DE2829903A1 - Sea water desalination - where warm surface-water is desalinated by producing vacuum through water column and condensation by deep sea water - Google Patents

Sea water desalination - where warm surface-water is desalinated by producing vacuum through water column and condensation by deep sea water

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Publication number
DE2829903A1
DE2829903A1 DE19782829903 DE2829903A DE2829903A1 DE 2829903 A1 DE2829903 A1 DE 2829903A1 DE 19782829903 DE19782829903 DE 19782829903 DE 2829903 A DE2829903 A DE 2829903A DE 2829903 A1 DE2829903 A1 DE 2829903A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
water
condensation
column
surface water
evaporation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE19782829903
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Heinz Dr Rer Nat Voigt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority to DE19782829903 priority Critical patent/DE2829903A1/en
Publication of DE2829903A1 publication Critical patent/DE2829903A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/046—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation under vacuum produced by a barometric column
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

In a desalination process for seawater by distillation, the surface water which has been heated by solar irradiation is evaporated at a temp. to suit the surface temp. The low pressure, required for this evaporation, is maintained by a corresponding water column. Colder water from greater depths is used for the condensation of the steam produced from the surface water. This system requires no maintenance and is free from the problem of scale deposits. No extraneous energy is required and the desalination proceeds even at night time.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Meerwasser-The invention relates to a method for seawater

entsalzung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.desalination according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Entsalzung von Meerwasser ist es bereits bekannt, das Meerwasser mittels Sonnenkollektoren aufzuheizen und zu verdampfen; es wird dabei ein Dampf mit etwa Normaldruck erzeugt, und die Kondensation des Dampfes erfolgt in luft- oder meerwassergekühlten Wärmeaustauschern. Bei den bekannten zur Meerwasserentsalzung verwendeten Verdampfungsanlagen wird bei Temperaturen zwischen etwa 90 und 120 OC verdampft, d. h.Sea water is already known for desalination of sea water heat up and evaporate by means of solar collectors; it becomes a vapor generated at about normal pressure, and the condensation of the steam takes place in air or seawater-cooled heat exchangers. With the well-known for seawater desalination Evaporation systems used will be at temperatures between about 90 and 120 OC evaporates, d. H.

in einem Temperaturbereich, bei dem in den Verdampfern im Laufe der Zeit Feststoffablagerungen nach Art der Kesselsteinbildung auftreten. Die Sonnenkollektoren haben eine Glasabdeckung, die einer Verschmutzung ausgesetzt sind, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad der Anlage herabgesetzt wird. Eine effektive Verdampfung erfolgt nur bei Sonneneinstrahlung, jedoch nicht lfährend der Nachtzeit. Die Sonnenkollektoren sind nur mit einem beträchtlichen technischen Aufwand herstellbar und erfordern hohe Kosten.in a temperature range at which in the evaporators in the course of Time solid deposits occur according to the type of scale formation. The solar panels have a glass cover, which are exposed to pollution, increasing the efficiency the system is reduced. Effective evaporation only takes place when exposed to sunlight, but not during the night. The solar panels are just a sizeable technical effort can be produced and require high costs.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Meerwasserentsalzung zu schaffen, das wartungsfrei ist, bei dem das Problem der Kesselsteinbildung nicht auftritt, bei dem keine Fremdenergie benötigt wird und bei dem eine Meerwasserentsalzung auch in der Nachtzeit erfolgt.The invention is based on the object of a method for seawater desalination to create that is maintenance-free that does not have the problem of scale formation occurs in which no external energy is required and in which seawater desalination also takes place at night.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Kennzeichen des Ilauptanspruches angegebenen Maßnahmen gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of the main claim specified measures resolved.

Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Appropriate further developments can be found in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 eine nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ausgebildete Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage, Fig. 2 eine weitere Ausbildung einer Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage.The invention is illustrated schematically below with reference to one in the drawing illustrated embodiment explained in more detail. 1 shows one after seawater desalination plant designed according to the method according to the invention, FIG. 2 a further training of a seawater desalination plant.

In der Fig. i ist ein etwa U-förmiger Wasser-Hochbehälter 1 dargestellt. Der Behälter 1 hat einen kurzen Schenkel 2, dessen offenes Ende 3 auf dem im warmen Oberflächenwasser 4 befindlichen Küstenboden 5 steht. Im unter Wasser befindlichen Teil des Schenkels 2 ist ein Wassereinlaß 6 und ein Wasserauslaß 7 vorgesehen. Ein weiterer, längerer Schenkel 8 des Hochbehälters 1 ist an seinem Ende 9 geschlossen und ragt in die kalten Wasserschichten 10 des Meeres.In Fig. I an approximately U-shaped elevated water tank 1 is shown. The container 1 has a short leg 2, the open end 3 of which on the warm Surface water 4 located coastal soil 5 is. In underwater Part of the leg 2 is a water inlet 6 and a water outlet 7 is provided. A Another, longer leg 8 of the elevated container 1 is closed at its end 9 and protrudes into the cold water layers 10 of the sea.

In heißen geographischen Zonen hat das Oberflächenwasser 4 am Tage und in der Nacht durchschnittlich etwa + 25 0C und darüber, während die kalten Wasserschichten 10 eine Temperatur von etwa + i8 OC und weniger haben.In hot geographical areas the surface water has 4 a day and during the night an average of about + 25 0C and about it while the cold water layers 10 have a temperature of about + 18 OC and less.

Dieser Temperaturunterschied wird zur Meerwasserentsalzung herangezogen.This temperature difference is used for seawater desalination.

Im kleinen Schenkel 2 des- iIochbehälters 1 wird zwecks Verdampfung des Meerwassers das warme Oberflächenwasser 4 angehoben und eine ständige Wassersäule H ~ 10 m gebildet, so daß im die beiden Schenkel verbindenden Dampfraum 11 ein Vakuum erzeugt ist, das zum Verdampfen bei der Temperatur des warmen Oberflächenwassers erforderlich ist. Das Verdampfen des Wassers wird durch Hochsteigen des warmen Oberflächenwassers unterstützt.In the small leg 2 of the iIochbehälters 1 is for the purpose of evaporation of the sea water, the warm surface water 4 is raised and a permanent water column H ~ 10 m formed, so that a vacuum in the steam space 11 connecting the two legs that is generated to evaporate at the temperature of the warm surface water is required. The evaporation of the water is caused by the rise of the warm surface water supports.

Der Dampf strömt vom Dampfraum 11 in den durch das Endteil 9 des längeren Schenkels 8 gebildeten Kondensationsraum 12, der in den kalten Tiefwasserschichten 10 liegt. Im Raum 12 fällt das Destillat 13 an, das beispielsweise über eine Rohrleitung 14 und mittels einer Pumpe 15 an die Oberfläche befördert werden kann.The steam flows from the steam chamber 11 into the through the end part 9 of the longer Leg 8 formed condensation space 12, which is in the cold deep water layers 10 lies. The distillate 13 is obtained in space 12, for example via a pipeline 14 and can be conveyed to the surface by means of a pump 15.

Zur Unterstützung der Konvektion ist im Inneren des kleineren Schenkels 2 eine Scheidewand 16 angeordnet.To support the convection is inside the smaller leg 2 a partition 16 is arranged.

Für die durch die Pfeile angedeutete Wasserumwälzung im Schenkel 2 kann eine an sich bekannte Umwälzeinrichtung 17 (Pumpen odgl.) verwendet werden.For the water circulation in leg 2, indicated by the arrows a circulation device 17 (pumps or the like) known per se can be used.

Die Antriebsenergie für diese Umwälzeinrichtung 17 und die Pumpe 15 kann aus dem Enthalpiegefälle zwischen Dampfraum 11 und Kondensationsraum 12 gewonnen werden, indem im Schenkel 8 beispielsweise eine einstufige, von dem thermodynamischen Gefälle betriebene Dampfturbine 18 mit elektrischem Generator angeordnet ist, der die Energie für die Umwälzeinrichtung 17 und die Pumpe 15 liefert.The drive energy for this circulation device 17 and the pump 15 can be obtained from the enthalpy gradient between vapor space 11 and condensation space 12 be by in the leg 8, for example, a single-stage, from the thermodynamic Slope operated steam turbine 18 is arranged with an electric generator, the supplies the energy for the circulation device 17 and the pump 15.

Bei der Anordnung nach der Fig. 2 ist ein turmartiger Behälter 22 verwendet, an dessen Dampfraum 11 sich ein Kondensator 19 anschließt, der mittels eines Tiefenwasser-Kreislaufs 20 gekühlt wird, der aus einer Pumpe 21 und einem in den kalten Wasserschichten 10 angeordneten Wärmeaustauscher 22 besteht, der über ein Leitungssystem 23 mit dem Kondensator 19 verbunden ist.In the arrangement according to FIG. 2, there is a tower-like container 22 used, to the vapor space 11 is followed by a condenser 19, which means a deep water circuit 20 is cooled, which consists of a pump 21 and a In the cold water layers 10 arranged heat exchanger 22 is, which over a line system 23 is connected to the capacitor 19.

Das Produktwasser 13 sammelt sich am Boden des Kondensators 19 und kann üDer eine bis zur Meeresoberfläche geführte Rohrleitung 24 entnommen werden.The product water 13 collects at the bottom of the condenser 19 and can be taken from a pipeline 24 that extends to the surface of the sea.

Zwischen Dampfraum 11 und Kondensator 19 ist wieder eine Dampfturbine i8 angeordnet, die die Energie für die Umwälzeinrichtung 17 und die Pumpe 21 liefert.A steam turbine is again located between the steam space 11 and the condenser 19 i8 arranged, which supplies the energy for the circulation device 17 and the pump 21.

Claims (5)

Patentansprüche 1. Verfahren zur Meerwasserentsalzung mittels Destillation, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das durch Sonneneinstrahlung erwärmte Oberflächenwasser bei einem der Oberflächen-, wassertemperatur entsprechenden Druck verdampft wird, daß dieser zur Verdampfung erforderliche niedrige Druck selbsttätig mittels einer entsprechend hohen Wassersäule gehalten wird. Claims 1. A method for seawater desalination by means of distillation, characterized in that the surface water heated by solar radiation is evaporated at a pressure corresponding to the surface water temperature, that this low pressure required for evaporation automatically by means of a correspondingly high water column is maintained. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kondensation des aus dem Oberflächenwasser erzeugten Dampfes mittels kälteren Wassers aus tieferen Meeresschichten erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensation of the steam generated from the surface water by means of colder water from deeper Sea layers takes place. 3. Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Erzeugung der Wassersäule (H), des Dampfes und der Kondensation ein mit dem warmen Oberflächenwasser und dem kalten Tiefenwasser in Kontakt stehender U-förmiger Wasser-Hochbehälter (i) vorgesehen ist, der einen Schenkel (2) aufweist, dessen Ende im Oberflächenwasser (4) steht, welches mit Wassereinlaß (6) und Wasserauslaß (7) versehen ist, und einen längeren Schenkel (8), der an seinem Ende (9) abgeschlossen ist und in das Tiefenwasser (io) reicht.3. Arrangement for performing the method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that to generate the water column (H), the steam and the Condensation in with the warm surface water and the cold deep water in Contact standing U-shaped elevated water tank (i) is provided with one leg (2), the end of which is in the surface water (4), which is with water inlet (6) and water outlet (7) is provided, and a longer leg (8) attached to his End (9) is completed and extends into the deep water (io). 4. Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Erzeugung der Wassersäule (H) und des Dampfes ein Wasser-Hochbehälter (2') vorgesehen ist, dessen Fundament im warmen Oberflächenwasser (4) steht und mit Wassereinlauf (6) und Wasserauslauf (7) versehen ist,und daß dieser Hochbehälter (2') am oberen Ende als Verdampfungs- und Kondensationsraum (ii, 19) ausgebildet ist, und der Kondensator (19) mittels eines Tiefenwasser-Kreislaufs (20) gekühlt ist.4. Arrangement for performing the method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a for generating the water column (H) and the steam Elevated water tank (2 ') is provided, the foundation of which is in the warm surface water (4) and is provided with water inlet (6) and water outlet (7), and that this Elevated tank (2 ') at the upper end as an evaporation and condensation space (ii, 19) is formed, and the condenser (19) by means of a deep water circuit (20) is cooled. 5. Anordnung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zum Umwälzen der Wassermassen im Verdampfungsteil und im Kondensationsteil erforderliche Energie aus dem Enthalpiegefälle zwischen Dampfraum (lot) und Kondensationsraum (11, 19) gewonnen ist.5. Arrangement according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the required for circulating the water masses in the evaporation section and in the condensation section Energy from the enthalpy gradient between the vapor space (lot) and the condensation space (11, 19) is won.
DE19782829903 1978-07-07 1978-07-07 Sea water desalination - where warm surface-water is desalinated by producing vacuum through water column and condensation by deep sea water Ceased DE2829903A1 (en)

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DE19782829903 DE2829903A1 (en) 1978-07-07 1978-07-07 Sea water desalination - where warm surface-water is desalinated by producing vacuum through water column and condensation by deep sea water

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DE19782829903 DE2829903A1 (en) 1978-07-07 1978-07-07 Sea water desalination - where warm surface-water is desalinated by producing vacuum through water column and condensation by deep sea water

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4008573A1 (en) * 1990-03-14 1990-09-20 Manfred Bocian Integrated power generating plant - based on tidal and solar energy
DE3938670C1 (en) * 1989-11-21 1991-02-14 Pi Praktische Informatik Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen, De Drinking water from sea water - water is pulled in through vacuum in floating column and passes through to evapn. chamber
EP0487813A2 (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-06-03 Pi Praktische Informatik Gmbh Process and device to obtain fresh water from warm sea water
EP1191988A1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2002-04-03 Joshua D. Prestidge Cold distillation method
WO2005042411A1 (en) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-12 Rolf Goldschmidt Seawater desalination method and device
WO2007006323A1 (en) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-18 Andreas Buchmann Sea water desalination plant comprising a gravity-assisted vacuum
US10596482B1 (en) 2017-09-08 2020-03-24 Northrup, Inc. Self-regulating vacuum still

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3938670C1 (en) * 1989-11-21 1991-02-14 Pi Praktische Informatik Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen, De Drinking water from sea water - water is pulled in through vacuum in floating column and passes through to evapn. chamber
DE4008573A1 (en) * 1990-03-14 1990-09-20 Manfred Bocian Integrated power generating plant - based on tidal and solar energy
EP0487813A2 (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-06-03 Pi Praktische Informatik Gmbh Process and device to obtain fresh water from warm sea water
EP0487813A3 (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-06-17 Pi Praktische Informatik Gmbh Process and device to obtain fresh water from warm sea water
EP1191988A1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2002-04-03 Joshua D. Prestidge Cold distillation method
EP1191988A4 (en) * 1999-05-05 2003-01-08 Joshua D Prestidge Cold distillation method
WO2005042411A1 (en) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-12 Rolf Goldschmidt Seawater desalination method and device
WO2007006323A1 (en) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-18 Andreas Buchmann Sea water desalination plant comprising a gravity-assisted vacuum
US10596482B1 (en) 2017-09-08 2020-03-24 Northrup, Inc. Self-regulating vacuum still

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