DE102005036492A1 - Interior space e.g. office space, cooling and heating process for use in building, involves causing circulation guidance of cooled water circulation and heat water circulation by cooling water pump and cold water pump - Google Patents

Abstract

The process involves supplying heated water to a cooler after reducing temperature of a return flow of the water in a heat exchanger (3) at a hot side of a Peltier unit (1). Cooled water is supplied to a cold heat exchanger (5) and an interior space is cooled by radiation from the exchanger (5). Circulation guidance of cooled water circulation and heat water circulation is caused by a cooling water pump (6) and a cold water pump (7). An independent claim is also included for an interior space of a building.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for cooling and heating of interiors under Use of a Peltier element, wherein the Peltier element as a heat pump is used. inside rooms in the sense of further remarks are mainly office space, salesrooms, and comparable rooms, those with oil, Gas, coal or electricity heated and according to previous conditions only in exceptional cases or at all not cooled become. Other applications are u. a. Passenger cars, commercial vehicles and Ships. With very good efficiency, solar energy for cooling or Heating the interiors used. With the device system according to the invention or the variants of the system, the realization of the method according to the invention takes place.

It is sufficient known, the solar energy by means of photovoltaics in conjunction with Current transformers for the most diverse applications is being used. The electrical energy gained with the help of photovoltaic can only be used with a poorer efficiency, conditioned through the current transformers as a link in the practical use of electricity for equipment for cooling or heating. Often with the cooling or heating also involves a significant circulation of indoor air, the common disturbing acts. Also from a hygienic point of view, they are state of the art belonging Less devices recommended, because it comes to a Staubaufwirbelung, here before especially very small particles, which often when cleaning by suction can not be eliminated.

Of the Peltier effect has been used for many years for cooling and heating. In front especially with smaller refrigerators the Peltier elements for use. The Peltier elements are with DC operated, the Peltier element a cold and a Warm side has a temperature difference of about 60 ° C.

In the EP 0078932 It is stated that it has already been proposed to use the known Peltier technique so that the exhaust air from a house runs during the winter time on the cooling side and thus has the fresh air sucked in contact with the warm side of the Peltier element. In the summer months, the process is converted as desired, by the exhaust air goes over the warm side, then in principle, since the hot air is cooler than the external hot air, the cold side favors and cooled via the cold side air flows through the fresh air supply to the living spaces. According to this EP 0078932 is then proposed as a solution according to the invention, a modification of the prior art. It is said that the Peltier element is used as a heat pump. More specifically, it should be added that it is an air-to-air heat pump, because for ventilation of the rooms a fan is used. The associated circulation of the room air brings - as already mentioned - certain disadvantages and the relatively low efficiency of the air-to-air heat pump using a Peltier element is accepted as given.

In this context, be on the DE 197 46 152 A1 and the US 3,087,309 directed. In both cases, Peltier elements are used in the sense of air-to-air heat pumps. Accordingly, according to DE 197 46 152 A1 The air is cooled directly with Peltier coolers and then supplied to the room or car. In a similar way describes the US 3,087,309 a Peltier heat exchanger with two air circuits. The power supply for driving the Peltier elements is photovoltaic systems. The low efficiency of these solutions has already been discussed above.

The EP 0 813 032 A2 has two water heat exchangers on both sides of the Peltier element, but carries the energy only via fans. The scope is thus very limited. It describes the usual case in PC technology for CPU cooling.

In the US 3,366,164 a Peltier heat exchanger with only one water cycle is shown. The second circuit is an air system with a fan with the disadvantages already described.

The EP 0 842 382 B1 aims at a water heat exchanger on both sides of the Peltier element. In this EP application, the space between the Peltier elements to be filled with insulating material. Insulating material in the small thickness of a few millimeters already leads to heavy losses with backflow of the generated energy between the hot and the cold side. These losses between the plates bring the energy transport and thus the heat pump operation to a halt. The construction of the circuit of several Peltier elements in a row must do without gaps.

It should still be on the DE 298 12 875 U1 which describes an air conditioning system with Peltier elements for vehicles (ie vehicles with closed chassis cell) of all kinds. With the help of appropriate control technology, air flows are to be dissipated from the hot or cold side using appropriate fans, so that a preset temperature is achieved in the vehicle interior. Apart from the fact that this admixing of air flows only with ratio moderately low energy efficiency is connected, the admixing, as already said, disturbing.

It is therefore an object of the invention, a method and the corresponding device technology to propose that makes it possible using Peltier elements the cooling / heating efficiency of interiors to improve. On air circulation Systems should be omitted. Under interiors in the sense the other versions are in buildings preferably offices, warehouses, salesrooms and living rooms to understand. Furthermore, the possibilities of use extended on motor vehicles and also on ships.

According to the invention Task solved as follows, being with regard to the fundamental inventive thought up Reference is made to claim 1. The further embodiment of the invention arises from the claims 2 to 8.

Compared to the usual Use of solar energy with the help of photovoltaics in conjunction With current transformers is eliminated in direct use (without current transformer) the significant deterioration of the Efficiency. The usual associated with the supply to the grid network costs for the components omitted in comparison to the direct conversion presented here the solar generated DC voltage and use of DC consumers.

in the Contrary to the prior art is for cooling of interiors a Water / water heat pump used as Peltier element. The energy required for a Peltier element is from a photovoltaic element delivered. Since the Peltier element in operation a warm and a Cold side, is on both sides with the Peltier element a water heat exchanger Mistake.

The Room air is not cooled directly with the Peltier heat exchangers, but instead the heat transfer The Peltier elements are made by water heat exchangers on both sides the Peltier elements. This component according to the invention can also be used as Peltier heat exchanger describe. It consists of two thin metal plates (thickness 1 mm up to 2 mm) on both sides of the Peltier elements next to and behind each other. One copper sheet plate connects to the surface of the Peltier element (sandwich construction: heat exchanger / copper sheet metal plate / thermal compound / Peltier element / thermal paste / copper sheet metal plate / heat exchanger). On one of the two sheet metal plates special thermal adhesive is to be used. The second copper sheet plate receives Thermal Compounds to compensate for the thermal expansion as a binder between the Peltier elements and the metal sheet.

The for example 4 mm thick Peltier elements (eg 4 cm × 4 cm) be on a metal plate in a row of 9 pieces in a row glued. A second row will be right next to the first row attached. This creates a rectangular panel of about 8 cm wide and 32 cm in length, which connects 18 Peltier elements to one module.

The heat takes place on the warm side an exchanger, which leads the water to a recooler, about its design and placement later even closer Hints will be given. After appropriate heat release closes the circulation by recycling the in the temperature lowered water in the cooler on the warm side of the Peltier element.

The cooling function over the cold water heat exchanger, which cooled water a cooling element supplies. This cooling element causes over corresponding radiation the cooling effect in the interior. After inevitable warming in the cold The water gets into the cold water heat exchanger on the cold side of the Peltier element back. This cooling of persons by radiation is much more comfortable, than the cooling with conventional air conditioning systems.

It Energetic advantages result in the saving of the energy carriers, which usually for the cooling be used.

It It should be emphasized that a heating of interiors on the same principle takes place, as the cooling. By reversing the polarity at the Peltier element, the warm side becomes the cold side and the cold side to the warm side. The heat pump process is just reversed. In practice, this reversal occurs by switching the polarity on the Peltier element (plus / minus are swapped).

The Peltier element always forms together with a heat exchanger on each side a compact heat exchanger Peltier element block.

Of course it is a series connection of this block to increase the cooling / heating power possible.

Unlike the cooling mode for the occupied area, however, the time course of the power requirements in the heating mode does not correspond so ideally to the provision of energy by the sun. The daily movement of the sun on the windows ent speaks largely the course of the cooling load of a room, because much of the cooling load is caused by the sun's rays.

Of the Heating demand of a room is running opposite. The invading solar heat / solar radiation decreases the heat requirement a room. These are solar heat gains. After the sun no longer on the façade or the windows seems to be eliminated solar heat gains. At this time, however, there is no drive energy for the cover of the heating demand in the room.

The Conclusion from the time-delayed curves of the service provision and the heating power requirement is the mandatory use of energy storage systems. As solar energy is converted into direct current by photovoltaic elements If this is the case, or motorcycle batteries are used as energy storage / buffer. After the elimination of solar radiation on the windows rises in winter the heating demand in the room. From this point in the battery can stored energy can be removed again and the Peltier element is supplied with the previously stored DC power. Switching on the heating operation is at the Peltier element with a thermo switch / room thermostat performed. In every room is over the individually adjustable desired temperature on the room thermostat whether heated or cooled becomes. There are no other energies in the form of power supply or heating needed.

The Cooling or Cold water pumps for the realization of the circulation promotion and measuring instruments become also like the Peltierlement with photovoltaic generated direct current operated.

apart from air conditioning with the new system on motor vehicles and ships (this will be discussed in the embodiments) according to previous Description of the system layout only for individual rooms smallest unit.

A continuation the concept of a complex building makes an energy balance required. Often come over the annual cycle at the same time heating and cooling loads in the building. The novel system allows in conjunction with a two-pipe system (as in conventional hot water heating) the removal the heat of rooms, the cooled be, to rooms, which have to be heated. That in the to be cooled Space installed Peltier element uses the heating circuit for recooling the hot ones Page and thus raises the temperature level in the heating system. In rooms with Heating demand is the energy from the heating circuit of the Peltier element removed and on the room side by the heat pump operation to a higher temperature level brought. The heat output done by the heating / cooling elements in the room and thus covers the heat requirement. The combined heating and cooling system is at temperatures of 40 ° C up to 60 ° C lying in the winter while in summer at 60 ° C up to 80 ° C. This makes it suitable all the time for the Recooling of to be cooled clear and at the same time even commercially available Low temperature radiators from adjoining rooms be connected.

The Level of energy production over the photovoltaic field is below 30 V DC for the Peltier elements and the pumps (in the rooms). The Photovoltaic elements can at big buildings except on the facade can also be arranged on the roof. It is then However, a DC wiring required in the individual rooms, to supply the Peltier elements with voltage.

Likewise is also the removal of the supply voltage from the general Power grid over a transformer possible.

at decentralized photovoltaic from the respective outer solar shading deleted the complex wiring in the building.

The combined heating, cooling system needed central pumps in the respective circuit. For larger buildings, there is a cycle per floor to provide with a pump. The energy exchange then proceeds only in the horizontal plane. Several floors should only be at small buildings be integrated with each other in a system. The volume flow adjustment is otherwise expensive. In general, however, should the balance of Heat in one floor due to the different directions.

The System water is constantly kept in circulation. Only in extreme winters has additional heat in the Heating circuit supplied become. For this purpose, DC heating cartridges in each Floor circulation used. The buffered solar energy will to the power supply for the Heating cartridges used.

at buildings with solar energy from photovoltaic panels on the facades or Outside the windows, the heat pump operation is about the room by room existing Peltier element possible. The power must be buffered beforehand so that it can also be used in the night as drive energy for Peltier heat pump is ready.

The new complex heating and cooling system be a multifunctional two-pipe system in the building, in which all rooms are networked with each other via only two water-bearing pipes, is necessary. Rooms with excess heat (due to strong sunlight) are cooled by a Peltier element. The heat released is introduced into the pipe system and serves to heat rooms with heat demand (lack of solar radiation). There, the energy from the pipe system is taken from the Peltier element and brought to a higher level. The heat is dissipated by the heating elements on the ceiling.

Of the heat pump process is just reversed. This reversal is achieved by switching the polarity, d. H. Plus / minus is interchanged at the Peltier element.

In huge periods During the winter months, the heating in rooms is required, if this not exposed to direct sunlight. Likewise also cool Summer days a heating demand in rooms arise when there is no direct sunlight. The daily routine the sun on the windows largely corresponds to the course of the cooling load of a room, because much of the cooling load caused by the sunlight.

It can be largely dispensed with elaborate arrangements, because the system independently room by room the heat demand and cooling requirements regulates. When cooling deleted even the complete cold ear distribution system (including the pipe insulation). Depending on the size of the object and the glazing proportion of the facade may be necessary in summer to dissipate the waste heat generated by the recooler. The Cooling System (simultaneously heating system) should not be overheated by the Peltier elements be, thus the efficiency the heat absorption constantly preserved. However, this is not decentralized room by room Recooling over the integrated heat exchanger in the outer sunscreen necessary, because there is no overheating here can take place.

The Invention will be explained below with reference to several embodiments. The figures show:

1 : Peltier element as a heat pump with drive via solar-generated direct current, perspektifische principle representation, cooling of an interior

2 : as 1 , Circuit diagram and representation of the piping in schematic representation

3 Combined heating and cooling systems with Peltier elements as heat pumps with several water circuits in larger buildings The reference numbers used, based on 1 and 2 refer, mean

1

Peltier element

2

heat exchangers on the cold side of the Peltier element

3

heat exchangers on the warm side of the Peltier element

4

warm Water heat exchanger / drycoolers

5

cold Water heat exchanger / chilled beam

6

Cooling water pump

7

Cold water pump

8th

photovoltaic element

9

building wall

10

cabling for direct current

11

Taupunktregler

12

lighting with direct current

The reference numerals used below refer to 3 , wherein the aforementioned reference numerals apply mutatis mutandis.

13

heating and recooling water pump

14

control valve

15

heating and recooling water distributor

The Peltier element in 1 does not correspond to the 8th claim, but is a highly simplified representation.

1st embodiment

At the Peltier element 1 is on the cold side of the heat exchanger 2 and on the warm side of the heat exchanger 3 arranged. The Peltier element 1 with the heat exchangers 2 and 3 is designed as a block-like component.

Using the cold water pump 7 the cold water gets into the cooling baffle 5 (or similar cooling elements), which may be referred to thermally as a cold water heat exchanger. The interior, z. B. Office is cooled (no fan, no dust swirling), whereby inevitably an increase in the temperature of the water takes place, which is the cooling baffle 5 flows through. Now, the return of the water to the heat exchanger 2 ,

With the help of the cooling water pump 6 the heated water comes out of the water heat exchanger 3 on the warm side of the Peltier element 1 in the recooler 4 (warm water heat exchanger). From the 1 it turns out that the recooler 4 outside the building wall 9 is arranged. Therefore, it is necessary to add a suitable antifreeze to this water cycle in winter. The Peltier element 1 and the pumps 6 and 7 be powered by the photovoltaic element 8th provided.

2nd embodiment

The explanations to the 1st embodiment apply mutatis mutandis. It is, however 2 Peltier elements connected in series by 2 Voltaikelementen be supplied with direct current. The with positional signs 12 Provided lighting also uses photovoltaic generated electricity. The two cold heat exchangers in the room 5 can be designed as a cooling plate elements with tubes. This type of design also applies to the recooler 4 , so here's the use of Rückkühlblechplatten with tubes.

As previously stated, form the Peltier element 1 and the two heat exchangers 2 . 3 a structural unit. The installation of this flat component is expediently carried out within the outer wall 9 in the parapet or in the ceiling area in a breakthrough.

A dew point controller according to this embodiment is the position mark 11 Mistake.

With regard to the arrangement of the photovoltaic elements 8th and the recooler 4 The following arrangement is possible: A combination of external shading (horizontal external blinds) as a recooler paddle (metal sheet with pressed-in photovoltaic elements). The sunblinds are built on the sun-facing side as a photovoltaic element.

3rd embodiment

It will be on the 3 directed. The comments on the 2nd and 3rd embodiment apply mutatis mutandis, although this is the case of application for a larger building. The heat pump operation takes place via room-by-room Peltier elements 1 , Which are arranged in the sense of a parallel connection, so as to allow an individual temperature control per room. Like from the 3 It can be seen that for several rooms (for example, several rooms in a floor) only two manifolds, which in turn can be summarized from several floors to two main lines. With this two-pipe system (as in the conventional hot water heating), the heat is removed from rooms that are cooled (sunny side) in rooms that must be heated (dark side) and the supply and discharge of excess energy from a heating and recirculating water distribution 15 , It is therefore the connection of several storeys to the recooling water distributor 15 possible to release surplus heat in floors with heat demand. The corresponding control valve is with position mark 14 and the heating and recooling water pump with 13 Mistake.

at very cold weather must additionally heat the Heating circuit supplied can be and excess heat can at hotter Weather can be reasonably used elsewhere (thermal refrigeration).

apart from the technical and economic benefits that cooling and Heating of interiors According to the new system can be summed up be that usual Boiler systems (heating system with boilers, chimney, oil storage or Gas connection or district heating connection with heat exchangers) and conventional compression refrigeration systems with recooling systems omitted.

4th embodiment

A Water / water heat pump as a Peltier element is built in a motor vehicle.

The needed Drive power in the form of direct current is provided by a photovoltaic element on the car roof (also cooler hood or trunk lid possible) delivered. The sunlight is converted into direct current and direct directed to the Peltier element.

The Peltier element has a water heat exchanger on the hot side. The heat output on the warm heat exchanger over a water / glycol cycle to a recooler. The recooler consists of metal sheets with recessed tube registers.

These Metal sheets are very thin and are placed on the car roof next to the photovoltaic panels (Strip-shaped). Likewise, the trunk lid or the hood for placement be used. As a conventional alternative is a heat release (Recooling) over the Water cycle also possible to an air / water heat exchanger in the engine compartment.

The cooling function takes place via the cold water heat exchanger on the Peltier element. A second water / glycol cycle brings the cooled water to the metal sheets under the vehicle roof. These metal sheets have pressed small Tube and give the entire cooling via radiation from above to the illuminated surfaces. The car sky is covered as usual with fabrics. This cooling of people is much more comfortable than the usual air conditioning systems. Also from a hygienic point of view, this technique is advantageous because of the low dust upset.

5th embodiment

It the explanation of the invention with reference to a continuous practical feasible conception related to the associated hydraulic Circuit for the heating and cooling function.

a) Construction Peltier heat exchanger module

The new concept is based on well-known physical relationships on the Peltier element. First in conjunction with modern water heat exchangers are high performance figures the heat transfer at the Peltier heat exchangers allows.

A Another requirement is low temperature differences between the heat transfer plates.

The Optimum for a big cooling capacity at low electrical power consumption is about 20 percent utilization compared the rated voltage of the Peltier element. When heating, the existing Design from the cooling case directly with reversed polarity used. The coefficient of performance in the heating case is 1.0 above the Coefficient of performance in cooling case. Ie. the electrically supplied Energy goes out together with the thermally extracted energy the cooling circuit supplied to the heating circuit.

The The coefficient of performance varies according to the changing temperature conditions in the two water circuits (on both sides of the Peltier elements). At low temperature differences between both water cycles is the transferred one Energy highest on the warm side. The basis for consideration is the electrical drive power used the Peltier elements.

To the property of Peltier elements is used: a side to cool down and to warm the other side at the same time. The high energy density on the surface of the Peltier element requires a high specific heat capacity of the flowing medium in the two-sided heat exchangers. Water offers the best properties for heat transfer and heat dissipation the relatively small surface of the Peltier element.

b) Heating function Peltier heat exchanger module

As already said, leads the reversal of polarity from the power supply to the Peltier elements for inversion the thermal process at the two heat transfer surfaces.

The former cold heat exchanger plate, the in the cooling case for the heat extraction the room was responsible the heating function for the Room and becomes a warm plate. The former warm plate will not anymore as a recooling heat exchanger used, but takes over the feeder the heat energy from the outer heating medium circuit (Cooling cycle in room cooling) cooled by the Peltier elements. The extracted energy from the external heating circuit is raised to a higher level by electrical energy the warm side at about 35 ° C delivered to the spatial circulation.

It have to on the ceiling higher temperatures (size Temperature difference) are moved to room temperature, because at cold outside temperature the cold radiation from the outer surfaces to the Room must be balanced.

The surface temperature The ceiling elements (radiant ceiling panels) leads to heat dissipation to the room and thus to cool down of the space heating circuit.

c) Cooling function Peltier heat exchanger module

The Temperature in the recooling circuit is crucial for the function and the effectiveness the cooling process. The coefficient of performance characterizes the effectiveness of the cooling process. Only at low temperature differences (about 10 degrees to 15 degrees between the hot and cold sides of the Peltier elements) is the achievable coefficient of performance more than 2.0 in the case of cooling. This is a continuous heat dissipation at the heat exchanger on the warm side of the Peltier elements necessary to the constant heat extraction on the cold side of the Peltier elements. The cold side the Peltier elements is over the mounted heat exchanger with a closed water circuit to ceiling cooling elements connected (pump cold water circuit). The heat extraction for the room is predominantly via radiation. The pump cold water in the ceiling cooling elements heats up thereby by about 2 degrees, that is 18 ° C to 20 ° C on. The heated pump cold water becomes a Peltier heat exchanger returned and the Cycle begins again.

The recooling temperature on the hot side must not exceed the range of over 40 ° C and the cold water servorlauftemperatur on the cold side must not be below 16 ° C. An optimum for the application room heating and room cooling lies in the small temperature range between 17 ° C (minimum temperature of the water on the cold side of the Peltier heat exchanger) and 35 ° C (maximum temperature on the warm side of the Peltier heat exchanger). Thus, the appropriate ceiling cooling elements for Wärmeent train for the room are limited. Only radiant cooling elements can be used which provide the required cooling capacity for the room at a minimum flow temperature of 17 ° C.

d) Power module-Peltier heat exchanger

The Power supply to the Peltier elements takes place from the general Electricity network in the room. about a transformer with DC voltage of 12 volts will be the required maximum electrical power of about 250 W to 500 W per room provided. A supply of Peltier elements with solar generated direct current from photovoltaic is also possible.

By the legislation (Second Law amending the Renewable Energy Law from 22.12.2003) this circuit is currently uneconomic in Germany, because the electricity supplier to decrease the solar generated electricity too extremely high labor prices (at least 45.7 cents per kilowatt hour) are committed.

e) system integration of the module

Of the Peltier heat exchanger with its two water circuits is in the heating-cooling system only one component. Only the connection of this bundled energy lift module with the two water circuits into a working one Entire system (heat generation - heat increase - heat emission) the development dar. The waterways in both heat exchangers are on one high heat transfer designed for low temperature differences. In the integrated construction with the peripheral components becomes the thermal efficiency for the heating side or the cooling side ensured. The two water cycles are in circulation and kept constant in the temperature range in narrowly defined ranges.

f) Common installation system for heating / cooling

The Warmth- and cold distribution in the room is only about a common system. Across from the conventional solution with a pump cold water circuit and a separate pump hot water circuit. Thereby can Investment costs for Distribution pipes and radiators be saved. Also the usual central heat supply can be reduced to a minimum, because the Peltier heat exchanger achieve a coefficient of performance of at least 3.0 in the heating case and so that room-like Wärmepum pen work. The biggest part needed in the room Heat output is with it locally generated. The central heat generation technology reduces accordingly.

Same Savings are in the refrigeration supply realizable. The room is only a system for energy transfer used. Both the heat extraction as room cooling as well as the heat supply as Space heating use the same ceiling pipe system alternately or alternatively a commercial one Underfloor heating.

In the refrigeration control center Reduced service provision to about half, because the decentralized Peltier modules have a COP of reach at least 2.0. That only in the room will half of the Cooling capacity generated. The distribution losses over the pipes through the entire building are reduced accordingly.

Due to the system needs a chiller with switching to heat pump operation for the central technology can be used. It can be both power-driven Compression machines are used, as well as gas-powered Heat pumps / chillers. All the aforesaid central devices enable the heat generation and after switching also the refrigeration from a device.

By the decentralized power supply of the Peltier elements does not occur extreme power peaks on the compression machine on, like this is common in a central refrigerating machine. Due to the reduced connection performance, the performance price of the Electricity supplier significantly reduced. The decentralized drive energy for cooling and heating becomes dependent from the heating and cooling requirement each individual room taken from the general power grid. When leased objects arise, through the direct allocation of space the heat and refrigeration, billing-related advantages.

g) outdoor energy cycle

Of the procedural progress of development is made by the Interaction of a conventional chiller (heat pump) with the Peltier heat exchanger allows. Whereby there are two directions for the heat transport gives. Room cooling: Heat off carry away from the room and release it to the environment. Space heating: Heat the Remove the environment and give it to the room.

h) function and energy direction in heating mode

In heating for the room is first the environment energy with the chiller in the heat mepumpenbetrieb withdrawn. A conventional heat pump thus forms the outer link and causes the cooling of the outside air. The compression heat pump transfers the heat at a higher temperature level to the outer water cycle.

This Water cycle is connected to the Peltier heat exchanger. There the heat extraction takes place through the cold side of the Peltier elements. The heat energy is generated by the Peltier elements a higher one Level raised and connected to the inner water circulation (the ceiling heating system of the room). The heat given off in the room leads to Cooling the heating circuit and thus can be reheated in the Peltier heat exchanger respectively.

i) function and energy direction in cooling mode

ever after recooling temperature in the warm heat exchanger, during the year between 25 ° C up to 35 ° C is, performance figures are over 2.0 in cooling case achievable. The further recooling takes over a chiller in the closed water recirculation circuit. The pump cold water is in the evaporator of the chiller by 2 degrees to 5 degrees chilled and back to the warm side of the Peltier heat exchanger pumped. The extracted energy from the recooling circuit is over the refrigeration machine raised to a high temperature level of 60 ° C to 70 ° C in the refrigerant circuit and to the environment an air-cooled Capacitor discharged.

j) indoor energy cycle

One minimal temperature difference between warm side and cold Side (cooling ceiling and External circuit) must be given. With linear temperature increase of the difference elevated the current consumption at the Peltier element is square. The coefficient of performance decreases extremely with big ones Temperature differences. Prerequisite for a good coefficient of performance is a cheap one Re-cooling on one possible small temperature level in the recooling circuit.

k) function and energy direction in room heating operation

The cold heat exchanger surface on the Peltier heat exchanger, on the heat energy should be removed in the temperature level during heating operation about 20 ° C. The heat exchanger element must in case of heating from the external circuit constantly heat are supplied so that the heating energy on the hot side (heat exchanger plate towards the room) on the higher one Temperature level can be delivered. Only with constant provision the given amount of water (within the temperature specifications) the performance coefficient of at least 3.0 can be maintained.

l) function and energy direction in room cooling mode

Two Water cycles take care of the constant Energy removal from the cold space cycle to the outer water cycle. Only the cold side of the heat exchanger at the Peltier module is connected to the ceiling cooling elements.

at Great Return temperatures from 25 ° C up to 29 ° C on the warm side (external recooling circuit) is an optimal cooling capacity transferable. The silent cooling with big surfaces (Ceiling cooling panels or cooling ceilings), which have only low sub-temperatures compared to room temperature, has proven to be comfortable. In the course of the year thermal insulation occurs in modern office buildings in conjunction with a big one Glass content already in spring for a cooling requirement. The internal heat sources form an additional Season independent Cooling load.

m) switching between Heating and cooling operation

By Switching the polarity the direct current of the Peltier supply voltage is from the heating operation to the cooling mode changed the room. In room cooling mode serves the outer water cycle as a recooling circuit and the inner circuit as Pumpenkalaltwasserkreislauf. The connected heat pump must be according to the chosen Operating mode can be switched. In room cooling mode, the Peltier heat exchanger on heat extraction switched to the room. The outer cycle is also on cooling mode switched to the heat to give to the environment.

For the room heating operation will the polarity at Peltier heat exchanger switched in the room. The energy direction changes direction. Out the outer cycle is from the Peltier element heat exchanger the heat withdrawn. From the inner cycle, the water is heated and then leads the energy to the room. There, the cooling of the space cycle takes place the radiant ceiling panels. The outer cycle the energy has to be constant replacement delivery. The chiller is therefore on heat pump operation switched and thereby deprives the environment of the energy.

n) Cascading for performance enhancement

According to the required maximum cooling capacity in a room, a cascading / series connection of the aforementioned Peltier modules in a water heat exchanger is performed. The water cycle must be directly to the respective metal sheet on the back of the Peltier elements are introduced. Only if the entire surface of the Peltier elements is overflowed with water on every metal sheet, an optimal energy transport from the first water cycle to the second water cycle is possible.

Claims (8)

Method for cooling and heating interiors using a Peltier element as a heat pump, which is the interior of buildings and motor vehicles, characterized in that using a Peltier element ( 1 ) as a water / water heat pump from the warm side of the Peltier element ( 1 ) via a heat exchanger ( 3 ) the heat is dissipated and the heated water is passed to a heat exchanger / recooler ( 4 ) is fed, after lowering the temperature, a return movement of the water in the heat exchanger ( 3 ) on the warm side of the Peltier elements ( 1 ), further from the cold side of the Peltier element ( 1 ) via a heat exchanger ( 2 ) the cold water to a cold heat exchanger ( 5 ), the cooling of the interior by radiation from the cold heat exchanger ( 5 ) and then the return to the heat exchanger ( 2 ) on the cold side of the Peltier element ( 1 ) and the circulation of both water cycles using the cooling water pump ( 6 ) and the cold water pump ( 7 ) is effected and at least the Peltier element ( 1 ) using electricity from photovoltaic elements ( 8th ) is operated. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the components of the device system to be operated electrically for cooling and heating interiors with direct current from the photovoltaic element ( 8th ) are fed. A method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein a building complex is heated or cooled, which consists of several rooms on several levels, characterized in that by parallel connection of the Peltier elements ( 1 ) with heat exchangers ( 2 . 3 ) in the respective rooms, the interior temperature is controlled individually and in conjunction with a two-pipe system, the removal of heat from rooms that are cooled, to rooms that are heated. A method according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that the respective return from the heat exchangers ( 4 . 5 ) via a two-pipe system a heating and Rückkühlwasserverteiler ( 15 ) with control valve ( 14 ) is supplied. A method according to claim 1-4, characterized in that when switching from cooling to heating and vice versa, a polarity reversal of the Peltier elements ( 1 ) he follows. Equipment complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the Peltier element ( 1 ) as a water / water heat pump with the two adjacent heat exchangers ( 2 . 3 ) forms a structural unit, is preferably designed flat and large area. Equipment complex according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that the recooler ( 4 ) consists of metal sheets with embedded tubes. equipment complex according to claim 1 and 6, using Peltier elements and heat exchangers characterized in that said components are sandwiched represent a module, consisting of heat exchanger / copper sheet plate / thermal paste / Peltier element / Wärmeleitplaste / copper sheet plate / heat exchanger, wherein the Peltier elements line or, column-like (in the sense of a Matrix) are firmly connected to a copper plate.