and "airtight" on the plastered aWH 32 To glue so that the air flow is essentially the way through the tubes 61 of the "embedded heat transfer body 6 takes.

The above-mentioned Wärmeleitblech 64 to improve heat transfer to the trachea tubes 61 settles in the composite body 336 integrate; Figure 17 shows a simple example. Also, the comb-shaped or cassette-shaped Wärmeleitblech shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14 64 , But without the tubes of the AWW 32 -, can be in ge suitable form in the composite body 336 integrate.

The composite body 336 Can be produced efficiently and carefully outside the construction site. When bonding adjacent composites 336 if necessary, beads of adhesive mortar must be used to prevent a bypass for the air flow.

1,443 operations of the Muro pepper

We now consider a system consisting of outer wall storage 31 , external wall heating (aWH) 32 and Muro pudding 35 with suitable inlets and outlets, and - in order to avoid a laborious case in detail - assume that all air connections can be closed and opened by means of flaps and that the necessary fans are present. This fully equipped integrated aWH can then be used in different modes of operation.

(1) fresh air heating

The fresh air 9 This is directly the Murokauste 35 fed. This will be the outside of the outer wall 31 initially cooled, which is reflected by the aWH laid in the same plane 32 can be compensated immediately or with a time lag again. A lowering of the temperature on the outer surface of the massive outer wall 32 is perceived on the inside, so in the interior, in accordance with memory state only with a long time delay. Therefore, the fresh air 9 can be heated to a low temperature over a large area and, if the flow is suitable, the "countercurrent principle" can also be approximated.

(2) heat recovery from exhaust air

On the other hand, a cooled by fresh air Murokausten channel can also be reversed by a rotation of the operating direction to exhaust air operation. Then the initially warm exhaust air meets in the flow direction ever colder areas of the surface of the massive outer wall 31 ; a time-shifted regenerative countercurrent heat exchanger has been created.

(3) sink for solar air collectors

A thermal solar collector can, of course, heat water and this heat can be released to the outside wall via the aWH at a low temperature level. In the case of a solar air collector, however, the output of the collector can also be routed directly into the Muro plug, where it releases its heat to the wall and thus also to the heat carrier of the aWH. As a result, the aWH is coupled over a wide area with the heated air of the solar air collector and can then in turn release the heat in wall areas that are not connected to the solar air collector. The Murokauste acts then not only as a sink for the solar collector but also as a downstream air-water heat exchanger. Is the air then via an air outlet 37 led the Murokausten in an interior, results in a pure fresh air operation of the solar collector.

A solar air collector can also be operated with "circulating air" via a Muro puddle if both its return from the Murokausten is fed and its feed into the Muro puddle opens in. Of course, one must use adhesive mortar beads as guardrails 343 Make sure that the air flow is routed through the Muro pits as desired. In this mode, the air flow through the solar air collector is no longer limited by the amount of fresh air needed and can be much larger. The Muro plug then acts as an external air-to-water and air-to-wall heat exchanger for the solar collector.

Also a combined operation is possible where the solar air collector on the one hand directly the required fresh air supplies and on the other hand, the excess fresh air through the Murokauste in recirculation mode is performed.

Last but not least, a solar air collector can also be run in exhaust mode by removing the excess fresh air through the air intake 36 The Muro pepper - in contrast to its name - is discharged to the outside. This requires the least structural effort, but certainly does not represent the thermodynamic ideal case.

(4) Recirculation mode

Depending on the circuit of the flaps, further modes of operation such as a recirculation mode with respect to the room air can be set up. This recirculation mode can be of interest, for example, if the aWH 32 a conventional heating system is to replace completely and for it also somewhat higher temperatures in the aWH can be admitted.

(5) cooling

By the Murokauste 35 In the summer, cold air can be drawn at night or on cool days leading to a cooling of the outer wall storage 3 leads. This increases the temperature buffering of the outer wall on a warm day. In addition, a recirculation mode with respect to the room air can be used directly for cooling.

(6) Comment on the efficiency

It should be noted that the heat losses from the aWH to the outside air only from the temperature drop through the insulation 33 depend. An increase in the useful heat flow, for example, by additional fresh air heating changes nothing. The efficiency, ie the relative heat losses of the external wall storage, is due to the increase in the useful heat and a lower temperature in the Murokauste 35 increased.

1.5 Benefits and Importance of Integrated AWH

1.51 A system comparison with Transparent Thermal Insulation (TWD).

• 1. da die außenseitige Wärmedämmung der TWD die Sonnenstrahlung durchlassen soll, ist sie teuer und kann auch keine hohen Dämmwerte erreichen
• 2. Die in der Absorptionsschicht auftretenden Temperaturen sind relativ hoch, der „Solarkollektor" der TWD wird also mit relativ niedrigem Wirkungsgrad betrieben
• 3. Sieht man von der sommerlichen Abschirmung der Einstrahlung durch Verschattungselemente ab, so erfolgen sowohl die Einspeisung als auch die Entladung des „Wandspeichers" lokal, passiv und ungesteuert.

Even with the transparent thermal insulation (TWD), the outside of the solid outer wall is heated - in this case, not by a heating medium but by the radiated solar energy. Therefore, to a certain extent, the TWD can also be considered as "external wall heating", with some systemic disadvantages of TWD in direct comparison with aWH fed by a heating medium:

• 1. Since the outside insulation of the TWD is to let the solar radiation through, it is expensive and can not achieve high insulation values
• 2. The temperatures occurring in the absorption layer are relatively high, so the "solar collector" of the TWD is operated with relatively low efficiency
• 3. If one ignores the summery shielding of the radiation by means of shading elements, both the supply and the discharge of the "wall storage" take place locally, passively and uncontrolled.

• 1. die außenseitige Wärmedämmung kann beliebig großzügig ausgelegt werden und tritt nicht mehr als gesonderter Kostenfaktor in Erscheinung, da sie im Zuge der thermischen Sanierung des Gebäudes „sowieso" durchgeführt wird. Die gesamte Außenwand, und nicht nur ihre von der Sonne beschienenen Teile, kann aktiviert werden.
• 2. Die thermischen Solarkollektoren können unabhängig vom späteren Nutzungsort an der hierfür günstigsten Außenfläche des Gebäudes angebracht werden. Die Solarwärme kann auf niedriger Temperatur bereitgestellt werden, da sie über eine große Außenwandfläche abgespeichert wird und als NT-Flächenheizung oder NT-Lüftungswärme eingesetzt wird. Wegen dieser NT-Anwendung können auch Tage mit geringer Strahlungsleistung oder sogar ausschließlich diffuser Solarstrahlung zur solaren Wärmeversorgung genutzt werden. Es rentiert sich vermutlich, die Solaranlage für diese sonnenarmen Tage auszulegen. Hierfür ist ein Solardach mit großer Absorptionsfläche und sehr einfachen preisgünstigen Kollektoren geeignet.
• 3. Sowohl bei der Beladung als auch bei der Entladung können aktuell geeignete Abschnitte der Außenwand ausgewählt werden. Die aktive Entladung des Außenwandspeichers kann in Intensität und Zeitbereich in einem gewissen Bereich gesteuert werden. Die flächenbezogene passiven (!) Entladungs-Wärmeströme sind wegen der geringeren Einspeisetemperatur niedriger als bei der TWD. Sie lassen sich durch die Konkurrenz der aktiven Entladung indirekt beeinflussen. Durch die aktive Entladung mit der aWH und durch die zusätzliche Erwärmung von Frischluft über die Murokausten lassen sich hohe Entladungswärmeströme erreichen.

In direct comparison to this, the aWH integrated into the heating system according to the invention is characterized as follows.

• 1. The external thermal insulation can be designed arbitrarily generous and no longer appears as a separate cost factor, as it is carried out in the course of the thermal renovation of the building "anyway." The entire outer wall, and not just their sunlit parts, can to be activated.
• 2. The solar thermal collectors can be installed independently of the later place of use on the most favorable external surface of the building. The solar heat can be provided at a low temperature, as it is stored over a large outer wall surface and used as NT surface heating or NT ventilation heat. Because of this NT application, even days with low radiation power or even exclusively diffuse solar radiation can be used for solar heat supply. It probably pays off to design the solar system for these sunny days. For this purpose, a solar roof with large absorption area and very simple budget collectors is suitable.
• 3. Both during loading and unloading, suitable sections of the outer wall can currently be selected. The active discharge of the outer wall storage can be controlled in intensity and time range in a certain range. The area-related passive (!) Discharge heat flows are lower than the TWD because of the lower feed temperature. They can be indirectly influenced by the competition of active discharge. The active discharge with the aWH and the additional heating of fresh air over the Murokausten can reach high discharge heat flows.

For the solar (Partial) heating of a building Thus, the integrated aWH provides an outstanding storage and Heating system dar.

1.52 High coverage of aWH by Murokauste

The Murokouse 35 The design of the external insulation, which can be operated by the aWH (et al.) for fresh air heating, makes it possible to provide a large proportion of the total heating heat at a low temperature. With good insulation of the outer shell namely the ventilation heat requires the greatest heat demand.

For passive houses, the entire heat requirement can be covered by fresh air that has been heated well beyond the room temperature. In an aWH with fresh air heating over the Murokauste then the required overtemperature is much lower, since the aWH not only compensates for the heat loss through the quiescent current in the outer wall but in the "overarching mode", in which the temperature of the heating level is above the room temperature can provide additional heating contributions. Thus, when refurbishing a building, there is a prospect of replacing a conventional radiator and piping renovation with the installation of an integrated aWH as an NT heating system with full coverage. In the investment calculation, however, the costs saved by the failure to renew the existing heating system, the integrated aWH and particularly generous thermal insulation can then be well written. Basically, the ingenious basic idea of the Passive House Concept can thus be replaced by a radical one savings in the heating system to finance an unusually large heat protection and an NT application, also be transferred to the subsequent conversion of old buildings in passive houses.

Also when planning new passive houses should to consider the equipment with an integrated aWH.

1.53 Energy and ecological rating

Because of low heating temperatures and their huge storage capacity the integrated aWH is particularly suitable as a field of application for heat pump heating.

A Extending the use of the electric heat pump could be a resounding Contribution to energy saving and especially to the reduction of Cause CO2 emissions. Unlike local fuel use can namely the over brought the net up Electricity can then be considered as carbon-free if it is made from either one CO2-free power plant (nuclear or renewable energy) or from a big central Coal power plant comes, which - like it for the medium future is to be hoped for and probably expected - under CO2 capture and sequestration (= "Carbon Capture and Storage" or in short: "CCS") is operated.

To what extent a CCS even with smaller decentralized district heat producers economically possible is not yet in sight. If this gets too expensive, remain, in addition to the biomass, for the CO2-free provision of heating the use of solar heat and the heat pump insert from CO2-free electricity. Both heat sources can by the heating operation with low temperature and through the use of NT storage - like it the concept of integrated aWH provides - much more effective and probably be used cheaper.

Therefore is the inventive "integrated aWH" an important building block to a resource-saving and ecological heating of buildings.

captions

Picture 1: External wall used as surface heating, consisting of the massive outer wall 31 , an external wall heating (aWH) 32 via a capillary tube mat or other tubes to the outer wall 31 thermally coupled, and an outwardly final thermal insulation 33 , (State of the art). However, this arrangement can also be used as a fully functional outer wall heat storage 3 operate.

Picture 2: Integration of the outer wall heat accumulator 3 into an active heating system Via the external wall heating (aWH) 32 becomes the outer wall storage 3 loading and unloading actively. In charging mode, the NT source heats up 1 with closed switch S1 the outer wall 31 on. In addition to the passive discharge mode on the inside of the outer wall 31 can through the switches S4 and S5 of the outer wall storage 3 in the active discharge mode on the water-air Wüt 4 for heating circulating air or fresh air 9 and / or on the surface heating 5 be switched.

Fig. 3: Integration of the outer wall heat accumulator 3 in an active heating system with heating devices connected in series. The inner surface heating 5 can be bridged by the switch S4. The water-air rage 4 is located at the cold end and ensures - especially with a warming of fresh air - for a lowest possible return temperature.

Figure 4: Optional series connection of heat source 1 , Exterior wall storage 3 and water-air-rage 4

Picture 5: Murokouse 35 between massive outer wall 31 and thermal insulation 33 ,

The cavity between massive outer wall 31 and the thermal insulation 33 that by Batzen and suitable aligned beads of adhesive mortar 34 stabilized, can be called "Murokauste" 35 z. B. for warming fresh air 9 be used; the required heating is provided by the aWH 32 delivered

Picture 6: Wall cutout with Muroko plug 35 : Schematic arrangement of beads of adhesive mortar as a cross bar 341 , Longitudinal bars 342 and crash barriers 343 to prevent back ventilation and to design the air flow. The fresh air 9 flows from the air inlets 36 via an air outlet 37 in an interior.

Picture 7: Muro pebble with embedded heat transfer body 6 : To every air outlet 37 There is one by adhesive mortar beads 341 and 342 partitioned muro pork 35 , The fresh air 9 flows from one (or more) air intake 36 in the Murokouse 35 through a closed ring of embedded heat transfer bodies 6 to the air outlet 37 and from there into an interior.

Figure 8: Muro pebble with embedded heat transfer body 6 as crossbar and diffuser 6a around the air intake 36 : To every air outlet 37 There is one by adhesive mortar beads 341 and 342 partitioned muro pork 35 , The fresh air 9 flows from one through a diffuser 6a slightly in terms of pressure shielded air intake 36 in the Murokouse 35 through a crossbar of embedded heat transfer bodies 6 to the air outlet 37 and from there into an interior.

image 9: Embedded heat exchanger to / 12 /: section through a cross section.

Thin and thin-walled tubes 61 are through an embedding material 63 thermally coupled together so that heat can flow from a warm fluid (w) to a cold fluid (k). (State of the art, corresponds to image 1 of / 12 /)

Figure 10: Embedded heat transfer body 6 : Section through a cross section: Heat flows through thin and thin-walled tubes 61 from a warm fluid (w) to an embedding material 63 thermally with the solid exterior wall and directly or indirectly with the aWH 32 is coupled.

Picture 11: Muro pepper 35 with aWH 32 and embedded heat transfer body: the embedding material 63 connects the heating pipes of the aWH 32 and those in the Murokausten 35 embedded tubes 61 thermally with each other and with the massive outer wall 31 ,

Picture 12: Additional improvement of the in the Muro puddle 35 embedded heat transfer body according to Figure 11 by a rear connection of the pipes of the aWH 32 over a thin Wärmeleitblech 64 , a plaster base or a metal foil that is not too thin.

Picture 13: Murokouse 35 with air channels 62 : the heating pipes of the aWH 32 are over a comb-shaped Wärmeleitblech 64 whose interspaces as air ducts 62 a Murokausten be used interconnected.

Picture 14: Muro pepper 35 with a web plate-like cassette of air channels 62 and heating pipes of the aWH 32 , The cassette is made of Wärmeleitblech 64 educated.

Picture 15: Murokouse 35 with capillary tube mats as aWH 32 and embedded heat transfer body: the embedding material 63 coupled also thin heating pipes of the aWH 32 and those in the Murokausten 35 embedded tubes 61 thermally with each other and with the massive outer wall 31 ,

Figure 16: A composite body 336 from a thermal insulation board 33 and a plate-shaped embedded heat transfer body 6 was with adhesive mortar 34 on the with embedding material 63a plaster aWH 32 (eg capillary tube mats) glued on.

Figure 17: Composite body 336 with additional integrated heat conduction plate 64 ,

1

Low temperature (NT) heat source (e.g. B. solar collector or absorber)

2

pump for heating medium (Water)

3

Outer wall storage, as a unit of solid wall, aWH, thermal insulation u. a.

31

massive wall

32

external Wall heating (aWH)

33

(Outer) thermal insulation

336

Composite body consisting from thermal insulation board and heat transfer plate

34

Klebemörtel

340

Adhesive mortar chunk

341

Klebemörtelwulst, as a crossbar,

342

Klebemörtelwulst, as a longitudinal bar,

343

Klebemörtelwulst, as a guardrail,

35

Murokauste, the cavity between massive wall 31 and thermal insulation 33

36

Air intake, outside air enters the Murokouse

37

air outlet, Air leaves the muroko pusher and streams in an interior

4

Water-air heat exchanger (Wüt)

5

inner panel heating

6

embedded Heat transfer body

6a

diffuser

61

tube

62

air duct

63 and 63a

Embedding material, (Thermo cement, or adhesive mortar)

64

heat conducting

65

prong a comb-shaped heat conducting

S1

shut-off valve in the solar circuit

S3

shut-off valve in the memory circle circle

S4

shut-off valve in the mad circle

S5

shut-off valve in the circle of the inner surface heating

9

fresh air and / or circulating air

Claims (12)

Method for integrating an external wall heating (aWH) 32 , So a surface heating for heat transfer from a heating medium to the outer wall of a building, wherein the heat transfer plane is on the outside of the solid outer wall 31 located and the massive outer wall 31 through a thermal insulation 33 , For example, a thermal insulation composite system, is isolated from the ambient air, in a building heating system or building cooling system characterized in that the aWH 32 the outer wall as an "outer wall storage" 3 used both for loading and for discharging heat or cold. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that via the aWH 32 the heat (or cold) previously stored in the outer wall of a water-to-air heat exchanger (Wüt) 4 for heating (or cooling) of circulating air and / or fresh air 9 is supplied. A method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that via the aWH 32 from the outer wall storage 3 Heat transmitted to the heating medium is first fed to a heat for heating circulating air and then to a downstream heat for heating fresh air. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that via the aWH 32 the previously stored in the outer wall heat or cold a radiator, especially a low-temperature surface heating system 5 , is fed inside the building. Method according to Claim 1 for using a device for external wall heating (aWH) 32 characterized in that in a particular temporally delimited discharge mode for heating (or cooling) through the channels or pipes of the aWH 32 directly circulating air or fresh air 9 is directed. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aWH 32 is used to deliver or absorb heat to or from a stream of air that is in an air duct ("Murokauste" 35 ) in the area between the massive outer wall 31 and thermal insulation 33 to be led. A method according to claim 6 for heating or cooling of air, characterized in that by the Murokauste 35 fresh air 9 , Circulating air, exhaust air or even in a solar collector heated air is conducted, wherein the active temperature of the air flow through the as aWH 32 executed surface heating because of the storage capacity of the massive outer wall 31 can also be offset in time. A method according to claim 6 and claim 7, characterized in that the Murokauste 37 is used as a regenerative heat exchanger by flowing through them on the one hand air flows that give off heat to the walls of the Murokauste and thereby to the massive outer wall, as well as temporally displaced flow of air that absorb heat from the walls of the Murokauste. Device in a building to be equipped with an integrated aWH according to claim 1, for heating or cooling of air, characterized in that when mounting the thermal insulation composite system of the cavity, which is located between the inside of the thermal insulation 33 and the outer surface of the massive outer wall 31 results in a flow-favorable arrangement of the bonding surfaces and dowels is designed so that it as an air channel ("Murokauste" 35 ) between inlet 36 and outlet 37 the air 9 can be used. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that for locally increasing the heat transfer between the air and the wall, the Murokauste 35 in one or more contiguous strips of embedded heat transfer bodies 6 is filled out of parallel thin tubes 61 consisting in a well-heat-transferring embedding material 63 embedded in mortar or glue. Device consisting of a thermal insulation board 33 and an embedded heat transfer body applied thereon in a strip shape 6 according to claim 10, as a prefabricated composite body 336 on one on a massive outer wall 31 plastered aWH 32 can be glued on. Apparatus for use according to the methods and apparatus of claim 1 to 11 in the outer wall storage 3 stored heat or cold, characterized in that (to optimize the storage capacity at a given charging temperature) on the inside of the outer wall, an additional thermal insulation and / or a special storage layer containing a phase change material (PCM), is attached.