DE102008056927A1 - Power and/or data transmission method for use between e.g. transmitting station and passive relay station for wireless monitoring of device, involves resonator arrangement in proximity to receiving and transmitting stations - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves obtaining power for partial power supply to a receiving station and/or obtaining carrier signal without up-modulated data. A resonator pair arrangement or resonator arrangement is provided between a transmitting station and the receiving station. The resonator arrangement is provided in proximity to the receiving station and/or to a coupling device in a directly conditional manner. The resonator arrangement is provided in proximity to the transmitting station and/or to the coupling device in a directly conditional manner. An independent claim is also included for an arrangement comprising a transmitting station.

Description

It will be the priority of DE 10 2007 055 176.4 claimed.

The The invention in one aspect relates to methods and arrangements for wireless energy transfer. Under another Aspect, the invention relates to applications for wireless Data transmission and data acquisition, to control and for wireless monitoring of devices.

In In this context, the invention relates to a sub-aspect to general radio frequency applications, both in reception and reception also with transmission techniques.

The The task to be solved was to specify methods with which it is possible, wireless and possibly with (not exclusively) passive transponder concepts, sensory and aktuatorische states and with switching and / or analog functions connected functions, over distances up to several meters, also in problematic environment (metal, water) and also between various stations to record, evaluate and convey.

Solved This task was primarily solved by a method for inductive Energy and data transmission when using a Resonator concept both on the transmitter side (eg a reading station) as well as on the receiver side (eg a transponder) by means of largely freely configurable resonators, different and in a sense independent of each other Can activate working frequencies.

In order to can u. a. the energy transfer will be improved, data can operate on parallel carrier frequency ranges sent and on several transmission paths and channels mediated.

In order to can u. a. the data transfer even in the problematic Environment z. T. only ever possible, on each Case but to be improved.

In order to can be used, for example, in more complex systems by means of the later so called "overlay transponders" passive Realize information relay, the z. B information between various stations can pass on.

To become energy-saving, tuned to defined resonance frequencies Resonators, preferably from LC resonant circuits, used, the z. B. as multiply plugged components or multiple glued together Slides are provided. This results in variably configurable transmission and receiving arrangements that are easy to produce and easy to use are.

The most important advantageous embodiments are below - too in the subclaims - executed.

There applications to both energy transfer, as well as to a data transmission, are used in the Following the terms transmitter side or transmitter side and primary side, as well as on the receiving side or on the receiver side and on the secondary side synonymous used, even if in the context of the Use of the terms often more like an energy transfer (primary side, secondary side) with a transformer or transformer or to a data transmission (transmitting side, receiving side) by systems with an antenna thought becomes. However, this does not lead to problems of understanding in the respective context.

On The prior art is common to all constructions Antenna arrangements with respect to the working frequency adjusted directly and as accurately as possible "to resonance" are both on the transmitter side, as well as on the receiver side.

such Antenna arrangements can be z. B. more inductive - i. a. So (but not exclusively) an antenna coil - to Transmission or detection of the magnetic component of a be designed to be transmitted electromagnetic field wherein the resonance setting in such an inductive Antenna is made by a suitable capacity, the one can have fixed value or, for. For voting purposes, is kept variable (eg a capacitance diode).

Up to a defined (but generally relatively small) distance can be achieved with such inductive anten nenanordnungen in addition to the signal transmission and sufficient energy for the supply of passive transponders are ensured.

Also rather capacitive antenna arrangements, which by means of a additional inductive component to the respective resonance to be voted are known. These are but i. a. not for transmission of sufficient energy to passive transponder for supply vorgesehent.

Antenna resonant circuits become in the state of the art mostly either as a parallel resonance or designed as a series resonance and are based on the respective working frequency Voted.

A Transmission arrangement must i. a. always designed as an active station be, as these anyway with a corresponding source of energy (For example, a battery) must be equipped, because to generate the Fields needed energy will necessarily be applied got to.

receiver arrangements can also be designed actively, so with be equipped with its own energy supply; you can but also represent passive constructions, d. H. without that they have their own energy supply.

passive Arrangements are z. B. of the RFID systems (RFID transponder, RFID tags) ago known. The transponders known in this context are accordingly divided into "active", "passive" or "semi - passive", depending on whether the function of the Transponders or for the generation and transmission of responses required energy from an existing transponder Battery (ie active), or whether no own battery present in the transponder.

passive RFID tags (transponders), which from the received RF read signal the Energy for the operation, as well as for an answer can draw are known. However, those are in applications with passive transponders achievable with reasonable effort functional distances, depending on the respectively used (and legally only limited upward interpretable) transmission energy of the Reader, relatively small.

Between such passive and active constructions There is a wide range of different arrangements, each one with its own advantages and disadvantages. For example Semipassive arrangements are offered that while maintaining a battery to have the information in a memory but the energy for the "normal functions" (reading, answers) from the electromagnetic Refer to reading field.

Independently from the actual structure but applies here too, that all Such constructions, both on the transmitter side and also on the receiver side, have antenna arrangements, which are in principle in resonance with the working frequency or can be tuned to this.

Since it is generally relatively difficult to tune the two antenna circuits on both sides to the same operating frequency without additional control measures (already the unavoidable component and manufacturing tolerances result in a clear reduction of dispersion), constructions are necessary and known which are either transmitter-side resp. Provide automatic adjustment or frequency tracking on the primary side, but also on the secondary side (eg DE 38 10 702 . DE 10 2005 045 360 or DE 601 02 613 ). The cost of such measures can be considerable and costly, resonators of the type proposed according to the invention usually have only two functional components, namely an inductor and a capacitor. These two interconnected components generally have no further direct contact with other parts of a circuit and can with a manufacturing tolerance of z. B. 1% (or better) are made easily on the state of the art.

These special property that they are in a sense only there to to swing and accumulate energy in these vibrations, without while having a direct contact with the rest of the circuit, borders their function from a "normal resonant circuit" are therefore here to distinguish it from other resonant circuits referred to as "resonators", though they are natural in itself also one (even a "pure") resonant circuit represent.

1 In the prior art, a coupling between transmitter and receiver or between the primary side and the secondary side is an example of an assumed inductive transmission (very simplified):
A small, depending on the structure and the distance of the coil part of one of the transmitting coil ( 1 ) generated field ( 2 ) reaches and flows through the receiver coil ( 4 ) ( 1a and 1b ). A significant amount of energy is not transmitted over the field between the coils at greater distances so here anyway only distances of a few millimeters to a few meters are assumed, ie distances at which the receiving coil - even at high frequencies - still in Near field of the antenna arrangement of the transmitter or the primary coil is located.

The state of the art is in 1b further shown, as the transmitter side, a series resonance, formed from a transmitting coil ( 1' ) and a first capacity ( 6 ), and at the receiving end a parallel resonance, formed from a receiving coil ( 4 ' ) and a second capacity ( 7 ), be used to form a resonant transmission.

Of the Reason for the need for a resonant expression on the primary side is that given a voltage supply i. a. only so sufficient energy coupling can be achieved can and on the secondary side can only do so much Energy from the reception field strength present at the location of the receiving coil to be collected.

First the use of resonant structures thus makes it possible to do enough Energy at the location of the transmitter off or at the place of the receiver to inject energy and data over a significant Transfer distance.

Some Although the constructions found in the literature show in this respect Modifications of pure parallel or serially designed antenna circuits. These serve but z. For example, an adaptation of the impedances between the particular electronic circuit to be used and the antenna impedance to reach. But the primary goal is also the resonance frequency the respective antenna side to the respective operating frequency.

Also Constructions that are multichannel, ie z. B. to at least two different frequencies (channels) work, the show general property specific to the respective working frequencies) matched antenna designs; sometimes with lesser, sometimes with greater bandwidth, and / or even with use of directional couplers. But each working frequency will be one Antenna circuit designed for resonance.

A slightly different modification arises with the technique of the Hetrodynempfänger in which after mixing the received signal with the Signal from a (tunable) local oscillator, not the antenna circuit to the carrier frequency, but an intermediate frequency circuit to a defined intermediate frequency, this again high-quality frequency-selective, is interpreted.

The (Down) mixing a received signal on one (often technically better controllable) Intermediate frequency range can, how shown below, also in the case of the invention proposed here Advantageously used in some receiving constructions become. These techniques are from the transmission and reception technology known and have proven themselves well for a long time.

at The passive transponder constructions will become part of the Receiving circuit accumulating energy to power the transponder used. Therefore, in the prior art, a direct Coupling of the resonant circuit with the respective supply electronics necessary. This goes beyond the goal of a (just for reception) optimal antenna matching. The energy transfer can be designed frequency-unspecific in wide ranges, but requires i. a. Compromises regarding the required and the allowed reading field strength and the respective reception characteristics. This essentially defines the possible function distance.

in the Be proposed according to the invention, Deviating from the constructions of the prior art Inductive energy and signal transmission, secondary side and also on the primary side, for coupling or uncoupling coil arrangements (hereinafter referred to as "coupling coils" used), not on resonance or for a specific working frequency or a specific frequency band must be tuned. The coupling circuits are normally in terms of their frequency response even as broadband and as frequency-unspecific as ever possible designed.

To establish a working frequency inductively (and possibly capacitively coupled) resonators are introduced into the transmission path, the z. B. may be at some distance from the coupling coils and no further electrical connections to any part of the otherwise existing circuits exhibit. Essentially only these resonators, not the primary-side or secondary-side coupling coils, thus operate on the respective resonance or operating frequency (s) and thereby determine the frequency behavior of the entire arrangement.

Just in special cases can also in the invention Method resonant coupling circuits find use. It should therefore be explicitly pointed out and also shown that also using the inventive Method resonant input and output circuits can be useful.

In belongs to a certain sense (application-specific varying) such a resonator neither to the primary circuit, although he is located near this, nor to the secondary circuit, even if it is located near it. Under a In another aspect, such resonances belong to both primary-side circle, even if secondary side are arranged, or to the secondary-side circle, too if they are arranged on the primary side.

In another sense makes such a realization realized LC resonator a parallel resonant circuit (with the consequent Possibility of current overshoot) is. In another aspect, such is realized LC resonator a series resonant circuit (with the consequent possibility a voltage increase). Because no other, Energy depriving tap on the Resonantorstruktur takes place are both aspects are inseparable and equivalent and see at the same time.

There the coupling and decoupling circuits on any tuned resonance point can - with unchanged broadband Coupling coils - multiple resonators in the transmission path used, or z. B. added or removed, which also designed for different frequency could be. This is possible if and because a coupling or decoupling broadband through the respective, itself not in resonance coils are made and therefore also Signals with a wider spectrum (eg square wave signals) or decouple. The built by the transmission coil Field therefore has a time-shaped course, which then this Rectangular excitation corresponds and therefore more than just one frequency component consists.

The (possibly only to be activated) resonators the specific, singular frequency reference ago by from the possible non-sinusoidal field course the remove part belonging to this frequency and so on activate for transmission.

A simple arrangement with a coupling coil for coupling in a signal, a coupling coil for decoupling the transmitted signal and only one or two resonator (s) shows 2 each having a primary-side coupling coil ( 20 ) and a secondary-side coupling ( 21 ). These designations are in the arrangements of 2a -C equal.

The in this 2a C shown U cores, z. As ferrites are irrelevant for the displayed. You are here only a defined course of the magnetic circuit, z. B. justify for energy transfer and delineate possible positions for the resonators. 2a represents a comparison without a resonator for comparison, 2 B C indicate the resonator construct. As you can see, resonators can be used on the primary side (transmitter side, 2c , ( 28 )) and / or secondary side (receiver side, 2 B , ( 27 )).

2d defines the circuit symbol preferably used in this context.

The use of several such resonators, designed for the same or different frequencies, is also possible: the resonators of the 2e , one each transmitter side and one arranged on the primary side, can support the same or different frequencies. If identical resonant frequencies are used in each case on one resonator on the two sides, then these form a functional unit, so to speak. Therefore, in this case, the term "resonator pairs" is used. 2e ) The circuit of 2e composes the elements of the representations used in the following:
A primary-side / transmitter-side coupling coil ( 13 ) is either from a signal generator ( 11 ) or, but more generally, but more generally, by a signal generation unit or by a transmitter circuit ( 12 ). A transmitter-side resonator ( 15 ) consists in general only of an inductance or a coil ( 14 ) and a capacitor or a capacitor ( 16 ). A transmitter-side resonator is located near the transmitter, but not necessarily directly at the transmitter or directly at the coupling coil.

The transmission link ( 9 ) can be assumed as arbitrary; both core-guided routes, Magnetic conductors or air gaps (also vacuum) are possible.

The energy of the field formed on the primary side impinges on the receiver-side resonator ( 19 ), which is relatively close, but not necessarily directly at the receiving side coupling coil ( 18 ) lies. The structure may correspond to the transmitter-side resonator, but may also be constructed completely different. The by means of coupling coil ( 18 ) decoupled energy feeds the receiving circuit ( 17 ). The receiving side coupling coil ( 18 ) is again designed not frequency limiting or frequency specific.

The two resonators ( 15 ) and ( 19 ) form - with the same frequency tuning - a resonator pair. Several resonators or resonator pairs can be used in the applications at the same time. To simplify the illustrations, however, a resonator pair can also be represented by only one resonator (cf., for example, illustration for FIG 3 ) n resonators allow transmission side - with z. As a non-resonant coupling coil and a suitable electronic transmission circuits - the send or transmit n different discrete frequencies.

n Resonators allow reception - with z. B. not one resonantly operated coupling coil and a suitable electronic Receive circuit - receiving or using n different, discrete frequencies.

The Frequency transmission takes place simultaneously, d. h., the n different frequencies will be simultaneously and transmitted in a sense, independently.

There the transmission electronics of course the signal or frequency components, which also need to generate for transfer, are to make certain demands on this transmission electronics, but there are also various ways to generate very given different signal properties. these can only individual frequency components, but also all frequency components concern simultaneously, z. B. when the transmission circuit signal modifications at the coupling signal, z. B. an amplitude change or make a phase or frequency change should. Each of the individual signal components coming to the transmission as part of the overall signal would be one of the modification have the signal originating change.

The However, this does not apply without restriction: with frequency modulation on the sender side would be z. B. other, additional Effects to be considered, but also used meaningfully can be as shown below.

The Simultaneity of the effect on several components also applies on the receiving side, if the receiving circuit z. B. a signal modification should make on the received signal. Is here z. B. a frequenzunspezifische Load modulation (used for a backscatter method), then arise at each of the existing carrier frequencies in a known manner symmetrically to the carrier frequency lying Sidebands. This z. B. to return information circumstance used by a transponder to the reading station can at the transmission of n different frequencies for each of the transmitted frequencies are used simultaneously if the load modulation at a common, not frequency specific designed outcoupling point takes place.

modified the arrangement so that a Auskoppelkreis (possibly one of several) even only at the frequency of the resonance point of one of the resonators decoupled, then the effect z. B. the load coupling but also limited to a single frequency only. In the same Sense, the decoupling (possibly one of several) only on certain Frequencies are restricted. As you can see, can instead of the broadband designed general coupling circuits Also resonant coupling and decoupling circuits in arrangements, the Use this method according to the invention makes sense be used.

The thus defined multiple transmission of signals with different frequencies allows, for example, the transmission of signals which are not sinusoidal:
A transmission of arbitrary, periodic signals, z. B. square wave signals, is possible if the frequency components of such a square wave signal are transmitted separately. This is achieved by switching the (rectangular) signal to be transmitted to a broadband, non-resonant coupling coil. The field generated in this way has the spectrum of such a (rectangular) signal, ie it contains the frequency components f ₀ , f ₁ , f ₂ , etc., which are generated by individual, separately operating resonators - which point to these frequency locations f ₀ , f ₁ , f ₂ , etc. must be coordinated - be introduced into the transmission path. These resonators provide on the transmitter side for a suitable strong (resonant) transmission of the signal pre frequency components. On the reception side, they provide for a resonant energy accumulation of the frequency components belonging to the signal course, which are thus activated for the again non-resonant decoupling.

3 this represents an example of a rectangular signal to be transmitted: On the left side is the respective rectangular signal to be transmitted, z. B. ( 77 ), with the corresponding spectrum, z. B. ( 76 ). For clarity, the presentation is limited to three frequency support points and to each frequency is in the 3a ( 96 ) no resonator pair, but only only a single resonator shown.

In the uppermost representation ( 3a ) it is shown that only the first component of the spectrum of the rectangular function, ie the fundamental frequency f ₀ , is transmitted because of the coupled-in signal ( 78 ) the resonator (a matched pair of resonators) ( 80 ) only mediates the transmission of this one frequency component. At the output of the transmission link ( 79 ), on the load resistor R _L , there is therefore this one frequency component ( 83 ), attenuated by the transmission, but generally according to their contribution to the total energy of a square wave signal. On the right is this part of the spectrum, z. B. ( 83 ), and the corresponding time function, z. B. ( 84 )

In the middle arrangement ( 3b ) mediates a second resonator (pair) ( 81 ) the second frequency component ( 83 ) and in the lower arrangement ( 3c ) the resonator (pair) ( 82 ) only the third component; each shown with the zugegörigen time signal, z. B. ( 84 ).

3d presents the summary ( 97 ) of these three resonators ( 85 ) in a common arrangement, which can now simultaneously transmit the three frequency components that make up a rectangular function in the first, second and third diets. (Not shown is a to the receiving side rectangular simulation, especially at very high frequencies, necessary phase correction of the frequency components).

4 shows again the (preferred in the following) representation with resonator pairs and again shows the arrangement of the 3d , including the now preferred presentation, which is closer to a concrete interpretation: A broadband transmission signal coupling ( 91 ) lies with n, here 3, resonators ( 93 ) 94 ) and ( 95 ) and puts the transmitter side ( 88 ), here 3, resonators ( 93 ' ) 94 ' ) and ( 95 ' ) characterize the reception conditions for n, here 3, frequencies on the receiving side. This, together with an application-oriented receiver electronics ( 92 ), the receiving side ( 89 ) in front. In each case a resonator on the transmitter side and a resonator on the receiver side, both designed in each case for the same resonant frequency, together form a resonator pair. In this example, the pairs ( 93 ) and ( 93 ' ) 94 ) and ( 94 ' ) and ( 95 ) and ( 95 ' ) be.

In essence, the following definitions apply to the following (unless explicitly stated otherwise):
Under receiving circuit is here any electronic unit to use a decoupled signal, seen from the non-resonant or resonant decoupling of the arrangement understood; this includes the transfer of energy via electromagnetic fields.

When Receiving station is the combination of a receiving circuit and an array of resonators.

When Transmission circuit is here every electronic unit for generation considered an electrical signal to the decoupling point, if this signal of a decoupling stage (antenna, antenna coil, etc.) is supplied.

Under Transmitting station is a transmission circuit or a generator circuit understood, including all measures for the delivery and Radiation of an electromagnetic field, including the use of Resonators. This includes strong fields for energy transfer one.

The Resonant frequency locations of the resonators or resonator pairs used in this way do not necessarily have integer frequency differences as in the example of a rectangular transmission. These Resonant frequency points can be (almost) arbitrarily close to each other or far from each other, the frequency intervals can (almost) can be chosen arbitrarily. Condition is just that the inductive coupling circuit is capable of the primary Waveform into a signal-proportional, electromagnetic field implement, which then also contains these frequency components.

There each system ultimately only a limited Frequency range, it may make sense to the coupling of signals into the signal path also on the transmitter side can be interpreted several times: B. with a first broadband designed coupling unit signals with a frequency range of 5 MHz to 50 MHz and with a second coupling unit 430-450 MHz, then you can with two signal generating circuits use both these frequency ranges in this transmitting station. To try, the two frequency ranges in an arrangement with only one broadband designed to serve designed Einfkppelungs- frequency range, would be very tedious, i. a. even not possible. It is therefore recommended in such a case, even if in one unit rather the summary consideration is preferable, with two different ones Coupling circuits to work.

In such a multiple resonance frequency arrangement can z. B. relatively densely adjacent frequencies are transmitted, z. B. resonator frequency points located in the middle, at the top or lower edge of a radio channel (eg of only 25 kHz width) are located.

moreover the resonators can be designed switchable and / or one, dependent on a switch position, activation or inactivation.

5 and 6 various possibilities exemplify:
5a represents the "normal" connection between a send page ( 100 ) and a receiving side ( 101 ): The transmission electronics ( 102 ) feeds the coupling coil ( 104 ) z. B. with a signal of a defined strength and frequency and thus builds up an electromagnetic field, which would not be sufficient, at the place of the receiver ( 101 ) or at the location of the coupling coil ( 107 ) one for the receiving circuit ( 103 ) to generate sufficient signal field strength.

Only the transmitter-side resonator ( 105 ) generates such a strong field that a receiver (possibly also classical - ie without resonator, but tuned to resonance - working) receiver might have a possibility at some distance to receive the signal generated on the transmitter side.

The recipient of the 5a ( 103 ) with non-resonant coupling arrangement ( 107 ) should in this example, however, have no possibility, only enough energy for a reception from the transmitter side ( 100 ) to collect generated signal. First the resonator ( 106 ) "Gathers" on this side enough energy and ensures there sufficient field strength.

So missing one of the two resonators ( 105 ) or ( 106 ) of such a resonator pair or is one of them, for whatever reason, not active, then - depending on the distance and the generated field strength - a data transfer between the position of the transmitter and the position of the receiver is not possible.

This feature makes it possible to design a connection "switchable": If the resonators are designed to be switched on and off, then a connection can be made switchable or switchably interrupted 5b - 5d exemplify some ways to activate and deactivate resonators through switching functions:

5b shows the possibility of using a resonator ( 109 ) by a short-circuit switch ( 110 ): Here a switch function closes ( 110 ) the receiver-side resonator ( 109 ) (Switch in closed state) simply short. Only in the open state of the switch is the resonator ( 109 ) and the receiving circuit ( 108 ) can receive and evaluate a signal on the frequency supported by the resonator pair.

Around However, to avoid unnecessary energy losses is you can use such a short-circuit construction only where, where Shorted coil no larger currents in this coil will flow (so only at some distance to the transmitting side).

5c shows another possibility, a resonator ( 112 ) by means of switching function ( 113 ) (without energy losses) to activate or deactivate: When the switch is closed ( 113 ) is the resonator ( 112 ) is activated, it is without effect when the switch is open, since no current can flow in the resonator circuit. Is the switch ( 113 ), then the receiving circuit ( 111 ) receive and evaluate a signal.

However, since the line connections to the switch always an additional part of inductance in will introduce the circle and also parasitic capacitances will be present through the wiring, this arrangement is not preferable in all cases.

The two possibilities of 5b and 5c are with respect to the switch positions ( 110 ) and ( 113 ) Complementary, which can be used to advantage z. B. with simple switch functions to achieve a "resonator change".

5d represents that the switch use both send and receive side is possible. The transmitter-side activation of the resonator ( 115 ) takes place when the switch is closed ( 116 ); only then can the transmitter side receive enough energy from the signal from ( 114 ) and send out. Only if both switches ( 116 ) and ( 117 ) are closed, there is a connection between the transmitting side and the receiving side. It should be noted that, in this sense, logical combinations of functions with the resonator construct are also provided. This also results in a variety of applications.

The 6 represents in this context further effected by switch resonator or frequency change and other logical combinations: Are the resonant frequencies of two resonators, z. From ( 120 ) and ( 121 ), close to each other, then a simple on / off switching function ( 123 ) to change ( 6a ) of the respective active resonator and thus the operating frequency, since in the closed state of the switch of a resonator ( 121 ) is inactivated by short circuit, the other one ( 120 ), because not short-circuited, is activated.

In the open state is only the other resonator ( 121 ) active, the second resonator ( 120 ) in the illustrated switch position itself inactive. However, in this case, the active resonator ( 121 ) for the inactive resonator ( 120 ) one, the open switch ( 123 ) bridging connection, which - may be quite low impedance - especially at a large distance to their own resonance point.

Therefore, this arrangement of the 6a used only for very small frequency differences or for other considerations (frequency change, antenna matching, load modulation, modulation, etc.). Namely, with this type of switching, a frequency, phase and / or amplitude-based reflection of information to the transmitting station can take place, as is known from the backscatter method (where this is generally used only for amplitude modulations).

Preferably, a simple switching of resonators, z. B. ( 125 ) and ( 126 ), by a switching function ( 124 ), as in 6b or 6c is shown. Here is always clearly a resonator active, here ( 126 ), the second, here ( 125 ), is clearly inactive. When a switch is changed, the resonators exchange their roles. However, this circuit is not optimal in all cases for the reasons already mentioned the required wiring.

The 6c to 6e show further switching options with which resonators can be activated, inactivated or switched, in each case only the affected by the switching resonators are shown.

In 6c is shown as with a switch ( 127 ) one of two resonators can alternately be inactivated alternately by short circuiting. However, here represents the coil of each inactivated resonator for each activated resonator is an inductive load circuit, so that due to the fairly narrow coupling a possibly strong or strong-acting leakage inductance is included in the considerations.

6d shows the activation or inactivation of two resonators by a switching circuit with two switches. The alternately activation or inactivation and the replacement of the two resonators is effected by a changeover circuit. This is useful, for example, when two switches must always be set to the same position in order to activate a frequency (eg for safety). If the switches are in an unequal position, then both resonators are inactive.

6e shows the activation and inactivation of a resonator by means of a changeover circuit. Each of the two switches can turn the resonator on and off. Each switch activates the resonator if it was previously inactive and inactivates it if it was previously active.

The 6f shows by way of example the possibility of using switchable resonators (in this case three pairs of resonators) the signals of several transmitting stations possibly located at different locations a receiving station: one of the transmitting stations ( 118 ), z. With resonator ( 128 ), can be used to connect the receiving station ( 119 ) to provide sufficient energy. These are z. B. the resonator pairs ( 128 ) and ( 131 ), while to the other two stations ( 129 ) and ( 130 ) by means of other resonator pairs ( 132 ) and ( 133 ) should be a data exchange.

The energy coupling can be resonant at the receiving end by the one receiving circuit ( 135 ) or non-resonant by the other receiving circuit ( 136 ) respectively.

This is advantageous if z. B. a high energy transfer at a frequency f ₁ and would be possible, but there, z. B. due to the widespread use by competing, other participants, only with great effort a safe, undisturbed traffic can be established. This is z. B. on the normal ISM frequency bands already the case today.

The Distribution of such functionalities on different Frequency bands allow a specific use of each there permissible limits and thus leaves the use the different strengths of these frequencies.

The respective receiving station ( 119 ) can with a switch function ( 134 ) by inactivation of one of the two remaining resonators ( 132 ) respectively. ( 133 ) select with which broadcasting station (more precisely: on which frequency) you want to allow the communication. The receiving circuits ( 135 ) respectively. ( 136 ) remain unaffected.

The Switching the resonators shown in this example could z. B. are used to selectively only with one of the transmitting stations to communicate, if one depends on the device status Switch function a defined state of the device signaled.

The separation of signal and energy transfer is also advantageous if z. B. a high energy transfer on a first frequency f ₁ would be permissible, but at this frequency for various reasons, only with great effort, a data traffic to a station can be built at a distance, while that could be easy with another frequency f ₂ again, but on the other hand, no such high emission power for energy transmission is possible or permitted on this frequency.

The is z. B. also useful if an energy transfer better or only on a low (but maybe synonymous. high) frequency is possible because z. B the environmental conditions nothing else, but communication on another, higher (but possibly also lower) frequency must occur because, for. B. such a higher data transfer rate with a carrier at a higher frequency is possible or otherwise the target distance is not bridged or because of the environment (eg metallic, liquid, etc.) other would not be possible.

This is also useful if you are on a specific frequency support z. B. from a signal with multiple frequency components, z. B. one Square wave signal needed to supply the receiving unit Wants to transfer energy at the other frequency center (s) also or only (or additional) information.

The thus achievable decoupling of energy and data transport allowed also therefore an efficient use of the energy transport, because the use of only a single frequency associated with a modulation Does not have frequency broadening. This allows the otherwise necessary for the page limit filter in this regard omitted. Since those resulting from a modulation, in others Frequency bands extending into side bands are missing, these also do not limit the allowable carrier amplitude and thus a maximum energy transfer can take place.

A (but very fast) resonator switchover (eg by means of switching function ( 134 )) is also useful if in this way an information return to the transmitting station should take place. The method of load modulation known from the backscatter method or the method of receiving-side antenna circuit tuning change, which are used to be able to send data back from a passive receiving side to the transmitting side, are comparable methods. The backscatter method refers to the signal amplitude at the antenna circuit change The effect on the reflection properties feedback in the transmitting antenna circuit is thereby extended by the effect of phase and / or frequency feedback in the transmitting antenna circuit.

• 1. eine frequenzabhängige wechselnde Last, aus der sich eine Amplitudenveränderung an der Sendestation auch bei einer FSK-Modulation der Sendestation ergibt;
• 2. eine entsprechend dem Frequenzgang der Resonatoren sich ergebende, mit wechselnder Intensität rückgekoppelte, damit phasenschiebende Komponente;
• 3. eine – bei sehr eng benachbarten Resonanzstellen der beteiligten Resonatoren mit einer aus der erzwungenen Schwingung resultierenden, geringen Frequenzverschiebung – Rückgabe von Signalanteilen mit anderer Frequenz.

Namely, the receiving side between two resonators with relatively closely adjacent resonant frequencies switched back and forth, ie they are alternately activated very quickly / inactivated, then this gives

• 1. a frequency-dependent alternating load, resulting in a change in amplitude at the transmitting station even with an FSK modulation of the transmitting station;
• 2. a corresponding to the frequency response of the resonators resulting, fed back with alternating intensity, thus phase-shifting component;
• 3. a - at very close adjacent resonance points of the resonators involved with a resulting from the forced oscillation, low frequency shift - return of signal components with a different frequency.

each These features can be backscattered for back reflection be used by information.

The differences and advantages of the method according to the invention in comparison with the prior art are quickly visible through the resulting possibilities of multiple transmissions:
So it is z. For example, it is possible to ensure a sufficient basic supply for a receiving station in a defined environment and distance on a frequency of 125 kHz (or, for example, 13.56 MHz) and to handle the data traffic on a completely different frequency.

So is it z. B. possible, on a frequency of 62.5 kHz (or z. B. 6.78 MHz) sufficient basic supply for a Ensure receiving station in a defined environment and distance with a possibly better behavior regarding the environmental conditions (metallic, liquid environment, etc.), and on another frequency, e.g. B. 125 kHz (or 13.56 MHz) to handle the data traffic.

The Frequency acquisition can be at integer frequency ratios advantageous by simple (digital) division or by means of PLL arrangements with a simple digital division of the clock frequency a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and one on the Phase difference to a reference frequency (ia a quartz reference) regulated VCO frequency.

Here can be the digital signal generation and the rectangular transmission also several times supplement: From a mother generator of z. B. 1.2 MHz could PWM square wave signals with the frequency 600 kHz and 400 kHz can be obtained by division. The first frequency components these square wave signals would be 600 kHz, 300 kHz and 150 kHz or 400 kHz, 200 kHz and 100 kHz. With six resonators could So 6 frequencies are used in one of the described methods.

A passive receiving arrangement could, for. In one metallic environment via an electromagnetic field 125 kHz, but would be on this Frequency u. U. no longer able to z. B. At a distance Send response to the reading station while a parallel Query on 13.56 MHz this allows.

The needed frequencies can be in the reading station (Transmitter side) by means of two generators and / or from a base frequency of 13.56 MHz by a factor of 108 (125.5 kHz) be won.

Alternatively, it is z. B. possible, from a base frequency of 27.12 MHz by division (with the factors 2 or 217 ) to get the frequencies 13.56 or 124.58 (125) KHz. The advantage would be that in this way the two frequencies are present with rigid phase coupling.

alternative could be possible with a supply of 13.56 MHz and the answer z. B. on 434 MHz. The necessities Frequencies could be from a reference frequency of 13.56 MHz by means of a PLL arrangement at division of the VCO frequency the factor 32 (433.92 MHz) can be obtained.

alternative could be a supply of 125 kHz or 13.56 MHz possible and the answer to any integer higher Frequency, if this in the μW and even in the nW range is still possible. This is changed with a since 2006 Legislation also allowed.

As As can be seen, the resonator concept according to the invention results various uses.

The Supply could also be via one or two transmitting stations, on one or two different frequencies, with the energy used at each station and at each frequency remaining within acceptable limits, but in total in to have more energy available to the receiving station.

The Transmitting stations (again one or two transmitting stations, at the same or at different location (s)) z. B. also on two different but similar frequencies, e.g. B. 13.5375 MHz and 13.6625 MHz, with the energy used and staying within acceptable limits on every frequency, but so in total at the receiving stations more energy available to have.

The Transmitting stations (again one or two transmitting stations) could z. B. also on two different but similar frequencies, z. B. 13.5375 MHz and 13.6625 MHz. This would, as described, two resonator pairs used. Due to the frequency proximity they would collect energy independently of each other Resonators an overlay field with a beat frequency of 125 kHz or 62.5 kHz. This beat frequency can with appropriate measures (eg introducing a nonlinearity into the magnetic circuit, which is usually the hysteresis of a Core material is sufficient) and via a tuned to this difference frequency resonator for the radiation will be activated.

With in this way with the aid of resonators from an overlay let two or more frequencies formed new frequencies further "frequency-generating measures" in introduce such a concept and present new applications.

The Construction of at least three resonators, two of which two (relatively) closely adjacent frequencies are tuned and at least one more to activate the sum or difference frequency tuned to this sum or difference frequency is intended in Hereinafter referred to as "overlay resonator" when the beat frequency in general Is the foreground of interest, and will be referred to below as the "beat resonator" be designated when the beat frequency (or the frequency difference) is looked at.

A "superposition resonator" So z. B. be composed of four individual resonators, if both the sum frequency, as well as the difference frequency, formed from two receive carrier frequencies, through corresponding resonators should be activated. So here can also be a mix of signals be used successfully.

Even arrangements with more than just two superimposed frequencies are extremely interesting: How to z. B. Bronstein can take, applies: sinα + sinβ + sinγ = (½sinα + ½sinα) + (½sinβ + ½sinβ) + (½sinγ + ½sinγ) = (½sinα + ½sinβ) + (½sinα + ½sinγ) + (½sinβ + ½sinγ) = ½cos [(α - β) / 2] · sin [(α + β) / 2] + ½sin [(α-β) / 2] · sin [(α + β) / 2] + ½sin [(β-γ) / 2] · sin [( β + γ) / 2].

As you can see in it, lie in the envelopes of a beat signal, that of three frequencies, the z. B. as described above to a passive relay transponder (with corresponding resonators for the carrier frequencies and for the difference frequencies) act, all three possible, to be formed difference frequencies in front. Depending on whether the respective high-frequency or the low-frequency Components is separated by appropriate filters, also applies here again that the sum function and the sum form is present.

A "superposition resonator" can therefore be made up of more than three or four individual resonators: If z. For n frequencies of n transmitting stations both the n transmitted carrier frequencies are activated by n resonators (n> 2) must, and also z. B. m possible difference frequencies to be activated, for which m = (n - 2) (n - 1) / 2 additional resonators would be necessary would be for n = 5 z. B. 11 resonators needed.

And Again, these resonators can of course be switched be interpreted.

An advantageous application of such an arrangement is z. For example, the following: The first two resonators only activate the frequencies involved in the superimposition, e.g. 13.5375 MHz and 13.6625 MHz, so they provide - if present in the electromagnetic field at all - for the receiving circuit just ready. The difference frequency is not really present with the superimposition of the two fields (the corresponding spectrum still only consists of the two individual frequencies). Only when a nonlinearity comes into play and leads to a kind of rectifier effect, such a sum or difference frequency (or the frequency of the envelope of the overlay), which now excites the / the corresponding, tuned to this frequency resonator (s) , which leads to the radiation of precisely these frequencies (125 kHz or 13.56 MHz).

A Such non-linearity can be activated in the receiving station be provided, so that a read request with two first frequencies but an answer to that on a completely different third or fourth frequency occurs and also only then, if this station wants it or "modulates" it with a non-linear switching function. While in this case the two high frequency polling frequencies serve the energy supply, the answer is low frequency z. B. ASK modulated therefrom by switching function by the non-linearity completely passive. Use one or both stations a PWM control, then it can with the difference frequency signal also imprint information of your choice.

It can be almost arbitrary with such resonator designs Way combination and arrangement with a single (or with several) Transmitting arrangement (s) and having one (or more) receiving arrangements be constructed and multiple frequencies are transmitted. In the receiver arrangement can be any reaction either applied to all or to selected frequencies (such as load coupling, antenna reflection, broadcast, Single connection, multiple connection, etc.) and by a resonant Duplications also the transmitted signals again be received and influenced separately.

Are z. As defined in a frequency band channel center frequencies f ₁ , f ₂ , f ₃ , etc., by means of resonators z. B. activated for a multiple frequency transmission, then on the receiving side single or combinations of frequencies can be activated or deactivated (for example, by a switch function with which the resonators can be activated or short-circuited), depending on which frequencies and resonators are currently used, have been activated or deactivated.

Not necessarily only one transmission location has to be present on the transmitter side. If z. B. the two previously in the example of the overlay resonators used frequencies (eg 13.5375 MHz or 13.6625 MHz) of come different positions, then change that nothing to the above principle for obtaining a passive answer. However, here are the relative positions of the transmitter to each other, as well as the geometric angle in which they each other and to the receiving position. The resulting phase positions can also be used.

The Response of a passive station to a beat frequency can be passive in the double sense: First, the answer formed by a passive receiving system, d. H. only using the energy radiated by the transmitting stations.

To the other but each transmitting stations, z. B. by deactivation the associated resonator, such an answer also completely Suppress: Missing one of the radiated from the transmitting station Carrier frequencies, then also the difference frequency is missing at the overlay transponder. Each station can thus ensure that the answer to the difference frequency with an ASK modulation that defined by it by resonator activation and deactivation Data by doing the same with the energy emitted by it (eg via the inactivation of a resonator).

The So senders can - without an intermediate really existing connection, only over an influence to the passive receiving station, which now only serves as relay station, d. H. without any influence on the information provided, working passively, communicating. This can be done by means of resonator activation / deactivation or by means of PWM control in one of the transmitting stations.

To it is only necessary that the (passive) receiving station just just the difference frequency signal generated continuously; d. H. but, simply the presence of a heterodyne resonator it already suffices.

This is a function corresponding to the RFID concept but based on a completely different transmission concept: A beat resonator thus becomes a standalone RFID tag transponder, which, for B. can work on different designed frequency channels. In such a concept The transponder itself no longer responds, but passively establishes specific transmission characteristics between two or more stations, from which an identification feature can be derived.

The can in turn also -. B. by another switching function in the place of the passive receiver - in addition be modulated or influenced. In turn, it is possible Connections between the reading stations first by one at the place of the passive "transponder relay" existing switching function produce by means of such switchable passive relay stations.

This extends the possibilities (especially for RFID applications, for example) very significant: for an answer now no in the transponder even present intelligence or circuit needed more but the mediation takes place here between the active stations simply by accessing a link via the passive relay station. Because the reading stations enough Energy available, these no longer test that weak signal of the transponder, but by the transponder recycled transmission path.

Not necessarily only one receiving location has to be on the receiving side be given: If z. B. at a location of a transmitter n resonators ensure that n frequencies are transmitted, then z. B. single and / or multiple receive arrangements with one or more resonators at z. B. m Places (where m is equal or unequal, smaller or larger as n can be) the different frequencies simply, but also in multiple, not necessarily the same or different Combination received.

Everyone Resonator "activated" in this sense, at the location of his Existence a single frequency (for sending out at Transmitter or for reception at the receiver), provided the frequency component in the electromagnetic field of the environment the resonator is included; this both on the transmitter side and the receiver side. It can be done in given physical limits and within limits the (also legally limited) available standing bandwidth and transmit power any combination of Resonators and switch functions and localities formed which are different and different resonator arrangements enable, disable, send or receive. The receiver side active, passive or foreign powered can be designed.

To are simple, compact, designed only as an LC combination resonators available, but also resonators that over Switching functions can be activated or deactivated, as well as overlay resonators consisting of at least two (RF) resonators for the carrier frequencies to be received and at least one, to the sum or difference frequency tuned, additional resonator. In the context of such a way built-overlay transponders can the introduction a nonlinear element from the outside (as part of the usage) happen, or be already provided in the structure.

Consequently many applications and arrangements are possible; z. B. can thus a consisting of many switches or keys keyboard function, also a remote control, be realized.

Either very simple constructs (eg simple switching functions), but Even very complex switching function arrangements can do so be realized, wherein neither in the frequency selection of the usual Constructions must be deviated, still special measures are to be taken, over the usual effort go out.

The Resonator concept as such is the primary prerequisite ready.

The description of another example of the invention will be described with reference to 7 done: In this 7 On the transmitter side (for all partial examples of this illustration, the components of comparable or identical function and the designations are equally valid) a single coupling circuit ( 143 ) with two resonators ( 139 ) respectively. ( 140 ) used to build an electromagnetic field. The generated field hits this in all cases 7 on the receiver side on two resonators ( 137 ) respectively. ( 138 ) and two subsequent decoupling circuits with two receiving circuits ( 141 ) respectively. ( 142 ).

Of the two receiving side resonators can in the example of the 7c and 7d one each (here in each case ( 138 )) of a switch function "short-circuit-disabled" ( 7c ) or when the switch is closed ( 7d ) become. A second switch function adds a load in one of the load modulation decoupling circuits; once this happens ( 7d ) in the non-resonant decoupling circuit ( 146 ), to the other ren ( 7c ) in the resonant coupling circuit ( 147 ) with the corresponding switching functions ( 148 ) and ( 149 ).

In this example the 7 So form each 2 resonators, each one transmitter side, a receiving side, each a resonator pair. This allows two sinusoidal signals with two different frequencies to be transmitted independently.

In the example of 7a the two frequencies are the two receiving circuits ( 141 ) and ( 142 ) are equally available and can be used here in any way, the same or different.

In the example of 7b the coupling circuits are designed to be resonant, ie the individual receiving circuit ( 141 ) respectively. ( 142 ) will only use one of the two (possibly existing) frequencies. This can be the signal with the same frequency for each receiving circuit, but also the other one.

In the example of 7c and 7d the receiving circuits ( 141 ) operate with both frequencies, the other receiving circuit ( 142 ) can only use one of the two frequencies.

Respectively one of the two frequencies can receive at the receiving end by an inactivation of a resonator by means of switching function ( 144 ) or ( 145 ) are locked

A load modulation can take place once in the receiving circuit with resonant decoupling ( 7c ) and once in the broadband decoupled path ( 7d ):
If the switches in the receiving arrangement are each open, this is indicated in FIG 7c and 7d the situation of a normal transmission (comparable to a single RFID transponder). With the one switch ( 148 ) can z. B. load modulations only on the frequency f to which the Auskoppelkreis ( 147 ), which in the known sense react on the input side and can therefore be used for data transmission from the receiving side to the transmitter side.

Is in 7c now the switch ( 144 ) closed, then the resonator arrangement is inactive (short-circuited) and thus the frequency previously activated by the resonators practically no longer exists. Since the receiver then receives no (or at least no relevant amount of) energy at this frequency, no response is returned to the primary circuit (to the transmission circuit). Otherwise, if the switch S ₁ ( 144 ) is open. In this case, the resonator arrangement is active, the receiving side receives a signal and / or can remove energy and by means of a load coupling, data on this frequency can be mirrored back to the transmitter side.

In the 7d is in the same arrangement as in 7c the receiver-side resonator by a switch ( 145 ) first activated in the closed state. Such a switch can again be of any function and shape, eg. B. a reed contact, which is actuated by a moving in a mechanical locking lever magnet.

However, the load coupling now takes place in the non-resonant coupling circuit. This load coupling thus acts equally on the two frequencies activated by the resonators. If one of the resonators ( 138 ), then the load coupling only acts on the other frequency.

At In this example, it can be seen that resonator deactivation u. May also be used to block backscatter responses can. With permanent modulation by the load coupling can thus a Modulation also via the resonator activation or inactivation be done or used. (ASK, SSK, PSK)

The description of a further example according to the invention is made on the basis of 8th : In this 8th At the transmitter end, a single coupling circuit ( 151 ) for the construction of an electromagnetic field, and three resonators ( 150 ) 152 ) and ( 153 ) used. The generated field meets the receiver side to three receiving arrangements with two resonators, z. B. ( 160 ) and ( 161 ) and with two subsequent Auskoppelkreisen, z. B. ( 164 ) and ( 165 ) again with two receiving circuits ( 163 ) and ( 162 ) for a first frequency ( 163 ) and in each case a second decoupling circuit with receiving circuit for a second frequency, these here for an energy transfer.

In this arrangement, the second and third transmitter-side resonators can be closed by scarf be activated. Only when one of these resonators is active, transmission energy is radiated on the respective resonant frequencies of the resonators to a significant extent. The switches can thus be used to perform an ASK modulation of the signal either on one of the frequencies or else to achieve a frequency modulation by switching over the resonators (FSK). (In the case of FSK modulation, a switch can also be used, as with the 6a If the receiving stations are each designed for one of the two frequencies for data transmission, then the transmitting station can also select the connection to a receiving station by activation or inactivation of the resonators, which in turn can accept or reject a connection via switching functions.

Description of another example according to the invention with reference to FIG 9 to illustrate the manipulation possibilities of the transmitting stations: transmitter side ( 166 ) again with a single coupling circuit ( 168 ) for the construction of an electromagnetic field ( 186 ) and with three resonators ( 169 ) 170 ) and ( 171 ).

The field generated in this way ( 186 ) meets the receiver ( 167 ) to a first receiving arrangement with three resonators ( 174 ) 175 ) and ( 176 ). The following, first (designed for resonance) Auskoppelkreis ( 181 ) and a second non-resonant output ( 178 ) are inputs for each receive circuit ( 173 ) respectively. ( 172 ).

The first resonant decoupling ( 181 ) is designed for the lowest frequency and is mainly used to supply transmission of the respective receiver-side arrangements. The second receiving arrangement is intended here to use the second and third frequencies and is therefore not resonant with a simple coil ( 178 ) coupled.

A second receiving arrangement - z. B. can be located at another location - is comparable to here, in all details with the first receiving arrangement, the same structure with three resonators ( 182 ) 183 ) and ( 189 ), two receiving circuits ( 185 ) and ( 177 ) with the couplings ( 180 ) and ( 179 ).

On the transmitter side, the control ( 168 ) with a PWM square wave signal. This PWM signal can be electronically set to a 50% duty cycle electronically by the transmitting electronics of the transmitter side and / or switched between a smaller and larger PWM ratio by a small amount slightly different from these 50%.

By PWM ratio is meant here the ratio of T _pulse to T _period and can by the quotient T _pulse / T _period directly as a ratio, or by the corresponding percentage value 100 be specified. Without this causing misunderstandings, in this sense "PWM" is also used directly as a variable for this ratio: PWM = 50% or PWM = 0.45 is in this sense clear for a PWM ratio of 0.5 or 50 % or for a PWM ratio of 0.45 and 45%, respectively.

The resonators of 9 are all activated, but it could - as an extension of this example - also z. B. a resonator can be activated or inactivated by one of the measures described by the transmission electronics.

In the receiving arrangements, the components of the frequency components of the square wave signal by means of corresponding receiving circuits z. T. be used differently (see also the illustration for 3 ):
The lowest frequency component in a PWM signal is at the fundamental frequency f ₀ = 1 / T (T is the period ( 32 ) of the respective PWM signal ( 30 ); see. 10 ) and is used in both receiving arrangements for power supply. For this purpose, this frequency component is resonantly coupled in both arrangements (( 180 ) respectively. ( 181 )) and by a suitable receiving circuit (( 171 ) respectively. ( 185 )) for the energy supply and used.

The decoupling of this frequency component takes place resonantly in this example in both receiving circuits in order not to influence the other frequency components by a possibly strongly impacting (damping) energy extraction process; ie, by this measure f ₁ and f _{2 are} not affected by the energy output.

10 shows for a PWM signal the behavior of the amplitudes (more precisely their height) of the first three frequency components as a function of the respective PWM ratio: the course of a first curve (FIG. 31 ) represents qualitatively the amplitude at which the fundamental frequency component with the frequency f _{0 is contained} in a PWM signal when a certain PWM ratio (on the abscissa for the range of 0% to 100% shown) is given.

With PWM = 50%, ie with a symmetrical square wave signal, the maximum possible value ( 36 ) for the amplitude with the fundamental frequency f ₀ . Does the PWM ratio change to a slightly smaller PWM ratio, e.g. To PWM = 45% ( 42 ), then this fundamental frequency component only changes by a small amount ( 44 ); this amplitude becomes slightly smaller.

The comparable shows in this 10 another curve ( 41 ) the amplitude profile of the frequency component f ₁ = 2 · f ₀ and another curve ( 40 ) of the frequency component f ₂ = 3 · f ₀ , which would each set at a defined PWM ratio.

With a PWM ratio of exactly 50%, the frequency components f ₀ (fundamental frequency ( 36 )) and f ₂ = 3 · f ₀ ( 38 ) maximum, f ₁ = 2 · f ₀ ( 37 ) is missing. Right and left of it, still relatively close to PWM = 50%, the fractions of f ₀ ( 44 ) (with little change) and f ₂ ( 45 ) (with significant decrease). In addition, however, f ₁ = 2f ₀ now comes with a significant proportion ( 46 ) and can u. U. participate in the transmission of energy and / or data (if there is a resonator related to this frequency).

The So transmission electronics can change by simply changing the PWM ratio, choose between signals with varying spectral components, without having to activate or inactivate the resonators (which but of course possible for all frequency components would).

It should be noted that the frequency responses with respect to the 50% limit behave symmetrically, that is - lying symmetrically around the 50% PWM value - the spectral magnitude components right ( 51 ) and left ( 50 ) of 50% ( 35 ) equal, but of course each have a different phase position. This can z. B. be used for an (additional) phase modulation.

It should also be noted that PWM signals for the right ( 51 ) and left ( 50 ) differ from the 50% PWM values by simply inverting the corresponding PWM signal, whereby a phase jump occurs in the signal during the switchover. This can be z. B. by software, but also by a single XOR gate with a data input and a PWM signal input for a defined PWM signal.

Prefers However, you will be switching with the software of a microprocessor using a possibly existing HW support accomplish.

The receiver-side (resonant) decoupling of the f ₀ component, which in this example is always maximal (the PWM ratio should be close to 50%, never close to 0% or 100%), supplies the energy required at the receiving end. The power supply is therefore largely independent of how the PWM ratio is currently set by the transmission electronics for small PWM changes because the amplitude drops very little ( 44 ).

However, even this signal of the base frequency f ₀ undergoes a phase jump when switching back and forth between a right and left side of 50% lying PWM ratio. This too can be used for data transmission on the power supply signal.

Especially Broadcasts (non-specific shipments to all recipients, which are located in the reception area) may be preferred be transmitted in this way.

Thus, the sender has so many options, as they can communicate with (one or more) receiving stations. As an example, the following table illustrates a possible use of an arrangement 9 group; This table gives only some of several ways of using this as an example: The conditions on the transmitter side (for Fig. 9; PWM control): Duty Cycle f ₀ f ₁ = 2 · f ₀ f ₁ = 3 · f ₀ 50% available unavailable Available 50% -δ prev., -φ prev., -φ prev., -φ 50% + δ prev., + φ prev., + φ prev., + φ

The energy transfer takes place on the transmitter side with Res1 on the frequency f ₀ : Use on the receiver side 1: (to Fig. 9) At duty cycle f ₀ f ₁ = 2 · f ₀ f ₂ = 3 · f ₀ 50% energy ASK = 0 no resonator 50% -δ Energy, at -φ ASK = 1, Data1_0 -φ no resonator 50% + δ Energy, at + φ ASK = 1, Datal_1 + φ no resonator

The energy transfer takes place at the receiver 1 with Res1 ', coupling f ₀ resonant
A 1st data channel is used via ASK on the frequency f ₁ (broadcast transmission)
A 2nd data channel is used via phase modulation on the frequency f ₁ Use on the receiver side 2: (to Fig. 9) At duty cycle f ₀ f ₁ = 2 · f ₀ f ₂ = 3 · f ₀ 50% energy ASK = 0 Available 50% -δ Energy, at -φ ASK = 1, Data1_0 -φ Data1_0 -φ 50% + δ Enerie, at + φ ASK = 1, Data1_1 + φ Datal_1 + gφ

The energy transfer takes place at the receiver 2 with Res1 '', coupling out resonant
A 1st data channel is used via ASK on the frequency f ₁ (broadcast transmission)
A 2nd data channel is used via phase modulation on the frequency f ₁
A third data channel is used to phase modulation at the frequency f ₂

The transmit circuit can toggle between PWM 50% and a slightly adjacent PWM value, toggling between "f ₁ = 2f ₀ present" and "f ₁ = 2f ₀ absent". This corresponds to an on / off amplitude modulation (ASK modulation) when using a carrier frequency of f ₁ = 2f ₀ .

Since the illustrated receivers are all capable of this frequency via the non-resonant coupling ( 178 ) respectively. ( 179 ), this z. B. for data transmission for a Broadcastsendung (broadcast from the sender to all receivers lying in the receiving area) are used. In this mode, the sending station can simultaneously send a message or an instruction to all receivers in the receiving area, e.g. For example, the request to mute, a request to pass on a broadcast, etc ..

Is z. B. f ₀ at 64.5 kHz, then with f ₁ = 2f ₀ = 125 kHz given a typical RFID frequency, whereby the transmitting station could communicate with the currently available transponders on this frequency (ASK modulated).

By the choice of 64.5 KHz for energy transfer would be the used switching frequency at <75 KHz. This corresponds to a radiation frequency range for completely different legal provisions apply than for 125 KHz and could (probably) much more energy radiate as 125 kHz would allow.

With the 62.5 KHz, the arrangement could also in metallic Environment lossless work than with 125 KHz.

As a general rule It is therefore advantageous to supply power to a receiving circuit to place in a frequency range that has high energy dissipation allowed and communication in a higher frequency range with lower energy, eg. For example via the PWM ratio settable adjustable.

If, in this example, the transmission station is now additionally enabled to short-circuit the resonator for the frequency f ₂ = 3 · f ₀ , an ASK modulation for data transmission with one or more receiving stations would also be possible with this frequency independently of the one just described Data transfer to f ₁ = 2f ₀ . Thus, two independent data streams can be transmitted from the transmitter to the receivers, depending on which resonator constructs and whichever activation or inactivation of resonators is possible in each case.

A sender-side inactivation option is in the 9 not shown, but of course at any time for each transmitter-side resonator as possible to be considered. In this case, the inactivation of the respective station can be actively provided, but also passively by an on-site switching function. A pas sive switching function can z. B. may be a reed contact, which is connected by a magnet, which is on by a mechanical element on the reed contact and moved away again, or a microswitch, or a light-dependent switch, the z. B. in daylight only has a low resistance, while he would have a very high resistance at night, etc ..

Now, the example based on the 9 continuing, the receiving stations be able to detect either on the frequency f ₁ = 2f ₀ and / or on the frequency f ₂ = 3 · f ₀ additionally a different phase position (phase modulation, here PSK). Since the transmitter side, the switching between a right of 50% lying PWM ratio and a left-sided PWM ratio can be independent of the previously shown decisions, there are further possibilities of channel designs.

Based on all the switching functions that ever are conceivable, the construction described here is active or passive use. The same applies to everyone with switches provided transponder applications.

In order to there is the possibility of a typical RFID concept to build comparable functionality, even with identical ones Application areas, but still clearly recognizable to others and to provide more advanced technical way than this possible on the state of the art with typical RFID transponders is.

It switching functions can be passed on, transferring energy and data can be passed to the data line too realized using passive transponder relay concepts be, etc ..

For smaller systems with a not too large number of receiving stations (Transponder) can be passive encodings with the illustrated Resonator concept realized and used: with z. B. 4 resonators can transmitter side four frequencies, z. For example, the first four Frequency components of a PWM signal or 4 relatively dense adjacent frequencies within a defined frequency band lie, be activated directly.

at the same time Two such frequencies each define two more, also usable frequencies, namely the difference frequency and the sum frequency, so that further possible combinations result. These frequencies are provided by corresponding difference frequency resonators (Beat resonators) or sum frequency resonators (overlay resonators) activated for radiation.

The Transmission of the four frequencies is z. B. 6 receiving stations received and evaluated. Does each receiving station have a unique one Resonator, then it can by a defined frequency signature, which is sent by the sending station, recognize if and that they Currently being addressed.

A provided load coupling takes place in a receiving circuit in this Example by means of non-resonant decoupled signal energy and results in a backscatter signal on all enabled ones Frequencies.

Do z. For example, the 6 receiving circuits represent the 6 resonator identifiers (in the order f ₀ , f ₁ , f ₂ , f ₃ , a resonator of "0" not present in frequency, an existing one of "1" is shown for each receiver, so 0101 means that are present for the frequencies f ₀ and f ₂ none resonators for the frequencies f ₀ and f _2, resonators) 0101, 1010, 1001, 0110, 1100 and 0011, the transmitting station may activate each of these 6 stops uniquely identified by and inactivate the resonators with the corresponding frequency components respond.

Lie However, more than 6 reading stations, z. B. with the resonator 0001, 0010, 0100, 1000 ago, then each of these would Reading stations can also be addressed if one of the aforementioned six stations are addressed should. The transponder with the resonator ID 0001 would z. B. also be addressed, if only one of the transponders be addressed with the resonator 0101, 1001 or 0011 should.

If a transponder with the resonator 1110 or 0111 addressed If the transponders 1010, 0110, 1100, 1000, 0100 and 0010 or the transponders with the resonator ID 0101, 0110, 0011, 0001, 0010 and 0100 addressed simultaneously.

These Disadvantages can but by appropriate measures in the receiving circuits, as shown below the keyboard will be shown.

Naturally it is possible at any time to send and receive station directly in one place to a unit (in pluggable or adhesive form) summarize when the resonators for broadcast and Reception work on different frequencies.

• – einer Station mit mindestens einem Kopplungskreis und mindestens zwei Resonatoren, von denen
• – mindestens einer in der Station zum Senden (mit einer Auskopplungsspule) und
• – mindestens einer in der gleichen Station zum Empfangen (mit einer Lastkopplungsspule) vorgesehen sind,

stellen zudem ein darüber hinausgehendes Konstrukt dar, indem (im gleichen magnetischen Kreis) zwei verschiedene Resonanzen sowohl zum Empfang als auch zum Senden eingesetzt werden können, wobei die dazu eingesetzten Frequenzen fast beliebig weit voneinander, aber auch beliebig nahe beieinander, u. U. weniger als eine Kanalbandbreite auseinander liegen können.Constructions in which z. B. the use

• A station having at least one coupling circuit and at least two resonators, of which
• At least one in the station for transmission (with a decoupling coil) and
• - at least one in the same station for receiving (with a load coupling coil) are provided,

In addition, represent a beyond construct by (two different resonances both for reception and for sending can be used (in the same magnetic circuit), the frequencies used for almost any distance from each other, but also arbitrarily close to each other, u. U. may be less than a channel bandwidth apart.

Of the Minimum distance for the resonance points of two resonators is just separable from the just used with the resonators Defined resonance point.

It So it is possible to send and receive unit in one device to summarize, if with the resonators the involved frequencies be able to distinguish enough clearly, and the coupling and decoupling carried out each resonant becomes.

If z. B. the frequency bandwidth is 25 KHz, then it is possible, at half the frequency, so at 12.5 KHz each to use a pilot tone to for the Return route to transmit distinguishable signals. Since both frequencies are on separate (but closely tuned) resonators It is possible, even within such a channel bandwidth to establish a duplex connection.

When important extension of the invention Resonator method given possibilities, the "indirect Information forwarding "via passive (or active)" relay transponders " be seen.

In the example of 11 3 transmitting stations ( 187 ) 188 ) and ( 189 ) assumed that due to the distance to each other here can not make a direct connection with each other here. The transmitting stations all work with a PWM control, as shown above and in the table 9 has been described.

Furthermore, 4 receiving stations ( 190 ) 191 ) and ( 192 ) such as ( 193 ), which are passively designed in this example. Each of these receiving stations can each be reached by at least two transmitting stations (eg RFID readers), a receiving station ( 193 ) can be reached from all three transmitting stations.

The transmitting stations work with a PWM control, as shown in the table above and in the table 9 already described; Thus, they can act on several channels by means of different types of modulation on a reachable for them receiving station. Although here are the stations u. U. have no way to communicate directly, they can do this through the intermediary of the passive overlay resonators ( 190 ) 191 ) 192 ), but also about ( 193 ) to reach.

With A suitable routing concept can also be used by small restaurants Networks are set up (PicoLANs) that alternate between active ones Reading / transmitting stations and passive relay stations pass on information can.

In the case of container contents, larger quantities of general cargo could also be read from outside via suitably deployed, active and / or passive intermediate stations. For example, a large number of bottles / articles could be tagged with individual passive, cheap RFID transponders, each box / package / pallet also having a (reusable) staging station that can read all the bottle transponders of the box for reading, the messages ( Data on the contents of the box) in the sum but directly or indirectly to a higher-level active station forwards, their data from the outside conveniently can be read out.

Based on 12 another example will be described. At the transmitting end, two stations are provided in this example, with the first ( 200 ) z. B. on 13.4975 MHz a relatively strong, should also deliver a transponder suitable signal. The second station ( 201 ) produces the same at 13.6225 MHz.

A receiver-side multiple resonator design ( 250 ), which include the two individual resonators ( 202 ) and ( 203 ), which form resonator pairs with the transmitter-side resonators of the two transmitting stations, in addition to a resonator ( 210 ) to the energy supply not shown here and also two resonators ( 205 ) respectively. ( 204 ) for the difference and the sum frequency should work together with these two transmitting stations.

This reception structure ( 250 ) of the 12 So integrates a superposition resonator, the resonators ( 202 ) and ( 203 ) to the two transmission frequencies, z. B. 13.4975 MHz or 13.6225 MHz, are designed.

Two decoupling circuits ( 206 ) and ( 207 ), decouple signals for two receiving circuits. The "evaluation" of these signals consists here only of the mixture by means of a diode with a current-limiting resistor in a receiving circuit ( 208 ) and thus represents the required nonlinearity of the receiver.

This arrangement causes the extraction of an energy component with the difference and sum frequency from that of the RF resonators ( 202 ) and ( 203 ) and processed by the diode demodulator overlay signal. The marginal resonators ( 205 ) respectively. ( 204 ) are accordingly designed for this difference frequency of 125 kHz or to the sum frequency of 27.12 MHz and activate these frequencies here for further transmission z. B. for transmission to the outside.

Bottom right in the 12 is this once again shown in a top view or overview: the two transmitting stations ( 215 ) and ( 214 ) correspond to the transmitting stations ( 200 ) respectively. ( 201 ) of the detail view and send an electromagnetic field to the receiving station ( 213 ), which forms the two operating frequencies of 27.12 MHz and 125 kHz by superposition. 125 kHz are emitted to the right, which is transmitted with a normal RFID transponder ( 212 ) can interact, the z. On a metallic surface ( 211 ) could sit. These 12 also illustrates the circumstances for a further possible example of the use of such a superimposition transponder: the two transmitting stations S ₁ (FIG. 200 ) respectively. ( 215 ) and S ₂ ( 201 ) respectively. ( 214 ) now transmit on the frequencies f ₁ = 6.8425 MHz and f ₂ = 6.9675 MHz and have in this example, due to their distance from each other no direct contact, although they easily, even at low power, a distance of some Can bridge meters.

If these stations S ₁ and S _{2 are} transmitted - for the time being without modulation - then the two frequency components f ₁ and f ₂ reach the superposition resonator (FIG. 202 ) 203 ) along with ( 205 ) respectively. ( 213 ) collects the energy from these two frequencies in its environment and superimposes them (initially only additive).

Without further measures, there is only one (not 100%) beating at this point. However, the spectrum of the field course measured here would still only consist of the two frequency components f ₁ and f _{2 of} the carrier signals from the two stations S ₁ and S ₂ .

Now comes a suitable, nonlinear functionality ( 208 ) in the vicinity of the overlay transponder (which may be, for example, a hysteresis-type core material) then, caused by this non-linearity, arise both above and below the arithmetic mean of the two frequencies, additional frequency components. The reason for this process is known and can be found in the general literature on modulation methods and signal theories.

Although of course these two frequency components are available on both sides of the transponder, here in the example of the 12 be accepted (this is in the overview of the 12 bottom right also shown) that on one side only the sum frequency with 13.56 MHz interested, on the other hand, only the 125 KHz.

Such a structure is z. B. useful if, as assumed in this example, on the one hand a metallic environment ( 211 ) is present, or if a data transfer with the 13.56 MHz over a much greater distance easier than z. B. directly with a field frequency of 125 kHz.

In this example, it can now additionally be assumed that between the metallic surface ( 211 ) and the overlay transponder according to the invention, for. B. very close to, or even directly on the metallic surface of a normal RFID transponder ( 212 ), which "responds" to the 125 kHz signal in its normal functional frame.) The 125 kHz read field normally generated by a reader must generally be very strong if the reader wanted to read the transponder under these conditions.

In In this example, it can now be further assumed that the overlay transponder is off the differential signal is a modulation signal for the 13.56 MHz trains.

It should be noted that the function of this arrangement is the 12 from another point of view can also be represented as: A reader ( 200 ) operating on the frequency of 6.28 MHz or even 13.56 MHz, can use a transponder ( 212 ) due to a metallic or liquid surface ( 211 ) only at a very low frequency of z. B. 125 kHz can work (which ia only distances in the mm range would be bridged) read by two (auxiliary) carrier signals f ₁ and f ₂ of two remote stations S ₁ and S ₂ and a superposition transponder are used as auxiliary transponder.

From starting from this example status can now additionally, the Expanding example once again, assume that a second heterodyne resonator with the same frequency settings as the first in some Distance to the first heterodyne resonator arranged is.

The both from the superimposition of the carrier signals originating frequencies with 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz are due to of the same origin exactly with the frequencies used in the first overlay transponder be won, agree.

There at the position of the first heterodyne resonator the There won 125 kHz there also won 13.56 MHz signal can be modulated, this 125 kHz signal through demodulation too at the position of the second heterodyne resonator the received 13.56 MHz signal are obtained. That's up to you these positions twice the exact same, but from two different Sources or obtained on different signal paths 125 kHz signal in front. These signals can be compared with each other, to gain information about the signal path.

14 represents as another application the construction of a passive keyboard, here exemplified for nine keys.

A such keyboard is z. B. in explosive dangerous environment useful, if any sparking is to be avoided. Such Keyboard can be freely fixed in a variably held position. Such a passive construction is z. B. also useful if a Button arrangement (eg as stickable to any surface Operating element, the z. B. in large quantities could be made) immediately above a reader position, z. B. from the outside of the device or on a glass or Device wall, can be attached.

With Such a keyboard can, for. B. holes that in a housing for a keyboard lead-through or at least drilled for the cable gland should be avoided. This simplifies the production and Z. As well as to completely seal a device. For underwater applications, applications in aggressive environments (Acid, gas, heat, steam, ...), etc. can switch functions through a housing wall without cables and the associated Problems are passed into the interior of a device.

The 14a exemplifies a keypad from a keyboard with nine keys: The six on-edge resonators are in this 14a switched so that upon actuation of a key in each case the bridging of two resonators. For example, the key inactivates ( 234 ) the resonators ( 218 ) and ( 217 ). The button consists only of a conductive plastic, which at one point at ( 234 ) is pressed with four contacts. This will cause a connection z. B. between the lines ( 219 ) and via this a short circuit for the resonators (here ( 218 )), whereby these are inactivated. With the same key arrangement and multiple resonator activations are possible, for. B. when the coil and the capacitance of the resonator are not parallel, but in series.

14b shows how more than just two resonators are inactivated by one key at a time can be fourth, here in 14b For each button, these are 3 resonators, which are deactivated with one button. (Again, it is also possible to simultaneously perform the simultaneous activations of the three resonators by a key function, when full of the parallel resonances series resonances shown here are used).

extensions on 4 resonators per switching point are easy to perform: These are the connections of the resonators over Cables fed to a wreath from contact points, in the two associated contact surfaces under a conductive flexible material are arranged. At the exert an actuating pressure on a so defined Key position, the conductive material is pressed onto the rim of the contact points, and thus a connection between all contact points located in the wreath produced equally. Each resonator, one feed line to such a contact ring is so inactivated by short circuit (activated in the case of cross stitching).

The here in the 14 For clarity of the circuit at the edge of Taststurenfeldes shown resonators are realized in a real construction, however, by coils which extend around the key arrangement in the outer space.

15 shows by way of example the structure (one of many possible) of a passive transponder, here in foil construction with a receiving circuit ( 230 ), which by means of a coil ( 229 ) evaluates the coupled signal and three resonators ( 225 ' ) 226 ' ) and ( 227 ' ).

The transmitter arrangement may have a similar structure, here represented by a signal generator ( 232 ), which generates the generated signal for decoupling onto a coil ( 228 ) and also here the three resonators required for resonator pair formation with the receiver arrangement ( 225 ) 226 ) and ( 227 ).

This coil ( 228 ) generates an electromagnetic field with a temporal intensity curve, which corresponds approximately to the time course of the generator signal. This can be a single, harmonic signal, which can be several, individual sine functions, which are first switched in their sum on the coupling coil, but this can also be a signal with a rectangle, triangle or sawtooth.

The resonators shown here as zusammenklebbare films ( 221 ), with z. B. directly printed on the board material or etched coil structures ( 222 ) and with the capacities also realized directly by the layout ( 223 ), can be freely chosen and matched. By freely assembling resonators with suitably chosen resonant frequencies, transponders and transmitter units can be assembled for any desired working frequencies. Possible switching functions ( 224 ) are parallel to the capacity ( 223 ).

Of the Structure of three or four such film resonators would be in a heterodyne resonator, without any electronics, equal. Only the non-linearity to be introduced (diode, Transistor or just a core material) would have added become.

The presentation of the 11 showed already a scenario for this application, with which the meaning of the technology for the RFID happening can become clear. Thus, the resonator designs of the present invention provide a broad application field that includes, but is not limited to, RFID applications.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 102007055176 [0001]
• - DE 3810702 [0023]
• - DE 102005045360 [0023]
• - DE 60102613 [0023]

Claims (53)

Method for the wireless transmission of energy and / or data between at least two stations, in systems in which radio partners exchange and / or transmit data and / or energy by means of electromagnetic fields, characterized in that - at least one transmitting station is present, the - at least one Having transmission circuitry suitable for generating carrier and / or data carrying carrier signals; and / or by means of at least one coupling arrangement enabling arbitrary narrow or wide bandwidth bandwidth to be set up or generated by electromagnetic fields, and in connection - preferably with the transmitting station, or - in connection with another source of an electromagnetic carrier signal, or any differently constructed transmitting stations, at least one receiving station is present, which - has at least one receiving circuit by - a coupling arrangement with arbitrarily narrow or broadly designed bandwidth is coupled to the present at the receiving electromagnetic field or carrier signal, and thus wins an energy and / or data-carrying useful signal, - whereby - energy for at least partially powering the receiving station and / or - carrier signals with or without modulated data being obtained, - at least one resonator pair arrangement being located between the transmitting station and the receiving station, or - at least one resonator arrangement - in the vicinity, not necessarily directly at the receiving station or at its coupling device, and / or - in the vicinity , not necessarily directly at the transmitting station or at its coupling device. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the signal generated by a transmission circuit or that of a Coupling device coupled electromagnetic field a arbitrary time course and / or any spectral Composition can have. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that from the receiving station by means of a coupling device from the electromagnetic field coupled in place Signal an arbitrary time course and / or any spectral composition can have. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that resonator pairs of paired single resonators consist, with a resonator close to the transmitting station and the other resonator is located near the receiving station. Method according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized that wireless energy and / or data transmission simultaneously at several frequency points, at any frequency interval to each other, largely independent of each other. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the resonator frequencies be set at multiple resonator pairs so that this in a resonators just possible Frequency separability can be arbitrarily close to each other, or any distance from each other, and / or can be located anywhere within a channel. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that resonator frequencies be set at multiple resonator pairs so that these are represented in pairs by any numerical ratio so that these frequencies are an integer, have rational or real relationship to each other, or between them an integer multiple or an integer divider ratio consists. Method according to at least one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that from a transmitting station an electromagnetic field with arbitrary time course or with any spek traler composition is generated by superimposing a plurality of sub-signals, which are generated by a plurality of transmitting circuits and coupled by means of coupling arrangement in the transmission path. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the of multiple transmission circuits generated partial signals different Frequency ranges, different bandwidths and even individual May have frequencies. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the receiver side from the electromagnetic field by means of each receiving circuit assigned coupling unit multiple and largely independent Signals can be obtained from each other, which is a single Frequency or composed of several frequency components are or can consist of a complex frequency mixture. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that coupling units - For same or different frequency ranges or - For arbitrarily different bandwidths, resp. - For individual frequencies can be interpreted and in this Case can also be designed resonant. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that between at least one transmitting station and at least one receiving station at least one compound mediated by resonator pairs is produced is, with several compounds this freely combinable by the Resonatorpaare be set with the same frequency tuning. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that several Transmitting stations on at least one same or different Locations can be located or several receiving stations located in at least one of the same or different locations can. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the transmitting stations is intended for at least a receiving station energy for at least partially Supply via the electromagnetic field. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that signals of N frequencies are generated in a transmitting station by at least one transmission circuit, of which n ≤ N frequencies come to be emitted by means of n resonators, and of those in k Stations by m _k ≤ n resonators whose resonant frequencies is tuned to one of the n emitted frequencies, m _k frequencies are received, so that between the one transmitting and each of the k receiving stations each m _k connections exist on m _k different frequencies. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that N _η frequencies are generated by the transmitting circuits in stations transmitting _η , of which n _η ≤ N _η frequencies are emitted by means of n _η resonators, whereby n different frequencies in total come to emit, of which n resonators each m _k frequencies are received in k receiving stations by means of m _k ≤, so that between the η sending and which are in any local relation to each other the k-receiving stations, simple and / or multiple configured Connections can be set up in any combination. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that at least a frequency of at least one of the transmitting stations therefor is provided, at least one of the receiving station via the electromagnetic field with energy for at least one partially supply supply to the station. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that receiving stations only respond to signals and process them on one, on all, or on application-specific well-defined frequency points Have signal components. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that a Station both the characteristics of a transmitting station, as well as the Properties of a receiving station that has so - one such station as a transmitting station at least one transmission circuit with decoupling device for the coupling of the signals in the transmission path, as well as on the transmission coming Frequencies tuned resonators, and - one such station as the receiving station for the reception Resonators and at least one receiving circuit with coupling device has, with the signals from the transmission path for the receiving circuit are coupled out. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that a station both the characteristics of a transmitting station, as well as the properties a receiving station, multiple transmitting units and multiple Receiving units may include. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that at the same time a station transmitting and receiving operation the frequency interval the at least one for the broadcast and the at least one for the reception used carrier signal in pairs by a frequency difference value is determined, which results from the properties of the resonators. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the transmission of energy and data takes place repeatedly and on a plurality of frequencies, wherein at least one first frequency f ₁ of at least one transmitting station is used for energy transmission to at least one receiving station and at least one second frequency f _{2 is used} by at least one transmitting station for a data transmission to at least one receiving station. Method according to at least one or more of claims 1 to 22, for the extension of claim 22, characterized in that between at least one transmitting and at least one receiving stations - the transmission of energy from at least one end of energy to at least one station to be supplied with energy by means of at least one first carrier frequency f ₁ , and - a data transmission between at least one data transmitting end and at least one data receiving stations by means of at least a second carrier frequency f ₂ is carried out, and - by means of at least one third frequency f ₃ an additional function is provided. A method according to claim 22 and / or 23, characterized in that the connections made with different purpose, especially for energy or data transmission, between different stations at different frequencies and / or frequency bands, - at least a first frequency f ₁ high Energies are transmitted and transmitted and on an at least second frequency f ₂ a secure or undisturbed and / or long-range data transmission is realized, or - by using the existing at the various frequencies benefits or existing at certain frequencies disadvantages that affect Be avoided, or - whereby the supply of a station can be achieved by means of more than one transmitting station on the same or different frequencies, or - wherein the transmission Bandwidth is kept small on the energy transmitting carrier frequency, because a modulations caused by a spectral spreads can be avoided. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 24, characterized in that resonators by means of arbitrarily designed switching functions or switches on the transmitter side, Activated or deactivated on the receiving side or on both sides can. A method according to claim 25, characterized in that - a switch function is parallel to a resonator and so can inactivate this resonator by short circuit, or - a switch function produces a still missing for resonant circuit training compound and so a Re a resonator is always active, a second resonator is always inactive, or - a two-switcher circuit allows one of two resonators to be activated such that the switches always carry the signal must have the same position or at each unequal position of the switches are always inactive both resonators, or - a two-way changeover switch enables activation of a resonator such that each of the two switches on and off the resonator, each switch operation the just inactive resonator activated or inactivated the currently active resonator. Method according to claim 25 and / or 26, characterized that the activation, inactivation, caused by a switching function or switching of resonators depending on a defined condition occurs, which is due to any switching function or by the bit values of a data stream. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 27, characterized in that transmission connections between sending and receiving stations by activating and / or inactivate resonators can be designed switchable. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 28, characterized in that an activation, Inactivation or switching of resonators used on the receiving side is to change the frequency, phase change and / or Amplitude change in the transmission carrier signal or in the reception field, whereby information from the Receiving station can be returned to the transmitting station. Method according to claim 29, characterized in a receiving station, a receiving circuit by means of a dependent on a defined condition such as a data flow, Resonator activation, Resonatorinaktivierung, Resonatorumschaltung or load change a return of data to the transmitting station effected in the sense of a backscatter method. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 30, characterized in that a receiving circuit on all in the decoupled signal contained for them Frequency components in the sense of a backscatter method, a data return to the transmitting station effected by a broadband signal decoupling is used for the receiving circuit. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 30, characterized in that a receiving circuit to only one in the decoupled signal contained frequency in the sense a backscatter method, a data return to the transmitting station causes by a resonant signal extraction for the Reception circuit is used. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 32, characterized in that a receiving circuit only a passive nonlinear element, e.g. B. a diode or represents a transistor. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 33, characterized in that a receiving circuit as only passive or non-linear element activated by a switching functions can be. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 34, characterized in that by means of switchable resonator pairs or resonator-mediated connections, which is enabled or disabled depending on a switching state on the determination of existing or non-existent Connections Switching states are recorded and transmitted can be Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the sensory Recording of a device or operating status possible is Method according to at least one or more of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that a sensory detection of the position of operating or locking levers on a manually adjustable device is possible by using the control levers arbitrarily constructed, single or multiple switching functions in an operative connection with these Operating levers stand, with the switching functions in turn activate and / or inactivate resonators Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the the operating levers in an operative connection switching functions to activate and / or inactivate resonators reed contacts are and the actuating elements through with the control levers connected magnets are. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 35 to 38, characterized in that logical Links the switching functions are formed, which next to just a monitoring of controls logistic Handling order monitoring is possible. Method according to at least one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 39, characterized in that a transmission circuit generates non-harmonic, periodic signals and that the structure of the electromagnetic field by a signal containing harmonics with the fundamental frequency f ₀ and with integer derived from the fundamental frequency frequency components contains different proportions, of which all, a subset or even a single frequency component can be used by appropriately tuned resonator pairs for energy and / or data transmission. Method according to claim 40, characterized in that that of the frequency components at least one, preferably the Frequency component, which is the largest part of energy Contributed to the signal is used for energy transfer. Method for energy and / or data transmission and use of suitable signals according to claim 40 and / or 41, characterized in that for excitation of an electromagnetic field, a transmission circuit generates a PWM signal, wherein preferably the f ₀ -Grundfrequenzanteil is used for energy transmission. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 42, characterized in that the structure an electromagnetic field or a field component a PWM square wave signal generated by a transmission circuit takes place, where the PWM ratio is defined between PWM = 0.5 and one Deviating value changed with PWM = 0.5 ± δ and also the frequencies contained in the PWM signal are designed switchable by means of switchable resonator pairs, causing the amplitudes and the phase angles to all in this PWM signal contained frequency components in terms of modulation, preferred for ASK and PSK modulation (amplitude shift Keying, phase shift keying), whereby partly independently and partly simultaneously on different frequencies general amplitude modulation, ASK modulation and PSK modulation combined for data transmission can be used. The method of claim 42 and / or 43, characterized in that using PWM signals - an ASK modulation can be emulated - on all frequencies by Resonatoraktivierung / inactivation - on all even-numbered frequencies 2f ₀ , 4f ₀ , ..., etc. by switching the PWM ratio between PWM = 0.5 and PWM = 0.5 ± δ, - a PSK modulation can be replicated - on all frequencies by switching between PWM = 0.5, PWM = 0.5 - δ and / or PWM = 0.5 + δ, - on all frequencies by a general variation of the PWM ratio. Method according to at least one or both of the claims 40 to 44, characterized in that for the phase modulation of all Frequency components switching between PWM = 0.5 + δ and PWM = 0.5 - δ by inverting for excitation an electromagnetic field generated PWM signal occurs. Method for energy and / or data transmission and use thereof suitable signals according to claim 45, characterized that switching between PWM = 0.5 + δ and PWM = 0.5 - δ by inverting the generated PWM signal by means of a software control or done by microcontroller program. Method for energy and / or data transmission and use of suitable signals according to An Claim 45 and / or 46, characterized in that the switching between PWM = 0.5 + δ and PWM = 0.5 - δ by inverting the generated PWM signal by an XOR function or a single XOR gate takes place, wherein on one input the data to be transmitted are placed, and on the second input the generated PWM signal. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 40 to 47, characterized in that a f ₀ component of a PWM signal used for energy transmission is simultaneously used for data transmissions, preferably using phase modulation for broadcast transmissions to all receivers present in the respective coverage area , Arrangement according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 48, characterized in that - transmitting stations, Possibly. with the exception of supplies for other stations, high-energy carrier signals emitting stations, the in terms of energy transfer needed, additional effort of one only Can distinguish data transmitting station, and - receiving stations, Possibly. except one over the electromagnetic field stations to be supplied, which are in relation to their own Energy supply, d. H. for energy transfer or additional energy required for energy reception Can distinguish effort from data-receiving station only, - With all used resonators a standardized structure to have Arrangement according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 49, characterized in that resonators preferably consist of passive LC resonant circuits, either no galvanic contact to other circuits or circuit parts have or only connections to switches or Have switching functions that enable to activate, inactivate or Switching serve. Arrangement according to at least one or more of claims 1 to 50, characterized in that by using a PWM signal for exciting an electromagnetic field - the f ₀ portion of the PWM signal - for energy transmission and - at the same time using a phase modulation for broadcast Transmissions to all receivers present in the respective detection range is used - the 2 * f ₀ = f ₁ component of the PWM signal - using a phase modulation by switching the PWM ratio between PWM = 0.5 and PWM = 0.5 ± δ, or - using resonator activation and deactivations for ASK modulation, - the 3 · f ₀ = f ₂ portion of the PWM signal - using resonator activation and inactivations for data transfers with ASK modulation on one second data channel is used. Method according to at least one or more of Claims 1 to 51, characterized in that any, even if harmonic signals can not be transmitted, by all or at least the essential ones involved in a signal Frequency components separated by means of suitable resonator pair arrangements and independently transmitted and receiver side be reassembled to the output signal. Arrangements for at least one or more of Claims 1 to 52, characterized in that resonators preferably consist of simple, compact LC resonant circuits, which are discretely constructed or made of printed or etched, consist of planar coil and capacitor structures.