DE102007045146A1 - Single-axle vehicle with a platform and / or a seat for a driver - Google Patents

Abstract

In a preferably electrically driven Einachsfahrzeug (1) with a platform (7) and / or a seat for a driver (9) and two wheels (3) which are driven by a common wheel axle (4) by motor, is to improve handling and application proposed to provide at least one attachment or implement (2), wherein the attachment or implement (2) about at least a first mounting axis (11) is pivotally connected to the Einachsfahrzeug (1).

Description

The The invention relates to a preferably electrically powered single-axle vehicle with a platform and / or seat for a driver.

Such Vehicles are called scooters or personal transporters known and for example from the company Segway Inc., Redford, New Hampshire, USA, available commercially and in US-D528,486 S shown. There are right and left of a tread 2 wheels arranged, each by a brushless electric hub motor are driven.

The Tread is in normal use position here below the axis of rotation of the wheels. Below the tread a battery pack is arranged over which the wheel hub motors be supplied with electrical energy. Furthermore, there is a control column with a handle, for example similar to a bicycle handlebar, provided, with the tax column to some extent is pivotally mounted. The axis around which the control column can be pivoted with the handlebar, points in the direction of travel. The Control of the wheel hub motors via a control system with a number of gyroscopes and acceleration sensors.

changes the center of gravity are recorded by the regulatory system and balanced by suitable control of the motors. This is ensures that when entering such a vehicle the unstable equilibrium is maintained. The drive control takes place by appropriate weight shift forward or backward. directed such a vehicle is by lateral deflection of the control column. According to the deflection, the speeds of the right and left Motors changed, so that the desired Curve radius results. The turning in the state is by driving a Rades in the forward direction and a wheel in the reverse direction also possible.

Commercially available embodiments of such single-axle vehicles require less than 0.5 m ^{2 of} floor space, have a weight of the order of 50 kg at a maximum speed of about 20 km / h and a range of 20 to 40 kilometers with one battery charge. As accumulators usually NiMh batteries or lithium-ion batteries are used.

In the WO 2006/042302 A1 is described in detail a control and attitude control, with a four-wheeled, electrically operated vehicle for transporting a person can also be operated stably on only two wheels of an axle, for example, when the front axle is raised. In that regard, such a vehicle is operated as Einachsfahrzeug such as described above.

electrical operated small vehicles come to transport a single person mainly used where longer distances to bridge On the one hand, they are perceived too far to walk and on the other hand, are too short to justify the use of a car. Furthermore, such vehicles are used in places with larger vehicles are not passable, or where bicycles are traditionally used. this concerns For example, factory premises or extensive building complexes. Furthermore, in particular electrically powered vehicles used by elderly or disabled people to themselves to move in the wider environment of their apartment.

In similar Way are for appropriately extended real estate or Plots also small vehicles for various Working known, for example, for cleaning in buildings or land areas, or for example riding mowers for mowing extensive lawns.

For those persons who already use an electrically powered small vehicle, such as the elderly, it has also been proposed to equip such an existing vehicle with an attachment in order to reduce capital expenditure. An example of such an electric-powered small vehicle with an attachment designed as a lawn mower is, for example, in US 2006/0090441 A1 described.

Another, for example from the EP 1 180 342 A1 Known approach linked by muscle power driven small vehicles, here a scooter with a front steerable pair of wheels with sufficient track width, with an attachment to perform specific work on large areas easier and faster. In the example described there, the attachment is a kind of mop to clean large-scale interiors quickly and efficiently, for example, the roads in a shopping center. An advantage of such a solution is in particular the low weight, the low investment requirements, the constant availability and the elimination of operating costs, except possibly becoming necessary repairs.

Indeed is the use of such vehicles only on relatively smooth surfaces possible, which has a low rolling and sliding resistance allow it to be overcome by the user relatively easily can be.

None the known solutions offers the possibility to provide a workload in areas that are for Muscle-powered vehicles cause great movement resistance offer, however, are so small area or angled, that four-wheeled electric carts with attachments no useful alternative to self-propelled machines, such as ride-on mowers, represent.

Of the Invention is therefore based on the object to provide an alternative to provide self-propelled machines or hand-held machines, with regard to handling and use the disadvantages of avoid or at least reduce known solutions.

These The object is achieved by a Einachsfahrzeug of the type mentioned, the further has two wheels which are motorized about a common wheel axle are drivable, and characterized by at least one Attachment or implement, with the attachment or implement pivotable about at least a first mounting axis with the Einachsfahrzeug connected is.

Under common wheel axle is not just a geometrically accurate Collapse of the axes of rotation of the two wheels understood but also any practical technical deviation, as far as the character of a two-lane Einachsfahrzeuges receive remains. Such deviations are not exhaustive Angular deviations of the rotary axes for setting a desired Toe or a predetermined camber angle for influencing the Driving behavior, or an offset of the axes of rotation for adaptation to the existing installation space including the arrangement of a or more drive motors.

By the inventive construction of a Einachsfahrzeuges the utility of such a per se Einachsfahrzeuges is essential extended. The invention makes it possible, such Einachsfahrzeuge for example, in the building or property management not only as a pure means of passenger transport, but also as aggregates carrier and thus for different works to use, as for the maintenance of green spaces, for the winter service or for the surface cleaning. This possible additional benefit can be considerable Investment costs can be saved as separate self-propelled Working machines for such purposes, such as Ride-on mower, not additionally required become. Also for use in smaller buildings or parks offers the inventive Training significant advantages over the known Ride-on working machines, but especially in the private sector compared to the well-known electric carts with attachments, as an inventively designed Einachsfahrzeug compared to such known small vehicles a considerable has greater maneuverability and thus also angled or heavily contoured green spaces efficiently processed or appropriate building surfaces are cleaned can. Furthermore gives the typical standing posture the driver or the driver a particularly good overview, which further contributes to increasing efficiency and at the same time reduces the risk of accidents or damage.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention is the approximate to the first mounting axis of the attachment or implement arranged parallel to the wheel axle and closes with the Wheel axle at an angle of less than 30 °, preferably not more than 15 °, more preferably less than 4.5 °, on, and the attachment or implement points to its first Mounting axis opposite side of a support wheel or a support slider, in particular, the support wheel freely swiveling.

By the preferred embodiment ensures that the required to control the Einachsfahrzeuges freedom from tilt around the wheel axle by the attachment or implement not is impaired and also the Einachsfahrzeug with inserted Attachment or implement the contour of the substrate well can follow. Due to the free mobility of the support wheel In addition, the special maneuverability of the invention Single-axle vehicle with attachment favors.

A Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized characterized in that the attachment or implement further pivotally connected to the single-axle vehicle about a second mounting axle is, with the second mounting axis approximately perpendicular to Wheel axle and first mounting axis is arranged and approximately parallel arranged to a vertical axis of the Einachsfahrzeuges in normal operation is, and wherein the attachment or implement at his the first attachment axis opposite side a support wheel or a support skid, in particular, that the support wheel or the support runner in the intended direction of straight-ahead travel is fixedly arranged on the attachment or implement.

These Inventive development is particularly suitable for uneven ground, as a larger Spur stability is guaranteed. The steering behavior this embodiment of the invention corresponds while that of a so-called "articulated".

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the attachment or implement is further connected pivotably about a third mounting axis with the single-axle vehicle, wherein the mounting axes are arranged approximately perpendicular to each other and the third Anabauachse is arranged approximately parallel to a longitudinal axis of the Einachsfahrzeuges in normal operation and approximately midway between the wheels, and wherein the attachment or working device on its side opposite the first mounting axis side at least two spaced apart Support wheels and / or support skids, in particular, that the support wheels and / or support glides are fixedly arranged in the intended direction of straight ahead on the attachment or implement and preferably have a distance from each other, which corresponds approximately to the gauge of Einachsfahrzeuges.

By the inventive design of Einachsfahrzeuges in this preferred embodiment arises opposite the above described the additional advantage of Rotatability of attachment or implement opposite the one-axle vehicle with respect to its longitudinal axis, so that the attachment or implement also when driving over of pronounced diagonal grooves particularly well the terrain contour can follow. The steering behavior of this embodiment corresponds also that of an articulated steering with steered rear axle.

Especially expedient is the connection between the at least one attachment or implement and the single-axle vehicle formed by a ball coupling.

By this embodiment of the invention is a special easy connection between the attachment and implement and the Einachsfahrzeug with standard parts with good mobility possible around all three axes.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention characterized in that the first mounting axis close and in normal Position of use of Einachsfahrzeuges arranged above the wheel axle is, preferably coincides with the wheel axle.

By the inventive design of the compound of Einachsfahrzeug and attachment or implement is in particular in the preferred embodiment, raising or lowering the trailing edge of the attachment or implement largely or completely stopped when the single-axle vehicle for acceleration or deceleration after tilted forward or backward. Thus, a largely constant ground clearance of the attachment or implement guaranteed.

expedient is at least one attachment or implement in common Forward direction arranged at the front of the Einachsfahrzeug.

By this particularly preferred embodiment in conjunction with the standing position of the driver becomes one achieves a particularly good overview and works with one Such attachment or implement can be special precise and fast with the greatest possible exclusion of damage or accidents.

Advantageous is an inventive Einachsfahrzeug thereby in that the single-axle vehicle has a device for locking the vehicle at least one attachment or implement in one opposite having the normal operating position raised rest position, in particular, that the at least one attachment or implement from its usual operating position to the rest position about a pivot axis is pivotable.

By the inventive embodiment of this embodiment It is particularly easy, with the single-axle vehicle to get to the workplace and drive away from there. The vehicle can also be used for passenger transport without having to the attachment or implement must be dismantled.

Especially Advantageously, the pivot axis is the first mounting axis. Through this particularly preferred embodiment results in a particularly simple and thus weight-saving and reliable construction of a Einachsfahrzeuges invention with a Attachment or implement.

Farther the object is achieved according to the invention by a battery for an inventive Single-axle vehicle, the battery being a lithium-metal or lithium-ion battery is with a separator that has a ceramic surface and a flat, with a plurality of openings provided, flexible substrate with a on and in this substrate coating, wherein the material of the substrate selected is made of woven or non-woven, non-electrically conductive Natural or polymeric fibers and the coating is a porous, electrically insulating, ceramic coating, and wherein the Separator in the battery filled with an electrolyte composition is having a conductive salt and a base component, wherein the Base component as main component with a share of greater 50% by mass has at least one ionic liquid, which has a melting point of less than 100 ° C.

The inventive design of a battery for a single axle vehicle according to the invention, the invention can be used particularly effectively. The inventive design of a battery is a considerably higher Power density possible as in known batteries, so that the energy requirements when driving with attachment or implement and for a motor-driven implement for a sufficiently long period can be covered. Furthermore, a higher peak power, in particular higher discharge currents is possible by the inventive design, so that load peaks, for example, when driving over obstacles, can be handled well. Furthermore, a higher rapid charging capacity over known accumulators is achieved, so that downtime for charging the batteries can be reduced.

According to the invention advantageous it is when the electrolyte composition is a basic component consisting of 80 to 99.5 wt .-% of at least one ionic liquid (A), which has a melting point of less than 100 ° C, 0.5 to 10 wt .-% of a film former (B) and 0 to 10 wt .-% of a Viscosity modifier (C), and a conductive salt (D), this Conducting salt (D) of 0.25 mol / (kg base component) up to the solubility limit contained in the base component, and the conductive salt (D) is a lithium compound.

By the development of the battery according to the invention the resistance to degradation during loading is improved, so that such a battery is less sensitive to voltage spikes when charging is, as conventional batteries of this type. This makes it possible the reserves of such batteries exploit more and thus the load times significantly shorten.

According to the invention advantageous It is when the separator (A) a flexible, openwork Support, (B) a porous first ceramic material with the openings of the carrier are filled, wherein the ceramic material (i) has a pore structure formed by a mean pore size is characterized, and (ii) is suitable for receiving an electrolyte for ionic conduction, and (C) the contact with the electrolyte pore surface of the first porous ceramic material for increasing the Life is occupied by fine particles of another material, wherein the average particle size of the fine particles in the range of 0.5 to 30%, preferably 1 to 15%, of the mean Pore size of the ceramic material is included.

By the inventive development of the invention Battery is also improving the achievable peak power, the internal resistance lowered at high discharge currents and a once again improved fast charging capability.

A particularly preferred battery according to the invention is characterized by a separator with shutdown function comprising a porous carrier with one on and in this one Carrier porous inorganic, not electrically conductive coating, being on the inorganic Coating, the oxide particles of the elements Al, Si and / or Zr with a mean particle size of 0.5 to 10 microns, a porous Abschaltschicht of a Material that melts at a given temperature and the Pores of the inorganic layer closes, exists, wherein the shutdown layer through a porous sheet is formed, and the carrier is woven or non-woven polymeric or glass fibers.

By the development of the battery according to the invention is the security for the invention Einachsfahrzeug significantly improved, especially in cases where the vehicle is stuck or due to improper Handling with horticultural tools or the like an electric Short circuit in the wiring is brought about. By the inventive design of the battery is when overwriting certain temperatures by blocking of the ion flux through the separators of the short circuit current of Battery drastically reduced, causing inflammation or an explosion of the battery and the risk of a fire due to a short circuit in the wiring is almost impossible. Especially advantageous The invention can be in Einachsfahrzeugen the above described Use with a battery as described above. For attachments or implements with considerable It is also particularly important in terms of electrical energy requirements expedient if such a cultivation or working device a separate battery according to the invention.

A great safety against accidents in an inventive Attachment or implement for a single-axle vehicle is obtained if that is at least one attachment or implement from its usual operating position to the rest position about a pivot axis is pivotable by a traction device, wherein the traction device in an electrically operated attachment or implement connected to the attachment or implement with a stop switch is, so the power supply to one or more electric motors of the attachment or implement is interrupted as soon as the attachment or implement raised from its operating position is.

This inventive attachment or implement allows a particularly efficient use of the invention Einachsfahrzeuges, as such a mounting or working device even when not in use can not be dismantled from Einachsfahrzeug must and at the same time a risk of accident due to accidental power is largely excluded.

Economically The invention can be used particularly well if the attachment or implement a lawn mower, in particular a reel mower, a bar mower or a sickle mower, preferably a rotary mower with two rotating cutter bars, a snowblower, a snow shovel, a leaf blower, a polishing machine or a sweeping attachment is, in particular with at least a disc brush and / or a sweeping roller.

disorders the balance of a erfindungemäßen Einachsfahrzeuges by changes in the operating state of a growing or Arbeitsgerätes, for example by gyroscope reactions Starting a polishing broom with a large diameter, let avoid themselves by the control and attitude control, if an inventive Attachment or implement a data interface for transmission of operating parameters of the attachment or implement the control and attitude control of the single-axle vehicle for compensation of disturbances, by the Operation of the attachment or implement, in particular through changes of the operating condition arise.

The Invention will be described below with reference to the drawings Embodiments explained in more detail become. Show it:

1 an inventive Einachsfahrzeug with a lawn mower attachment or implement;

2 a plan view of an inventive Einachsfahrzeug with attachment in detail section, the sake of clarity, some components are omitted or shown translucent;

3 a schematic longitudinal section through the Einachsfahrzeug from the 1 and 2 ;

4 the Einachsfahrzeug invention 1 with lawnmower tilted in rest position;

5 a detailed view of the Einachsfahrzeuges invention from the 1 to 4 ;

6 a perspective, partial view of the Einachsfahrzeuges from the 1 to 5 and

7 an alternative embodiment of a Einachsfahrzeuges invention with a mounting or working device in the form of an electrically driven polishing machine for floors.

In 1 is an inventive Einachsfahrzeug, in total with 1 designated with a lawnmower attached thereto, in total and with 2 referred to, shown as attachment or implement. The single-axle vehicle 1 initially includes 2 wheels 3 whose axes of rotation are a common wheel axle 4 form. The wheels 3 are individually electrically driven via wheel hub motors 5 , Advantageously, these are brushless electric motors. Furthermore, the single-axle vehicle includes 1 a platform 7 with a top tread 8th (to which a driver or a driver 9 can make).

Under the platform 7 there is a housing 10 for receiving the electronics (not shown) of the drive control and attitude control of Einachsfahrzeugs 1 , like from the 2 and 3 is apparent. Furthermore, in the housing 10 an accumulator package 12 for storing and providing the electrical energy for the electronics and the drive of the wheel hub motors 5 intended.

According to the invention, the accumulator package is preferred 12 formed by a lithium-metal or lithium-ion battery is provided with a separator having a ceramic surface and comprising a planar, provided with a plurality of openings, flexible substrate with a coating located on and in this substrate, wherein the material of the substrate is selected from woven or nonwoven, non-electrically conductive natural or polymeric fibers and the coating is a porous, electrically insulating, ceramic coating, and wherein the separator in the battery is filled with an electrolyte composition containing a conductive salt and a Has base component, wherein the base component comprises as the main component with a proportion of greater than 50% by mass at least one ionic liquid having a melting point of less than 100 ° C. The electrolyte composition has a base component consisting of 80 to 99.5 wt .-% of at least one ionic liquid (A) having a melting point of less than 100 ° C, 0.5 to 10 wt .-% of a film former (B) and 0 to 10% by weight of a viscosity modifier (C), and a conductive salt (D), wherein said conductive salt (D) of 0.25 mol / (kg base component) to the solubility limit is contained in the base component, and the conductive salt (D ) is a lithium compound. The separator (A) comprises a flexible, perforated carrier, (B) a porous first ceramic material with which the openings of the carrier are filled, the ceramic material (i) having a pore structure characterized by an average pore size, and (ii) is suitable for receiving an electrolyte for ionic conduction, and (C) the contactable with the electrolyte pore surface of the first porous ceramic material to increase the service life is occupied by fine particles of another material, wherein the middle part particle size of the fine particles is in the range of 0.5 to 30%, preferably 1 to 15%, of the mean pore size of the ceramic material. Electric separators for batteries, in particular lithium batteries, and methods for their preparation are for example made DE 101 42 622 A1 and DE 103 47 569 A1 known.

The Batteries allow with a storage capacity of approx. 1-2 kWh that the single-axle vehicle without recharging can be operated for at least 1-2 hours. A very fast recharging of the batteries within just 0.5 Hours allow short term reuse.

Approximately in the middle of the front of the platform 7 is a control column 15 provided, which is adjustable in length and at its upper end a handle 16 , similar to a bicycle handlebar has. Appropriately engages the driver 9 the handles located on the handlebar to the vehicle 1 to control. By shifting the weight forward or backward the vehicle becomes 1 accelerated forward or decelerated or brought into reverse. For this purpose, the position control of the vehicle 1 provided with a series of gyroscopic sensors, which are not shown here. At least three gyroscope sensors are required, others serve redundancy for safety reasons.

Furthermore, acceleration sensors are still provided. By acquiring the measured values approximately 100 times per second, all relevant data for locomotion and maintaining the unstable equilibrium are recorded and processed, and the wheel hub motors 5 driven accordingly to perform both the desired driving commands as well as the vehicle 1 to keep in balance. A cornering is by lateral pivoting of the steering column 15 introduced, which is controlled by the controller in dependence on the speed and thus the centrifugal forces of the appropriate radius of curvature by adjusting speed differences of the wheels 3 , It is also possible the vehicle 1 in the state to turn around its vertical axis, in which case a wheel 3 is driven in reverse.

Finally, the wheels are still each by a fender 6 covered to the driver 9 Protect against dirt and avoid the driver 9 with the rotating wheels 3 comes in contact and there is a risk of accidents. An inventive Einachsfahrzeug, as in 6 shown in sections, is intended for speeds up to 20 km / h by default.

The attachment or implement is a sickle lawnmower 2 with two rotating cutterbars 20 , These are about a common timing belt 21 from an electric motor 22 driven. Due to the high power consumption of such a lawn mower, it is expedient if the lawnmower 2 via its own battery pack 23 which conveniently contains batteries of the same type as already described above for the single-axle vehicle 1 was described (see 6 ). In the illustrated embodiment, the blades rotate 20 in the same direction during operation.

The drive motor 22 and the knife bars 20 are in a common frame 19 stored at the the Einachsfahrzeug 1 and the connection with the single-axle vehicle 1 opposite side still a support wheel 18 wearing. The support wheel 18 serves the lawn mower 2 support at the front and compliance with the necessary distance between mower (cutter bar 20 ) and ground. Appropriately, such a support wheel 18 height adjustable to a cutting height adjustment for the lawn mower 2 to realize. By selecting a suitable cutting height, the power consumption and thus the usable operating time of the batteries can be optimized.

The frame 19 of the lawnmower 2 is also with two brackets 17 connected, which expediently have a distance from each other, the width of the platform 7 corresponds (see 2 and 3 ). These mounts 17 have a sickle shape in the side view and are not on the frame 19 of the lawnmower 2 connected end with a receptacle 24 Mistake. Laterally next to the platform 7 are adapter plates on both sides 25 firmly with the single-axle vehicle 1 connected to a journal 26 have, whose axis is preferably in the wheel axle 4 lies. The recording 24 in the holder 17 is on the axle journal 26 attachable and there, for example, without tools through a Bügelsplint 27 to secure, as in 5 shown, so the bracket 17 around the axle journal 26 and thus around the wheel axle 4 can swing. This will be a first mounting axis 11 the attachment or implement defined, the most preferred with the wheel axle 4 coincides.

The lawnmower 2 is so compared to the single-axle vehicle 1 around the first mounting axis 11 swiveling so that the single-axle vehicle 1 by the sickle shape of the holder 17 given angular clearance around the wheel axle 4 can tilt forward and back to make the necessary movements for driving control and attitude stabilization can.

It is particularly advantageous if the first mounting axle 11 with the wheel axle 4 coincides. This ensures that when tilting forward or backward Einachsfahrzeuges 1 the attachment points 24 of the lawnmower 2 experience no changes in height relative to the ground and thus an undesirable height adjustment of the cutting unit, ie the cutter bar 20 , the lawnmower 2 is avoided.

Become a lawn mower instead 2 especially winter service equipment such as snow blowers or the like used, it is expedient instead of the support wheel 18 Provide runners.

To meet high safety standards when dealing with motor-driven lawnmowers 2 and the best possible reduction of the accident risk, the single-axle vehicle 1 at his handle 16 or the handlebar of the steering column 15 be provided with a safety switch, not shown, the emergency shutdown of the attachment or implement 2 brought about when the safety switch is not operated and released within a predetermined period of time, or if the safety switch is not operated constantly, depending on the preferred safety philosophy. Alternatively or additionally, no contact switch (not shown) on the tread 8th the platform 7 be provided, the emergency shutdown of the attachment or implement 2 brought about, if not enough rider weight on the platform 7 overloaded. As a result, for example, a commissioning of the attachment or implement 2 be made difficult by children. Furthermore, an emergency shutdown can be made when the driver 9 falls off the vehicle and the safety switch does not trip because of the driver 9 still trying to get at the handle 16 the steering column 15 hold.

In 4 is an inventive Einachsfahrzeug 1 with a lawnmower 2 shown as a cultivation or working device, the lawnmower 2 from his in 1 shown usual operating position in the in 4 shown rest position is pivoted about a pivot axis. In the illustrated embodiment of the Einachsfahrzeuges 1 the pivot axis is the first mounting axis 11 , This purpose is a towing device 13 , which can be formed for example by a belt, as is customary as a lashing strap for securing cargo. Appropriately, a released position is provided so that the lawnmower 2 the operating situation 1 occupies, with the tension belt 13 It must have enough lots, so that a sufficiently large angular mobility between single-axle vehicle 1 and lawnmowers 2 is ensured, on the one hand, to control the Einachsfahrzeuges 1 necessary to perform necessary tilting movements unhindered and on the other hand to ensure that the lawnmower 2 Also, a sloping slope can mow, as the location of the Einachsfahrzeuges 1 is based on the gravitational field, and not, as in four-wheel vehicles, determined by the inclination of the footprint. In the second operating position, the drawbar 13 the lawnmower 2 Swing up so far that the lawn mower 2 due to the tilting movements of the single-axle vehicle 1 not used to control it or to drive on ramps. The drawbar 13 is at the lawnmower 2 connected to a stop switch, so that the power supply to the electric motor 22 of the lawnmower 2 is interrupted as soon as the lawnmower 2 is raised from its operating position.

Instead of a towing device 13 at most a telescoping tube device would come into question by means of a tension belt, which would provide a sufficiently large telescopic path between the operating position of the lawnmower 2 under all conceivable terrain conditions and the resting position, as in 4 is shown covering. In this case, a sufficiently low-friction telescoping device would have to be provided in order to achieve a friction damping of the tilting movement of the single-axle vehicle 1 opposite the lawnmower 2 to avoid the attitude control of the single-axle vehicle 1 sensitive and would lead to at least an uncomfortable operating behavior.

5 shows in detail the pictures 24 in the holders 17 when mounting on the axle journal 26 the adapter plate 25 through the ironing pin 27 ,

In 6 is a test pattern of the single-axle vehicle described above 1 with a lawnmower 2 shown in more detail.

In 7 is an alternative embodiment of a Einachsfahrzeuges invention 1 with a cultivation or working device in the form of an electrically driven polishing machine 14 shown for floors. The attachment of the polishing machine 14 on the single-axle vehicle 1 may be provided in the same way as in the lawnmower 2 However, it may be provided by providing an additional angular mobility about a second mounting axis approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the entire vehicle. This can be done in the case 28 arranged polishing wheel or polishing brush especially follow the contour of the substrate to be processed, resulting in particularly good machining results. The function of one or two support gliders instead of the support wheel is in this case by the polishing pad or brush the housing 28 accepted.

Further embodiments and embodiments of Einachsfahrzeuges invention 1 with a mounting or working device 2 are possible in the Scope of the entire disclosure of this application.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2006/042302 A1 [0006]
• US 2006/0090441 A1 [0009]
• - EP 1180342 A1 [0010]
• - DE 10142622 A1 [0054]
• - DE 10347569 A1 [0054]

Claims (23)

Preferably electrically powered single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) with a platform ( 7 ) and / or a seat for a driver ( 9 ) and two wheels ( 3 ) around a common wheel axle ( 4 ) are driven by a motor, characterized by at least one attachment or implement ( 2 ), the attachment or implement ( 2 ) around at least a first mounting axis ( 11 ) pivotable with the Einachsfahrzeug ( 1 ) connected is. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first mounting axis ( 11 ) of the attachment or implement approximately parallel to the wheel axle ( 4 ) and with the wheel axle ( 4 ) includes an angle of less than 30 °, preferably not more than 15 °, more preferably less than 4.5 °, and the attachment or implement ( 2 ) at its the first mounting axis ( 11 ) opposite side a support wheel ( 18 ) or a support slider. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the support wheel ( 18 ) is freely pivotable. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the attachment or working device ( 2 ) further pivotable about a second mounting axis with the Einachsfahrzeug ( 1 ), wherein the second mounting axis approximately perpendicular to the wheel axis ( 4 ) and first mounting axis ( 11 ) is arranged and approximately parallel to a vertical axis of the Einachsfahrzeuges ( 1 ) is arranged in normal operation, and wherein the attachment or working device ( 2 ) at its the first mounting axis ( 11 ) opposite side a support wheel ( 18 ) or a support skid. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the support wheel ( 18 ) or the support runner in the intended direction of straight travel fixed to the attachment or implement ( 2 ) is arranged. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the attachment or working device ( 2 ) further pivotable about a third mounting axis with the Einachsfahrzeug ( 1 ), wherein the mounting axes are arranged approximately perpendicular to each other and the third Anabauachse approximately parallel to a longitudinal axis of the Einachsfahrzeuges ( 1 ) is arranged in normal operation and approximately midway between the wheels ( 3 ) and wherein the attachment or implement ( 2 ) at its the first mounting axis ( 11 ) opposite side has at least two spaced apart support wheels and / or support skids. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the support wheels and / or support glides in the intended direction of straight ahead fixed to the attachment or working device ( 2 ) are arranged and preferably have a distance from each other, approximately the track width of the Einachsfahrzeuges ( 1 ) corresponds. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the connection between the at least one attachment or working device ( 2 ) and the single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) is formed by a ball and socket coupling. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first mounting axis ( 11 ) near and in the normal position of use of the single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) above the wheel axle ( 4 ) is arranged, preferably with the wheel axle ( 4 ) coincides. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one attachment or working device ( 2 ) in the usual forward direction of travel at the front of the single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) is arranged. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) a device for locking ( 13 ) of the at least one attachment or implement ( 2 ) has a raised relative to the usual operating position rest position. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that the at least one attachment or working device ( 2 ) From its usual operating position in the rest position about a pivot axis is pivotally. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the pivot axis, the first mounting axis ( 11 ). Battery ( 12 . 23 ) for a single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery is a lithium-metal or lithium-ion battery with a separator having a ceramic surface, and having a flat, provided with a plurality of openings, flexible substrate with a coating located on and in this substrate, wherein the material of the substrate is selected from woven or non-woven, non-electrically conductive natural or polymeric fibers and the coating is a porous, electrically insulating, ceramic coating, and wherein the separator in the battery with is filled with an electrolyte composition having a conductive salt and a base component, wherein the base component as Hauptbe having a proportion of greater than 50% by mass at least one ionic liquid having a melting point of less than 100 ° C. Battery ( 12 . 23 ) according to claim 14, characterized in that the electrolyte composition has a base component consisting of - 80 to 99.5 wt .-% of at least one ionic liquid (A) having a melting point of less than 100 ° C, - 0.5 to 10 wt .-% of a film former (B) and - 0 to 10 wt .-% of a viscosity modifier (C), - and a conductive salt (D), said conductive salt (D) of 0.25 mol / (kg base component) to the solubility limit in the base component, and the conductive salt (D) is a lithium compound. Battery ( 12 . 23 ) according to one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that the separator comprises: (A) a flexible, perforated carrier, (B) a porous first ceramic material with which the openings of the carrier are filled, wherein the ceramic material (i) has a pore structure characterized by a mean pore size, and (ii) is suitable for receiving an electrolyte for ionic conduction, wherein (C) the contact with the electrolyte contactable pore surface of the first porous ceramic material to increase the life with fine particles of another material, wherein the mean particle size of the fine particles is in the range of 0.5 to 30%, preferably 1 to 15%, of the mean pore size of the ceramic material. Battery ( 12 . 23 ) according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized by a separator with shutdown function comprising a porous support with a porous inorganic, non-electrically conductive coating on and in this support, wherein on the inorganic coating, the oxide particles of the elements Al, Si and / or Zr having an average particle size of 0.5 to 10 microns, a porous Abschaltschicht of a material which melts at a predetermined temperature and closes the pores of the inorganic layer is present, wherein the Abschaltschicht is formed by a porous sheet and the backing comprises woven or non-woven polymeric or glass fibers. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by a battery ( 12 . 23 ) according to one of claims 14 to 17. Attachment or implement ( 2 ) for a single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13 and 18, characterized by a separate battery ( 23 ) according to one of claims 14 to 17. Attachment or implement ( 2 ) for a single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13 and 18, characterized in that the at least one attachment or working device ( 2 ) from its usual operating position in the rest position about a pivot axis is pivotable by a pulling device ( 13 ), the drawbar ( 13 ) in an electrically operated attachment or implement ( 2 ) on the attachment or implement ( 2 ) is connected to a stop switch, so that the power supply to one or more electric motors ( 22 ) of the attachment or implement ( 2 ) is interrupted as soon as the attachment or implement ( 2 ) is raised from its operating position. Attachment or implement for a single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13 and 18, characterized in that the attachment or implement a lawn mower ( 2 ), in particular a reel mower, a bar mower or a sickle mower, preferably a rotary mower with two rotating cutter bars, a snow blower, a snow plow, a leaf blower, a polishing machine ( 14 ) or a sweeping attachment, in particular with at least one disc brush and / or a sweeping roller. Attachment or implement according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized by a data interface for the transmission of operating parameters of the attachment or implement ( 2 ) to the control and attitude control of the single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) to compensate for disturbances caused by the operation of the attachment or implement ( 2 ), in particular caused by changes in the operating state. Single-axle vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13 and 18 with a mounting or working device ( 2 ) according to any one of claims 19 to 22.