DE102006005099A1 - Solar collector, useful as evaporator in water desalination apparatus, comprises parabolic or semicylindrical dish reflector with absorber in form of telescopic tube - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar collector comprises a parabolic or semicylindrical dish reflector (29) with an absorber in the form of a telescopic tube conveying a working medium in the focal plane (30) of the reflector. Independent claims are also included for: (1) A solar collector with a square or cylindrical absorber through which a working medium flows, where the absorber is designed as a base plate or floats in the working medium; (2) A solar collector with a spherical, hemispherical or lenticular absorber that is spanned at a distance by a transparent cover and with working medium supply pipe connected to a storage tank and with a working medium discharge pipe, where the supply pipe rises through the center of the absorber and the discharge pipe is at the apex of the cover; (3) A solar collector with an absorber that is spanned at a distance by a transparent cover and (verb missing) with working medium supply pipe connected to a storage tank and with a working medium discharge pipe, where the solar collector comprises a flexible container at the bottom and the flexible container is mounted in a metal frame and serves as the absorber or as an air bladder or a storage vessel for the working medium; (4) A solar collector with an absorber conveying a working medium, comprising externally perforated rails for holding a heat-insulating fabric; and (5) A water desalination apparatus comprising a solar collector as above as an evaporator, where salt water flows through the absorber as the working medium and and the apparatus comprises a device for collecting condensate.

Description

The The invention relates to solar panels according to the generic terms the claims 1, 10, 16, 24 and 32 and a water desalination apparatus.

The US-A-4 239 033 discloses a solar collector having at least one well-shaped parabolic or semi-cylindrical reflector and one in its Focal point line arranged, a working medium leading Pipe sorber, whose outer surface ripped is. about the reflector is a transparent cover is arranged.

In the following shows the DE 31 01 186 A1 a solar collector with a working medium leading absorber comprising at least one dome-shaped, hemispherical or spherical wound hose.

In addition, from the EP 0 466 107 A1 a solar collector in at least approximately dome-shaped, hemispherical or spherical shape known, comprising a storage tank and this spaced enclosing transparent hood, wherein the storage tank directly serves as an absorber.

Furthermore, the shows DE 20 2004 002 535 U1 a double-walled ball / hemisphere collector with a tubular or smooth absorber surface made of plastic or metal. An inlet for a working medium opens into a gap between a transparent cover and the curved absorber surface. In the center of the absorber surface, a downpipe is provided as a drain for the working medium.

Furthermore, from the DE 101 52 702 A1 a method and an arrangement for solar thermal desalination known. In the focal line of parabolic trough mirrors, air is heated in heat-insulated pipes and blown from below into a reactor in which salt or brackish water is sprayed from above for evaporation. The generated steam is condensed in a cooling vessel, at the same time serving to preheat the salt water to be supplied.

It Object of the invention, solar panels and a water desalination device to create the type mentioned, in a simple Structure have a high efficiency and work efficiently.

According to the invention Task by a solar collector with the features of the claim 1 solved.

With the telescoping of the tube absorber, ie its length change, is going to change the Volume of the working medium, which is in the range of the reflector for warming located. Furthermore, those of the working medium are reduced perfused Cross sections of the pipe absorber, wherein the largest te cross section an inlet of the Working medium is assigned, which is why the working fluid undergoes a relatively large heating and the solar collector with a simple structure high efficiency and works efficiently.

In Embodiment are the inner diameter of the telescopic pipe sections of the pipe absorber dimensioned so differently that with the telescoping a significant change The flow rate of the working medium is accompanied. The vaporizing working medium therefore has due to the law of energy conservation the flow of Bernoulli at an outlet of the pipe absorber a high speed and is suitable for driving a downstream steam turbine, at the outlet of which the condensed working medium is collected and fed again to the pipe absorber can be. Furthermore, behind the steam turbine, for example drives a generator, a capacitor can be arranged.

Around one possible size surface for heat transfer to provide at least the largest in diameter Pipe section on a ribbed outer surface. Of course Is it possible, all To provide pipe sections with a ribbed or corrugated surface.

alternative The task is performed by a solar collector with the characteristics of Claim 4 solved.

Of the designed as a double-walled pipe absorber absorber leads a relatively small amount of the working medium between a transparent outer tube and an inner tube, which is why this quickly to a high temperature heated becomes.

To provide a large heat transfer surface, at least one inner tube preferably has a ribbed outer surface. The serving as absorber inner tube is particularly black. Alternatively, a transparent thermal insulation through which the working medium flows is arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube. The heat insulation, for example, made of plastic also causes an increase in the heat transfer surface. At the same time, the thermal insulation effect regulating the flow rate of the working medium.

In order to the solar collector has a compact design, expediently runs the focal line within the reflector. Preferably, above the Reflector a translucent cover arranged. By the example made of plastic cover the pollution of the reflector is reduced. After a training Several reflectors are arranged next to each other, their tube absorber in fluid communication with each other stand. If the pipe absorbers are connected in series, the working medium will be gradual heated and it is a high temperature achievable.

Farther the object is alternatively according to the invention by a solar collector solved with the features of claim 10.

by virtue of of the wound hose, of course, by a corresponding shaped pipe possesses the solar collector a heat-absorbing surface, the greater than its base area is. The frame determines the shape of the absorber, which never the whole area in contact with the frame comes, why heat losses over the Frame without an additional Isolation are low and the solar panel at a simple Structure has a high efficiency. The frame can, for example be made of plastic or include a metal frame. Preferably, the frame is made of metal, recordable using a laser-cut component or a wire, manufactured. The individual components can, for example, with a Be cut laser. It is also possible to make the frame out of one To produce metal wire.

Conveniently, is inserted into the rack a storage tank for the working medium. The storage tank is thus the heat radiation exposed to the hose and the environment and the working medium is heated, before it is passed through the absorber.

Preferably the storage tank consists of a flexible plastic. Since the Storage tank is held by the rack, it is not necessary that he has a high intrinsic stability having.

advantageously, The hose includes a transparent outer skin and a dark, in particular black inner skin. The transparent outer skin provides an insulation layer to increase the efficiency of the solar collector.

In Embodiment are two absorbers to a ge shaped accordingly hollow body composed. Accordingly, you can the two absorbers z. B. form a ball.

A another alternative solution The task is performed by a solar collector with the features of claim 16.

by virtue of of these features is the solar collector for heating a relatively large volume designed for the working medium.

A fifth alternative solution The task is performed by a solar collector with the features of claim 17.

at the solar panel with one of a transparent cover spaced spanned hemispherical or lenticular Absorber extends through an inlet pipe coupled to a storage tank for the Working medium as a riser the center of the absorber, thus itself that in the gap between the cover and the absorber incoming Working medium evenly over the Absorber distributed and heated by this efficiently. A drainpipe for Removal of the heated working fluid is in the vertex of Cover inserted.

Furthermore the object is alternatively according to the invention by a solar collector solved with the features of claim 18.

advantageous Further developments are subject matter of claims 19 to 23.

The For example, formed as a water working medium is in the Absorber filled and leaves warmed up this through the drainpipe, which serves as the inlet for the working medium at least one, but preferably a plurality of circumferential holes immediately below the absorber. At the free end of the drain pipe attached plate is from below the absorber at.

Around a mixing of the incoming through the inlet cold working medium with the already heated in the absorber warm working medium largely To prevent, on the one hand, the drain pipe in a bottom-mounted Pipe used and on the other hand, the inlet pipe is a baffle assigned. Of course The tube has a much larger diameter than the drainpipe on and ends below the absorber, leaving the working medium when reaching a certain level first in the tube passes and there acts insulating. So that the working medium too to heat without solar radiation is located inside the absorber, a heating rod, for example is electrically heated.

Further the object is alternatively according to the invention by a solar collector solved with the features of claim 24.

advantageous Further developments are subject matter of claims 25 to 31.

Of the inserted into the metal frame container can with the working medium, which can also be water, filled be used as an absorber or reservoir. Of course it is it is easily possible for the person skilled in the art Individual parts of the metal frame, for example by means of laser cutting economical to manufacture. At a filling with air serves the container as a swim bladder and the solar collector is up, for example to operate a lake or the sea. So that the flexible container in the filled Condition no pressure-related damage suffers, he is in the metal frame used.

At the fill of the container puffs up the same, taking the spirally wound flexible Wire deformed until the wire is a container embracing and stabilizing Metal frame forms. Of course, two interconnected Spirals may be provided which engage over the container in its entire contour. Conveniently, wear this Metal frame on a wound hose. The example filled with water Hose is used for insulation.

Around to withstand the prevailing internal pressure, is preferably the pressurized containers elliptical or lenticular educated.

In Design opens the inlet pipe in the overflow openings having absorber serving container and the one end of the Drain pipe is between the container and the cover arranged. After the working medium has a specific level reached within the container made of a black foil has, it passes through the overflow in the outer skin of the container in one between the container and in particular a substantially hemispherical transparent cover formed intermediate space for heating. The gap leaves the gap Working medium over the drainpipe, which is located approximately in the center of the cover. So that the working medium is not uncontrolled from the gap exit is the container sealed circumferentially against the cover or the absorber.

Conveniently, are the absorber and / or the container as well as the cover on attached to a common plate, in turn, on an insulation is arranged.

Furthermore the object is alternatively according to the invention by a solar collector solved with the features of claim 32.

advantageous Further developments are subject matter of claims 33 to 37.

Of the Solar collector can handle both liquids, especially water, as well as operated with gases and serves for desalination of water, wherein the accumulating condensate is collected, and / or cooling of clear due to the evaporation of the liquid Working medium. The knitted fabric represents for a transparent insulation and can, with a corresponding dark, especially black color as Absorber can be used, since it causes an enlargement of the heat transfer surface and at the same time regulating the flow rate of the working medium acts.

Of course, additionally or alternatively outer walls be carried out of the solar collector as an absorber. The knitted fabric is for example plate-shaped trained and installed in one or more layers. Is that made of glass (fibers) or plastic-made knitted fabric produced transparent, arises a relatively large evaporation of the Working medium, the associated space, z. A greenhouse, cools. In a canal-shaped execution of fabric, the solar panel can be louvered on a building facade or on a refrigerated vehicle attached to the realization of a cooling become. In connection with a desalination plant is above the absorber a dome-shaped or channel-shaped or tunnel-shaped condensate collecting device arranged the fresh water obtained by the evaporation fields and a tunnel-shaped one Clippings supplies. The outside on the solar panel existing perforated rails are for holding the serving as thermal insulation Tissue provided. By a corresponding shaping of the tissue will be a relatively high Strength achieved and the solar collector can be considered more thermal Insulator used to save energy.

at a solar thermal desalination device will at least one of the previously described solar panels used as an evaporator, wherein flows through the absorber salt water as the working medium and a Collecting device for whose condensate is provided.

In order to compensate for the advantages and disadvantages of individual solar panels, preferably the solar panels are connected via a pipeline for the salt water in series with each other. Accordingly, the salt water is gradually heated and evaporated, with each or all solar panel can be assigned to collecting freshwater condensate collecting devices.

Prefers is a spherical one Condenser provided in the center of a vertical inlet and to offset a condensate drain is used. Of course you can the condenser also be channel-shaped or tunnel-shaped. Conveniently, the inlet is coupled to the pipeline. The inlet can both be designed as single or double-walled, and it is also conceivable that the inlet cross section changes has in its course and is telescopic, for example, to regulate the flow rate to be able to make. The capacitor is preferably the last of the series connected Solar panels arranged downstream, so that the steam of salt water reaches the condenser at a maximum temperature, on its outer wall the condensate precipitates, that collects on the ground and over the condensate drain is derived. The capacitor can at least be partially formed as an absorber.

in the Further, alternatively, the working fluid may condense in a turbine.

It It is understood that the above and below to be explained features not only in the specified combination, but also in other combinations are usable. The scope of the invention is only through the claims Are defined.

The Invention will be described below with reference to several embodiments with reference to the associated Drawings closer explained. It shows:

1 a schematic representation of a desalination device according to the invention with a plurality of series-connected solar panels according to the invention, which serve as an evaporator,

2 a schematic representation of an alternative solar collector according to the invention,

3 a schematic representation of the solar collector after 2 on an exterior facade of a building,

4 a schematic representation of an alternative desalination device according to the invention with the solar collector after 2 .

5 a schematic representation of a second alternative solar collector according to the invention,

6 a schematic representation of a third alternative solar collector according to the invention and

7 a schematic representation of a fourth alternative solar collector according to the invention.

In the water desalination apparatus, brine flows as a working medium through an inlet 1 in a first solar collector, its absorber 2 one around a hemispherical frame 3 wrapped hose 4 includes. The frame 3 is designed as a metal frame and takes a storage tank 5 made of a flexible plastic for the salt water. In the center of a transparent cover 6 spanned absorber 2 go down a downpipe 7 from the hose 4 off, that with a pipeline 8th communicating in a floor slab 9 is admitted. The bottom plate 9 is thermally insulated and supports both the frame 3 as well as the efficiency increasing cover 6 of the solar collector. Due to the winding of the hose 4 as well as the shape of the frame 3 a uniform temperature of the salt water is achieved in a direction-independent positioning of the solar collector.

About the pipeline 8th The salt water enters a second solar collector, which also on a thermally insulated, a tank comprehensive bottom plate 10 is mounted and a transparent kalbkogelförmige cover 11 having a correspondingly shaped absorber 12 spans. The absorber 12 includes an outer wall 13 and a spaced inner wall 14 and leads in his thus formed gap 15 that via a bottom plate plate side inlet opening 16 inflowing salt water to be heated, via a in the center of the absorber 12 arranged downpipe 17 and the associated pipeline 8th get to a third solar panel. As the absorber 12 takes a relatively small amount of salt water, this is heated quickly to a high temperature. Below the absorber 12 In turn, a storage tank communicating therewith may preheat the salt water on the bottom plate 10 be arranged.

A third solar collector covers one with the pipeline 8th associated absorber 18 inside with a transparent cover 19 provided and designed as a bottom plate. The absorber 18 contributes to increase the heat transfer surface by a flow of salt water thermal insulation 20 , which is made of plastic. Instead of the cover 19 can also be a catch direction for fresh water condensate.

About with the absorber 18 coupled pipeline 8th The salt water passes to a fourth solar collector, the two side by side, trough-shaped parabolic reflectors 21 comprising heat insulations on their backs and their focal lines within the reflectors 22 tube absorbers 23 . 24 are arranged, wherein a pipe absorber 23 consists of a smooth or ribbed pipe and the other pipe absorber 24 double-walled. Between an inner tube 25 and an outer tube 26 of the double-walled pipe absorber 24 is a traversed by the salt water transparent insulation 27 arranged. About the reflectors 21 extends a transparent cover 28 ,

A fifth solar panel over the pipeline 8th is connected to the fourth solar collector, also has a trough-shaped parabolic reflector 29 with one inside the reflector 29 extending focal line 30 along, along a telekopierbarer pipe absorber 31 is arranged, extending over the reflector 29 a transparent cover 33 extends. The inner diameter of the telescopic pipe sections 32 of the pipe absorber 31 are dimensioned so differently that with the telescoping sig nificant change in the flow rate of salt water is accompanied. At an open outlet end of the pipe sorber 31 is a steam turbine connected to a generator 34 arranged, which is driven by the evaporated salt water.

The precipitated condensate is collected and passed through the pipeline 8th a feed 35 a spherical capacitor 36 , in turn, partly as an absorber 37 is formed, fed to the inlet in the center of the condenser 36 protrudes and causes a condensate drain 38 is provided.

The solar collector according to the 2 to 4 stands over a pipeline 39 with inserted pump 40 a storage container 41 for the formed as water working medium in communication, wherein the pipeline 39 into a distribution channel 42 flows through the water through openings 43 above several layers of a knitted fabric 44 got into the solar collector. Water that does not evaporate will have a return 45 in the reservoir 41 ,

When arranging the solar collector on an external facade 46 a building serving as a greenhouse 47 is a fan 48 to create a knitted fabric 44 provided by flowing air flow, which promotes the evaporated water for cooling in the building or a room thereof, as by the arrows 49 is indicated. With an air flow through the enclosed knitted fabric 44 instead of water, the knitted fabric works 44 as a thermal insulator and can be used as a cover.

For evaporating the water in a desalination device is the T-shaped arranged large-area knitted fabric 44 to 4 from a film serving as an absorber 50 covered. Here, the solar collector can be made floatable. The condensate produced by the evaporation is in a tunnel-shaped condensate trap 51 above the knitwear 44 collected and through a process 52 fed to a collection container.

The solar collector after 5 includes a lenticular container 61 as an absorber 53 is used and peripherally sealed to a substantially hemispherical transparent cover 54 is applied. The absorber 53 is made of a black flexible film 55 manufactured and surrounded on the outside by a stabilizing metal frame, which consists of a helically wound wire. In the absorber 53 an inlet pipe opens 56 for the working medium containing the absorber 53 inflated as it flows in. When inflating the absorber 53 nestles the metal frame on the outer wall and changes according to the size of the absorber 53 his form. The working medium passes over overflow openings 57 of the absorber 53 in a gap 58 between the cover 54 and the absorber 53 where it is at a certain level by one with a free end in the gap 58 protruding drainpipe 59 is derived. When emptying the absorber 53 this falls together and the metal frame also reduces its size, as its turns shift due to gravity. Inside the transparent cover 54 Hygrophilic materials can be provided to increase the evaporator surface, which in particular special effect in the desalination of water advantageous.

According to the solar collector 6 is located below the transparent cover 54 a substantially hemispherical absorber 60 in the container made of a flexible material 61 is inserted circumferentially sealed. The container 61 is surrounded by a substantially consisting of a spirally wound flexible wire metal frame and is filled with air as a swim bladder. When inflating the container 61 nestles the metal frame on the outer wall and changes according to the size of the container 61 his form. Through the inlet pipe 56 the working fluid enters a gap 58 between the cover 54 and the absorber 60 in which it is heated and at a certain level by the one with the free end in the intermediate space 58 protruding drainpipe 59 is derived.

To 7 it supports itself under the transparent cover 54 arranged hemispherical absorber 60 in its upper part on a plate 62 starting at the outlet pipe inserted into the center of the absorber 59 is attached, immediately below the absorber 60 several radially aligned holes 63 has, through which the working medium the absorber 60 leaves. The drainpipe 59 is located inside one on the thermally insulated floor 10 attached pipe 64 that's below the holes 63 ends. The inlet pipe 56 runs inside the absorber 60 as a riser parallel and spaced from the drain pipe 59 , The free end of the inlet pipe 56 is a baffle 65 assigned. Inside the absorber 60 is an electric

1.

inlet

Second

absorber

Third

frame

4th

tube

5th

storage tank

6th

cover

7th

downspout

8th.

pipeline

9th

baseplate

10th

baseplate

11th

cover

12th

absorber

13th

outer wall

14th

inner wall

15th

gap

16th

inlet port

17th

downspout

18th

absorber

19th

cover

20th

thermal insulation

21st

reflector

22nd

focal line

23rd

tube absorbers

24th

tube absorbers

25th

inner tube

26th

outer tube

27th

thermal insulation

28th

cover

29th

reflector

30th

focal line

31st

tube absorbers

32nd

pipe section

33rd

cover

34th

steam turbine

35th

Intake

36th

capacitor

37th

absorber

38th

condensate drain

39th

pipeline

40th

pump

41st

reservoir

42nd

distribution channel

43rd

openings

44th

Knitted

45th

returns

46th

outer facade

47th

building

48th

fan

49th

arrow

50th

foil

51st

Kondensatauffangein

direction

52nd

procedure

53rd

absorber

54th

cover

55th

foil

56th

supply pipe

57th

overflow

58th

gap

59th

drain pipe

60th

absorber

61st

container

62nd

plate

63rd

drilling

64th

pipe

65th

baffle

66th

heater

Claims (44)

Solar collector with at least one trough-shaped parabolic or semi-cylindrical reflector ( 21 . 29 ) and one in its focal line ( 22 . 30 ) arranged, a working medium leading absorber, characterized in that the absorber as a telescopic tube absorber ( 31 ) is trained. Solar collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter of the telescopic pipe sections ( 32 ) of the pipe absorber ( 31 ) are dimensioned so differently that with the telescoping a significant change in the flow rate of the working medium is accompanied. Solar collector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that at least the largest diameter in the pipe section has a ribbed outer surface. Solar collector according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the absorber as a double-walled pipe absorber ( 24 ) is forming. Solar collector according to Claim 4, characterized in that at least one inner tube has a ribbed outer surface. Solar collector according to claim 4, characterized in that between the inner tube ( 25 ) and the outer tube ( 26 ) traversed by the working medium transparent thermal insulation ( 27 ) is arranged. Solar collector according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the focal line within the Reflectors runs. Solar collector according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of reflectors ( 21 ) are arranged side by side, whose tube absorber ( 23 . 24 ) are in fluid communication with each other. Solar collector according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that above the reflector ( 21 . 29 ) a translucent cover ( 28 . 33 ) is arranged. Solar collector with a working medium leading absorber ( 2 ) having at least one dome-shaped, hemispherical or spherical wound hose ( 4 ), characterized in that the hose ( 4 ) on a the form of the absorber ( 2 ) determining frame ( 3 ) is wound. Solar collector according to claim 10, characterized in that the frame ( 3 ) is made of metal, recordable using a laser cut component or a wire. Solar collector according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that in the frame ( 3 ) a storage tank ( 5 ) is used for the working medium. Solar collector according to claim 12, characterized in that the storage tank ( 5 ) consists of a flexible plastic. Solar collector according to claim 10, characterized in that the hose ( 4 ) comprises a transparent outer skin and a dark, especially black inner skin. Solar collector according to claim 10, characterized in that two absorbers ( 2 ) are assembled to form a correspondingly shaped hollow body. Solar collector with a square or cylindrical absorber ( 18 ), through which flows a working medium, characterized in that the absorber ( 18 ) is designed as a bottom plate or floats in the working medium. Solar collector with a spherical, hemispherical or lenticular absorber ( 60 ), which is covered by a transparent cover ( 54 ) is spanned over and with a coupled to a storage tank inlet pipe ( 56 ) for the working medium and with a drain pipe ( 59 ) for the working medium, characterized in that the inlet pipe the absorber ( 60 ) and is inserted as a riser in the center of the absorber and the drain pipe in the vertex of the cover. Solar collector according to the preamble of claim 17, characterized in that the riser in the center of the absorber ( 60 ) used drain pipe ( 59 ) the absorber ( 60 ) and at its free end a plate ( 62 ), at which the absorber ( 60 ) is supported. Solar collector according to claim 18, characterized in that the drainpipe ( 59 ) at its upper end immediately below the absorber ( 60 ) at least one peripheral bore ( 63 ) having. Solar collector according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the drainpipe ( 59 ) leaving the hole ( 63 ) in a bottom-mounted pipe ( 64 ) is used. Solar collector according to claim 18, characterized in that the inlet pipe ( 56 ) within the absorber ( 60 ) parallel and spaced from the drainpipe ( 59 ). Solar collector according to claim 21, characterized in that the free end of the inlet pipe ( 56 ) a baffle ( 65 ) is assigned for the inflowing working medium. Solar collector according to claim 18, characterized in that within the absorber ( 60 ) a heating rod ( 66 ) is arranged. Solar collector with an absorber ( 53 . 60 ), which is covered by a transparent cover ( 54 ) spaced spans and with a coupled to a storage tank to flow pipe ( 56 ) for the working medium and with a drain pipe ( 59 ) for the working medium, wherein the solar collector on the bottom side a flexible container ( 61 ), characterized in that the container ( 61 ) is inserted in a metal frame and as an absorber ( 60 ), Swim bladder or reservoir for the working medium is used. Solar collector according to claim 24, characterized that the metal frame is essentially wound from a spiral flexible wire exists. Solar collector according to claim 24 or 25, characterized characterized in that the metal frame wound thereon Hose carries. Solar collector according to claim 24, characterized in that the pressurized container ( 61 ) is elliptical or lenticular. Solar collector according to claim 24, characterized in that the inlet pipe ( 56 ) in the overflow openings ( 57 ) as absorber ( 53 ) serving container and the one end of the drain pipe ( 59 ) between the container ( 61 ) and the cover ( 54 ) is arranged. Solar collector according to one of claims 24 to 28, characterized in that the container ( 61 ) from a black film ( 55 ) is made. Solar collector according to one of claims 24 to 29, characterized in that the container ( 61 ) peripherally against the cover ( 54 ) or the absorber ( 60 ) is sealed. Solar collector according to one of claims 17 to 30, characterized in that the absorber and / or the container and the cover ( 54 ) are mounted on a common plate, which in turn is arranged on an insulation. Solar collector with an at least one working medium leading absorber, characterized in that the outside perforated rails for holding a serving as thermal insulation knitted fabric ( 44 ) are arranged. Solar collector according to claim 32, characterized in that the knitted fabric ( 44 ) serves as an absorber Solar collector according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that the knitted fabric ( 44 ) made of glass (fibers), paper cells, metal or plastic. Solar collector according to one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that the knitted fabric ( 44 ) is arranged one or more layers. Solar collector according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that above the absorber a condensate collecting device ( 51 ) is arranged, which communicates with a collecting container. Solar collector according to one of claims 32 to 36, characterized in that it is open or closed System is formed. Desalination apparatus with at least one the solar collectors according to one of claims 1 to 37 as evaporator, wherein flows through the absorber salt water as the working medium and a Collecting device for whose condensate is provided. Desalination apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that the solar panels are connected via a pipeline ( 8th ) are connected in series for the salt water. Desalination apparatus according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that a spherical condenser ( 36 ), in the center of which is a vertical inlet ( 35 ) and a condensate drain ( 38 ) is used. Desalination apparatus according to claim 40, characterized in that the feed ( 35 ) is single or double-walled. Desalination apparatus according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that the feed ( 35 ) Has cross-sectional changes, in particular telescopic. Desalination apparatus according to one of claims 38 to 42, characterized in that the feed ( 35 ) with the pipeline ( 8th ) is coupled. Desalination apparatus according to claim 38 or 41, characterized in that the working medium in a turbine condensed.