DE102008052964A1 - Water distillation plant comprises solar collectors, which operate evaporator and condenser connected with the evaporator for the evaporated cleaned water, and pre-heater for preheating the water to be distilled supplied to the evaporator - Google Patents

Abstract

The water distillation plant comprises solar collectors (1), which operate an evaporator (2) and a condenser (5) connected with the evaporator for the evaporated cleaned water, and a pre-heater for preheating the water to be distilled supplied to the evaporator. Each solar collector has an absorber for the solar radiation which is enclosed in a transparent housing upwardly extending from below, and a metal tube, which is heat-conductively connected with the absorber and extends in a longitudinal direction of the housing. The metal tube is filled with a liquid. The water distillation plant comprises solar collectors (1), which operate an evaporator (2) and a condenser (5) connected with the evaporator for the evaporated cleaned water, and a pre-heater for preheating the water to be distilled supplied to the evaporator. Each solar collector has an absorber for the solar radiation which is enclosed in a transparent housing upwardly extending from below, and a metal tube, which is heat-conductively connected with the absorber and extends in a longitudinal direction of the housing. The metal tube is filled with a liquid, where a top end of the metal tube protruding from the housing is provided with a condenser head for condensing the evaporated liquid in the metal tube. The evaporator is formed by a vessel with the water to be distilled. The condenser head of the solar collector protrudes into the vessel. The pre-heater is formed by a double-jacket heat exchanger, which forms the condenser for the water evaporated in the evaporator. The water evaporated in the evaporator is supplied to an inner tube of the exchanger and the water to be distilled is supplied to an annular space between the inner tube and an outer tube of the exchanger. A floating valve (24) is provided in the evaporator for regulating the supply of the water to be distilled, is formed for regulating the filling level in the evaporator, is arranged between the double-jacket tube and the evaporator, and is formed for supplying the preheated water to the evaporator. The evaporator vessel is formed by a tube, which is penetrated by sleeves that form the receptions, in which the condenser head is plunged. The evaporator vessel is made of stainless steel, copper alloy and/or titanium, or plastic containing metal mesh. The water distillation plant has a frame including the evaporator, double-jacket heat exchanger and the solar collectors that obliquely upwardly extend. The double-jacket heat exchanger is arranged on the frame over the evaporator and is connected with the evaporator over a riser tube (4). A storage container for the water to be cleaned is arranged on the frame over the double-jacket heat exchanger and is connected with the double-jacket heat exchanger over a down pipe. The frame is processably formed. The water distillation plant includes a device for adjusting the inclination of the solar collectors that obliquely upwardly extend.

Description

The The invention relates to a water distillation plant after The preamble of claim 1, in particular for desalting sea or Brackish water, but also for wastewater treatment.

Such a system is in the earlier patent application PCT / DE2007 / 001321 described.

at In this system, the condenser is cooled with cooling water, that has to be brought. Furthermore, electronic and electrical Devices, such as an electric pump for level control provided in the evaporator, which is an electrical power source require.

task The invention is to this system from external sources independent and at the same time more effective.

This is according to the invention with the water distillation plant achieved according to claim 1. In the claims 2 to 12 are preferred embodiments of the invention Water distillation plant specified.

at the plant according to the invention become solar panels used, which have an absorber for solar radiation, that in a transparent from bottom to top, so Enclosed for solar radiation permeable housing is. The absorber, the z. B. of a copper or aluminum sheet or from another solar radiation absorbing sheet material exists, is thermally conductively connected to a metal tube, located in the housing in the housing longitudinal direction extends. The absorber and the metal tube are preferably gas-tight enclosed in the housing for thermal convection to exclude with the ambient air.

The Metal pipe is with a liquid, preferably water, partially filled with an antifreeze such as glycol, may contain. At its upper end, that out of the case protrudes, the metal tube is provided with a condenser head, the having a communicating with the metal tube cavity. In In this cavity, the water vapor is condensed, which by evaporation of the water generated in the metal tube due to the heat the absorber absorbing the solar radiation is the metal tube supplies.

to Thermal insulation of the absorber and the metal tube opposite environment, the housing is preferably evacuated. The Metal tube, including the condenser head can z. B. made of copper or a copper alloy.

By the condensation of vaporized due to solar radiation Water in the condenser head occurs heating of the Capacitor head up to 200 ° C. This high temperature the condenser head is used for distillation of the water to be purified used in the evaporator. This is the evaporator vessel with an inwardly projecting receptacle, in which the condenser head of the solar collector for heat transfer to the Water in the evaporator can be plugged.

The Recording in the evaporator housing into which the condenser head can be plugged into the solar collector, for example, sleeve-shaped be educated. To pass through a surface contact of the condenser head to achieve a high heat conduction at the plug-in receptacle, is the inner cross section of the Einsteckaufnahme the outer cross section of Capacitor head adapted. Also, the male receptacle is preferably made of metal, to the heat of the condenser head as possible lossless in the water to be evaporated in the evaporator housing dissipate.

The Evaporator housing is preferably through a substantially formed horizontal tube which is interspersed by pods, which form the recordings into which the condenser heads of the Solar panels are plugged. The evaporator vessel can completely filled with the water to be distilled be. Advantageously, the pipe is then slightly inclined to the to escape the formed vapor bubbles. It is, however possible to set a certain level in the evaporator vessel, around a vapor space above the water level in the evaporator housing to build.

to Control of the supply of water to be distilled to the evaporator a float valve is preferably provided. This allows the feed of the water to be distilled into the evaporator without electrical or electronic devices.

The Float valve has a float in a container on, which is filled with the water to be purified. At the float has a lever attached to it a valve is coupled over which the to be cleaned Water is supplied to the container. Is that sinking? Float against the given liquid level in the container, thus the valve is opened, while a rising liquid level for it ensures that the valve is closed. The specified liquid level in the container corresponds to the level in the evaporator, which overflows with the water in the float tank a line communicates.

In order to the water level in the evaporator can be very accurately without electrical or electronic devices are controlled. In addition, works the float valve as pressure equalization tank, if at Output of the evaporator should be an overpressure.

The the evaporator supplied to be distilled water preheated with a preheater. According to the invention to a double-jacket heat exchanger provided at the same time forms the condenser for the evaporated water in the evaporator. The distilled water that preheats in the preheater can, the DC jacketed heat exchanger in DC or countercurrent are supplied.

The Vaporized water in the evaporator is preferably the inner tube and the water to be distilled the annulus between the inner tube and fed to the outer tube of the double-shell heat exchanger. Thus, no fetching of cooling water is necessary. The fed to the jacketed heat exchanger, to be distilled Water is preferably taken from a reservoir. The reservoir can be placed externally to if necessary, to be able to feed several water distillation plants.

Of the Reservoir, which consist for example of plastic can, is preferably over the double-shell heat exchanger arranged, and connected to it via a downpipe.

Of the Double-jacket heat exchanger is preferably over arranged on the evaporator and with the evaporator via a Steigleitung connected.

If the inventive plant for desalting Seawater used must have the inner wall of the evaporator vessel and the outsides of the recordings for the condenser heads of the Solar collectors from a seawater-resistant even at high temperatures Physiologically harmless material. This can be stainless steel, a copper alloy or titanium can be used. Further, too a plastic containing a metal mesh used. As stainless steel can be used for example Al-6x, 254 SMO (austenitic), Al29-4C, Monit (ferritic), further z. Eg Uranus B6, 2RK 65, VEW A 952 and 963, Sanicro 28 (austenitic), wherein in particular Hastelloy and Incolloy can be used. As a copper alloy, for example, CuNi10FeMn, so a copper alloy with 10 to 11 wt .-% nickel, 1.5 to 1.8 wt .-% iron and 0.5 to 1 wt .-% manganese are used. Also, offer coated with titanium Materials such as titanium coated copper as a feature for the inner wall of the evaporator vessel and / or the outside of the shots that are in contact with the seawater come in contact. The material for the inner wall the evaporator vessel and / or the recordings for However, the condenser heads can z. B. also a glass fiber laminate be.

The Evaporator housing is outward with a for the occurring high temperatures suitable thermal insulation, For example, provided from rock wool.

Instead of a supply of the water to be distilled at one end of the tubular Vaporizer vessel can be distilled water the tubular evaporator vessel too be fed in the middle area. At the two ends of the evaporator vessel can then be an example as vertical tower trained riser be provided by that the steam flows off, while entrained (liquid) water flows back again.

If the inventive plant for seawater desalination is used, not only germ-free water is obtained, but also germ-free sea salt. That is, the seawater is flowing in the evaporator, wherein after evaporation of the water, a brine remains in the evaporator vessel. The evaporator vessel is equipped with a z. B. with a Hahn provided lockable drain to the Lake z. B. drain into a tub or similar container allow. If you expose this container of the sun, will won dry sea salt.

below the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of example explained in more detail. In each case schematically show:

1 a perspective view of a system according to the invention;

2 a view of a part of a solar panel behind the plant 1 ;

3 a longitudinal section through part of the evaporator along the line III-III in 4 with the upper ends of the solar panels of the plant 1 but without heat insulation of the evaporator vessel;

4 a section along the line IV-IV in 3 , but without condenser heads or solar panels; and

5 a cross section through the double-jacket heat exchanger.

According to 1 the water purification plant has several solar panels 1 on, which are arranged parallel to each other in a plane and an evaporator 2 operate, focusing on the solar panels 1 extends.

At the evaporator 2 is a lead at one end 3 for supplying the water to be purified and at the other end a riser 4 connected, over which in the evaporator 2 steam formed as a double-walled tube condenser 5 is fed, in which in the evaporator 2 formed steam to purified water or condensed in the desalination of seawater to fresh water via the line 6 from the condenser 5 exit.

As in 2 shown, assigns each solar panel 1 a z. B. formed as a copper sheet absorber 7 on, reflected in a tubular glass housing 8th extends from bottom to top. The absorber 7 is thermally conductive with a extending in the housing longitudinal direction metal tube 9 connected. The metal pipe 9 protrudes with its upper end out of the case 8th outward.

The solar panels 1 are oriented so that the solar radiation is as perpendicular as possible to the absorber 7 falls.

That from the evacuated housing 8th projecting end of the metal tube 9 is with a condenser head 11 provided, which is likewise made of metal. The metal pipe 9 is at the bottom of a liquid, especially water, filled.

When exposed to sunlight, the solar absorber absorbs heat 7 putting his heat on the metal tube 9 transfers. This turns the water in the metal tube 9 evaporates, with the water vapor in the condenser head 11 condenses, releasing the condensation heat of the water and thus the condenser head 11 can be heated to a high temperature of about 200 ° C. That in the condenser head 11 condensed water flows back into the metal tube to re-evaporate in the circuit.

According to 3 and 4 are the condenser heads 11 the solar panels 1 in sleeve-shaped shots 12 plugged across the evaporator vessel 13 of the evaporator 2 extend, which is designed as a horizontally arranged tube. The evaporator vessel 13 is up to the level of an arrow 14 represented water level with the water to be purified 15 filled. The space 16 above the water level 14 forms the steam room.

Due to the high temperature of the condenser heads 11 the solar panels 1 becomes the water 15 in the evaporator vessel 13 heated to boiling temperature so at normal pressure to over 100 ° C for cooking and thus evaporated in large quantities.

The evaporator vessel 13 is with a thermal insulation 10 provided, z. B. with rock wool.

The double-jacket heat exchanger 5 is above the evaporator vessel 13 arranged. The receiving sleeves 12 for inserting the condenser heads 11 the sun collectors 1 form the heat transfer surfaces for the transfer of heat from the condenser heads 11 into the water to be evaporated 15 in the evaporation vessel 13 ,

How out 5 it can be seen, there is the double-shell heat exchanger, the capacitor 5 forms, from an inner tube 17 to which the water vapor from the evaporator 2 over the riser 4 is fed, and an outer tube 18 ,

Above the condenser 5 is a storage container 19 arranged, which contains the water to be purified, via a downpipe 21 the annulus between the inner tube 17 and the outer tube 18 the double-jacket heat exchanger is supplied. The outer tube 18 is with an insulation 20 Mistake.

The condensed, liquid purified water flowing through the pipe 6 from the condenser 5 exit, becomes a snake cooler 22 supplied with cooling fins 23 is provided ( 1 ). The purified water comes out of the pipe 6 at the outlet 20 out.

The supply of distilled, preheated water 15 to the evaporator 2 is with a float valve in a container 24 regulated. This raises itself over the line 3 in the container 24 a liquid level that is the same height as the level 14 in the evaporator 5 having.

With the line 25 is the annulus between the inner tube and the outer tube 18 in the double jacket cooler 5 to an unillustrated valve in the container 24 angechlossen. This valve is opened and closed by a shut-off body, which is coupled to a lever to which the float of the float valve is attached. Thus, the valve is opened when the liquid level decreases from the predetermined level or closed when it rises.

According to 1 is the plant on a rack 25 arranged, which is composed of metal profiles. The frame 25 consists essentially of a lower horizontal frame 26 from whose rear end is a vertical frame 27 extends upwards. From the front end of the horizontal frame 26 extend two dashed carrier shown 28 to the upper end of the vertical frame 27 , which by a dashed cross member 29 are connected, on which the obliquely upward solar panels 1 are arranged. The container 24 with the float valve is on the vertical frame 27 attached, as well as the snake cooler 22 , Further, on the frame 25 above the evaporator 2 the capacitor 5 and over the condenser 5 the reservoir 19 attached.

The frame 25 is with wheels 31 . 32 formed movable, further, the inclination of the frame 25 and thus the solar panels 1 with a crank 33 adjustable. This allows the collectors 1 be aligned as perpendicular to the incident sunbeams. The device for inclining the frame and thus the evaporator 2 can be used at the same time that, as mentioned, in the seawater desalination brine in the evaporator 2 can drain better.

The frame made of metal profiles 25 is easily assembled and disassembled. The same applies to the solar panels 1 that in the evaporator 2 are plugged. Because the evaporator 2 , the capacitor 5 , the container 24 with the float valve and the reservoir 19 also detachable on the frame 25 fixed, the system can be offered as a kit. It is also easy to transport.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• - DE 2007/001321 [0002]

Claims (12)

Water distillation plant with several solar collectors ( 1 ), which is an evaporator ( 2 ) and one with the evaporator ( 2 ) connected capacitor ( 5 ) for the evaporated, purified water, each solar collector ( 1 ) an absorber ( 7 ) for solar radiation contained in a transparent housing extending from the bottom upwards ( 8th ) and one with the absorber ( 7 ) thermally conductively connected, extending in the housing longitudinal direction metal tube ( 9 ) filled with a liquid and the top of the housing ( 8th ) projecting end with a condenser head ( 11 ) for condensation in the metal tube ( 9 ) vaporized liquid, the evaporator ( 2 ) through a vessel ( 13 ) with the water to be distilled ( 15 ) is formed, in which the condenser heads ( 11 ) of solar panels ( 1 ), and a preheater is provided for preheating the distilled water to be fed to the evaporator, characterized in that the preheater is constituted by a double-jacket heat exchanger comprising the condenser ( 5 ) for in the evaporator ( 2 ) forms vaporized water. Water distillation plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the in the evaporator ( 2 ) evaporated water the inner tube ( 17 ) and the water to be distilled the annular space between the inner tube ( 17 ) and the outer tube ( 18 ) of the double-shell heat exchanger is supplied. Water distillation plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for controlling the supply of water to be distilled in the evaporator ( 2 ) a float valve ( 24 ) is provided. Water distillation plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the float valve ( 24 ) for controlling the level ( 14 ) in the evaporator ( 2 ) is trained. Water distillation plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the float valve ( 24 ) between the double-jacket tube ( 5 ) and the evaporator ( 2 ) and for supplying the preheated water to the evaporator ( 2 ) is trained. Water distillation plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator vessel ( 13 ) is formed by a tube made of pods ( 12 ), which form the receptacles into which the condenser heads ( 11 ) of solar panels ( 1 ) are plugged. Water distillation plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator vessel ( 13 ) is formed by stainless steel, a copper alloy and / or titanium or a metal mesh-containing plastic. Water distillation plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a frame ( 25 ), which is the evaporator ( 2 ), the double-jacket heat exchanger ( 5 ) and the obliquely upwardly extending solar panels ( 1 ). Water distillation plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the double-shell heat exchanger ( 5 ) on the frame ( 25 ) above the evaporator ( 2 ) and via a riser ( 4 ) with the evaporator ( 2 ) connected is. Water distillation plant according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that on the frame ( 25 ) a storage container ( 19 ) for the water to be purified above the double-shell heat exchanger ( 5 ) and via a downpipe ( 21 ) with the double-shell heat exchanger ( 5 ) connected is. Water distillation plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the frame ( 25 ) is designed movable. Water distillation plant according to claim 8, characterized by a device ( 33 ) for adjusting the inclination of the obliquely upwardly extending solar panels ( 1 ).