DE102009005456A1 - Fixing anchors and method for fixing a facade - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixing anchor for facades with at least one deformation section, which undergoes a predetermined plastic deformation under tensile and / or compressive load to absorb energy. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding method for fixing a facade.

Description

The The present invention relates to a fastening anchor and a method for fixing a facade to a building.

fastening anchor are known and are for example about bolts attached to a concrete floor or concrete floor, so that at a section of the fastening anchor the building facade or their facade elements or panels or the like attached can be. Such a fastening anchor is to designed loads, such as dead load of the facade, Wind, snow, etc., take up and initiate into the building. usual Wind load attachments consist essentially of a flat Plate. There are also reinforced versions, so-called bomb-load fasteners, the short-term very high loads into the structure, as they do for example in a crash or explosion.

Such a bomb-load attachment is in the patent DE 3 723 755 C2 described. The fastening anchor described in this patent comprises, as in 7 shown is a prism 12 to postpone a block 14 , The block 14 can about screws 16 at the prism 12 be attached and has a dovetail groove on a front side 18 into which a dovetail-shaped prism 20 is inserted, that about screws 22 is determinable. At the lower end of the prism 20 is a cross piece 24 arranged on which a facade element, such as a panel, can be fastened. The anchor is bolted 36 attached to the building, with toothed washers 38 in likewise serrated slots 28 . 30 a base 26 be used of the U-shaped mounting anchor. The U-shape of the mounting anchor with the base 26 and a pair of thighs 27 that is perpendicular to the base 26 rise, can absorb high forces both in the tensile and compressive direction. Thus, even very high load peaks, such as the occurrence of an impact or an explosion, can be recorded and introduced into the building without the fixing anchor deforming for a short time. However, there is a risk that due to the high loads recorded damage to the building and / or the facade occur.

The DE 20 2007 004 060 U1 describes a building closure in blast-resistant design with at least two filling elements and arranged in a gap region between the filling elements frame element which encloses each of the two filling elements together with other frame elements.

It There is thus a need for an improved attachment anchor, damage to buildings and / or facades or Avoid or at least reduce panels. Furthermore there is a need for a method of attaching facades, which minimize stress in impact or explosion or the like can.

The The object of the invention is thus to provide a fastening anchor and a fastening method for preventing or minimizing damage to building components and / or facades.

These Task is through the objects, as in the independent Claims are described solved. advantageous Further developments are in the dependent claims Are defined.

Has according to the invention a fixing anchor for facades, cladding, panels etc. at least one deformation section, the train and / or Pressure load undergoes a predetermined plastic deformation. By the fastening anchor is not rigid, but a deformation portion having a predetermined plastic Deformation takes place under load, much of the Stress energy due to the plastic deformation of the fastening anchor absorbed to the burden of building components too reduce.

Of the Deformation section is designed or configured or configurable, that at a certain or determinable or predetermined or specifiable load or force introduction a predetermined or predefinable plastic deformation of the deformation section occurs. Thus, when loading or force is introduced into the fastening anchor absorbs a predetermined or determinable or determinable energy, by the deformation section to a predetermined or specifiable Amount is deformed.

Of the Fixing anchor is by means of a base plate with the building, especially rigid, connected. The facade is attached to a facade attached to the mounting anchor. The deformation section is in a state mounted on a building on the building facing away or facing side of the base plate, d. H. on the Weather side or room side, arranged. In particular, the deformation section arranged between the base plate and the facade attachment.

The deformation section has a macroscopic modulus of elasticity Ein and / or a macroscopic shear modulus G _m , which is smaller than the macroscopic Elasitizitäts- and / or shear Module of adjacent to the deformation portion areas of the fastening anchor or the base plate or the facade fastening. In particular, the microscopic elastic modulus E and / or the microscopic shear modulus G of the deformation section may be greater than the macroscopic elastic modulus Ein and / or the macroscopic shear modulus G _m . In particular, the microscopic elastic modulus E and / or the microscopic shear modulus G of the deformation section can be equal to the microscopic elasticity and / or shear modulus of the regions of the fastening anchor or the base plate or the facade fastening adjacent to the deformation section.

The macroscopic modulus of elasticity A of the deformation section or of the base plate is understood below to mean a material constant which, within the elastic limit, determines the proportionality between the stress σ = F / A applied to the deformation section or the base plate and the resulting relative strain or compression ε = ΔI / I quantified. F corresponds to the applied force, A the cross-sectional area, ΔI the change in length and I the length. For small stresses, ie below the elastic limit, ε = 1 / E _m × σ. The size is therefore referred to as macroscopic modulus of elasticity Ein, because also material distances from the deformation section or the base plate are taken into account for the calculation for determining the macroscopic modulus of elasticity E _m .

in the Contrast this is below the microscopic elastic modulus E of the deformation section or the base plate, the material constant of the Full material understood from which the deformation section or the base plate is made.

Analogously, a distinction is made between the macroscopic shear modulus G _m and the microscopic shear modulus G, where for small stresses, ie below the elastic limit, α = 1 / G _m × σ with α as the angle of shear.

If material recesses or material weakenings (for example through bores, slots, beads, etc.) are formed in the area of the deformation section in a preferred one-piece design of the fastening anchor, the microscopic elasticity and / or shear modulus (E and / or G) can be formed. be constant within the attachment anchor and at the same time vary the macroscopic elasticity and / or shear modulus (E _m and / or G _m ) within the attachment anchor. Ie. Preferably, the macroscopic modulus of elasticity and / or shear (E _m and / or G _m ) of the deformation section is smaller than the macroscopic elastic modulus and / or shear modulus (E _m and / or G _m ) of the base plate and smaller than the microscopic elasticity and modulus shear modulus (E and / or G) of the deformation section.

Further the fastening anchor can be designed such that the microscopic elasticity and / or shear modulus (E and / or G) of the deformation section is smaller than the microscopic one Elasticity and / or shear modulus of the base plate or the remaining fastening anchor. This education can be through change the composition and / or structure of the material of the deformation section in contrast to the material adjacent to the deformation section of the fastening anchor can be achieved. For one thing, in particular the deformation section, in particular of a different material exist and / or not belonging to the deformation section Be partially hardened areas of the fastening anchor. A Reduction of the macroscopic elasticity and / or Shear modulus of the deformation section can in particular by a different degree of sintering in powder metallurgy production of the fastening anchor can be achieved.

Of the Deformation section can thereby cross-sectional weakenings, Recesses, depressions and / or deformation elements such as webs, rod-shaped elements, deformable layers between layered Plates etc. have.

By the geometric design and the size of the elastic modules of the deformation section, is the deformation section can be predetermined upon application of a predetermined force or voltage plastically deformable. In particular, the deformation section upon application of a predetermined force or voltage specifiable plastically deformable during the surrounding the deformation section Area of the fastening anchor or the base plate by the application of the predetermined force or stress only elastically deformable is because the elastic limit of the material is not exceeded becomes. The plastic deformation of the deformation section leads to absorption by the application of force in the fastening anchor introduced energy, wherein preferably the deformation section is solidified by the plastic deformation. advantageously, becomes the building construction, in particular the attachment point the fixing anchor, d. H. the base plate, with the building construction, by the amount of energy absorbed by the deformation section relieved and can therefore run weaker become.

After the application of the fastening anchor with the predetermined force or voltage return the elastically deformed portions of the fastening anchor substantially to their origi back shape, while the deformation portion remains deformed in a predetermined or predetermined manner.

With In other words, the fastening anchor according to the invention causes for the arrangement of facade parts on a building Advantageously by means of the deformation section, which at a predeterminable application of a mechanical stress is deformed in a predeterminable manner by a predeterminable amount, a lower mechanical load on the load-bearing building construction, since the energy introduced into the fixing anchor partially, especially for the most part, in deformation energy is converted to deformation of the deformation section and thereby the energy introduced into the building construction becomes smaller is as the energy introduced into the fixing anchor.

Preferably the deformation section has a plurality of recesses or depressions or cross-sectional reductions separated from each other Stege. Thus, the deformation portion can be simple and inexpensive Be made way. In addition, a desired Deformation behavior, d. H. absorbed or absorbed work, Deformation, deformation, etc. by arrangement, number, Cross section etc. of the webs, recesses, depressions or cross-sectional reductions be achieved.

Further Preferably, at least one first land is configured to be both to act under pressure load as well as tensile load and at least a second bridge to only under pressure or only tensile load too act, d. H. the first bridge deforms in both pressure and also tensile load, while the second bridge only in one Strain direction is deformed and in the other direction in the essentially does not absorb any force.

Preferably are webs and recesses through holes in the deformation section formed so that the holes correspond to the recesses and the material margins remaining between adjacent holes form the webs.

Further Preferably, the attachment anchor has at least one intermediate member, preferably as substantially perpendicular to the webs Beam section is formed and a connection of the webs with forms a base plate and wherein at least one bridge fixed to the Intermediate link is connected and at least one other bridge opposite the intermediate member is slidably disposed in one direction and abuts in the opposite direction to a stop element, wherein the stop element is preferably arranged on the intermediate member is. In this case, a pair of intermediate links is preferably bar-shaped Components arranged on opposite sides of the webs.

Preferably the stop element has a bevel on which a slidable web runs in the deformation. To this Way rises a force introduced into the movable bridge with increasing deformation, so that the web is a continuous increasing load absorbs.

Preferably is a base plate of the fastening anchor over rod-shaped Elements or pins or bolts with at least one, preferably one Pair of anchor plate (s) connected, the rod-shaped elements are plastically deformable. In this way, the rod-shaped form Elements a deformation section combined with webs can to provide two deformation sections. The rod-shaped However, elements can also be arranged without providing webs be, if only one deformation section to be formed. In In other words, a desired deformation behavior the deformation section by number and type of deformation elements (Webs and / or rod-shaped elements) and their configuration be achieved.

Further Preferably, an intermediate layer is in an intermediate space between Base plate and anchor plate (s) arranged, the metal and / or plastic having. This intermediate layer can further deformation forces absorb if due to the introduction of force in the base plate this relative to the or the anchor plate (s) moves.

The invention further relates to a method for fixing a facade with the steps:
Providing a fastening anchor;
Disposing a deformation portion on the attachment anchor that undergoes a predetermined deformation under tensile and / or compressive loading to absorb an input force; and
Connecting the fastening anchor with the building, preferably a ceiling or a floor plate and connecting the fastening anchor with the facade.

Preferably The method of attaching a facade further comprises Step of forming recesses and lands.

Further Preferably, the method further comprises the step of forming of first webs on such that these both under pressure load as also act on tensile load, and the step of forming second webs such that they only with pressure or only act on tensile load.

Furthermore, the method preferably comprises the steps:
Providing at least one, preferably a pair of anchor plate (s); and
Connecting the anchor plate (s) with a base plate of the fastening anchor by means of a plurality of rod-shaped elements.

The Invention will be described below with reference to preferred embodiments exemplified with reference to the drawings. there can be individual features of an embodiment with individual features of another embodiment combined to form further embodiments, which are not explicitly explained here.

1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a fastening anchor according to the invention.

2 shows a second embodiment of a fastening anchor according to the invention in plan view.

3 shows a third embodiment of a fastening anchor according to the invention in plan view.

4 shows a perspective view of a fastening anchor according to a fourth embodiment.

5 shows a plan view of a fastening anchor according to a fifth embodiment.

6 shows a sixth embodiment of a fastening anchor in the front view.

7 shows a seventh embodiment of a fastening anchor in a perspective view.

8th shows a perspective view of a fastening anchor according to the prior art.

As in 1 is shown, has a fastening anchor according to the invention 100 a base plate 110 which is to be connected via screws, bolts or the like (not shown) with a concrete floor or a concrete floor, a concrete column or the like. At one with respect to the base plate 110 opposite end has the fastening anchor 100 a façade attachment 130 on, on which an outer facade, a panel or the like can be fastened.

Although not shown here, the base plate can 100 have simple holes or preferably elongated holes, which are preferably toothed to arrange toothed washers in these slots and to connect the washers on screws, bolts or the like with a concrete component of the building. In this case, a through hole of the washer is preferably arranged eccentrically to obtain by turning the washer by 90 degrees or 180 degrees, a further fine adjustment. Regarding this attachment of the base plate 110 is on the patent DE 3 723 755 C2 Reference is made, the disclosure of which with respect to the washers with the eccentric bore and the toothing of the washer in engagement with the toothed slots herein incorporated by reference.

In contrast to the prior art is the base plate 110 not over a stiff or rigid section or body with the facade attachment 130 connected, but via a deformation section 120 , which undergoes a predetermined plastic deformation under load in the tensile and / or compressive direction to absorb energy.

In In other words, the fastening anchor is only up to a load in the amount of wind load rigid or elastically deformable and deforms plastically at higher load values permanent. Depending on the application, the deformation section However, also set to other values than the wind load specified here become. Furthermore, the values for printing and tensile load may be different if in one direction all (explained below) deformation elements and in only predetermined deformation elements act in the other direction, d. H. by, for example, single-sided and double-sided webs are arranged.

The deformation portion may, for example, as in 1 shown is one or more webs 122 as a deformation element (s) which bend / bend under load according to the distance between the base plate 110 and the facade fastening 130 to enlarge or reduce. In the field of facade fastening 130 For example, a (not shown) post of the facade may be appropriate.

The deformation work for bending the at least one web 122 absorbs the energy when loading the fastening anchor 100 , Thus, loads on the building and / or the facade can be minimized. An example calculation has shown that the transverse forces, for example, in the posts in the region of the fastening anchor 100 from 330 kN in the case of a fixing anchor according to the prior art to about 200 kN in the case of an invent Mounting anchor according to the invention can be minimized.

The Minimizing the bearing load can thus damage the Prevent or minimize buildings. Furthermore can smaller fasteners, dowels, so-called Halfen rails, steel components etc. can be used at a cost and save working time when fixing.

The fixing anchor 100 However, it can be installed or cast in itself or integrated into a steel component directly into the concrete or a concrete bag. Another possibility is to provide the fastening anchor integrated or integral as part of a post, frame support or the like.

As further in 1 is shown, has the fixing anchor 100 preferably a plurality of webs 122 For example, a pair of three bars each 122 on opposite sides of the façade attachment 130 are arranged and a connection between the facade fastening 130 and an intermediate link 126 create. This intermediate link 126 is preferably a bar-shaped element and in turn creates a connection of the webs 122 with the base plate 110 , In other words, the bars are 122 arranged substantially transversely to a force introduction direction K or a direction L extending opposite thereto. Thus occurs a bending of the webs 122 on when the facade fixture 130 in the direction K or L is loaded. The fixing anchor 100 can be made in a simple and inexpensive manner from a substantially flat plate, for example made of steel, by recesses or openings or depressions or cross-sectional weakenings 124 be formed by punching, sawing, forging, milling or the like to the webs 122 to build.

At the in 1 the embodiment shown, the webs act 122 in the direction K and in the direction L in substantially the same manner, ie, it is essentially the same deformation work for bending the ridges 122 required. Thus, at a pressure load in the direction K, substantially the same energy is absorbed as in a tensile load in the direction L.

As further in 2 At least one bridge can be shown 123 be configured as a single-acting (second) bridge, which is only in the introduction of the force in one direction, in 2 at initiation in the compression direction K bends, while the web 123 in the opposite direction (direction L in 2 ) is freely movable or displaceable in order to absorb in this direction L no force or to absorb energy. In other words, the bridge bends 123 only under compressive load in the direction K by the web 123 on a stop element 128 is applied. On loading of the fastening anchor in the opposite direction of pull L, however, the web can 123 move freely to absorb no force.

Depending on configuration, ie cross-sectional shape, cross-sectional size and number of single-acting second webs 123 as well as configuration and number of double-acting (first) webs 122 , the fixing anchor can 110 be designed to have a predetermined energy absorption in the pulling direction, which is different from an energy absorption in the printing direction. Although in 2 the energy absorption in the printing direction K is greater than in the pulling direction L, the fastening anchor 100 (although not shown here) may also be configured so that, conversely, the energy absorption in the pulling direction is greater than in the pressing direction when the stopper member 128 on the opposite side of the single-acting bridge 123 is arranged.

As further in 3 is shown, the stop element 128 also over a slope 128a on which the single-acting bridge 123 runs. So one takes in the jetty 123 initiated force in the deformation of the fastening anchor 100 continuously too. Furthermore, as in 3 shown is the single-acting bridge 123 on one side on a flat side of a stop element 128 abut and on the opposite side against a slope 128a the stop element 128 abut or with the slope 128 engage.

The stop element 128 can (although it is not shown here) on both sides with a slope 128a be provided. In addition, the stop element 128 also have two flat sides to a direct concern of the web 123 to effect.

4 shows a further embodiment in which the recesses 124 are formed by drilling. The bore margins between adjacent holes 124 serve as (two-sided acting) webs 122 , It is understood that (although not shown here) the holes with the slot-shaped recesses 124 the first to third embodiments of the 1 to 3 can be combined.

In addition, the webs can 122 through any slots 124 in any number and arrangement, as in 5 is exemplified.

6 shows another example of a Ver deformation portion 120 , In this embodiment of the 6 becomes an anchor plate 140 attached to the building or the building component and the base plate 110 is about rod-shaped elements 132 with the anchor plate 140 connected. If now on the facade attachment 130 and the intermediate member 126 a force in the base plate 110 is initiated, the rod-shaped elements can 132 bend to absorb energy. Preferably, a plurality of rod-shaped elements 132 arranged. Advantageously, a pair of anchor plates 140 . 140 provided and the base plate 110 is sandwiched between the pair of anchor plates 140 . 140 positioned, the rod-shaped elements 132 the anchor plates 140 . 140 with the base plate 110 connect. The pair of anchor plates 140 . 140 is preferably via one or more connecting links 146 connected together by the / the links 146 preferably via welds 144 with the anchor plates 140 . 140 connected is. However, it can also be any other type of connection in the form of screws, bolts, gluing, rivets, etc. are used.

Another way to absorb energy is to leave a gap between the anchor plates 140 . 140 and the base plate 110 with an intermediate layer 150 to fill, which may be metallic, non-metallic or elastic, for example made of a resin plastic or the like. This intermediate layer 150 can thus absorb more energy. It is also conceivable when arranging the intermediate layer 150 on the vertical rod-shaped elements 132 to renounce.

The in 6 shown deformation section with the rod-shaped elements 132 and / or the intermediate layer 150 can instead of in the 1 to 5 shown deformation section 120 with the jetties 122 . 123 or in addition to the deformation section 120 be formed, depending on the application.

7 shows a seventh embodiment with two concentric tubes 210 . 220 , which are pushed into each other and at one end by welding, crimping, screwing, riveting, etc. are firmly connected. It has the inner tube 220 the deformation section 120 with the recesses 124 and jetties 122 , When pressure is applied, the inner tube pushes 220 in the outer tube 210 it is drawn out and in tensile load to each of the deformation section 120 to deform.

In the 7 construction shown is preferably used for cable and Zugstabfassaden, as in DE 198 31 026 B4 and DE 198 31 025 C1 are described. It is also possible to use the proposed attachment in a vertical arrangement for cable or Zugstabfassaden at the points of Seilabspannung to shell.

The push rod of the seventh embodiment is preferably over the four connection points of the outer tube 210 installed in a cable system. In this case, a glass pane can be received via a so-called spider.

Although not shown in the figures, the fastening anchor may also be formed integrally with a support post or frame element of a building. Alternatively, instead of being bolted to a building element, a single anchor may be cast into a concrete pavement. The webs and rod-shaped elements are not limited to the embodiments shown here, but may have any other shape to achieve a particular absorption behavior or energy absorption or damping. For example, the slots need to be for forming the recesses 124 not always be longitudinal slots, but may have any other shape such as triangular, oval, sawtooth, wavy, meandering, etc. In the 4 shown holes for forming the recesses 124 not all have the same diameter, but may be different. In addition, the holes do not have to be circular, but may also be oval, oblong or the like.

The slope 128a need not be a straight line, but may also be curved or curved or toothed, wavy or the like. The bridges 122 . 123 do not have to have a rectangular cross-sectional shape, as shown in the embodiments, but may also have an oval round or any other cross-sectional shape. Such a deformation behavior or an energy absorption can be achieved arbitrarily.

In addition, in the slots or holes or recesses or depressions or cross-sectional weakenings 124 Any filler materials are introduced to achieve additional damping or weakening of the bearing loads.

10

fastening anchor

12

prism

14

block

16

screw

18

dovetail

20

dove prism

22

screw

24

crosspiece

26

Base

27

leg

28

Long hole

30

Long hole

32

gearing

34

gearing

36

bolt

38

washer

40

plate

42

gearing

44

mother

100

fastening anchor

110

baseplate

112

drilling

120

deforming section

122

bilaterally acting (first) footbridge

123

easy acting (second) footbridge

124

recess

126

intermediary

128

stop element

128a

slope

130

Fasadenbefestigung

132

rod-shaped element

140

anchor plate

142

drilling

144

Weld

146

link

150

interlayer

210

outer tube

220

inner tube

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 3723755 C2 [0003, 0042]
• - DE 202007004060 U1 [0004]
• - DE 19831026 B4 [0061]
• - DE 19831025 C1 [0061]

Claims (12)

Fixing anchor ( 100 ) for facades with at least one deformation section ( 120 ), which undergoes a given plastic deformation under tensile and / or compressive loading. Fixing anchor according to claim 1, wherein the deformation section ( 120 ) a plurality of through recesses ( 124 ) separate webs ( 122 . 123 ) having. Fixing anchor according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least a first web ( 122 ) is configured to act both under compressive load and tensile load and at least one second bridge ( 123 ) is configured to operate only under compressive or tensile load only. Fixing anchor according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein webs ( 122 . 123 ) and recesses ( 124 ) through holes in the deformation section ( 120 ) are formed. Fixing anchor according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein at least one intermediate member ( 126 ) for the connection of the webs ( 122 . 123 ) with a base plate ( 110 ) is arranged, at least one web ( 122 ) fix with the pontic ( 126 ) and at least one other bridge ( 123 ) in relation to the intermediate member ( 126 ) is slidably disposed in one direction and in the opposite direction to a stop element ( 128 ) abuts, wherein the stop element ( 128 ) preferably on the intermediate member ( 126 ) is arranged. Fixing anchor according to claim 5, wherein the stop element ( 128 ) a slope ( 128a ), to which a displaceable web ( 123 ) runs up during deformation. Fixing anchor according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein a base plate ( 110 ) of the fastening anchor via rod-shaped elements ( 132 ) with at least one, preferably a pair of anchor plate (s) ( 140 ), and the rod-shaped elements ( 132 ) are plastically deformable. Fixing anchor according to claim 7, wherein an intermediate layer ( 150 ) in a space between the base plate ( 110 ) and anchor plate ( 140 ) is arranged, which has metal and / or plastic. A method of securing a facade comprising the steps of: providing a mounting anchor; Arranging a deformation section ( 120 ) on the fastening anchor, which undergoes a predetermined deformation under tensile and / or compressive loading; and connecting the attachment anchor to the building and connecting the attachment anchor to the facade. A method of fixing a facade according to claim 9, further comprising the step of forming recesses ( 124 ) and bridges ( 122 . 123 ). Method for fixing a facade according to one of the preceding claims 9 or 10, further comprising the steps of forming first webs ( 122 ) such that they act both under compressive load and tensile load, and the formation of second webs ( 123 ) Such that they act only when pressure or only with tensile load. Method for fixing a facade according to one of the preceding claims 9 to 11, further comprising the steps of: providing at least one, preferably a pair of anchor plate (s) ( 140 ); and connecting the anchor plate (s) ( 140 ) with a base plate ( 110 ) of the fastening anchor by means of a plurality of rod-shaped elements ( 132 ).