DE102009035656A1 - Building shell of a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a building envelope (2) of a building (1) with an outside building layer (3). According to the invention, the outside building layer (3) has, at least in some areas, a structure that can be heated by means of a heating device (12), which is used to at least partially heat and dry the outside surface (13) of the outside building layer (3) to prevent the greening of the surface ( 13) is provided.

Description

The The invention relates to a building envelope of a building with an outside Building layer.

The requirement to reduce CO ₂ emissions means that more and more components of the building envelope are being provided with ever greater layer thicknesses of an insulating material. In particular, in facades so-called thermal insulation systems are used for this purpose. The structure of a known thermal insulation composite system is in 1 shown. The thermal insulation composite system is applied to the masonry with the old plaster. The thermal insulation composite system as such usually has an insulation board on which a reinforcing mortar is applied. Embedded in the reinforcing mortar and applied to this is a reinforcing fabric. In turn, there is a primer, is applied to the exterior plaster. The exterior plaster may still be painted. With a system of this kind, both new facades can be retrofitted and the facades of old buildings can be subsequently insulated and provided with a new plaster.

The disadvantage of the so-insulated components or parts of the building envelope is the changed temperature profile throughout the component. Due to the insulation usually results in a much lower temperature at the air-touched, ie the outside surface than uninsulated facades. The temperature profile in the wall cross section at a facade with a thermal insulation composite system of the aforementioned type shows 2 , where the temperature profile from outside to inside over the wall thickness is shown.

The Lowering of the surface temperature the outside the outside building layer leads to, that the dew point regularly falls below this level, especially during the night will and significant amounts of condensate on the outside surface of the outer building layer attack. This will be in the following day hours, in particular if not or only slightly sunlit areas of the outside building layer, not complete anymore dried off, leaving the surface permanently or predominantly remains wet. This forms the basis for growth in particular of algae. This phenomenon is called (facade) greening designated.

The greening was already subject of diverse Investigations. So it was trying to get the average temperature of the surface through Use of IR reflective coatings to lift or the surfaces facades with algicides, fungicides or photocatalytic coatings. Alles these approaches however, showed no lasting success, leaving relatively short Renovation cycles were required.

task The present invention is now to remedy this situation and a possibility to disposal to provide, in a simple and cost-effective way, the greening of the outside surface of the outer building layer a building envelope of a building can be prevented.

to solution the above object is provided according to the invention, that the outside building layer at least in some areas one over a heating device has heatable structure, the at least area heating and drying the outside surface the outer building layer to prevent the greening the surface is provided. Ultimately, the core idea of the invention is thus in the integration of a structure in an air or outside the insulation arranged layer, the structure then with external energy is supplied, which leads to the heating of the structure. The structure gives the Thermal energy then to the outside surface of the building layer off and on for drying the respective component surface. That way, ultimately the greening avoided the surface. It is understood that the structure in all areas or Components of the building envelope integrated can be. Furthermore it is understood that the present invention, so the use of a heatable structure within the exterior building layer, also with the measures indicated in the prior art (IR reflection, photocatalysis, algicides) can be combined if there is a high moisture attack and despite the present invention does not completely prevent the greening can be.

The heating device according to the invention, for heating in the outside building layer integrated structure is provided, preferably based on one electric heating in the form of a resistance heating or on transport of a heated heat transfer medium. It is understood that it is basically possible is to provide the two aforementioned alternatives cumulatively.

The exterior building layer preferably has a thermal insulation composite system, as is known from the prior art. The thermal insulation composite system may have an insulation board and / or a reinforcing fabric and / or a primer and / or an exterior plaster and / or a paint. The heatable structure according to the invention can then be in the insulation board and / or the reinforcing fabric and / or the primer and / or the exterior plaster and / or be integrated into the paint and / or in another layer in the thermal insulation composite system.

It It should be noted, however, that the outer building layer is basically but also only a facade panel or a facade profile, in particular made of metal, can be. In such a case, the over the Heating device then heated structure behind the concerned Plate or the relevant profile provided for its heating.

is the structure integrated into the reinforcing fabric, this has preferably electrically conductive Components on. These may be, in particular, carbon fibers, Metals, metal alloys and / or synthetic fibers with electrically conductive Act particles.

Usually has the reinforcing mesh firing and warp threads on. In this connection, it has been stated that it, um a sufficient areal To achieve heating, it is sufficient to form only weft or only warp threads conductive. Furthermore it has been found that it is even sufficient, not all Threads of a Direction electrically conductive train. It is sufficient only every second to tenth thread form electrically conductive.

Consist The strings of the reinforcement fabric of a plurality of filaments, is at a preferred embodiment provided that it is sufficient, only one electric conductive Provide filament per thread. This ultimately represents a very simple one and cost-effective embodiment it being understood that in principle it is also possible to form a plurality of filaments per thread electrically.

Instead of the use of electrically conductive filaments / threads is it basically also possible, the fabric and / or the threads / filaments with an electrically conductive wrapping such as a graphite binder dispersion to provide. Furthermore can the electrically conductive threads / filaments be electrically isolated or be free.

at another embodiment it is envisaged that the primer and / or the exterior plaster and / or the paint and / or another coating which is additionally provided becomes, electrically conductive Particles, in particular graphite, having. According to the principle of surface heating can do it then in particular parallel to each other leads with high conductivity, in particular of copper, be incorporated into this structure, so that a heated area arises between the supply lines. In a preferred embodiment this embodiment can the electrical leads are part of the reinforcement fabric.

Incidentally, is it is possible an additional, electric conductive Provide layer, which on the one hand to the previously already mentioned electrically conductive Particle-containing coating can act or otherwise for example, a conductive Fleece. Cheap it is in any case, the additional, electrically conductive Layer between the primer and the exterior plaster provide.

The electrically conductive Layer or the heating device can in principle be supplied with alternating voltage, in particular 230 volts or 110 volts, or with DC voltage, preferably be operated with more than 10 volts.

Especially When using AC voltage should be an electrical protection device between the structure and the power source of the heater provided be.

From It is particularly advantageous, moreover, to couple the structure with a photovoltaic device, so that used the solar energy for drying and preventing the greening can be, even in places that have little or no Have solar radiation.

at the electric heating alternative or cumulative embodiment it is provided that the heater in particular in the external plaster having provided capillary tube mats and / or hoses. It understands It's natural in principle also possible is the capillary tube mats and / or hoses in the reinforcing mortar, the Reinforcing mesh, the insulation board or to integrate a separate layer.

at the heat transfer medium it is a fluid, in particular water and / or glycol, that preferably over a pumping device is conveyed through the capillary tube mats and / or the hoses.

Incidentally, offers the alternative of the invention using a heat transfer medium in particular then, if possible is to couple the heater with a solar thermal device.

For controlling and / or regulating the heating device, a control device is preferably provided. This can be manually adjustable. But it can also be provided an associated remote control. The control device can then be used to automatically control or regulate the operation of the heating device in an automated manner. to Controllers preferably include sensors that measure, for example, the temperature and / or the moisture level of the outside surface of the exterior building layer. Depending on the measured values, the heating device is then activated. In this case, it is preferable to control / regulate the heating temperature and / or the heating time.

Prefers are the sensors in the most critical points of experience Building shell arranged. These are usually around those that are the strongest Moisture and / or exposed to the least sunlight are.

One special advantage is that over the control device different areas of the outside building layer can be controlled differently or heated. In this way may be the drying of the outside surface carried out according to demand become.

Otherwise it concerns the present invention but not just a building envelope of mentioned above, but in addition to the building as such also the individual Components of the outside Building layer in particular the thermal insulation composite system, the heating device, the primer, the exterior plaster and / or the paint, as far as this is for the purpose of the present invention, namely the prevention of greening by heating over the heater is used. In this case, the thermal insulation composite system then has the previously mentioned features for themselves or in any combination with each other during the Primer, the exterior plaster and / or the paint and optionally further coating electrically conductive Particles, in particular graphite, having.

Furthermore The present invention relates to a process for at least partial heating and Drying of the outside surface of the outer building layer a building by means of over the heater has heatable structure in or on the outside building layer to prevent the greening the surface.

at Investigations have been found that on many days in the Year the dew point often only by a few tenths of a degree below becomes. That's enough it in the method according to the invention, the temperature on these days only slightly raise what the system makes economic despite the energy consumption. It should be such that the heater only falls below the dew point of not more than 5 ° C, preferably not more than 2 ° C and in particular not more than 1 ° C is operated. If the dew point falls below, it does because of economical reasons no more sense to operate the heater. Basically it also possible according to the method, with to start heating only when the temperature is above the Dew point has risen. This is then the drying of the facade through supporting the heating.

Incidentally, has it has been shown that it is not necessary that the heating of the outboard surface and thus the operation of the heater is performed daily. It is sufficient, Every second to tenth day to completely dry the facade. The distances the individual heating processes are ultimately dependent of the type and construction of the outer building layer. Ultimately it is over the control device possible to set the intervals between 1 and 30 days, each one Any day within the aforementioned interval is possible. In any case, but should the heater when operated will, until the complete Drying of the monitored by sensors area of the surface of outside building layer operate.

Finally, concerns the present invention also the use of a via a Heating device heated structure in an exterior building layer a building envelope of a building for at least regional warming and drying the outside surface the outer building layer to prevent the greening the surface.

following Be exemplary embodiments of Invention explained with reference to the drawing. Here are all described and / or illustrated features alone or in any combination the subject of the present invention, regardless of its summary in the claims or their relationship.

It shows

1 3 is a perspective view of a portion of a prior art building envelope;

2 a schematic representation of a temperature profile through the building envelope according to 1 .

3 a schematic representation of a building,

4 a perspective view of a portion of a first embodiment of a building envelope,

5 one of the 4 corresponding view of a second embodiment of a building envelope,

6 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a resistance heating according to the invention,

7 a schematic representation of another embodiment of a resistance heater according to the invention and

8th a schematic view of a building layer according to the invention.

In 1 is a part of a building envelope A of not shown as not shown building. The building envelope A has a brickwork B and plaster C applied thereon. Applied to the plaster C is an exterior building layer D, which in the present case is a so-called thermal insulation composite system. The building layer D has as the lowest layer an insulation board E. On the insulation board E, which is connected here via a dowel F with the masonry B, a reinforcing mortar G is applied. Above the reinforcing mortar G is a reinforcing fabric H, on which in turn a primer I is applied. On the primer I turn an exterior plaster J is applied. On the exterior plaster J can, but this is not shown, additionally applied a coat of K.

In 2 the temperature profile over the thickness of the building envelope A is shown, with the building interior on the right and the building exterior on the left. The illustration shows that the temperature at the inside surface of masonry B is about 20 ° C, while at the outside surface of outer building layer D it is about -10 ° C. The diagram illustrates that the temperature profile in the area of the masonry B is relatively flat, while it is relatively strong in the area of the exterior building layer D.

In 3 is a schematic building 1 with a building envelope 2 shown. The building envelope 2 extends here over the entire building 1 including the roof area. The outer part of the building envelope 2 is from an outside building layer 3 educated. It should be noted that the building layer 3 even only partially on the building envelope 2 can be provided.

4 now shows a situation that is essentially according to the situation 1 equivalent. The building envelope 2 in this case includes the masonry 4 , on the outside a plaster layer 5 is applied. On the plaster layer 5 there is the outside building layer 3 , This has, as previously described in the prior art, a layer of insulation boards 6 on, with the individual insulation boards 6 over dowels 7 to the masonry 4 have been doweled. On the insulation board 6 is a layer of reinforcing mortar 8th applied, in which a layer of reinforcing fabric 9 is introduced. On the reinforcement fabric 9 is a layer with primer 10 applied, on the turn outside plaster 11 is applied. In one embodiment, not shown, on the exterior plaster 11 still a flat layer applied with a coat of paint.

The 5 corresponds to the illustration according to 4 , however, being on the plaster layer 5 has been omitted. In the relevant building 1 it is a new building, next to the masonry 4 the building layer 3 has been attached.

In the case of the two aforementioned embodiments, it is now the case that the outside building layer 3 at least in some areas via a heating device 12 has heatable structure, the at least partially heating and drying of the outside surface 13 the outer building layer 3 is provided. In this way, there is a prevention of the greening of the surface 13 ,

That in the 4 and 5 not shown principle of the heater 12 heatable structure results in particular 6 in which schematically based on the principle of resistance heating heater 12 is shown. At the in 6 illustrated embodiment, the aforementioned structure is through the reinforcing fabric 9 formed in which different threads are electrically conductive. The conductive threads are via leads 14 . 15 , which consist of electrically highly conductive material, connected together.

In the embodiment according to 7 it is so that the heatable structure through the exterior plaster 11 is formed, having electrically conductive particles. Again, there are parallel electrical supply lines 14 . 15 provided with high electrical conductivity. This also clarifies ultimately 8th in which the outer building layer 3 without masonry 4 is shown.

It is understood that the heatable structure is not limited to the outer plaster layer, but if necessary, in one or more of the other layers above the insulation board 6 can be provided. In particular, it is possible to provide an additional electrically conductive layer, for example a conductive nonwoven, for a conductive coating. In particular, this additional layer could be between the primer 10 and the exterior plaster 11 be provided.

The supply lines 14 . 15 are present with a DC source 16 connected. For controlling the DC power source 16 is a control device 17 provided, with the at least one sensor 18 is coupled. The sensor 18 is in the area of the building layer 3 arranged, especially on the surface 13 or immediately below. The sensor 18 serves in the present case for moisture measurement of the surface 13 , In addition, at least one sensor for measuring the temperature of the surface temperature and / or the outside temperature may also be provided.

Not shown is that the control device 17 may have different control circuits, which are separately controllable. This makes it possible to different areas of the building layer 3 at different times and / or with different heating temperatures to control or to heat.

It is not shown, moreover, that the heating device 12 in principle, instead of the electric heating can also heat the transport of a heat transfer medium. Can serve this purpose capillary tube mats and / or serve hoses, which are incorporated in one or more of the aforementioned layers.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

A

building envelope

B

masonry

C

plaster

D

outside building layer

e

Insulation Board

F

dowel

G

Armierungsmörtel

H

Armierungsgewebe

I

primer

J

exterior plaster

K

painting

1

building

2

building envelope

3

building layer

4

masonry

5

Rendering

6

Insulation Board

7

dowel

8th

Armierungsmörtel

9

Armierungsgewebe

10

primer

11

exterior plaster

12

heater

13

surface

14

supply

15

supply

16

Gleitstromquelle

17

control device

18

sensor

Claims (32)

Building Envelope ( 2 ) of a building ( 1 ) with an exterior building layer ( 3 ), characterized in that the outside building layer ( 3 ) at least in some areas via a heating device ( 12 ) has heatable structure, the at least partially heating and drying of the outside surface ( 13 ) of the outside building layer ( 3 ) to prevent the greening of the surface ( 13 ) is provided. Building envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device ( 12 ) is formed based on an electric heating and / or transport of a heat transfer medium. Building envelope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer building layer ( 3 ) a thermal insulation composite system with an insulation board ( 6 ), a reinforcing fabric ( 9 ), a primer ( 10 ), an external plaster ( 11 ) and / or has a coating and that the structure in the insulation board ( 6 ), the reinforcing fabric ( 9 ), the reason for 10 ), the external plaster ( 11 ), the paint and / or another layer is integrated. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement fabric ( 9 ) comprises electrically conductive components, in particular carbon fibers, metals, metal alloys and / or synthetic fibers with electrically conductive particles. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement fabric ( 9 ) Has weft and warp and / or that only weft or only warp threads are electrically conductive and / or that not all threads in the weft or warp direction are electrically conductive. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the threads of the reinforcing fabric ( 9 ) consist of a plurality of filaments and that, preferably, at least one electrically conductive filament per thread is provided. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement fabric ( 9 ) and / or the threads have an electrically conductive sheath, in particular of a graphite binder dispersion. Building shell after one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically conductive threads and / or Filaments are electrically isolated or uninsulated. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primer ( 10 ), the exterior plaster ( 11 ), the paint and / or a further additional coating of electrically conductive particles, in particular graphite, having. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in particular parallel electrical supply lines ( 14 . 15 ), in particular with high electrical conductivity, such as copper, in the primer ( 10 ), Exterior plaster ( 11 ), Paint and / or provided in the further coating to form a heatable surface. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical supply lines ( 14 . 15 ) Part of the reinforcement fabric ( 9 ) are. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional, electrically conductive layer, in particular an electrically conductive fleece or a conductive coating, in the outer building layer ( 3 ), in particular between the primer ( 10 ) and the exterior plaster ( 11 ) is provided. Building shell after one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically conductive layer with DC voltage, in particular greater than 12 volts, or AC voltage, in particular with 230 volts or 110 volts, is operable. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrical protective device between the structure and the power source of the heating device ( 12 ) is provided. Building shell after one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure is provided with a photovoltaic device is coupled. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device ( 12 ) especially in exterior plaster ( 11 ) provided capillary tube mats and / or hoses. Building shell after one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is a fluid, preferably Water and / or glycol. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device ( 12 ) is associated with a pumping device for conveying the fluid. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device ( 12 ) can be coupled with a solar thermal device. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control device ( 17 ) for controlling and / or regulating the heating device ( 12 ) is provided. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device ( 17 ) at least one sensor ( 18 ) for temperature and / or humidity measurement. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor ( 18 ) on such an area of the outside building layer ( 3 ) is provided, which is exposed to the strongest moisture attack. Building envelope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that via the control device ( 17 ) different areas of the outside building layer ( 3 ) are heated differently. External thermal insulation system for an exterior building layer ( 3 ) of a building envelope ( 2 ) of a building ( 1 ), with one via a heating device ( 12 ) Heated structure for at least partially heating and drying of the outside surface ( 13 ) of the outside building layer ( 3 ) to prevent the greening of the surface. Wärmedämmverbundsystem according to claim 23, having one or more of the characterizing features the claims 2 to 22. Primer ( 10 ), Exterior plaster ( 11 ), Paint and / or coating for a thermal insulation composite system according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that electrically conductive particles, in particular graphite, are included. Process for at least partial heating and drying of the outside surface ( 13 ) of the outer building layer ( 3 ) of a building envelope ( 2 ) of a building ( 1 ) by means of a heating device ( 12 ) heatable structure in the exterior building layer ( 3 ), to the verhin the greening of the surface ( 13 ). Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the heating device ( 12 ) is operated at below the dew point of not more than 5 ° C, preferably not more than 2 ° C and in particular not more than 1 ° C. Method according to claim 27, characterized in that the heating device ( 12 ) is operated only at a temperature above the dew point. Process according to claims 27 to 29, characterized in that that warming not done daily. Method according to one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that the heating device ( 12 ) until complete drying with sensors ( 18 ) monitored area of the surface ( 13 ) of the outside building layer ( 3 ) is operated. Use of a heating device ( 12 ) heatable structure in an exterior building layer ( 3 ) of a building envelope ( 2 ) of a building ( 1 ), at least in areas heating and drying of the outside surface ( 13 ) of the outer building layer ( 3 ) to prevent the greening of the surface ( 13 ).

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