DE102006040440A1 - Drinking water production by desalination of seawater using solar radiation, comprises focusing incident solar radiation on evaporation pipe lying in focal line of parabolic mirror and supplying water vapor for preheating the seawater - Google Patents

Drinking water production by desalination of seawater using solar radiation, comprises focusing incident solar radiation on evaporation pipe lying in focal line of parabolic mirror and supplying water vapor for preheating the seawater Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102006040440A1
DE102006040440A1 DE102006040440A DE102006040440A DE102006040440A1 DE 102006040440 A1 DE102006040440 A1 DE 102006040440A1 DE 102006040440 A DE102006040440 A DE 102006040440A DE 102006040440 A DE102006040440 A DE 102006040440A DE 102006040440 A1 DE102006040440 A1 DE 102006040440A1
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Prior art keywords
seawater
solar radiation
parabolic mirror
drinking water
desalination
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DE102006040440A
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German (de)
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Roland Keppeler
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The production of drinking water by desalination of seawater using solar radiation, comprises focusing the incident solar radiation on an evaporation pipe (4) lying in a focal line of a parabolic mirror (1), and supplying water vapor for condensing through a seawater container (8), by which the seawater is pre-heated. A seawater desalination unit is aligned always perpendicularly to the solar radiation. The adjustment of the desalination unit is reached by suitable mounting of the parabolic mirror (2). Angles are calculated or measured for the control of the parabolic mirror. The production of drinking water by desalination of seawater using solar radiation, comprises focusing the incident solar radiation on an evaporation pipe (4) lying in a focal line of a parabolic mirror (1), and supplying water vapor for condensing the seawater through a seawater container (8), by which the seawater is pre-heated. A seawater desalination unit is aligned perpendicular to the solar radiation. The adjustment of the desalination unit is reached by suitable mounting of the parabolic mirror (2). Angles are calculated or measured for the control of the parabolic mirror. The evaporation pipe is equipped with valves, which control the inlet of fresh seawater and the discharge opening of water vapor.

Description

Die bisher eingesetzten Verfahren zur Meer- oder Brackwasserentsalzung benötigen einen hohen Energiebedarf, der meist durch fossile Brennstoffe wie Öl oder Erdgas gedeckt wird. Hierdurch wird bei hohem Kostenaufwand die Umwelt mit Kohlendioxid belastet.The previously used methods for seawater or brackish water desalination need a high energy demand, mostly due to fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas is covered. As a result, at high cost, the environment contaminated with carbon dioxide.

Der Erfinder hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, Trinkwasser durch Meerwasserentsalzung ohne Verbrauch von fossilen Brennstoffen herzustellen. Hierbei wird ausschließlich die Sonnenenergie ausgenutzt.Of the The inventor has set itself the task of drinking water by seawater desalination produce without consumption of fossil fuels. This is exclusively exploited the solar energy.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass die Entsalzungseinheit so zur Sonneneinstrahlung ausgerichtet wird, dass die Sonnenenergie maximal ausgenutzt wird.According to the invention this is achieved by the desalination unit being exposed to the sun is aligned that the solar energy is maximally utilized.

Die Erfindung wir anhand der Systemskizze erläutert.The Invention will be explained with reference to the system sketch.

Die Verdampfungseinheit besteht aus einem ebenen Parabolspiegel 1 einer Montierung 2 mit zwei Drehrichtungen und einem Antrieb, der hier nicht dargestellt ist, einer Bodenplatte 3 sowie einem Verdampfungsrohr 4 und einer Halterung 5. Über das Ventil 6 wird bei Bedarf das Wasserrohr mit Meerwasser aufgefüllt, und durch das Ventil 7 wird der erzeugte Wasserdampf zur Kondensierung über Kühlschlangen 11 durch den Meerwasserbehälter 8 durchgeleitet. Am Ausgang 12 des Behälters wird das destillierte Wasser abgenommen. Das Meerwasser im Behälter 8 wird durch diese Vorgehensweise aufgewärmt, so dass die Verdampfung schneller vor sich geht. Das Verdampfungsrohr muss gelegentlich durchgespült werden.The evaporation unit consists of a flat parabolic mirror 1 a mount 2 with two directions of rotation and a drive, which is not shown here, a bottom plate 3 and an evaporation tube 4 and a holder 5 , About the valve 6 If necessary, the water pipe is filled with seawater, and through the valve 7 the generated water vapor is condensed via cooling coils 11 through the seawater tank 8th passed through. At the exit 12 of the container, the distilled water is removed. The seawater in the tank 8th is warmed up by this procedure, so that the evaporation is faster. The evaporation tube must be flushed out occasionally.

Über die Einlassöffnung 10 wird der Wasserdampf in den Meerwasserbehälter eingeleitet, und über die Auslassöffnung 9 und das Ventil 6 wird das Verdampfungsrohr mit Meerwasser gefüllt bzw. nachgefüllt.About the inlet opening 10 the steam is introduced into the seawater tank, and via the outlet opening 9 and the valve 6 the evaporation tube is filled with seawater or refilled.

Das Wasserrohr 4 wird exakt in der Brennlinie des Parabolspiegels 1 angebracht. Durch die beiden angezeigten Drehrichtungen wird der Spiegel so ausgerichtet, dass die Sonnenstrahlen senkrecht einfallen. Hierdurch wird das einfallende Sonnenlicht auf das Wasserrohr fokussiert und das Wasser im Rohr erhitzt.The water pipe 4 is exactly in the focal line of the parabolic mirror 1 appropriate. Through the two indicated directions of rotation, the mirror is aligned so that the sun's rays are incident vertically. As a result, the incident sunlight is focused on the water pipe and heated the water in the pipe.

Die richtige Ansteuerung des Spiegels wird durch die Montierung 2 sichergestellt. Hierbei können die bei astronomischen Teleskopen verwendeten Montierungen wie "azimutale Montierung" und "parallaktische Montierung" eingesetzt werden. Die Drehwinkel zur Ansteuerung des Spiegels werden mittels bekannter astronomischer Formeln berechnet. Es werden folgende Eingaben benötigt:

  • • Geografische Lage der Verdampfungseinheit (Längen- und Breitengrad)
  • • Datum, Uhrzeit und Zeitzone des Aufstellungsortes der Anlage
The correct control of the mirror is through the mount 2 ensured. Here, the mounts used in astronomical telescopes such as "azimuthal mount" and "parallactic mount" can be used. The rotation angles for controlling the mirror are calculated by means of known astronomical formulas. The following entries are required:
  • • Geographical location of the evaporation unit (longitude and latitude)
  • • Date, time and time zone of the installation site

Mit diesen Angaben können die erforderlichen Winkeldaten berechnet werden, damit an jedem Ort der Erde und zu jeder Tageszeit der Parabolspiegel senkrecht zur Sonneneinstrahlung ausgerichtet ist.With this information can The required angle data can be calculated to fit any location the earth and at any time of the day the parabolic mirror perpendicular to the Solar radiation is aligned.

Damit die berechneten Winkel (z.B. Elevation und Azimut bei der azimutalen Montierung) direkt verwendet werden können, muss die Bodenplatte horizontal (in der Waage) aufgestellt sein. Falls dies nicht der Fall ist, wird die Lage der Bodenplatte (Eulerwinkel) ermittelt, und die Winkel zur Ansteuerung des Parabolspiegels werden durch entsprechende Koordinatendrehungen korrigiert. Hierdurch kann die Anlage in ebenen sowie in hügeligen Geländen aufgestellt werden.In order to the calculated angles (e.g., elevation and azimuth at the azimuthal Mount) can be used directly, the bottom plate needs be placed horizontally (in the balance). If this is not the case Case, the position of the bottom plate (Euler angle) is determined, and the angles for controlling the parabolic mirror are through Corresponding coordinate rotations corrected. This allows the system in flat as well as hilly campuses be set up.

Die erforderlichen Winkel zur Ansteuerung des Parabolspiegels können auch gemessen werden. Hierbei wird z.B. der Schatten eines Eichstabes (definierte Länge), der auf eine lichtempfindliche Fläche fällt, bezüglich Schattenlänge und Schattenrichtung gegenüber einer vorgegebenen Richtung vermessen. Aus der Länge des Eichstabes, der Schattenlänge und der Schattenrichtung können die erforderlichen Winkel ermittelt werden.The required angle for controlling the parabolic mirror can also be measured. Here, e.g. the shadow of a calibration staff (defined Length), which falls on a photosensitive surface, in terms of shadow length and Shadow direction opposite measure a given direction. From the length of the calibration bar, the shadow length and the shadow direction can the required angles are determined.

Zur Durchführung der Ansteuerung des Parabolspiegels wird noch ein Rechner (Miniprozessor) und ein oder zwei Stellmotoren benötigt, diese Komponenten sind in der Systemskizze nicht aufgeführt.to execution the control of the parabolic mirror is still a computer (mini processor) and one or two servomotors needed, these components are not listed in the system sketch.

11
Ebener Parabolspiegelflat parade
22
Montierung des Parabolspiegelsmount of the parabolic mirror
33
Bodenplattebaseplate
44
Wasserrohr (Verdampfungsrohr)water pipe (Evaporation pipe)
55
Halterung für das Wasserrohrbracket for the water pipe
66
Ventil zur Einlasssteuerung des MeerwassersValve for inlet control of seawater
77
Auslassventil für den Wasserdampfoutlet valve for the Steam
88th
Behälter für das MeerwasserContainer for the seawater
99
Ausgang für das Meerwasser zum Verdampfungsrohroutput for the Seawater to the evaporation tube
1010
Eingang für den Wasserdampfentrance for the Steam
1111
Kühlschlangen im Meerwasserbehälter (schematische Darstellung)cooling coils in the seawater tank (schematic representation)
1212
Ausgang für das Trinkwasseroutput for the Drinking water

Claims (6)

Herstellung von Trinkwasser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Meerwasserentsalzungseinheit immer senkrecht zur Sonneneinstrahlung ausgerichtet ist.Production of drinking water, characterized in that the seawater desalination unit always out perpendicular to the sunlight is directed. Herstellung von Trinkwasser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wasserrohr (Verdampfungsrohr) in der Brennlinie des Parabolspiegels angebracht wird.Production of drinking water according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the water pipe (evaporation pipe) in the focal line the parabolic mirror is attached. Herstellung von Trinkwasser nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausrichtung der Entsalzungseinheit durch geeignete Montierungen (inklusive Antrieb) des Parabolspiegels erreicht wird.Production of drinking water according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the orientation of the desalting unit by suitable mounts (including drive) of the parabolic mirror is reached. Herstellung von Trinkwasser nach Anspruch 1, 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erforderlichen Winkel zur Ansteuerung des Parabolspiegels berechnet oder gemessen werden.Production of drinking water according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the required angle for driving of the parabolic mirror are calculated or measured. Herstellung von Trinkwasser nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verdampfungsrohr mit Ventilen ausgestattet ist, die den Zulauf von frischem Meerwasser und den Auslass von Wasserdampf steuern.Production of drinking water according to claim 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the evaporation tube with valves equipped with the feed of fresh seawater and the Control outlet of water vapor. Herstellung von Trinkwasser nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wasserdampf zur Kondensierung durch den Meerwasserbehälter geleitet wird, wodurch das Meerwasser vorgeheizt wird.Production of drinking water according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that the water vapor for condensation through the seawater tank is passed, whereby the sea water is preheated.
DE102006040440A 2006-08-29 2006-08-29 Drinking water production by desalination of seawater using solar radiation, comprises focusing incident solar radiation on evaporation pipe lying in focal line of parabolic mirror and supplying water vapor for preheating the seawater Withdrawn DE102006040440A1 (en)

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DE102006040440A DE102006040440A1 (en) 2006-08-29 2006-08-29 Drinking water production by desalination of seawater using solar radiation, comprises focusing incident solar radiation on evaporation pipe lying in focal line of parabolic mirror and supplying water vapor for preheating the seawater

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2469321A (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-13 Dempson Packaging Ltd System for heating and pasteurising water
CN102897861A (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-30 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 Seawater desalination or sewage purification method
CN102897860A (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-30 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 Manufacturing method for seawater desalination or sewage purification apparatus
CN103318982A (en) * 2013-01-03 2013-09-25 秦世昌 Desalination method

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3394054A (en) * 1965-07-21 1968-07-23 John C. Hoham Solar distillation with heat transfer fluid
GB1325996A (en) * 1971-03-09 1973-08-08 Pedrick A P Massive steam driven flywheels for combined electricity generation and desalination plant particularly for the irrigation of litteral areas of deserts
GB2054129A (en) * 1979-07-12 1981-02-11 Dukess J Solar heat apparatus
US4253307A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-03-03 Smith Derrick A Solar power generator and water purifier
DE3106799A1 (en) * 1981-02-24 1982-09-09 Harald 5800 Hagen Kretsch Device for utilisation or conversion of solar energy
JPS5892753A (en) * 1980-10-29 1983-06-02 Akimasa Tamasaki Intensifying collector of solar heat
US4893612A (en) * 1980-02-25 1990-01-16 Dawson Robert E Radiant energy collector
DE4406365A1 (en) * 1994-02-26 1995-08-31 Wernfried Langer Purifcn. of salt water by distn. in container-transportable solar still
DE102006005099A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-10 Stefanakis, Jannis, Dipl.-Ing. Solar collector, useful as evaporator in water desalination apparatus, comprises parabolic or semicylindrical dish reflector with absorber in form of telescopic tube

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3394054A (en) * 1965-07-21 1968-07-23 John C. Hoham Solar distillation with heat transfer fluid
GB1325996A (en) * 1971-03-09 1973-08-08 Pedrick A P Massive steam driven flywheels for combined electricity generation and desalination plant particularly for the irrigation of litteral areas of deserts
GB2054129A (en) * 1979-07-12 1981-02-11 Dukess J Solar heat apparatus
US4253307A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-03-03 Smith Derrick A Solar power generator and water purifier
US4893612A (en) * 1980-02-25 1990-01-16 Dawson Robert E Radiant energy collector
JPS5892753A (en) * 1980-10-29 1983-06-02 Akimasa Tamasaki Intensifying collector of solar heat
DE3106799A1 (en) * 1981-02-24 1982-09-09 Harald 5800 Hagen Kretsch Device for utilisation or conversion of solar energy
DE4406365A1 (en) * 1994-02-26 1995-08-31 Wernfried Langer Purifcn. of salt water by distn. in container-transportable solar still
DE102006005099A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-10 Stefanakis, Jannis, Dipl.-Ing. Solar collector, useful as evaporator in water desalination apparatus, comprises parabolic or semicylindrical dish reflector with absorber in form of telescopic tube

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2469321A (en) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-13 Dempson Packaging Ltd System for heating and pasteurising water
CN102897861A (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-30 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 Seawater desalination or sewage purification method
CN102897860A (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-30 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 Manufacturing method for seawater desalination or sewage purification apparatus
CN103318982A (en) * 2013-01-03 2013-09-25 秦世昌 Desalination method

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Effective date: 20120301