WO1992016387A1

WO1992016387A1 - Vehicle with travelling mechanism

Info

Publication number: WO1992016387A1
Application number: PCT/EP1991/000475
Authority: WO
Inventors: Josef Nusser
Original assignee: Josef Nusser
Priority date: 1991-03-14
Filing date: 1991-03-14
Publication date: 1992-10-01

Abstract

In a vehicle having a travelling mechanism that may be formed by wheels, crawlers, strips or skids secured to a vehicle frame or body, one or several swivelling devices (A, AA) are arranged between the travelling mechanism and/or the vehicle frame (2) or the wheel axles (5) on the one hand and the vehicle frame (1) and/or the vehicle body (7) on the other hand, and/or between the vehicle frame (1) and the vehicle body (7). The swivelling devices (A, AA) allow swivelling movements around one or several swivel axes (S1, S2, S3). The swivel axes (S1, S2, S3) extend or cross each other outside of the corresponding swivelling device (A, AA) in the direction of travel and/or transversely to the direction of travel and/or at an angle to the direction of travel.

Description

Vehicle with chassis

The invention relates to vehicles, work machines or sports equipment or the like. With a chassis, designed as wheel or caterpillar or tape drives or skids, held by a vehicle body or vehicle frame.

Vehicles with chassis of this type are known in a large number of different designs. As a rule, the bogies are attached to the vehicle frame via spring elements. The wheels can be moved in height depending on the load. This leads to the fact that the wheels are pressed unevenly against the spring elements when the road is uneven and are therefore loaded unevenly. In tandem bogies, attempts have been made to overcome these disadvantages by means of a pendulum suspension. Because the axle «takes up space for the pendulum suspension, this axle cannot be mounted at the most convenient location in the area of the carriageway, but only relatively high up. This leads to an unfavorable driving behavior of the undercarriages, with the result that the front wheels are more heavily loaded by the driving resistance. When braking, this effect is significantly increased, so that the undercarriages can almost tip over and cause the undercarriages to oscillate and lead to rough driving behavior. If such trolleys are to be driven, this can lead to moments in which the rear wheels are subjected to greater loads. The unfavorable driving behavior the running gear also leads to a heavy load on the entire vehicle and to an associated wear. Passengers and goods in transit are also subject to high loads.

The object of the invention is to avoid these known disadvantages and to create a vehicle or undercarriage or individual assemblies of the aforementioned type with little effort, in which the wheels or undercarriages even on uneven road surfaces and bumps in the terrain regardless of the current position can easily and automatically adapt the vehicle to the road surface or the course of the terrain. As a result, smooth running is to be achieved even in the case of unsprung vehicles, and in the case of working machines with working tools, these are to be kept constant at the intended level. When cornering or on sloping terrain, the wheels or the undercarriage and / or the vehicle body should assume a position which is favorable for the intended ride. With strong braking or driving forces, the wheels should be evenly loaded, even with tandem running gear, and transmit an increased braking and traction power. Nevertheless, the construction effort and the vehicle weight should be kept low and the driving speed increased. Driving safety is to be increased and a pleasant driving experience should be guaranteed for the passengers.

According to the invention this is achieved in that one or more swivel devices are switched on between a chassis or wheel axles and a vehicle frame and / or a swivel frame and / or between this and a vehicle frame and / or between this and a vehicle body and the swivel movements by one or allow several ideal swivel axes and the ideal swivel axes lie in the direction of travel and / or transverse to the direction of travel and / or at an angle to it and / or intersect. The design of the compensation devices as well as advantageous further developments can be found in the patent claims. Further details, advantages and features of the invention result from the following description and drawing.

In the drawing, some embodiments of the invention are shown schematically and provided with the same reference numerals in relation to each other and the same parts.

It shows:

1 shows a vehicle with tandem running gear and swivel devices,

2 shows a vehicle with a double tandem chassis and one swivel device each and a further swivel device,

3 shows a vehicle with a crawler chassis and swiveling devices,

Fig. 4 shows a vehicle with swivel devices for individual wheels, from the side

5 swivel devices for individual wheels in front or rear view,

6 is a swivel device for a single wheel, arranged laterally,

7 two double trolleys, each with a swivel device in front view,

8 a vehicle with two skids and swivel devices, 9 is a vehicle with skids and swivel devices from the side,

10 shows a rail vehicle with a structure that can be swung about a longitudinal axis and a swiveling device, from the front,

11 the combination of two swivel devices in side view,

12 offset the same by 90 degrees,

13 - 20 swivel devices formed from articulated quadrangles of different designs,

21 shows a perspective view of a swivel device designed as a spatial link mechanism and effective around two axes,

22-25 further embodiments of swivel devices, shown in perspective,

26 a tandem drive he sprung,

27 a swivel device for a tandem carriage,

28 a working machine designed as a hay machine with a swiveling device,

29 shows two independent trolleys, shown in perspective. 30 shows a tandem running gear with swiveling device for a hay machine,

31 shows another tandem bogie for a hay machine,

32 double trolleys for a hay machine with swivel devices,

33 shows a vehicle with a swivel device,

34 trolleys held by means of a swivel device,

35 a rail vehicle, the vehicle body of which is held by means of a swivel device,

36 shows another rail vehicle with a swivel device and

37 shows a vehicle body of a rail vehicle held by means of a swivel device.

1 shows a vehicle with a tandem chassis. On the rear chassis in relation to the direction of travel F, the wheels 5 are rotatably held on the chassis 2 by means of the wheel axles 6. Between the vehicle frame 1 and the chassis 2, a swiveling device a is interposed, which is formed from a four-bar linkage and consists of the couplings a, b and the two links 4 connecting the links 3 via the joints 3, the links 4 being in this way are directed that the straight lines 15 of the links 4 intersect in an ideal swivel axis S1 and the ideal swivel axis S1 simultaneously represents the instantaneous pole of the four-bar linkage a, b, 3, 4. The coupling a is part of the vehicle frame 1 and the coupling b is part of the chassis 2. The ideal swivel axis S1 is a transverse axis and lies in the plane of the roadway 8. This configuration allows the chassis 2 with the wheels 5 Pivoting movements around the ideal pivot axis Sl. If the road 8 is uneven, the wheels 5 can easily adapt to the road 8 regardless of the current position of the vehicle frame 1. Load shocks are avoided and the vehicle runs smoothly. When the wheels 5 are braked, the ideal swivel axis S1 lying in the plane of the roadway 8 compensates for the braking force acting on the wheels 5, so that both wheels 5 are subjected to the same load and the chassis is prevented from tipping over. If the wheels 5 are to be driven, the moments transmitted to the chassis 2 can also compensate each other. In the swiveling device A of the front chassis, the link 4 establishes a connection between the coupling a, b via joints 3. The couplers a, b are articulated in such a way that the links 4 are claimed as suspension links or tension links. The ideal swivel axis S1 of this swivel device lies lower than the wheel axes 6 and higher than the roadway 8. The tensile stress on the links 4 has the advantage that they cannot tilt and can also be carried out very easily. When swiveling deflections of the swiveling device A, the ideal swiveling axis S1 moves in the direction of the wheel axis 6 of the wheel, which is currently in a higher position. As a result, the upper wheel 5 is loaded more heavily and the lower wheel 5 is relieved accordingly.

In the vehicle according to FIG. 2, the vehicle body 7 is placed on the vehicle frame 1. The links 4 establish the connection from the coupling 3 of the vehicle frame 1 to the coupling b of the swivel frame via the joints 3 and form a four-bar linkage, the instantaneous pole of which determines an ideal swivel axis S1 which lies at the level of the roadway a. A swiveling device A is thus formed, which permits swiveling movements of the swiveling frame 12 about the associated swiveling axis S1. On the swivel frame 12, two chassis 2 are attached via the interposed swivel devices A formed from quadrilaterals a, b, 3, 4, 2, 12, which can be swiveled about the respective ideal swivel axis S1. This arrangement enables a uniform load distribution and roadway adaptation of a chassis with four wheels 5 arranged one behind the other even with braking and driving forces acting simultaneously.

3 shows a vehicle with a crawler track. Two swivel devices A formed from articulated quadrilaterals a, b, 3, 4, 1, 12 :) with ideal swivel axes S1 extending transversely to the direction of travel F connect the swivel frame 12 to the vehicle frame 1. The swivel frames 12 are around these ideal swivel axes S1 swiveling. A further swivel device A connects the chassis 2 to the swivel frame 12. The large wheels 5 mounted on the swivel frame 12 and the small wheels 5 run on a crawler belt or treadmill 9 which wraps around the chassis. The ideal swivel axes S1 lie at the level of the caterpillar track or treadmill 9 or a roadway 8. Road bumps and changing moments are largely compensated for by this configuration. The chassis shown can also be used without caterpillar tracks or treadmill 9. The wheels 5 then roll directly on a carriageway 8,

In the vehicle according to FIG. 4, the rear wheel 5 and the chassis 2 can be pivoted via a swiveling device A about an ideal swiveling axis S1 approximately perpendicular to the wheel axis 6 and below the roadway 8, in which the straight line 15 of the handlebars 4 intersect . The front chassis 3 and the wheel 5 can be pivoted about an ideal swivel axis S1, which lies in front of the wheel axis 6 and below the roadway 8.

5 shows a wheel suspension in which each wheel 5 can be pivoted about an ideal swivel axis S2 lying longitudinally to the direction of travel F below the carriageway 8. For this purpose, each wheel 5 is suspended on the vehicle frame 1 by means of a swivel device A via the chassis 2 belonging to it. The swivel device A is designed and arranged in such a way that the straight lines 15 of the links 4 intersect in the associated swivel axis S2. When driving straight ahead or when the vehicle is stationary, the wheels 5 are held approximately vertically by the weight of the vehicle. As soon as a centrifugal force occurs when cornering, the wheels 5 automatically incline into the curve like a bicycle. This increases the road grip of the wheels 5 and achieves a favorable driving behavior of the vehicle. The swiveling movements of the wheels 5 about the swiveling axes S2 automatically counteract the beginning of the skidding movements of the vehicle. This also significantly increases driving safety. 6, a swivel device A is attached to the side of a wheel 5. The ideal swivel axis S2 formed at the intersection of the straight line 15 of the links 4 lies under the roadway 8. The effect of this training is similar to that of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 shows landing gears as can be used in aircraft for takeoff and landing. The chassis 2 are formed by the wheel axles 6 and connected to the vehicle frame 1 via the pivoting devices A. The pivot axes S2 determined by the point of intersection of the straight line of the links 4 lie in the plane of the carriageway 8. The wheels 5 can adapt to the carriageway 8 in any position of the vehicle.

The vehicle according to FIG. 8 represents a slide with skids 11. The coupling a is part of the vehicle frame 1, the coupling b being part of the chassis 2 and the links 4 establish the connection between the two via the joints 3 . This forms the articulated quadrilaterals a, b, 3, 4, the instantaneous poles of which determine the position of the ideal swiveling axes S2 and which lie below the carriageway 8. During operation, the runners 11 and the chassis automatically lie in the curve and then straighten up again automatically. This can significantly increase driving safety and driving speed.

Fig. 9 shows a carriage from the side. A sliding skid 11 is articulated on the chassis frame 1 via two swivel devices A, and the swivel axis S1 can be swiveled about an ideal swivel axis S1 lying at the level of the carriageway 8. This configuration ensures good adaptation to a wavy roadway 8 and greater driving safety. The vehicle frame 1 runs smoothly. 10 has wheels 5 which are adapted to the rails 14 and which can be rotated on the wheel axle 6. The ^'in the vehicle longitudinal direction extending Hol¬ me la represent a part of the vehicle frame 1, and are connected in a known way to the wheel axles. 6 The linkage 4 establishes a connection between a coupling b belonging to the vehicle frame 1 and a coupling a belonging to the vehicle body 7 via the joints 3. This creates a four-bar linkage a, b, 3, 4 and thus a swiveling device A with an ideal swiveling axis S2 which runs in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and which lies above the swiveling device A and above the center of gravity of the entire tool assembly 7. The vehicle body 7 can be pivoted about the ideal pivot axis S2. When the ideal swivel axis S2 lies above the center of gravity M of the vehicle body including the load, when cornering, the vehicle body automatically leans into the curve due to the centrifugal force, so that the uncomfortable lateral accelerations for the passengers are eliminated. In order to change the position of the ideal swivel axes S2, it is provided that the links 4 are articulated accordingly at articulation points 3a. The pivoting deflections of the vehicle body 7 can also be influenced by known control elements, dampers and restraints.

The combination of two swivel devices A arranged one above the other is shown in a side view in FIG. The coupling a of the upper four-bar linkage and the coupling b of the lower four-bar linkage form the common intermediate frame to which the links 4 are articulated and which connects the two pivoting devices to one another. The two swivel devices A are designed such that the swivel axis S1 is below the swivel axis S2. Are the two combined swiveling devices A ca _; Installed at 45 degrees around a vertical axis in a vehicle, the pivot axes S1 and S2 become inclined to the direction of travel F pivot axes S3, which intersect. FIG. 12 shows the same combination of two swiveling devices A as shown in FIG. 11, but in a five-dimensional or rear view.

13 shows a swivel device A, in which the coupling a and the coupling b intersect.

14, the ideal line a 'of the coupling a, which is shown in dash-dotted lines, intersects with the ideal line b' of the coupling b.

In the swivel device A shown in FIG. 15, the coupling a belonging to the vehicle frame 1 is at the bottom, and the coupling b associated with the chassis 2 is at the top.

In FIG. 16, the handlebars of a swiveling device A are replaced by arcuate guideways 16 and sliding bodies or rollers 17, the path normal 15 of which intersect at the moment and determine an ideal swiveling axis S at its intersection.

17 shows a swivel device A with a straight guide track 16 and a sliding body or a roller 17, the path normal 15 of which intersect with the straight line 15 of a handlebar 4 and at the intersection of which the instantaneous pole and an ideal swivel axis S lie.

18 is an embodiment similar to that in fig. 17, but with an arcuate guide track 16, whereas FIG. 19 has an overhead straight guide track 16.

In the swivel device according to FIG. 20, the links 4 are designed as leaf springs and are firmly clamped at the coupling points 18 on the coupling a and the coupling b. Due to the elasticity of the links 4 designed as leaf springs, pivoting movements about a pivot axis S are permitted in one plane. The leaf springs can also cause a return to the normal position. FIG. 21 shows a swiveling device AA formed from a spatial link mechanism and allowing swiveling movements about several swiveling axes S1 and S2. The coupling bb has four articulation points 19 which represent the corner points for a quadrilateral at which the links 4 'are articulated in a ball-and-socket manner. At the other end, the links 4 * an_.den articulation points 20 of the coupling aa, which form a smaller square, are also articulated in a ball-and-socket manner. As a result of this structure and arrangement, the plane of the front link 4 'intersects with the plane of the rear link 4' in the ideal pivot axis S1, the position of which is determined thereby. The ideal pivot axis S2 lies at the intersection of the planes of the links 4 'arranged laterally from the center.

22 shows a further swivel device AA formed from a spatial link mechanism, which has three links 4 'which are articulated at the articulation points 19 of the coupling aa which represent the corner points of a triangle and converge obliquely downward and connect the vehicle frame 1 to the chassis 2 at the lower end by likewise articulated articulation at the articulation points 20 belonging to the bump bb, which represent the corner points for a smaller triangle. This configuration enables swiveling movements in a simple manner, for example around the ideal swiveling axes S1 and S2

23, the swivel device AA is also formed from a spatial link gear. The vehicle frame 1 has the articulation points 19 and the chassis 2 also has three articulation points 20, at which the links 4 * are articulated and connect the vehicle frame 1 to the chassis 2. This configuration allows swivel movements. the ideal swivel axes Sl and S2 too. With the swivel device AA acc. 24 with four links 4 'crosses the head aa with the link bb and according to FIG. 25 with three links 4 ".

According to the vehicle 26, the ideal swiveling axis of the swiveling device A lies at the level of the roadway 8. A spring assembly 26 is connected to the coupling a, which produces the connection to the wheel axles 6 and between them.

FIG. 27 shows a vehicle with a swiveling device A, in which the coupling a and the coupling b intersect. In the normal position, the ideal swivel axis Sl is in the middle between the roadway 8 and the wheel axles 6. This configuration allows the ideal swivel axis Sl to also move approximately vertically upwards when the front wheel 5 is raised sharply by uneven road surfaces or obstacles. This has the advantage that there is always a uniform load and force distribution on both wheels 5, because the ideal pivot axis S1 also represents the force point for the chassis 2.

28 shows a rotary swather from the side. The machine frame 1 is connected to a three-point bracket 25 and is provided with a gear 24 which drives a work gyro which consists of a plate 23, tine arms 21 and rake tines 22. Part of the machine frame 1 extends downward from the transmission 23 and has a coupling a at its lower end. A coupling b represents a part of the chassis 2 on which two wheels 5 are rotatably held by means of the wheel axles 6. The handlebar 4 styles by articulation on the joints 3 a pivot connection between the coupling a and b or between the machine frame 1 and a chassis 2. As a result, a quadrilateral joint 3, 4, a, b is formed with an instantaneous pole, through which one is transverse to the direction of travel - In ¬

horizontal ideal pivot axis Sl goes for a chassis 2. The chassis 2 with the wheels 5 can be pivoted about the ideal pivot axis S1, the level of which lies between the floor surface 8 and the wheel axes 6. In the case of short-wave bumps in the ground, the four-bar linkage 3, 4, a, b compensates for this and transfers only a small part of it to the machine frame 1, so that it is carried quietly over the field and the intended distance of the lower ends of the rake tines 22 to the ground surface is wide is strictly observed.

Two independent undercarriages 2, each with two wheels 5, are shown in perspective in FIG. 29. In relation to the direction of travel F, the front wheels 5 are arranged inside and the rear wheels 5 outside a chassis 2. 30 shows an embodiment in which the coupling b is arranged at the top and the coupling a is arranged at the bottom. The instantaneous pole of the four-bar linkage 3, 4, a, b, or the ideal pivot axis S1 lies in the plane of the bottom surface 8. If the position of a pivot axis S1 is to be changed, the length of a coupling a, b must be changed by at least one link 4 is articulated at another hinge point 3a. According to FIG. 31, the coupling a has two rollers 17 which are guided in guideways 16 of the coupling b or the chassis 2. The path normals 15 of the guideways 16 and the rollers 17 determine a pivot axis S1 at their intersection, which lies approximately at the height of the wheel axes 6. In FIG. 32, handlebars 4 produce a swivel connection between a coupling a and a coupling b such that the associated chassis 2 with wheels 5 can be swiveled about an ideal swivel axis S2 lying longitudinally to the direction of travel. The ideal swivel axes S2 can lie under the floor surface 8. The pivoting device A in FIG. 33 has links 4 ″, which are designed as spring elements and allow the spring movements in the direction of their straight line 15.

34, chassis 2 with wheels 5 are held on the vehicle frame 1 by means of swivel devices A so that they can swivel about ideal swivel axes S1, the spring elements 27 permitting suspension. Because the ideal swivel axis! Sl is exactly the same as the force application point 28 of the wheels 5 with respect to the road 8 at the same height, the chassis 2 are not pivoted even with strong driving and braking forces, so that a neutral driving behavior is given and the wheels 5 do not immerse. With the front swiveling device A in relation to the direction of travel F, the ideal swiveling axis Sl can move into a position Sl 'during swiveling movements «

FIG. 35 shows a rail vehicle, the structure 7 of which is held resiliently by means of a pivoting device A and can be pivoted about an ideal pivot axis S2. The steering arms 4 ″ are designed as spring elements and allow spring movements in the direction of their straight line 15. The links 4 ″ establish a connection between the couplings a and b via joints 3. A swivel device A is thereby formed. The straight lines 15 intersect in the ideal swivel axis S2, which also represents the instantaneous pole of the four-bar linkage a, b, 3, 4 ″ and lies higher than the center of gravity M of the vehicle body.

In FIG. 36, control arms 4 ′ * establish the connection between a coupling a, which is associated with the vehicle body 7 or the vehicle frame 1, and a coupling b, which is part of the wheel axle 6, via articulations 3. The links 4 ″ are articulated in such a way that their straight line 15 at the intersection determine an ideal swivel axis S2, which lies above the center of gravity M of the vehicle body 7. The vehicle body 7 is thus sprung and can automatically pivot into an optimal position when cornering.

37 shows a swivel device A, which is formed from guide tracks 16 and guide rollers 17 and by means of which the vehicle body 7 is held on the chassis 2 so that it can pivot about an ideal swivel axis S2. The ideal swivel axis S2 lies above the swivel device A at the intersection of the path normal 15 of the guideways 16 or guide rollers 16 and higher than the center of gravity of the vehicle body 7.

The pivoting devices A, AA need not necessarily be arranged so that either a transverse ideal pivot axis Sl and / or a longitudinally disposed ideel¬ le pivot axis S2 results, but a pivoting device A, AA ^'can be rotated far enough that all dazwischenlie¬ constricting directions , for example, ideal swivel axes S3 lying at an angle to the direction of travel F are also possible. Furthermore, the ideal swivel axes S1, S2, S3 can be inclined to the road. The couplers a, b, aa, bb of a swivel device A, AA represent the connection point with respect to the vehicle frame 1, a chassis 2 or wheel axle 6, a swivel frame 12 or a vehicle body 7.

Furthermore, it is provided that wherever a swivel device A is shown, a swivel device AA can be used instead.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Vehicle, work machine or sports equipment or the like. With a chassis, designed as a wheel or Raupen¬ or tape drive or skids, held on a vehicle frame or vehicle body characterized in that between a chassis (2) or wheel axles (6th ) and a vehicle frame (1) and / or a swivel frame (12) and / or between it and a vehicle frame (1) and / or between it and a vehicle body (7) one or more swivel devices (A, AA) are switched on and allow the swiveling movements and one or more ideal swiveling axes (Sl, S2, S3) and the ideal swiveling axes (Sl, S2, S3) in the direction of travel and / or transverse to the direction of travel and / or at an angle to it and / or cross.

2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more ideal swivel axes (Sl, S2, S3) of a swivel device (A, AA) are lower than this.

3. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one or more ideal swivel axes (Sl, S2, S3) run approximately parallel to the roadway (8).

4. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-3, characterized ge indicates that one or more ideal swivel axes (Sl, S2, S3) inclined to the roadway (8).

5. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-4, characterized ge indicates that one or more ideal swivel axes (Sl, S2, S3) are at the level of the wheel axles (6).

6. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-5, characterized ge indicates that one or more ideal pivot axes (Sl, S2, S3) lie in the plane of the roadway (8).

7. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-6, characterized ge indicates that one or more ideal swivel axes (Sl, S2, S3) between the plane of the roadway (8) and the

Wheel axles (6) lie.

8. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-7, characterized ge indicates that one or more ideal swivel axes (Sl, S2, S3) run below the roadway (8).

9. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-8, characterized ge indicates that one or more ideal pivot axes (Sl, S2, S3) are higher than the wheel axes (6).

10. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-9, characterized ge indicates that the ideal pivot axis (S2) of the body (7) lies above its pivoting device (A, AA).

11. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-10, characterized ge indicates that the ideal pivot axis (S2) of the body (7) lies above its center of gravity (M).

12. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-11, characterized ge indicates that a swivel device (A) is formed from a four-bar linkage, which is designed and arranged such that its instantaneous pole an ideal swivel axis (Sl, S2, S3) represents.

13. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 - 12, characterized in that the link (4) via joints (3) produce the connection between coupling (a, b) and the straight line (15) of the link (4) cut in an ideal swivel axis (Sl) and this runs in the road plane (8).

14. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-13, characterized ge indicates that the handlebars (4) are designed and arranged as suspension or tension control arms and establish a connection between the coupling (a, b) and a joints (3) Create the swivel device (A) and determine the straight line (15) of the handlebars (4) at the intersection of an ideal swivel axis (S1, S2, S3).

15. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-14, characterized ge indicates that handlebars (4) establish the connection to the coupling (a, b) and the coupling (a, b) cross.

16. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-15, characterized ge indicates that for a swivel device (A) guide tracks (16) are provided, in which sliding or rolling bodies (17) are guided and the track standards (15th ) of the guideways (16) or sliding or rolling elements (17) determine an ideal swivel axis (S1, S2, S3) at the intersection.

17. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-16, characterized ge indicates that the link (4) is designed as a leaf spring and via coupling points (18) establish the connection between couplers (a, b).

18. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-17, characterized ge indicates that the link (4) via joints (3) coupling (a, b) connect and the straight line (15) of the link (4) in an ideal pivot axis ( S2) cut and which represents a longitudinal axis.

19. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-18, characterized ge indicates that in a swivel device (A) the Len¬ ker (4) are arranged such that their straight lines (15) are approximately perpendicular to a wheel axis (6th ) cut the ideal swivel axis (Sl).

20. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-19, characterized ge indicates that in a swivel device (A) with links (4) whose straight lines (15) in front of or behind a wheel axis (6) and below the road intersect , and thereby form an ideal swivel axis (Sl).

21. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-20, characterized ge indicates that a swivel device (AA) is formed by a spatial link transmission by a coupling (aa) three or more articulation points (19) and a coupling (bb) the same Number of pivot points (20), and

Handlebars (4 ¹⁾ points (19, 20) articulated via spherical linkages to the Gelenk¬ connect between a coupling (aa) and a coupling (bb).

22. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-21, characterized ge indicates that the articulation points (19, 20) represent the corner points for a triangle, quadrilateral or polygon, and its size with the size of the associated coupling (aa, bb ) is identical.

23. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-22, characterized ge indicates that the coupling (aa, bb) belonging to a swivel device (AA) have different sizes.

24. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-23, characterized ge indicates that a pivoting device (AA) allows pivoting movements between a coupling (aa) and a coupling (bb) around two ideal pivot axes (S) and these intersect.

25. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-24, characterized ge indicates that two ideal swivel axes (S) of a swivel device (AA) run at different heights.

26. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-25, characterized ge indicates that the ideal line (a *) of the paddock (a) cross with the ideal line (b ¹ ) of the paddock (b).

27. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-26, characterized ge indicates that the coupling (aa) and the coupling (bb) intersect.

28. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-27, characterized ge indicates that two mutually parallel quadrangles are coupled to one another via webs (13) or the like.

29. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-28, characterized ge indicates that a swivel frame (12) between at least two swivel devices (A) is switched on.

30. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 - 29, characterized in that the wheels (5) are drivable.

31. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 - 30, characterized in that the wheels (5) are steerable.

32. Vehicle according to one of claims 1- 31, characterized ge indicates that the wheels (5) can be braked.

33. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-32, characterized ge indicates that the position of the ideal swivel axis (Sl, S2, S3) is adjustable and at least one link of the swivel device (A, AA) is adjustable in length.

34. Vehicle according to one of claims 1- 33, characterized ge indicates that a pivoting device (A, AA) can be influenced by spring elements (10).

35. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-34, characterized ge indicates that in tandem axles spring assemblies (26) produce the connection between the wheel axles (6).

36. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-35, characterized ge indicates that the ideal pivot axes (Sl, S2, S3) are inclined to the roadway (8).

37. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-36, characterized in that ideal swivel axes (S1, S2, S3) extend outside of an associated swivel device (A, AA).

38. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-37, characterized ge indicates that pivoting devices (A, AA) are formed and arranged in such a way that braking or driving forces that occur are mutually compensated.

39. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-38, characterized ge indicates that the straight lines (15) of the links (4 ') of a swivel device (A) converge.

40. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 - 39, characterized in that two pivot axes (S) of a pivoting device (AA) are at different heights.

41. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-40, characterized in that a link (4 ¹¹ ) is formed as a spring element.

42. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-41, characterized ge indicates that a link (4 ¹¹ ) allows spring movements in the direction of its straight line (15).

43. Vehicle according to one of claims 1-42, characterized ge indicates that the link (4 * ') via links (3, 19, 20) couple (a, b, aa, bb) and connect the straight lines (15) in Determine the intersection of an ideal swivel axis (S1, S2, S3}.