DE102007053741A1 - Electronic closing system for operating e.g. lock, of door, has adjusting element displaceable from inactive position to active position and vice-versa, where actuators of element are displaced and formed from memory-metal - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has control electronics, a set of actuators (1, 8), and an adjusting element (5) displaceable from an inactive position (3) to an active position (4) and vice-versa. A coupler unit is switched from the inactive position to the active position and from an override state to a coupler state. A lock is operated and not operated in the coupling state and the overriding state of the coupler unit, respectively. The actuators of the adjusting element are displaced in the system and manufactured from memory-metal.

Description

The The invention relates to an electronic locking system for actuating Locks and / or Latch and / or latch elements, in particular for use on doors. Over a Handle on the outside of the door, often in the form of a knob, the lock or bolt and / or Trap actuated. Over a Input or reading unit can Permissions are entered. An electronic control unit checks entered Permissions, whether they are valid are stored. If an entry is evaluated as valid, the Control electronics an actuator. An actuator can by the actuator be moved from a rest position to an activated position. About the Actuator is driven either a coupling or a blocking unit.

So long the actuator is in its rest position, is the coupling unit in their free-wheeling condition. The handle turns freely and the lock can not be operated become. If the actuator from the actuator in its activated position shifted, thereby the coupling unit is converted into its coupling state: in this is the handle of the locking system directly or indirectly connected to the lock. By turning the Handle can thus be operated the lock. Once the actuator back to its resting position is shifted, the handle goes back into free-running.

Has the locking system instead of a coupling unit via a locking device, the handle is directly or indirectly with the Lock connected. In the idle state of the actuator is located the locking unit in its locked state, in which the handle the locking system is not turned can be. If the actuator is activated by the actuator in its State, the lockout unit goes into a release state, in the handle can be freely rotated. Thus, the lock can operated in this state become. Once the actuator shifts back to its rest position is, the closing system is against again Turn locked.

such electronic locking systems are known from the prior art. In the prior art solutions are with various actuators known: as actuators are solenoids, electric Rotary motors and piezo motors described.

solenoid have the principal disadvantage that they are in the activated state constantly Draw electricity. Electronic locking systems are common battery-powered. That's why closing systems are allowed do not stay in the activated state with the solenoid for a long time, otherwise their battery would be emptied too fast. Consequently can lock systems with solenoid not with the optional feature Permanent access " become. Furthermore needed a solution with solenoid a certain size, which a desirable miniaturization difficult to realize.

Becomes an electric rotary motor is used as an actuator in the closing system, let yourself the feature "optional Permanent access "without any problems realize. Chooses If you have a small engine, it can even save space in the shaft a lock cylinder to be ordered. The disadvantage, however, is that the engine too its operation requires a current of about 250 mA. This requires the use relatively large Batteries. When arranging the battery in the knob prevents the Size of the battery the realization of a small design of the rotary knob. This would only be at Use of small button cells possible. However, such button cells only provide a continuous current of max. 50mA.

With a current of 50 mA could Piezomotors are operated, the recently already in miniaturized Be offered on the market. They are good for the application in the lock cylinder, in which the space is limited and the moving mass is low. They allow high speed of movement, compact design and high Actuating and holding forces in relation to to the size. When However, a major disadvantage is the currently still relatively high price to lead. Compared with electric rotary motors is currently shopping about twenty times the price to pay, which is in the calculation of electronic Locking systems for the Mass market is difficult to justify.

The The object of the invention is an electronic locking system to introduce, in which a miniature actuator is used, which can be operated with button cells and its production costs in the order of magnitude of one euro.

The object of the invention is achieved in that the actuator displacing the actuator is constructed of memory metal that the actuator works according to the two-way memory effect and that the shape change effect of the actuator can be brought about by application of electrical current. Memory metals or shape memory alloys are characterized by the fact that they are subjected to shape change effects when heated. The shape transformation is based on the temperature-dependent lattice transformation of two different crystal structures of the material. There is the austenite called high temperature phase and the martensite called low temperature phase. Both can merge into each other due to temperature changes. To initiate the phase transformation, the parameters temperature or electric current are equivalent. The transformation can therefore be both thermal as well as caused by electric current.

Memory metals can size personnel without noticeable fatigue transmitted in several 100 000 cycles of motion. They are impressive her compared to other Aktor materials very large specific work capacity (= ratio of work done on material volume). When memory effect can be distinguished between the one-way and the two-way effect. The one-way effect is characterized in that after the change in shape during heating no further change in shape during cooling occurs. So this mechanism is for Applications in the field of actuators (= actuators) unsuitable. In contrast, the two-way effect also indicates a shape return Cooling the Memory metal component on. One can this shape return the component either impose on the outside by a mechanical energy store (= "extrinsic Two-way ") or the component by thermomechanical treatment cycles as long train until it's an intrinsic Two-way effect "has. In practice, it has been found to be better, the shape return mechanically from the outside to force - so the "extrinsic Two-way effect "too use.

One Actuator made of memory metal can be realized in miniaturized design and be operated with a current of 30 mA. This can be one Actuator in miniature design particularly advantageous in electronic lock cylinders can be used, which are equipped only with button cells. Such electronic lock cylinder should preferably be considered in this document. As well as the for one Actuator needed Memory wire for less than 0.50 EUR is available on the market, all conditions complied with as necessary to fulfillment the object of the invention have been described.

In the claims 1 and 2 are two independent solution principles for electronic Locking systems shown, but which use the same characteristic elements.

in the Claim 1 is a locking system described that about has a coupling unit, by displacing the actuator from a freewheeling state be converted into a coupling state can, wherein the external actuator of the Closing system in the freewheeling state of the coupling unit rotates freely and in the coupling state the coupling unit directly or indirectly coupled to the lock is. The memory metal actuator can displace the actuator.

in the Claim 2 is a locking system described that about has an actuator, which moves from a rest position to an activated position back and forth can be and the over has a blocking unit, by shifting the actuator from a locked state into be transferred to a release state can, wherein the external actuator of the closing system in the locked state of the locking unit can not be rotated and in Release state of the lock unit can press the lock. Also in this Execution can the actuator made of memory metal shift the actuator accordingly.

in the Claim 3 is shown advantageous that for the relocation the actuator required shape change effect of the actuator is brought about by application of electrical current. Should the electronic locking system actuated his actuator must be activated from his resting position into his Be relocated position. The displacement of the actuator is by the shape change effect of Actuator induced, as soon as this through the control electronics with electric current is charged. The current causes a targeted heating of the Component, which triggers the shape change effect.

• 1. Massive Erhöhung der Zahl der mit einer Batterie möglichen Öffnungszyklen: ein Öffnungszyklus des Schließ-Systems benötigt nur zwei Kurzbestromungen mit 30 mA für insgesamt 100 ms. Am Markt verfügbare Lithium-Knopfzellen bieten ca. 600 mAh. Somit können mit einer solchen Knopfzelle mindestens 200 000 Öffnungszyklen gefahren werden. Dies ist besonders beachtenswert, wenn man in Rechnung stellt, dass aktuell am Markt angebotene elektronische Schließzylinder ca. 30 000 bis 50 000 Öffnungszyklen mit einer Batterie bieten. Darüber hinaus wäre es durchaus möglich, in einem Schließzylinder mit Memorymetall-Aktor eine zweite Knopfzelle parallel zur ersten anzuordnen und damit die Zahl der möglichen Öffnungszyklen zu verdoppeln. Bei einer Höhe der Knopfzelle von nur 5 mm wäre der Innenknopf immer noch deutlich kürzer als heute übliche Innenknöpfe mit relativ langen CR2-Batterien.
• 2. Deutliche Längenverkürzung des Innendrehknopfs Bei den heute üblichen Schließzylindern wird die Batterie gewöhnlich im Innen drehknopf angeordnet. Bei üblicher Batterielänge von 27 mm ergeben sich Innendrehknöpfe mit üblicherweise 40 bis 45 mm Länge. Bei Schließzylindern mit Memorymetall-Aktor genügt eine Knopfzelle mit 5 mm Höhe und einem Durchmesser von 24,5 mm. Da die Knopfzelle quer in einem Innendrehknopf mit 30 mm Durchmesser angeordnet werden kann, ist eine massive Verkürzung des Drehknopfs auf 30 mm Länge leicht zu realisieren, was einen großen ästhetischen Vorteil bringt.

In claim 4 it is shown that the actuator between its rest position and its activated position can be moved back and forth that the actuator itself or by an intermediate actuator and actuator mechanical switching element is designed bistable and that each activation of the actuator displacement of the actuator from its one stable position to its other stable position. If the actuator is thus displaced from its rest position into its activated position by an activation of the actuator, it remains stable in this position after reaching the activated position without any further action on the part of the actuator. This has the advantage that the actuator only has to be supplied with current for a short time: in the customary memory metal wires, an energization time of 50 ms is sufficient. Even after completion of the brief energization, the actuator remains in its activated position. As long as the actuator remains in its activated position, the lock can be operated via the locking system. Only a renewed brief energization of the actuator causes the actuator moves the actuator from its activated position back to its rest position. Now the lock can not be operated anymore. Compared with the prior art, the solution presented offers two major advantages:

• 1. Massive increase in the number of possible opening cycles with a battery: one opening cycle of the closing system requires only two short-time energizations of 30 mA for a total of 100 ms. Available on the market lithium button cells offer about 600 mAh. Thus, with such a button cell at least 200 000 opening cycles can be driven. This is especially noteworthy if one takes into account that currently offered on the market electronic locking cylinder offer about 30 000 to 50 000 opening cycles with a battery. In addition, it would be quite possible to arrange a second button cell parallel to the first in a lock cylinder with memory metal actuator and thus to double the number of possible opening cycles. At a height of the button cell of only 5 mm, the inner knob would still be much shorter than today's standard inner buttons with relatively long CR2 batteries.
• 2. Significant length reduction of the inner knob In the usual today lock cylinders, the battery is usually arranged in the inner knob. The usual battery length of 27 mm results in internal knobs, usually 40 to 45 mm in length. For lock cylinders with a memory metal actuator, a button cell with a height of 5 mm and a diameter of 24.5 mm is sufficient. Since the button cell can be arranged transversely in an inner knob with 30 mm diameter, a massive shortening of the knob to 30 mm in length is easy to implement, which brings a great aesthetic advantage.

When Disadvantage of the system characterized in claim 4 is to mention that the system never knows for sure in which position the actuator is located. It is true that System possible, to count the number of activations of the actor, thereby to the respective To be able to conclude the position of the actuator. This succeeds only if the position at the start activation is clearly defined. The problem is solved most safely, though a sensor one of the two possible Detects positions and reports to the control electronics.

The in claim 5 illustrated solution is characterized in that the actuator against a return spring be moved from its rest position to its activated position can that any activation of the actuator this displacement of the actuator from its rest position to its activated position and that on return of the actuator in its original Shape the return spring returns the actuator to its rest position. This solution has the advantage that the actuator is only the displacement in one direction must effect and that the displacement in the opposite direction mechanically from the return spring is effected. Thus halves the number of required supplies and thus doubles the number of possible opening cycles with a battery. At the same time increased the life of the actuator, as it is per opening cycle is energized only once again.

One Disadvantage of this solution is, however, that no optional permanent access is possible, because the system automatically returns to its idle state.

One Another serious disadvantage of characterized in claim 5 solution is that the actuator by the return spring much too fast moved back to its rest position becomes. It will only stay in its activated position for a very short time. Because the castle only during activated phase This short time will not be enough to make sure of it whole operation of the Lock to allow. Therefore, the measure indicated in claim 6 is required to enough time for a secure lock operation too win.

The Measures described in claim 7 are characterized in that a second actuator on the actuator can act and that the second actor in the opposite direction to the first Actuator acts on the actuator, so that at the same time thermal Actuation of both actuators, the resulting shape change effects both actuators in their effect on the actuator each other To block. These measures Advantageously, eliminate a big one Danger of manipulation of a system with memory metal actuator. In normal operation becomes the shape change effect of the actuator triggered by applied electric current. Of the Deformation effect but can also be triggered directly by heating. Such a warming can be manipulated intentionally from the outside of the door into the system become. That could be it possible be, by warming from the outside a lock operation to reach. Such a risk of manipulation must be safely excluded become.

This happens by arranging a second actuator in the opposite direction acts to the first actor. Is now from the outside of the door, the system in warmed up with manipulative intent, heat both actuators simultaneously. Thus, both actuators are simultaneously activated. Because they work in the opposite direction, they block each other and there is no displacement of the actuator.

The measures characterized in claim 8 describe a second advantageous possibility to exclude the aforementioned risk of manipulation by external heating. It may be difficult in practice to ensure the simultaneous activation of the two actuators described in claim 7. This problem can be solved by arranging one of the two actuators in such a way that, when activated, it prevents a displacement of the actuator into its activated position. In addition, this actuator is deliberately dimensioned so that it is activated when heated from the outside of the door ago in terms of time safely before the second actuator. This arrangement has the advantageous effect of manipulation safely excluded by external heating.

The Arrangement according to claim 9 is characterized in that the actuator between his Rest position and its activated position shifted back and forth can be that two actuators are present, that the actuator itself or by an intermediary between actuator and actuator mechanical switching element is designed bistable, that any activation the first actuator, a displacement of the actuator from its rest position into its activated position and that every activation of the second actuator a displacement of the actuator from its activated Position in its rest position causes. This arrangement is similar to the arrangement of claim 4. Deviating from the solution shown there but here two actuators used, with the first actuator only one Displacement of the actuator from the rest position to the activated one Position causes while the second actor exclusively causes a displacement of the actuator in the opposite direction.

• 1. Massive Erhöhung der Zahl der mit einer Batterie möglichen Öffnungszyklen: ein Öffnungszyklus des Schließ-Systems benötigt nur zwei Kurzbestromungen mit 30 mA für insgesamt 100 ms. Am Markt verfügbare Lithium-Knopfzellen bieten ca. 600 mAh. Somit können mit einer solchen Knopfzelle mindestens 200 000 Öffnungszyklen gefahren werden. Dies ist besonders beachtenswert, wenn man in Rechnung stellt, dass aktuell am Markt angebotene elektronische Schließzylinder ca. 30 000 bis 50 000 Öffnungszyklen mit einer Batterie bieten. Darüber hinaus wäre es durchaus möglich, in einem Schließzylinder mit Memorymetall-Aktor eine zweite Knopfzelle parallel zur ersten anzuordnen und damit die Zahl der möglichen Öffnungszyklen zu verdoppeln. Bei einer Höhe der Knopfzelle von nur 5 mm wäre der Innenknopf immer noch deutlich kürzer als heute übliche Innenknöpfe mit relativ langen CR2-Batterien.
• 2. Deutliche Längenverkürzung des Innendrehknopfs Bei den heute üblichen Schließzylindern wird die Batterie gewöhnlich im Innendrehknopf angeordnet. Bei üblicher Batterielänge von 27 mm ergeben sich Innendrehknöpfe mit üblicherweise 40 bis 45 mm Länge. Bei Schließzylindern mit Memorymetall-Aktor genügt eine Knopfzelle mit 5 mm Höhe und einem Durchmesser von 24,5 mm. Da die Knopfzelle quer in einem Innendrehknopf mit 30 mm Durchmesser angeordnet werden kann, ist eine massive Verkürzung des Drehknopfs auf 30 mm Länge leicht zu realisieren, was einen großen ästhetischen Vorteil bringt.

Compared with the prior art, the solution presented offers two major advantages:

• 1. Massive increase in the number of possible opening cycles with a battery: one opening cycle of the closing system requires only two short-time energizations of 30 mA for a total of 100 ms. Available on the market lithium button cells offer about 600 mAh. Thus, with such a button cell at least 200 000 opening cycles can be driven. This is particularly noteworthy, bearing in mind that electronic locking cylinders currently offered on the market offer approximately 30,000 to 50,000 opening cycles with one battery. In addition, it would be quite possible to arrange a second button cell parallel to the first in a lock cylinder with memory metal actuator and thus to double the number of possible opening cycles. At a height of the button cell of only 5 mm, the inner knob would still be much shorter than today's standard inner buttons with relatively long CR2 batteries.
• 2. Significant shortening of the length of the inside knob With today's standard locking cylinders, the battery is usually placed inside the knob. The usual battery length of 27 mm results in internal knobs, usually 40 to 45 mm in length. For lock cylinders with a memory metal actuator, a coin cell with a height of 5 mm and a diameter of 24.5 mm is sufficient. Since the button cell can be arranged transversely in an inner knob with 30 mm diameter, a massive shortening of the knob to 30 mm in length is easy to implement, which brings a great aesthetic advantage.

The in the claims 7 and 8 can achieve benefits used here as well.

By the arrangement of a second actuator results in the possibility for every the two displacement directions of the actuator only one actuator at a time to use: an actuator only activates the system, the second actuator causes only the deactivation of the System. In contrast to the arrangement of claim 4, the system in this arrangement according to claim 9 never know in which position the actuator is currently located, because each of the two actuators only one shift in a defined Can effect direction. Thus, no sensor is detected required by the actuator just taken position. simultaneously elevated the life of the actuators, since each actuator opening cycle only must be energized again.

One Disadvantage of this arrangement compared with the solution according to claim 4 is, of course, that two actuators must be used. On the other hand, it has to be considered that the second actuator is already needed in practice to avoid the potential for manipulation with measures according to claim To prevent 7 or 8. In that sense, it only makes sense, the second Actor then immediately with the measures according to claim 9 with use. Thus, an arrangement according to claim 9 in practice probably the arrangement of choice.

The characterized in claim 10 measures show how an actuator Easily bistable by a mechanical latching arrangement accomplished can be. As a result, the actuator remains after the relocation stable in the respectively occupied position and can only by a renewed activation of one or the other actuator in the each other position to be relocated. Thus, the actuator for unlimited Time period remain in its activated position, without electricity flows. While This time the door lock can over the Closing system actuated become. Thus, these measures allow to permanently switch on the system for any length of time. Also offer these measures the possibility, to incorporate a voting function in the system that allows the user allows the duration of the coupling according to his personal Need to choose.

The measures characterized in claim 11 describe a coupling arrangement in a lock cylinder, in which advantageously a first shaft is coupled to a second shaft by radial displacement of a driving element, wherein the displacement of the driving element in turn activated by a displacement of the actuator from its rest position into its Position is effected. It is particularly advantageous solved in this arrangement that the displacement of the driving element takes place in the radial direction. For axial displacement of the driving element would namely namely a serious disadvantage: by acting on the outer handle of the lock cylinder with a percussion drill, the entire spring-mass system of the coupling unit could be set in vibrations in the axial direction, which could ultimately lead to the driving element uncontrollably engages in its driving position. This possibility of manipulation is reliably prevented by the radial displacement arrangement of the driving element.

By the measures indicated in claim 12 remain the actuator after being transferred to its activated position stable in this position and can only by reactivating the Reset actuator back to its resting position be relocated. Thus, the actuator can indefinitely in remain in its activated position without current flowing. During this time can the door lock over the Lock cylinder are actuated. Thus, these measures allow The system can be switched on permanently for a long time. Also offer these measures the possibility, to incorporate a voting function in the system that allows the user allows the duration of the coupling according to his personal Need to choose.

at the solution presented in claim 13 is directed to that the entrainment between a freewheeling position and a Carrying position can be moved radially and in his driving position engages in a recess of the second shaft. This radially displaceable Arrangement of the driving element has the advantage that the actuator applied work for moving the entrainment element in both Shifting directions can be stored in springs between which are aligned radially acting. The described arrangement causes in an advantageous manner that both springs in a simple manner only have to act on pressure. Due to the radial alignment of the springs they are against in axial Direction acting on the outer handle with a percussion drill insensitive and can so not be manipulated that way.

The Measures described in claim 14 ensure, that from the actuator to the radial displacement of the driving element from his freewheel position in his driving position applied work is cached in a spring, if the entrainment element because of the rotational position of the two shafts to each other not immediately engage in his driving position can. This spring can advantageously be a simple compression spring be. It is arranged in the radial direction and is therefore against the acting in the axial direction of impact with a percussion drill insensitive.

The described in claim 15 measures ensure, that from the reset actuator to the radial Displacement of the driving element from its driving position in his freewheeling job applied in another pen is cached if the entrainment element because of the rotational position the two waves to each other not immediately from his driving position move out can. This spring is advantageously also a simple Spring. This spring is arranged in the radial direction and is therefore against the acting in the axial direction with a blow driller just as insensitive.

The characterized in claim 16 arrangement of the actuators in the shaft a lock cylinder is advantageous space-saving. Given the small size of the actuators this arrangement will be easily possible.

The characterized in claim 17 measures effect in an advantageous manner Way that doubles the forces exerted by parallel actuators become.

The characterized in claim 18 measures describe the simplest execution of memory metal actuators in the form of a wire.

The in claim 19 described measures are characterized in that the actuators constructed of memory wire are, wherein the memory wire in its course once or several times is diverted. It should be noted that with a memory wire Deformation effect can be generated, which corresponds to about 4% of the total length of the wire. Depending on the required Displacement path of the actuator will have a corresponding total length of the Memory wire needed. Because the available in the shaft of a lock cylinder overall length is limited, it is advantageous, the memory wire once or several times to deflect, thereby increasing the overall length of the To realize wire.

The described in claim 20 measures are characterized in that the actuators are not made of a memory wire, but are built from a memory spring. This measure has - compared with the use of a memory wire - the advantage that within one available standing total length used much more wire length can be, because the design in spring form much more wire length per unit length can be realized.

The measures described in claim 21 are characterized in that the actuators by means of clamping sleeves with other system parts get connected. The actuators must be connected on the one hand to the control electronics and on the other hand to the actuator. Since memory metal can not be soldered, other ways of connecting to other parts of the system must be used. An advantageous type of connection can be realized by means of clamping sleeves.

In addition to the possibilities mentioned in claim 21 the connection with other system parts is characterized by the 22 marked measure the connection through conductive Glue represented a further advantageous variant of the connection.

Some embodiments The invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

1 : Memory metal actuators with bistable actuator, shown in two possible positions in a sectional side view.

2 : Memory metal actuators with deflection, with bistable actuator, shown in two possible positions in a sectional side view.

3 : Two shafts with coupling unit, actuator and memory metal actuators in sectional side view and cut top view.

1 shows two memory metal actuators with bistable actuator, shown in two possible positions in a sectional side view, wherein in 1a the actuator in its rest position and in 1b is in its activated position.

The actuator ( 5 ) is pivotable about its pivot point ( 33 ) and can be moved between its rest position ( 3 ) and its activated position ( 4 ) are shifted back and forth. In the actuator ( 5 ) is a locking element ( 9 ) in the form of a ball against the force of a spring ( 10 ) arranged insertable. In the housing ( 35 ) are - the actuator ( 5 ) Opposite - in rest position ( 3 ) and in activated position ( 4 ) Bulges in which the locking element ( 9 ) by the force of the spring ( 10 ) can engage as soon as the actuator ( 5 ) reached the respective position in the course of its relocation.

The two memory metal actuators ( 1 ) and ( 8th ) are made of memory wire ( 27 ) built up. The actor ( 1 ) is moved to position ( 1 ) and is in position ( 31 ) tensile strength with the actuator ( 5 ) connected. The actor ( 8th ) is moved to position ( 8th ) and is in position ( 32 ) tensile strength with the actuator ( 5 ) connected. The energization is controlled by an unillustrated control electronics. An actuator made of memory wire can be operated with a current of 30 mA, whereby one activation time of 50 ms suffices per activation of an actuator.

The system is designed in accordance with the "extrinsic two-way effect." The two memory metal actuators ( 1 ) and ( 8th ) work against each other and are activated alternately. By the adjusting movement during the energizing of the actuator ( 1 ) is simultaneously the necessary mechanical work for shape return at the other actuator ( 8th ). Is the actuator ( 8th ) energized later in his turn, he performs at the same time the mechanical work to form return of the actor ( 1 ).

In 1a is the actuator ( 5 ) in its rest position ( 3 ). Is the actuator ( 1 ) briefly energized for 50 ms, it shortens its length by about 4% and thereby pulls the actuator ( 5 ) from its rest position ( 3 ) to its activated position ( 4 ). By this adjusting movement is simultaneously the shape return of the actuator ( 8th ) to its original length. When leaving the rest position ( 3 ), the locking element ( 9 ) against the spring ( 10 ) in the actuator ( 5 ) inserted. If the actuator reaches ( 5 ) its activated position ( 4 ), the locking element ( 9 ) driven by the force of the spring ( 10 ) in the bulge of the activated position ( 4 ) and thus the actuator ( 5 ) stable in this activated position ( 4 ) hold.

In 1b is the actuator ( 5 ) in its activated position ( 4 ). If the reset actuator ( 8th ) momentarily energized, it shortens its length and thereby pulls the actuator ( 5 ) from its activated position ( 4 ) back to its resting position ( 3 ). By this adjusting movement is simultaneously the shape return of the actuator ( 1 ) to its original length. When leaving the activated position ( 4 ), the locking element ( 9 ) against the spring ( 10 ) in the actuator ( 5 ) inserted. If the actuator reaches ( 5 ) his resting position ( 3 ), the locking element ( 9 ) driven by the force of the spring ( 10 ) in the bulge of the position ( 3 ) and thus the actuator ( 5 ) stable in this position ( 3 ) hold.

It is important that both actuators ( 1 ) and ( 8th ) in the opposite direction to the actuator ( 5 ) act, so that with simultaneous thermal loading of both actuators, the resulting shape change effects of both actuators in their effect on the actuator ( 5 ) Block each other. This arrangement advantageously eliminates a large risk of manipulation of a system with memory metal actuator. In normal operation, the shape change effect of the actuator is triggered by applied electric current. The shape change effect can also be triggered directly by heating. Such heating may be introduced into the system from the outside of the door in a manipulative manner. This could make it possible by heating to reach from the outside a lock operation. Such a risk of manipulation is safely excluded by the arrangement of the two actuators in the opposite direction. If the system is heated from the outside of the door in a manipulative intent, both actuators will heat up simultaneously. Thus, both actuators are activated simultaneously. Since they act in the opposite direction, they block each other and there is no displacement of the actuator ( 5 ).

2 shows two memory metal actuators double deflection, with bistable actuator, shown in two possible positions in a sectional side view, wherein in 2a the actuator in its rest position and in 2 B is in its activated position.

In contrast to 1 are in 2 the memory wires ( 27a ) of the actuators ( 1 ) and ( 8th ) by two deflections ( 34 ) redirected. Through this double deflection stands in 2 compared to 1 for each actor a much longer memory wire ( 27a ) to disposal. All other system components and procedures correspond to the description of 1 , With a memory wire, a shape change effect can be generated, which corresponds to about 4% of the total length of the wire. Depending on the required displacement of the actuator a corresponding total length of the memory wire is needed. Since the total available in the shaft of a lock cylinder total length is limited, it is advantageous to deflect the memory wire once or several times to thereby - within the same length of the shaft of the lock cylinder - a greater total length of the memory wire and thus a larger displacement path of the actuator ( 5 ) to realize.

3 shows two shafts with coupling unit, actuator and memory metal actuators in a sectional side view and in a sectional plan view, wherein 3a the actuator in its rest position and in 3b is in its activated position.

The system is designed in accordance with the "extrinsic two-way effect." The two memory metal actuators ( 17 ) and ( 19 ) work against each other and are activated alternately. By the adjusting movement during the energizing of the actuator ( 17 ) is simultaneously the necessary mechanical work for shape return at the other actuator ( 19 ). Is the actuator ( 19 ) energized later in his turn, he performs at the same time the mechanical work to form return of the actor ( 17 ).

In 3a is the actuator ( 14 ) in its resting position. Is the actuator ( 17 ) briefly energized for 50 ms, it shortens its length by about 4% and thereby pulls the actuator ( 14 ) from its rest position to its activated position. By this adjusting movement is simultaneously the shape return of the actuator ( 19 ) to its original length. As long as the actuator ( 14 ) is not in its activated position, a locking element ( 36 ) against a spring ( 37 ) inserted. If the actuator reaches ( 14 ) its activated position, the locking element ( 36 ) driven by the force of the spring ( 37 ) in the bulge ( 21 ) and thus the actuator ( 14 ) Stable in this activated position.

In 3b is the actuator ( 14 ) in its activated position. If the reset actuator ( 19 ) momentarily energized, it shortens its length and thereby pulls the actuator ( 14 ) from its activated position back to its resting position. By this adjusting movement is simultaneously the shape return of the actuator ( 17 ) to its original length. When leaving the activated position, the locking element ( 36 ) against the spring ( 37 ) inserted.

The in 3 Not shown cylinder body is shaped like a conventional mechanical lock cylinder and is intended to be used instead of a mechanical lock cylinder in mortise locks of doors. In the cylinder body is rotatable bar the first wave ( 11 ), which extends from the outside of the door to the inside of the door. At the outside of the door, an external handle is non-rotatably attached to the first shaft ( 11 ). The second wave ( 12 ) is also rotatably mounted in the cylinder body. On the inside of the door, an inner handle is rotationally fixed to the second shaft ( 12 ), The second wave ( 12 ) is rotatably connected to the closing cam of the lock cylinder, so that with rotation of the second shaft from the inside of the door on the closing cam always a direct lock operation is possible.

First wave ( 11 ) and second wave ( 12 ) are independently rotatable. In the first wave ( 11 ) is a driving element ( 13 ) in a cylindrical part ( 22 ) stored in a bore ( 23 ) one in the first wave ( 11 ) inserted part ( 24 ) is mounted radially displaceable. By radial displacement of the cylindrical part ( 22 ), the entrainment element ( 13 ) are radially displaced between a freewheeling position and a driving position. In its entrainment position, the entrainment element ( 13 ) in recesses ( 38 ) of the second wave ( 12 ) one.

If the actuator ( 14 ) by activation of the actuator ( 17 ) moves from its rest position to its activated position, it hits with its front area ( 39 ) on the cylindrical part ( 22 ) and moves it radially towards the shaft ( 12 ). Due to this radial displacement of the cylindrical part ( 22 ) can the entrainment element ( 13 ) in a recess ( 38 ) of the second wave ( 12 ) - so in his driving position. Can the driving part ( 13 ) because of the current rotational position of the two shafts to each other not immediately in a recess ( 38 ), the actuator ( 17 ) for displacing the cylindrical part ( 22 ) applied work in a spring ( 25 ) until after further rotation of the first shaft ( 11 ) the entrainment element ( 13 ) can engage in its driving position. Thus, it comes then to take the second wave ( 12 ) through the first wave ( 11 ) and thus to a lock operation when turning the door outside handle.

Once the actuator ( 14 ) by activation of the actuator ( 19 ) is moved back to its rest position, the spring ( 26 ) the cylindrical part ( 22 ) back to its original position, whereby the entrainment element ( 13 ) is moved back from his driving position back to his freewheeling position. Can the entrainment element ( 13 ) does not immediately move out of its driving position because it is trapped, the restoring force in the spring ( 26 ) until the relocation becomes possible. It is important that the entrainment element ( 13 ) is put back under all circumstances, as soon as the return displacement is possible, since otherwise the lock cylinder are in its coupled position and thus would continue to be operated in an undesirable manner.

• 1. Massive Erhöhung der Zahl der mit einer Batterie möglichen Öffnungszyklen: ein Öffnungszyklus des Schließzylinders benötigt nur zwei Kurzbestromungen mit 30 mA für je 50 ms. Am Markt verfügbare Lithium-Knopfzellen bieten ca. 600 mAh. Somit können mit einer solchen Knopfzelle mindestens 200 000 Öffnungszyklen gefahren werden. Dies ist besonders beachtenswert, wenn man in Rechnung stellt, dass aktuell am Markt angebotene elektronische Schließzylinder ca. 30 000 bis 50 000 Öffnungszyklen mit einer Batterie bieten. Darüber hinaus wäre es durchaus möglich, in einem Schließzylinder mit Memorymetall-Aktoren eine zweite Knopfzelle parallel zur ersten anzuordnen und damit die Zahl der möglichen Öffnungszyklen zu verdoppeln.
• 2. Deutliche Längenverkürzung des Innendrehknopfs Bei den heute üblichen Schließzylindern wird die Batterie gewöhnlich im Innendrehknopf angeordnet. Bei einer Batterielänge von 27 mm der üblichen CR2 Lithium-Batterien ergeben sich Innendrehknöpfe mit üblicherweise 40 bis 45 mm Länge. Bei Schließzylindern mit Memorymetall-Aktor genügt eine Knopfzelle mit 5 mm Höhe und einem Durchmesser von 24,5 mm. Da die Knopfzelle quer in einem Innendrehknopf mit 30 mm Durchmesser angeordnet werden kann, ist eine massive Verkürzung des Drehknopfs auf 30 mm Länge leicht zu realisieren, was einen großen ästhetischen Vorteil bringt.

Compared with conventional solutions electronic lock cylinder offers the in 3 presented solution with two memory metal actuators two notable advantages:

• 1. Massive increase in the number of possible opening cycles with a battery: an opening cycle of the lock cylinder requires only two short energizations with 30 mA for every 50 ms. Available on the market lithium button cells offer about 600 mAh. Thus, with such a button cell at least 200 000 opening cycles can be driven. This is particularly noteworthy, bearing in mind that electronic locking cylinders currently offered on the market offer approximately 30,000 to 50,000 opening cycles with one battery. In addition, it would be quite possible to arrange a second button cell parallel to the first in a lock cylinder with memory metal actuators and thus to double the number of possible opening cycles.
• 2. Significant shortening of the length of the inside knob With today's standard locking cylinders, the battery is usually placed inside the knob. With a battery length of 27 mm of the usual CR2 lithium batteries resulting inside knobs, usually 40 to 45 mm in length. For lock cylinders with a memory metal actuator, a coin cell with a height of 5 mm and a diameter of 24.5 mm is sufficient. Since the button cell can be arranged transversely in an inner knob with 30 mm diameter, a massive shortening of the knob to 30 mm in length is easy to implement, which brings a great aesthetic advantage.

Claims (22)

Electronic locking system for actuating locks and / or latch or latch elements, wherein the electronic locking system via an electronic control unit, one or more actuators, an actuator that can be moved from a rest position to an activated position and back and over has a coupling unit, which can be transferred by shifting the actuator from its rest position to its activated position of a freewheeling state in a coupling state, wherein in the freewheeling state of the coupling unit, the lock is not actuated and in the coupling state of the coupling unit, the lock can be actuated, characterized in that an actor ( 1 ) the actuator ( 2 ) and that the actor ( 1 ) is constructed of memory metal. Electronic locking system for actuating locks and / or latch or latch elements, wherein the electronic locking system via an electronic control unit, one or more actuators, an actuator that can be moved from a rest position to an activated position and back and over has a lock unit, which can be transferred from its rest position to its activated position from a locked state to a release state, wherein in the locked state of the lock unit does not actuate the lock and in the release state of the lock unit, the lock can be actuated, characterized in that an actor ( 1 ) the actuator ( 2 ) and that the actor ( 1 ) is constructed of memory metal. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for the displacement of the actuator ( 2 ) required shape change effect of the actuator ( 1 ) is brought about by application of electric current. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the actuator ( 2 ) between its rest position and its activated position can be shifted back and forth, that the actuator ( 2 ) itself or by an between actor ( 1 ) and actuator ( 2 ) is interposed bistable mechanical switching element and that each activation of the actuator ( 1 ) a displacement of the actuator ( 2 ) from its one stable position to its other stable position. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the actuator ( 2 ) against a return spring ( 6 ) can be shifted from its rest position to its activated position, that any activation of the actuator ( 1 ) the displacement of the actuator ( 2 ) from its rest position to its activated position and that after the return of the actuator ( 1 ) in its original form the return spring ( 6 ) the actuator ( 2 ) returns to its rest position. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the return of the actuator ( 2 ) in its rest position by a delay element ( 7 ) is delayed. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a second actuator on the actuator can act and that the second actor in the opposite direction to the first Actuator acts on the actuator, so that at the same time thermal Actuation of both actuators, the resulting shape change effects block both actuators in their action on the actuator each other. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a second actuator on the actuator can act that the second actuator is dimensioned so that he with simultaneous thermal loading of both actuators his shape change achieved faster than the first actor and that the effect of shape change of the second actuator on the actuator is such that they prevents a displacement of the actuator in its activated position. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 3, 7 and 8, characterized in that an actuator ( 5 ) between its rest position ( 3 ) and its activated position ( 4 ) can be shifted back and forth, that the actuator ( 5 ) itself or by an between actor ( 1 ) and actuator ( 5 ) intermediate bistable mechanical switching element is designed so that each activation of the actuator ( 1 ) a displacement of the actuator ( 5 ) from its rest position ( 3 ) into its activated position ( 4 ) and that every activation of the actuator ( 8th ) a displacement of the actuator ( 5 ) from its activated position ( 4 ) in its rest position ( 3 ) causes. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 3 and 7 to 9, characterized in that the actuator ( 5 ) pivotable between its rest position ( 3 ) and its activated position ( 4 ) is arranged that in the actuator ( 5 ) a latching element ( 9 ) against the force of a spring ( 10 ) is arranged insertable. Arrangement according to claims 1, 3 and 7 to 10, characterized in that the closing system via a first shaft ( 11 ) and a second wave ( 12 ), one of the first wave ( 11 ) associated entrainment element ( 13 ) is arranged radially displaceable between a freewheeling position and a driving position and in its driving position a rotationally fixed connection between the first shaft ( 11 ) and second wave ( 12 ) produces an actuator ( 14 ) pivotable between a rest position ( 15 ) and an activated position ( 16 ) is arranged that a memory metal actuator ( 17 ) on one side ( 18 ) of the actuator ( 14 ) and another memory metal actuator ( 19 ) on the other side ( 20 ) of the actuator ( 14 ), that an activation of the actuator ( 17 ) the actuator ( 14 ) into its activated position ( 16 ) displaced by a displacement of the actuator ( 14 ) into its activated position ( 16 ) a radial displacement of the driving element ( 13 ) is brought into its driving position and that an activation of the actuator ( 19 ) the actuator ( 14 ) in its rest position ( 15 ) shifted back. Arrangement according to claims 1, 3 and 7 to 11, characterized in that the actuator ( 14 ) after relocation to its activated position ( 16 ) by a mechanical latching arrangement ( 21 ) as long as stable in its activated position ( 16 ) is held until activation of the actuator ( 19 ) a backward displacement of the actuator ( 14 ) in its rest position ( 15 ) causes. Arrangement according to claims 1, 3 and 7 to 12, characterized in that the entrainment element ( 13 ) within a cylindrical part ( 22 ) is mounted radially displaceable, that the cylindrical part ( 22 ) in a bore ( 23 ) one in the first wave ( 11 ) inserted part ( 24 ) is mounted radially displaceable and that the radial displaceability of the driving element ( 13 ) towards the second wave ( 12 ) by the design of the cylindrical part ( 22 ) in cooperation with the design of the driving element ( 13 ) is end limited. Arrangement according to claims 1, 3 and 7 to 13, characterized in that the from the actuator ( 17 ) for the radial displacement of the cylindrical part ( 22 ) towards the second wave ( 12 ) applied work in a spring ( 25 ) is cached when the entrainment element ( 13 ) can not engage in his driving position. Arrangement according to claims 1, 3 and 7 to 14, characterized in that the cylindrical part ( 22 ) by a spring ( 26 ) of the entrainment position of the entrainment element ( 13 ) in the release position of the driving element ( 13 ) is returned as soon as the actuator ( 19 ) the actuator ( 14 ) in its rest position ( 15 ) has moved back and the entrainment element ( 13 ) can move out of his driving position. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the actuators ( 1 ) 8th ) 17 ) and ( 19 ) in the first wave ( 11 ) are arranged. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the actuators ( 1 ) and or ( 8th ) and or ( 17 ) and or ( 19 ) are arranged in a double or multiple manner in a parallel manner. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the actuators ( 1 ) and or ( 8th ) and or ( 17 ) and or ( 19 ) made of memory wire ( 27 ) are constructed. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that actuator ( 1 ) and / or actuator ( 8th ) and / or actuator ( 17 ) and / or actuator ( 19 ) made of memory wire ( 27 ), whereby the memory wire ( 27 ) is redirected once or several times in its course. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that actuator ( 1 ) and / or actuator ( 8th ) and / or actuator ( 17 ) and / or actuator ( 19 ) with a memo wire spring ( 28 ) are formed. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that actuator ( 1 ) and / or actuator ( 8th ) and / or actuator ( 17 ) and / or actuator ( 19 ) with the aid of clamping sleeves ( 29 ) are connected to other system parts. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 20, characterized in that actuator ( 1 ) and / or actuator ( 8th ) and / or actuator ( 17 ) and / or actuator ( 19 ) with the help of conductive adhesive ( 30 ) are connected to other system parts.