DE102008062790A1 - Method and arrangement for spatial representation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for spatial representation, in particular the spatially perceptible presentation without aid for simultaneously multiple viewers, the so-called autostereoscopic visualization. In the method according to the invention, on a grid (1) of picture elements x (i, j) with lines (i) and columns (j), picture part information of different views A (k) with k = 1,..., N and n> 1 made visible, the grid (1) of pixels x (i, j) at a distance s at least one parallax barrier screen (2) upstream or downstream, which contains opaque, semi-transparent and transparent sections, wherein the transparent and partially transparent sections substantially by edges rectilinearly delimited strips extending from one edge of the parallax barrier screen (2) to an opposite edge without interruption so that one or more observers (3) at least partially different with both eyes due to the visual confinement effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen (2) Picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof see or see, whereby both eyes each at least partially different views n A (k) perceive and thus create a spatial visual impression.

Description

The Invention relates to the field of spatial representation, in particular, the spatially perceptible without aids Representation for several viewers simultaneously, the so-called autostereoscopic visualization.

For some time, there have been approaches to the aforementioned subject area. A pioneer in this field was Frederic Ives, who in Scripture GB190418672 A presented a system with a "line screen" for 3D presentation. Furthermore, in the writing of Sam H. Kaplan "Theory of parallax barriers", Journal of SMPTE Vol. 59, No. 7, pp. 11-21, July 1952 Basic insights into the use of barrier screens for 3D imaging are described.

For a long time, however, no comprehensive dissemination of autostereoscopic systems was achieved. Only in the 80s of the 20th century could a certain renaissance of the 3D systems be used due to the now available computing power and new display technologies. In the 1990s, the number of patent applications and publications on glasses-free 3D visualizations skyrocketed. Outstanding results have been achieved by the following inventors or providers:
In the JP 8-331605 AA describe Masutani Takeshi et al. a step barrier in which a transparent barrier element has approximately the dimensions of a color subpixel (R, G or B). With this technique, it was possible for the first time to partially redirect the vertical resolution of the loss of resolution in the horizontal direction that occurs in most autostereoscopic systems due to the simultaneous display of several views (at least two, preferably more than two views). The disadvantage here, as with all barrier methods, is the high loss of light. In addition, when the viewer moves sideways, the stereo contrast changes from nearly 100% to about 50%, and then increases again to 100%, resulting in a 3D image quality that fluctuates in the viewing space.

Pierre Allio succeeded in teaching after the US 5,808,599 A . US 5,936,607 A and WO 00/10332 A1 a noteworthy evolution of lenticular technology, using a sub-pixel-based view layout as well.

Another outstanding result was presented by Cees van Berkel with the EP 791 847 A1 patent pending. Lenticular lenses inclined relative to the vertical are located above a display which also shows different perspective views. Characteristically n views are divided on at least two screen lines, so that in turn the loss of resolution from the horizontal is partially transferred to the vertical.

lenticular However, they can only be produced with great difficulty and the production process for a 3D display based on it is not trivial.

Jesse Eichenlaub founded several of the milestones for autostereoscopy with the writings US 6,157,424 A and WO 02/35277 A1 as well as several other inventions.

With the DE 10 003 326 C2 succeeded Armin Grasnick et al. a further development of the barrier technology with respect to two-dimensionally structured wavelength-selective filter arrays to produce a 3D impression. However, the disadvantage here too is the greatly reduced brightness of such 3D systems compared with a 2D display.

Armin Schwerdtner succeeded with the WO 2005/027534 A2 a novel technological approach for a full-resolution 3D rendering in all (usually two) views. However, this approach is associated with high adjustment effort and for larger screen diagonals (from about 25 inches) is extremely difficult to implement.

Of the Invention is now the object of a possibility for autostereoscopic display based on the barrier technology to create one for several viewers simultaneously to achieve improved perceptibility. Under improved perceptibility is in particular, but not alone, an improved brightness at the same time the highest possible stereo channel separation understand.

• – auf einem Raster aus Bildelementen x(i, j) mit Zeilen i und Spalten j Bildteilinformationen verschiedener Ansichten A(k) mit k = 1, ..., n und n > 1 sichtbar gemacht werden, und
• – dem Raster aus Bildelementen x(i, j) im Abstand s mindestens ein Parallaxenbarriereschirm vor- oder nachgeordnet ist, welcher opake, teiltransparente und transparente Abschnitte enthält, wobei die transparenten und die teiltransparenten Abschnitte im Wesentlichen durch Kanten geradlinig begrenzten Streifen entsprechen, welche von einem Rande des Parallaxenbarriereschirms ohne Unterbrechung zu einem gegenüberliegenden Rande verlaufen,
• – so dass ein oder mehrere Betrachter auf Grund der Sichtbeschränkungswirkung durch den mindestens einen Parallaxenbarriereschirm jeweils mit beiden Augen zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Bildelemente x(i, j) und/oder Teile davon sieht bzw. sehen, wodurch beide Augen jeweils zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Ansichten A(k) wahrnehmen und damit ein räumlicher Seheindruck entsteht.

This object is achieved by a method for spatial representation, in which

• On a grid of picture elements x (i, j) with rows i and columns j, visual part information of different views A (k) with k = 1, ..., n and n> 1 are made visible, and
• - the grid of picture elements x (i, j) at a distance s at least one parallax barrier screen is arranged upstream or downstream, which contains opaque, partially transparent and transparent sections, wherein the transparent and the partially transparent sections substantially correspond by edges rectilinear strips, which of one edge of the parallax barrier screen without interruption to an opposite edge,
• - So that one or more observers due to the visual restriction effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen with two eyes at least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts there see or see, so that both eyes each perceive at least partially different views A (k) and thus creates a spatial visual impression.

The new methods open up novel means-effect relationships. First, the use of not only transparent and opaque Sections, as common in the art, a clear gentler transition of seen views A (k) at lateral Movement of the viewer allows. Second, in many Embodiments through the use of semi-transparent sections, which from one edge of the parallax barrier screen without interruption run to an opposite edge, ensuring that the viewer (s), if due to the visual restriction effect of some picture elements x (i, j) only parts (and not the complete picture element) see such a part of one Do not always see picture element x (i, j) with full brightness. This will cause the resolution seen and the stereo channel separation improved.

Across from a common barrier with only opaque and transparent It is also by virtue of the invention possible to increase the brightness, such as through the insertion partially transparent sections around the otherwise usual ones transparent sections without the stereo channel separation noticeably to worsen.

The Sections may also be different from strip-shaped be, for example, sugar bag shaped.

at The method according to the invention, the arrangement is carried out the picture part information of different views A (k) on the grid from pixels x (i, j) advantageously in a two-dimensional one periodic pattern, with the period length in the horizontal and the vertical direction preferably not more than 32 each Picture elements x (i, j). Exceptions to this upper limit of 32 pixels x (i, j) are allowed.

Particular embodiments of the reproduction of the image part information, such as in the DE 101 45 133 C1 described are also possible.

Prefers the vertical period length is equal to the number n of represented views. For example, this number of views n 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more.

For all subsequent embodiments will be of exactly one parallax barrier although for certain applications Also, several such Parallaxenbarrierenschirme be beneficial can.

henceforth The picture elements x (i, j) correspond in each case to individual color subpixels (R, G or B) or clusters of color subpixels (eg RG, GB or RGBR or other) or full color pixels, with full color pixels both white-mixing structures made of RGB color subpixels, ie RGB triplets, as well as - depending on imaging technology - actual Full-color pixels - as is often the case with projection screens common - meant.

The partially transparent sections are preferred as neutral filters or Grayscale filter formed, in particular for substantially wavelength-independent Weakening the light intensity. Such neutral filter or grayscale filters may be under use, for example of so-called dithering method exclusively under Use of opaque and transparent sub-areas are produced. This means that the effect of a particular grayscale through the arrangement of only opaque defined by dithering Points or other patterns of small area is achieved without actually points or patterns of a certain gray level to use. The latter is especially of Advantage, if the grayscale or neutral filters by exposure methods, which only opaque or transparent points can made should be.

Advantageously, at least one transparent section adjoins a partially transparent section on the parallax barrier screen. Alternatively, it is possible for the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen to be periodic
Opaque
part Transparent
Transparent
part Transparent
Opaque
part Transparent
Transparent
part Transparent
etc. is.

Yet another advantageous order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen is periodic
Opaque
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
Opaque
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
Opaque etc.

Furthermore, it is possible that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen each periodically
Opaque
Transparent
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
partially transparent ... etc., or vice versa.

A further embodiment provides that the sequence of the sections on the parallax barrier screen in each case periodically
Opaque
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Transparent
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Opaque ... etc .. is.

Of the first transmittance could z. 33%, the second 66% be. As "transparent" would then, moreover a transmittance of close to 100%, the technical mostly not really, but only approximate, is reached.

Finally, it is possible for at least three different types of partially transparent sections to be provided on the parallax barrier screen in each case with regard to their transmittance. For example:
Opaque
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Partially transparent with a third transmittance
Transparent
Partially transparent with a third transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Opaque ... etc ..

in this connection the first transmittance could be 20%, the second 40%, the third 80%, or the first 25%, the second 49%, the third 74%. Many other meaningful embodiments are possible.

Alternatively, the aforementioned embodiment can also be varied:
Opaque
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Partially transparent with a third transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Transparent
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Partially transparent with a third transmittance
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Opaque ... etc ..

Derlei Variations serve to reduce optical overlays.

For certain applications, such as to avoid moiré effects, can be placed on the parallax barrier screen between each two opaque sections with a statistical distribution a more transparent or a partially transparent portion. That means, that the selection, whether it is a transparent or semi-transparent section act happens by chance.

Advantageous Both transparent and semi-transparent sections are included Parallel projection of the parallax barrier screen onto the grid of picture elements x (i, j) with respect to the vertical direction of Rasters of pixels x (i, j) substantially by -90 ... + 90 (including 0) degrees inclined, the inclination of Zero degree, of course, is not a true tilt, but the vertical one Alignment corresponds.

The transparent sections can average the same or have a different width, as the partially transparent Sections. Be advantageous embodiments in which the Sum of semi-transparent sections larger is as one of the transparent sections as possible good stereo channel separation, so diminished mix of different Views per eye to achieve.

Furthermore, at least one partially transparent section on the parallax barrier screen (FIG. 2 ) have gradual or continuous changes in the transmittance, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the corresponding section. This expression also makes it possible, for example, to dampen moiré effects.

In general, the angle subtending the said horizontal and vertical period length of the said two-dimensional periodic pattern as the counter and adjacent part should substantially correspond to the average inclination angle a of the transparent and partially transparent sections on the parallax barrier screen (FIG. 2 ) correspond to the vertical. This achieves the best channel separation in 3D display.

As in various other 3D rendering methods as well the views A (k) respectively different perspectives of a scene or of an object. The views A (k) can each still pictures or moving picture sequences.

The parameters for the parallax barrier screen can be known with the aid of the two Kaplan article mentioned above Equations (1) and (2) are easily calculated. This results in all the necessary relations between the distance s between the grid of picture elements x (i, j) and the parallax barrier screen, the average human eye distance of 65 mm, the viewing distance, the (horizontal) period length of the transparent or partially transparent sections the barrier as well as the possible strip width of said transparent or partially transparent sections. The stripe width can also be increased or decreased compared to a value determined in this way.

As regards the period of the structure used on the parallax barrier screen, the following should also be noted:
The said horizontal and vertical period length of said two-dimensional periodic pattern (the arrangement of the views A (k) on the grid 1 ) should preferably match the respective horizontal and vertical period lengths of the transparent portions of the parallax barrier screen except for a correction factor y where 0.98 <y <1.02. As horizontal or vertical period length of the transparent sections, the average horizontal or vertical distance selbiger can be understood if necessary.

in principle but can be the semi-transparent and transparent sections also not strictly periodically arranged on the parallax barrier screen, for example, by varying the widths and / or the transmission degree.

• – auf einem Raster aus Bildelementen x(i, j) mit Zeilen i und Spalten j Bildteilinformationen verschiedener Ansichten A(k) mit k = 1, ..., n und n > 1 sichtbar gemacht werden, und
• – dem Raster aus Bildelementen x(i, j) im Abstand s mindestens ein Parallaxenbarriereschirm vor- oder nachgeordnet ist, welcher teiltransparente und transparente Abschnitte (und keine vollständig opaken Abschnitte) enthält, wobei die transparenten und die teiltransparenten Abschnitte im Wesentlichen durch Kanten geradlinig begrenzten Streifen entsprechen, welche von einem Rande des Parallaxenbarriereschirms ohne Unterbrechung zu einem gegenüberliegenden Rande verlaufen,
• – so dass ein oder mehrere Betrachter auf Grund der Sichtbeschränkungswirkung durch den mindestens einen Parallaxenbarriereschirm jeweils mit beiden Augen zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Bildelemente x(i, j) und/oder Teile davon sieht bzw. sehen, wodurch beide Augen jeweils zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Ansichten A(k) wahrnehmen und damit ein räumlicher Seheindruck entsteht.

For special embodiments, it may be useful if the method according to the invention is alternatively configured as follows, so that:

• On a grid of picture elements x (i, j) with rows i and columns j, visual part information of different views A (k) with k = 1, ..., n and n> 1 are made visible, and
• - the grid of picture elements x (i, j) at a distance s at least one parallax barrier screen is arranged upstream or downstream, which partially transparent and transparent sections (and not completely opaque sections) contains, wherein the transparent and the partially transparent sections delimited substantially straight by edges Corresponding to strips which run from one edge of the parallax barrier screen to an opposite edge without interruption,
• In such a way that one or more observers see or see at least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof with the two eyes due to the visual confining effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen, whereby both eyes at least partially represent different views A ( k) and thus create a spatial visual impression.

In this regard, some of the semi-transparent sections could be opaque Replace sections, for example if they have a low transmittance, but which is greater than 0, z. 1%, 2% or 3%.

• – ein Bildwiedergabegerät mit Bildelementen x(i, j) in einem Raster mit Zeilen i und Spalten j, auf welchen Bildteilinformationen verschiedener Ansichten A(k) mit k = 1, ..., n und n > 1 sichtbar gemacht werden können,
• – mindestens ein dem Raster mit Bildelementen x(i, j) im Abstand s vor- oder nachgeordneter Parallaxenbarriereschirm, welcher opake, teiltransparente und transparente Abschnitte enthält, wobei die transparenten und die teiltransparenten Abschnitte im Wesentlichen durch Kanten geradlinig begrenzten Streifen entsprechen, welche von einem Rande des Parallaxenbarriereschirms ohne Unterbrechung zu einem gegenüberliegenden Rande verlaufen,
• – so dass ein oder mehrere Betrachter auf Grund der Sichtbeschränkungswirkung durch den mindestens einen Parallaxenbarriereschirm jeweils mit beiden Augen zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Bildelemente x(i, j) und/oder Teile davon sieht bzw. sehen, wodurch beide Augen jeweils zumindest teilweise unterschiedliche Ansichten A(k) wahrnehmen und damit ein räumlicher Seheindruck entsteht.

The object of the invention is further solved by an arrangement for spatial representation, comprising

• A picture display device with picture elements x (i, j) in a grid with lines i and columns j, on which partial picture information of different views A (k) with k = 1,..., N and n> 1 can be made visible,
• At least one parallax barrier screen upstream or downstream of the grid with picture elements x (i, j) at a distance s and containing opaque, semitransparent and transparent sections, the transparent and partially transparent sections substantially corresponding to edges bounded by edges, which correspond to one another Edge of the parallax barrier screen without interruption to an opposite edge,
• In such a way that one or more observers see or see at least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof with the two eyes due to the visual confining effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen, whereby both eyes at least partially represent different views A ( k) and thus create a spatial visual impression.

The Assignment of the image part information of different views A (k) to the picture elements x (i, j) is preferably carried out in a two-dimensional periodic pattern, with the period length in the horizontal and the vertical direction preferably not more than 32 each Picture elements x (i, j). In special cases could also be the picture combination rule to the form adapted to the transparent sections.

Also Here, in the following, initially only one parallax barrier screen is used went out. The number of views n can be, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more. For example, if the number of views A (k) n = 5, then said horizontal Period length 5 pixels x (i, j) correspond.

Prefers, but not necessarily, is the vertical period length equal to the number n of views shown.

Furthermore, the picture elements x (i, j) in each case individual color subpixels (R, G or B) or clusters of color subpixels (eg RG, GB or RGBR or other) or full color pixels, where with full color pixels both white-mixing structures of RGB color subpixels, ie RGB triplets, as well Depending on the imaging technology - actual full-color pixels - as often used in projection screens, for example - are meant.

The partially transparent sections are preferred as neutral filters or Grayscale filter formed, in particular for substantially wavelength-independent Weakening the light intensity. Such neutral filter or grayscale filters may be under use, for example of so-called dithering method exclusively under Use of opaque and transparent sub-areas are produced. This means that the effect of a particular grayscale through the arrangement of only opaque defined by dithering Points or other patterns of small area is achieved without actually points or patterns of a certain gray level to use. The latter is especially of Advantage, if the grayscale or neutral filters by exposure methods, which only opaque or transparent points can made should be.

Advantageously, at least one transparent section adjoins a partially transparent section on the parallax barrier screen. Alternatively, it is possible for the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen to be periodic
Opaque
part Transparent
Transparent
part Transparent
Opaque
part Transparent
Transparent
part Transparent
etc. is.

Yet another advantageous order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen is periodic
Opaque
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
Opaque
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
Opaque etc.

Furthermore, it is possible that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen each periodically
Opaque
Transparent
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
partially transparent ... etc., or vice versa.

A further embodiment provides that the sequence of the sections on the parallax barrier screen in each case periodically
Opaque
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Transparent
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Opaque ... etc .. is.

Finally, it is possible for at least three different types of partially transparent sections to be provided on the parallax barrier screen in each case with respect to their degree of transparency. For example:
Opaque
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Partially transparent with a third transmittance
Transparent
Partially transparent with a third transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Opaque ... etc ..

in this connection the first transmittance could be 20%, the second 40%, the third 80%, or the first 25%, the second 49%, the third 74%. Many other meaningful embodiments are possible.

Alternatively, the aforementioned embodiment can also be varied:
Opaque
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Partially transparent with a third transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Transparent
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Partially transparent with a third transmittance
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Opaque ... etc ..

Derlei Variations serve to reduce optical overlays.

For certain applications, such as to avoid moiré effects, a transparent or semi-transparent section may be placed on the parallax barrier screen between each of two opaque sections with a statistical distribution orders be. This means that the choice of whether it is a transparent or semi-transparent section is random.

Advantageous Both transparent and semi-transparent sections are included Parallel projection of the parallax barrier screen onto the grid of picture elements x (i, j) with respect to the vertical direction of Rasters of pixels x (i, j) substantially by -90 ... + 90 (including 0) degrees inclined, the inclination of Zero degree, of course, is not a true tilt, but the vertical one Alignment corresponds.

Farther the transparent sections can average the have the same or a different width, as the partially transparent Sections. The variation of the width in turn allows both the Reduction of moiré effects as well as the influence of stereo contrast.

henceforth At least one semi-transparent portion on the parallax barrier screen may be stepped or continuous changes in transmittance exhibit. This expression also allows, for example To curb moiré effects.

usually imprisonment should be the angle which the said horizontal and vertical Period length of said two-dimensional periodic Pattern as a counter and Ankathete spans, essentially the average inclination angle a of the transparent and semi-transparent Sections on the parallax barrier screen to the vertical correspond. This will be the best channel separation in 3D rendering reached.

The Views A (k) can each have different perspectives correspond to a scene / object. In addition, you can the views A (k) be still pictures or moving picture sequences.

The Image display device may preferably have a color LCD screen, a plasma display, a projection screen, an LED-based screen, be an SED screen or a VFD screen.

Advantageous the parallax barrier screen consists of a glass substrate which applied to the back of the barrier structure is. The said barrier structure is for example an exposed one and developed photographic film, the back on the glass substrate is laminated, preferably the emulsion layer of the photographic film to the glass substrate. Alternatively you can the opaque areas of the barrier structure through to the glass substrate applied paint or pigments are formed (eg by imprint).

henceforth The parallax barrier screen advantageously contains means to reduce Störlichtreflexen, preferably at least an interference-optical anti-reflection coating. It can but also common Antiglare matting are used.

Of the Parallax barrier screen is durable by means of a spacer attached to the image display device, for example, glued or screwed on.

As regards the period of the structure used on the parallax barrier screen, the following should also be noted:
The said horizontal and vertical period length of said two-dimensional periodic pattern (the arrangement of the views A (k) on the grid 1 ) should preferably match the respective horizontal and vertical period lengths of the transparent portions of the parallax barrier screen except for a correction factor y where 0.98 <y <1.02. As horizontal or vertical period length of the transparent sections, the average horizontal or vertical distance selbiger can be understood if necessary.

The Invention will be described below with reference to embodiments be explained in more detail. The drawings show:

1 the schematic structure for implementing the method according to the invention,

2 to 6 such as 11 in each case the schematic structure of a parallax barrier screen for use in the method according to the invention,

7 an exemplary image combination of the image part information of different views,

8th Visual examples of a first observer eye on the basis of the conditions of 2 and 7 .

9 Visual examples of a second observer eye on the basis of the conditions of 2 and 7 , such as

10 a scheme for the formation of the spatial impression on the basis of the method according to the invention.

All Drawings are not to scale. this concerns in particular also angular dimensions.

So first, point 1 the schematic structure for implementing the method for spatial representation according to the invention. On the grid 1 From picture elements x (i, j) with lines i and columns j, picture part information of different views A (k) with k = 1,..., n and n> 1 are made visible. The grid 1 From pixels x (i, j) is at a distance s a parallax barrier screen 2 which includes opaque, semi-transparent and transparent portions, the transparent and semi-transparent portions substantially corresponding by edges rectilinear stripes extending from one edge of the parallax barrier screen to an opposite edge without interruption. Such a parallax barrier screen 2 is exemplary and as a cutout in 2 shown.

Due to the visual confinement effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen 2 see or see one or more viewers 3 each with two eyes at least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof, whereby both eyes each perceive at least partially different views A (k) and thus creates a spatial visual impression.

In the method according to the invention, the arrangement of the partial image information of different views A (k) on the grid of pixels x (i, j) advantageously takes place in a two-dimensional periodic pattern, as in FIG 7 indicated. Here, the number of views is n = 7. The vertical and also the horizontal period length of the aforementioned periodic pattern is equal to the number n = 7 of the views shown; this is indicated by the dashed line. Other numbers than n = 7 are of course possible.

Furthermore, the picture elements x (i, j) respectively correspond to individual color subpixels (R, G or B), in which case the raster can 1 be realized for example by a color LC display.

The partially transparent sections are designed as neutral filters, in particular for essentially wavelength-independent Weakening the light intensity.

In the example off 2 is the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen 2 each periodically
Opaque
part Transparent
Transparent
part Transparent
Opaque
part Transparent
Transparent
part Transparent
etc. is.

Yet another advantageous order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen 2 according to 3 is always periodic
Opaque
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
Opaque
part Transparent
Opaque
Transparent
Opaque etc.

Another embodiment provides that - as in 4 shown - the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen 2 each periodically
Opaque
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Transparent
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Opaque ... etc .. is.

Of the first transmittance could z. 33%, the second 66% be. As "transparent" would then, moreover a transmittance of close to 100% will be considered, certainly mostly not technically, but only approximate, is reached. In addition, the first transmittance could be 20%, the second 40%, the third 80%, or the first 25%, the second 49%, the third 74%. Many other meaningful designs are possible.

As in 5 at least one semitransparent section may be shown on the parallax barrier screen 2 gradual or continuous changes in the transmittance, especially in the longitudinal direction of the corresponding section have. This expression also makes it possible, for example, to dampen moiré effects.

In another example 6 is the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen 2 each periodically
Opaque
Transparent
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Semitransparent with a first transmittance
Opaque
Transparent
Partially transparent with a second transmittance
Partially transparent with a first transmittance and so on.

For the realization of the spatial impression is exemplified in a parallax barrier screen according to 2 in interaction with the image combination patterns of the views according to 7 directed.

Due to the visual restriction effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) sees or sees one or more observers ( 3 ) each with two eyes at least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof, whereby both eyes each perceive at least partially different views A (k) and thus creates a spatial visual impression. This is for two different eye positions 8th and 9 shown. In the circumstances after 8th For example, if the eye were to see primarily pixels x (i, j) or parts thereof, which show partial image information of view A (2), ie k = 2, and, moreover, with reduced brightness, pixels x (i, j) representing the Views A (1), A (3) and A (4) show, respectively, parts thereof. On the other hand, in the circumstances 9 The eye would accordingly see primarily picture elements x (i, j) or parts thereof, which show picture part information of the view A (3), ie k = 3, and furthermore with reduced brightness picture elements x (i, j) containing the Views A (2), A (4) and A (5) show, respectively, parts thereof.

The angle b (s. 7 ) which spans said horizontal and vertical period length of said two-dimensional periodic pattern as the counter and adjacent dent, substantially the average inclination angle α of the transparent and semi-transparent portions on the parallax barrier screen 2 opposite the vertical (s. 2 ). This achieves the best channel separation in 3D display.

In 10 is shown a further scheme for the formation of the spatial impression due to the method according to the invention, in cross section and greatly simplified. Again, it can be seen that the parallax barrier screen 2 in front of the grid 1 from picture elements x (i, j) is arranged at a distance s. The transparent or partially transparent sections of the parallax barrier screen 2 thus cause such a visual restriction effect that one or more observers each with both eyes 3a . 3b At least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof see or see, whereby both eyes each perceive at least partially different views A (k) and thus creates a spatial visual impression. This is indicated by the dashed and solid lines: A solid line means that on passing through of the picture elements x (i, j) indicated by the numbers 1 to 7 in the drawing, the numbers 1 to 7 represent the view k, from which the image part information which is reproduced on the corresponding picture element is radiated or transmitted light is substantially not weakened by a section. In contrast, the dashed lines mean that the corresponding light passes through a partially transparent section and is attenuated in its intensity.

It is here again according to the conditions 2 in interaction with the image combination patterns of the views 7 before, but as described above from a lateral cross-section.

The one eye 3b Correspondingly, we see picture elements x (i, j) or parts thereof which show picture part information of view A (2), ie k = 2, and furthermore, with reduced brightness, picture elements x (i, j) showing views A (FIG. 1) and A (3) show, or parts thereof. On the other hand, the eye sees 3b correspondingly primary picture elements x (i, j) or parts thereof, which show picture part information of the view A (3), ie k = 3, and furthermore with reduced brightness picture elements x (i, j), which display the views A (2 ) and A (4) show, or parts thereof. Additional views may be partially visible. This gives the viewer a spatial impression, assuming appropriate image content. In conventional methods without partially transparent sections, usually only the views k = 2 and k = 3 would be visible. In contrast, in the new method, the brightness is increased without the crosstalk of the individual per eye visible views would assume too large dimensions. In other words, the increase in brightness is possible without too much reduction of the stereo contrast.

As in various other 3D rendering methods as well the views A (k) respectively different perspectives of a scene or of an object. The views A (k) can each still pictures or moving picture sequences.

With lateral movement of the viewer eye pair 3a . 3b it ensures a smooth transition of views.

The transparent and partially transparent sections are advantageous in the case of parallel projection of the parallax barrier screen 2 on the grid 1 from pixels x (i, j) to the vertical direction of the raster 1 consisting of picture elements x (i, j) substantially inclined by -90 ... + 90 (including 0) degrees (see 2 to 6 Of course, the inclination of zero degrees is not a true inclination, but corresponds to the vertical orientation. However, this should be explicitly understood as being within the scope of the invention, as in 11 shown.

The transparent sections may be the same or different on average Have broad, as the semi-transparent sections. Embodiments will be advantageous in which the sum of the partially transparent sections is greater than that of the transparent sections in order to achieve the best possible stereo channel separation, ie reduced mixing of different views per eye.

The parameters for the parallax barrier screen 2 can be easily calculated with the aid of the two equations (1) and (2) known from the aforementioned Kaplan article. This results in all the necessary relations between the distance s between the grid of picture elements x (i, j) and the parallax barrier screen, the average human eye distance of 65 mm, the viewing distance, the (horizontal) period length of the transparent or partially transparent sections the barrier as well as the possible strip width of said transparent or partially transparent sections.

To the period of the parallax barrier screen 2 In each case, the structure used should also note the following: the said horizontal and vertical period length of the said two-dimensional periodic pattern (the arrangement of the views A (k) on the screen 1 ) should preferably have a correction factor y, where 0.98 <y <1.02, with the respective horizontal and vertical period lengths of the transparent portions of the parallax barrier screen 2 to match. As horizontal or vertical period length of the transparent sections, the average horizontal or vertical distance selbiger can be understood if necessary.

The above explanations of the method according to the invention in conjunction with the drawings 1 to 11 apply mutatis mutandis to the inventive arrangements, wherein the grid 1 by a picture display device, such as a color LCD display, is configured.

A appropriate control unit, such as a PC with software, for the image display device is of course available and in the drawings for reasons of triviality not inserted.

The Advantages of the invention are versatile. In particular, allow that inventive method and the corresponding Arrangements an autostereoscopic display based on the barrier technology, while for multiple viewers an improved Perceptibility, in particular due to reduced moiré effects is achieved, what was desired. Under improved perceptibility is in particular, but not alone, an improved brightness at the same time the highest possible stereo channel separation understand.

The Invention can be done with relatively simple Means be realized.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - GB 190418672 A [0002]
• - JP 8-331605 AA [0003]
• US 5808599 A [0004]
• - US 5936607 A [0004]
• WO 00/10332 A1 [0004]
• EP 791847 A1 [0005]
• - US 6157424 A [0007]
• WO 02/35277 A1 [0007]
• - DE 10003326 C2 [0008]
• WO 2005/027534 A2 [0009]
• - DE 10145133 C1 [0016]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Sam H. Kaplan "Theory of parallax barriers", Journal of SMPTE Vol. 59, No. 7, pp. 11-21, July 1952 [0002]

Claims (45)

Method for spatial representation in which - on a grid ( 1 ) from picture elements x (i, j) with lines (i) and columns (j) image part information of different views A (k) with k = 1, ..., n and n> 1 are made visible, and 1 ) from picture elements x (i, j) at a distance s at least one parallax barrier screen ( 2 ), which contains opaque, semi-transparent and transparent sections, the transparent and semi-transparent sections substantially corresponding to edges bounded by edges, which run uninterrupted from one edge of the parallax barrier screen to an opposite edge, so that or multiple viewers ( 3 ) due to the visual restriction effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each with two eyes at least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof see or see, whereby both eyes each at least partially different views A (k) perceive and thus creates a spatial visual impression. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement of the image part information of different views A (k) on the grid ( 1 ) is made of picture elements x (i, j) in a two-dimensional periodic pattern, wherein the period length in the horizontal and vertical directions preferably comprises no more than each 32 picture elements x (i, j). Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the vertical period length is equal to the number of views n is shown. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the picture elements x (i, j) are color subpixels (R, G or B) or clusters of color subpixels (eg RG or GB) or full color pixels. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the partially transparent sections as Neutral filter or grayscale filter are formed. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that that the neutral filter or grayscale filter using so-called Dithering process exclusively using opaque and transparent partial surfaces are formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) at least one transparent portion adjacent to a partially transparent portion. Method according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each periodically opaque - partially transparent - transparent - partially transparent - opaque - partially transparent - transparent - partially transparent ... etc. Method according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) is periodically opaque - partially transparent - opaque - transparent - opaque - partially transparent - opaque - transparent - opaque ... etc. Method according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each periodically opaque - transparent - partially transparent - opaque - transparent - partially transparent - opaque - transparent - partially transparent ... etc. Method according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each periodically opaque - partially transparent with a first transmittance - partially transparent with a second transmittance - transparent - partially transparent with a second transmittance - partially transparent with a first transmittance - opaque -... etc .. is. Method according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) are each provided at least three regarding their degree of transparency different types of partially transparent sections. Method according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) is arranged in each case between two opaque sections with a statistical distribution, a transparent or a partially transparent portion. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transparent and the partially transparent sections in parallel projection of the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) on the grid ( 1 ) of picture elements x (i, j) with respect to the vertical direction of the grid ( 1 ) are tilted substantially by -90 ... + 90 (including 0) degrees from pixels x (i, j). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transparent sections on average have the same or a different width, like the semi-transparent sections. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one partially transparent section on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) has gradual or continuous changes in transmittance. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the views A (k) still images or Correspond to moving picture sequences. A method according to any one of claims 2-17, characterized in that the angle subtending said horizontal and vertical period length of said two-dimensional periodic pattern as counter and adjacent dents is substantially equal to the average inclination angle α of the transparent and semi-transparent portions on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) corresponds to the vertical. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the views A (k) respectively different Perspectives of a scene / object correspond. Arrangement for spatial representation, comprising - a picture display device with picture elements x (i, j) in a grid ( 1 ) with rows (i) and columns (j) on which partial image information of different views A (k) with k = 1, ..., n and n> 1 can be made visible, - at least one of the grid ( 1 ) with pixels x (i, j) at a distance s upstream or downstream parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) comprising opaque, partially transparent and transparent portions, the transparent and partially transparent portions substantially corresponding to edges bounded by edges, which extend from one edge of the parallax barrier screen to an opposite edge without interruption, so that one or more observers ( 3 ) due to the visual restriction effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each with two eyes at least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof see or see, whereby both eyes each at least partially different views A (k) perceive and thus creates a spatial visual impression. Arrangement according to claim 20, characterized in that the arrangement of the image part information of different views A (k) on the grid ( 1 ) is made of picture elements x (i, j) in a two-dimensional periodic pattern, wherein the period length in the horizontal and vertical directions preferably comprises no more than each 32 picture elements x (i, j). Arrangement according to claim 21, characterized that the vertical period length is equal to the number of views n is shown. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-22, characterized in that the picture elements x (i, j) are color subpixels (R, G or B) or clusters of color subpixels (eg RG or GB) or full color pixels. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-23, characterized in that the partially transparent sections as Neutral filter or grayscale filter are formed. Arrangement according to claim 24, characterized that the neutral filter or grayscale filter using so-called Dithering process exclusively using opaque and transparent partial surfaces are formed. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-25 characterized in that at least one transparent section adjacent to a partially transparent section. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-25, characterized in that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each periodically opaque - partially transparent - transparent - partially transparent - opaque - partially transparent - transparent - partially transparent ... etc. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-25, characterized in that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) is periodically opaque - partially transparent - opaque - transparent - opaque - partially transparent - opaque - transparent - opaque ... etc. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-25, characterized in that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each periodically opaque - transparent - partially transparent - opaque - transparent - partially transparent - opaque - transparent - partially transparent ... etc. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-25, characterized in that the order of the sections on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each periodically opaque - partially transparent with a first transmittance - partially transparent with a second transmittance - transparent - partially transparent with a second transmittance - partially transparent with a first transmittance - opaque -... etc .. is. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-25, characterized in that on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) at least three bz their degree of transparency different types of partially transparent sections are provided. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-25, characterized in that on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) is arranged in each case between two opaque sections with a statistical distribution, a transparent or a partially transparent portion. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-32, characterized in that the transparent and the partially transparent sections in parallel projection of the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) are inclined to the raster of pixels x (i, j) with respect to the vertical direction of the raster of pixels x (i, j) substantially by -90 ... + 90 (including 0) degrees. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-33, characterized in that the transparent sections on average have the same or a different width, like the semi-transparent sections. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-34, characterized in that at least one partially transparent section on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) has gradual or continuous changes in transmittance. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-35 characterized in that the views A (k) still images or Correspond to moving picture sequences. Arrangement according to one of claims 21-36, characterized in that the angle which spans said horizontal and vertical period length of said two-dimensional periodic pattern as counter and adjacent dents, substantially the average inclination angle a of the transparent and semi-transparent portions on the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) corresponds to the vertical. Arrangement according to one of the 20-37, characterized that views A (k) each have different perspectives Scene / of an object correspond. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-38 characterized in that the image display device a Color LCD screen, a plasma display, a projection screen, an LED-based screen, an SED screen, or a VFD screen is. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-39, characterized in that the number of views A (k) is the same 5 and the said horizontal period length is 5 pixels x (i, j) corresponds. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-40, characterized in that the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) consists of a glass substrate, on which the barrier structure is applied to the back. Arrangement according to claim 41, characterized that the barrier structure is an exposed and developed photographic Film is laminated on the back of the glass substrate wherein, preferably, the emulsion layer of the photographic film pointing to the glass substrate. Arrangement according to claim 41, characterized that the opaque areas of the barrier structure pass through to the glass substrate applied color or pigments are formed. Arrangement according to one of claims 20-43, characterized in that the parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) Means for reducing Störlichtreflexen, preferably at least one interference-optical anti-reflection coating contains. Method for spatial representation in which - on a grid ( 1 ) from picture elements x (i, j) with lines (i) and columns (j) image part information of different views A (k) with k = 1, ..., n and n> 1 are made visible, and 1 ) from picture elements x (i, j) at a distance s at least one parallax barrier screen ( 2 ), which contains partially transparent and transparent sections but not completely opaque sections, the transparent and partially transparent sections substantially corresponding to edges bounded by edges, which run uninterruptedly from one edge of the parallax barrier screen to an opposite edge, - so that one or more observers ( 3 ) due to the visual restriction effect by the at least one parallax barrier screen ( 2 ) each with two eyes at least partially different picture elements x (i, j) and / or parts thereof see or see, whereby both eyes each at least partially different views A (k) perceive and thus creates a spatial visual impression.