DE102005029755A1 - Spacer fabric that can shaped to fit used as chair upholstery has permanent rebound properties produced by a specific number spacer fibers per square meter - Google Patents

Abstract

Spacer fabric that can shaped to fit has permanent rebound properties produced by 1-750 spacer fibers per 2.54 square meters. The spacer fabric is in a permanent form produced by the action of heat. An independent claim is also included for a method for the production of the spacer fabric. Preferred Features: The angle, in which the spacer fibers cross and/or run together, can be varied in the production process. The base surfaces are identical or different. The fabric has a hinge formed by a number of spacer fibers in determined regions of the fabric.

Description

The The invention relates to shape-matched spacer fabrics and a method for their production.

spacer, which are among the distance textiles, have been for a while known and consist of two over spacer threads connected textile bases, which run at a distance from each other. The spacer threads are corresponding involved in the process of forming the textile surfaces in the base areas.

The base areas can both parallel (equidistant) as well as with variable distance to each other.

at The use of spacer knits can be done by pressure or already By self-loading come to the fact that the spacer threads kinked be and / or the bases tilt parallel to each other, increasing the distance between them will be annulled.

Various pamphlets offer different solutions to these problems. For example, the American patent specification describes US 5,385,036 a spacer fabric in which the spacer threads are crossed by up to 45 ° with each other. This makes it difficult to tilt the bases. However, the manufacturing process is only suitable for the production of thin spacer fabrics with a maximum thickness of about 12 mm.

Furthermore, from the German patent DE 100 26 405 A1 Spacer knit known in which the spacer threads form so-called IXI structures. Each spacer thread is thus guided through the base areas and bound into the base areas in such a way that, within a repeat, it describes a curve in a shape which can be approximately described by the string IXI. These spacer fabrics are characterized by very good dimensional stability, good compressive rigidity and / or compressive elasticity, excellent load-bearing capacity, exceptional dimensional stability and long-lasting rebound properties.

Furthermore It is known thermoplastic foams by a thermoforming process in a desired To bring shape. Here are the foam parts, for example through a warm solid or by deliberately injected hot gas at certain points to the desired Places softened. An optionally warm form or the mere Softening of specially selected Make it possible then to permanently bring the foam parts into the desired shape, the even after cooling is maintained.

Such if necessary, thermoformed foam parts are among others used as upholstery elements for example in the seat upholstery.

The German patent application DE 102 40 462 describes, for example, a vehicle seat which consists of a conventional padding foam substructure and having recesses in the seat or in the backrest. In these recesses inserters are arranged from a load accommodate the, permanently elastic and provided with permanent return properties Abstandgewirke.

The production of such a seat, which can be adapted by precise ergonomically shaped foam parts very well to the various requirements of the user, for example by adapting to the body shape of the user or to a particular shape of the seat is very expensive. In addition, a high level of comfort is achieved thanks to the excellent air circulation ensured by the inserts made of spacer fabrics, since different materials have to be combined with one another. The transitions at which the materials may have to be connected to each other can be perceived as disturbing by the users. For example, the elasticity of a padding in the bonding of materials can be impaired by the formation of a solid or less elastic splice. In addition, the different materials have to be tuned consuming and very precisely, so that, for example, unwanted differences in strength that affect the comfort, not be perceived by the users as unpleasant. Furthermore, it must also be extremely precise fit, so that even with a pressure load no existing or occurring gaps disturb the comfort of the user. The presence of the foam parts is anyway always associated with loss of comfort, since they can not absorb and dissipate the heat and moisture emitted by the body sufficiently. It is not possible in the foam areas sufficient air circulation and thus sweat can not be dissipated. In order to improve the air circulation, it is possible to apply a thin spacer knit to optionally thermoformed foam parts which continue to perform the task of cushioning. However, the body weight compresses the spacer fabric and at least impairs air circulation. Furthermore, it is unfavorable that foam parts, if any, then be very difficult to recycle NEN.

Therefore, the German patent specification describes DE 100 13 492 a vehicle seat, in which the different areas of the seat, which are provided with a spacer knitted fabric, are separated only by webs. Height differences in the seat can be achieved by different distances of the top surfaces of the spacer fabric. This type of seat padding makes it possible, at least to some extent, to adapt a padding made of spacer knit fabric to a specific body shape or to a specific seat shape by the use of spacer yarns of different lengths. However, the problems already described, which arise in the production of a padding of a plurality of materials, continue to exist, since the different zones of spacer fabric are separated from webs in this case as well.

task The invention is the optimal adaptation of a padding a desired shape and to allow for the requirements of a user, where the desired shape individually to the shape of the body to be worn or Body part to a specific seat shape, to mechanical requirements, to utility function or ergonomic needs can customize and further ensuring the greatest possible comfort becomes.

According to the invention this Task by form - adapted spacer knitted fabric with the characteristics of independent claims 1 or 2 solved.

Especially The invention relates to form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with permanent Bouncing. Also the preferred embodiments The invention relates in particular to spacer fabrics permanent return characteristics. Such permanent return characteristics are for many applications are particularly preferred and make it possible, the spacer according to the invention for example in seating furniture, especially chairs and armchairs to use. However, the embodiments always relate also the case that the spacer knitted fabric is rigid, that is largely undeformable, are. Such rigid Abstandsgewirke are suitable especially for inserts, at which a dimensionally stable body should be created. Examples of such dimensionally stable bodies are Cladding elements, for example, for seat or chair backrest or Lordosestützen.

Especially preferred embodiments of The invention relates to combinations of spacer fabrics with optionally different sizes Restoring forces on the one hand and dimensionally stable spacer fabrics.

So is it possible, for example, Seating furniture with integrated lumbar support in a substantially continuous operation.

Because of their elastic resistance to plastic changes are subsequently also substantially dimensionally stable spacer knitted as Form-adapted spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties.

advantageous Further developments of the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent Bouncing emerge from the dependent claims 3 to 29. The object is further achieved by a method for the production of shape-matched spacer fabrics with durable return properties according to one of the claims 20 or 31 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the method emerge from the subclaims 32 to 45.

Further Advantages, special features and expedient developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred embodiments.

The shape-matched spacer fabrics according to the invention are characterized by permanent return properties and a form which largely corresponds to a desired shape. The permanent return properties are achieved by a certain number of spacer threads per unit area and / or by a special guidance of the spacer threads of the spacer knitted fabric. From a certain number of spacer threads per unit area is ensured even by the mere number of spacer threads that, for example, a kinking of all spacer threads and / or tilting of the bases are largely difficult. In addition or as an alternative to this, for example, buckling of the spacer threads and / or tilting of the base surfaces can also be made considerably more difficult by special guidance of the spacer threads of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties. By guiding the spacer threads of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties, of course, a distance between the two base surfaces is guaranteed. In this case, the leadership of the spacer threads can be varied within a repeat. For example, the spacer threads may be passed through the bases and bound into the bases so as to describe, within a repeat, a curve in a shape approximated by the characters I, X and V or by strings comprising any combination of these characters. For example, IXI, IVI, VXV, VXI or IXV can be described. A repeat within the meaning of the invention is the part of a spacer knitted fabric, according to which the leadership of the spacer threads in manufacturing direction or transversely repeated. A buckling of the spacer threads and / or a tilting of the base surfaces can be made much more difficult. Furthermore, in particularly preferred embodiments, the guidance of the spacer threads corresponds to the above-mentioned character sequences and particularly preferably to the string IXI, since, for example, a buckling of the spacer threads and / or a tilting of the base surfaces can be made particularly difficult. Shape-matched spacer fabrics with permanent return properties in the context of the invention are spacer fabrics which can be adapted both to a specific desired shape and to the requirements of the user and have durable return properties. Permanent return properties are present if the shape-matched spacer knitted fabrics return to their original desired shape as far as possible after a single or multiple deformation due to an optionally heavy and / or lasting load. In this case, the extent of deformation of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with rebound properties can be determined by the guidance of the spacer threads within a repeat and / or the base surface weave, and / or the thread material used, and / or the structure of the base surfaces, and / or the number of spacer threads, and / or the angle at which the spacer threads intersect and / or converge, and / or the formation of the hinges, and / or the arrangement of the joints, from a largely non-existent deformation to deformation almost the entire thickness of the conformed spacer fabric progressively can be varied. For example, the thickness of the conformed spacer knit having rebound properties needed to achieve excellent load bearing properties varies between 0.1 and 25 cm.

The Thickness is preferably at least 0.1 cm, more preferably at least 5 cm and more preferably at least 7 cm.

The Upper limit of the thickness can not exceed 25 cm, more preferably at most 15 cm.

The Number of spacer threads the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics per 2.54 square centimeter, which is needed to make excellent and permanent return and to achieve load-bearing properties, for example between 1 and 750 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters.

The Number of spacer threads the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics is preferably at least 1 spacer thread per 2.54 square centimeter, more preferably at least 10 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters.

The Upper limit of the number of spacer threads of the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics is preferably at most 750 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters, more preferably at most 500 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters and even more preferably at most 250 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters.

The by one according to DIN 53579, part 1 (hardness test on finished parts (indentation test)) certain strength of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Return features that needed is to provide excellent load-bearing properties and sufficient and to ensure a comfortable fit of an object to be carried, For example, it may be at least 5 N, preferably at least 25 N and more preferably at least 40 N be.

The Upper limit can be at most 400 N, preferably at most 350N and most preferably at most 300 N amount.

The shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties can for example, an area of at least 10 square centimeters, preferably at least 15 square centimeters and more preferably at least 20 square centimeters.

In preferred embodiments the shape-adapted according to the invention Spacer knit with durable rebound properties can also the leadership the spacer threads within a rapport and consequently also the characters or the string through which the in the leadership of the spacer threads within a curve formed approximate and described in Manufacturing direction and / or be varied across.

These variations allow it, load-bearing properties, dimensional stability, compressive rigidity and / or compressive elasticity, the shape constancy and the return characteristics to influence and shape-matched spacer knits with permanent Bouncing flexible and convenient to suit the requirement of the user. This represents the highest possible Comfort for sure.

The requirements include all the features needed to optimize a user's sense of comfort. For example, the requirement of a user may have certain properties in terms of strength, load bearing properties, dimensional stability, compressive stiffness and / or compressive elasticity, the dimensional stability of the rebound properties and the air circulation enabled, and preferably also the moisture, vapor or liquid discharge. The user desires, for example, to maximize his comfort, an individualized strength, which gives the various parts of the body the respectively required and / or perceived hold, a certain compressive rigidity and / or compressive elasticity, which causes a more or less sinking of various body parts into the body Spacer knitted fabric having durable rebound properties enables certain load bearing properties to ensure that a given load can be accommodated by the knitted fabric having durable rebound properties, largely without passing the load fully or partially to, for example, structural members, certain rebound properties that ensure that the fabric has a high resilience Resistant knit fabrics with permanent rebound properties return to their original shape after deformation caused by possibly heavy and / or long-lasting loading, a b Certain air permeability, which allows good air circulation, or a certain dimensional stability and / or dimensional stability, which ensures that the original form as far as possible at an optionally sustained and / or heavy loads.

Furthermore can Form-adapted spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties the variation of the leadership the spacer threads in the direction of manufacture or transversely divided into several areas which are in terms of load-bearing properties, dimensional stability, compressive rigidity and / or compressive elasticity, the Distinguish shape consistency and the return properties. An area within the meaning of the invention is a part of a thing that at least from the other contiguous parts of this thing different. These areas can Parts of the preferably permanent rebound properties having conformed Spacer knit different or the same shape and / or size. For example, areas of the form-fitting spacer knit differ with permanent return characteristics, in which by the leadership the spacer threads within a repeat, for example, approximated by a curve I can be described of areas of conforming spacer fabrics with permanent return characteristics, in which by the leadership the spacer threads within a repeat, for example, the resulting curve approximated can be described by an X, significantly in terms of load-bearing properties, dimensional stability, compressive stiffness and / or compressive elasticity, Shape constancy and return properties. there are the aforementioned properties in the fields of shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties, in those by the leadership the spacer threads for example, approximated by a curve arising within a repeat An X can usually be better. The aforementioned Properties of areas of conforming spacer fabrics with permanent return characteristics, in which by the leadership the spacer threads for example, approximated by a curve arising within a repeat A V can be described mostly between properties the areas of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing, in which by the leadership the spacer threads for example, approximated by a curve arising within a repeat an I can be described and the characteristics of the areas the form-fitting spacer fabric with durable return properties, in which by the leadership the spacer threads for example, approximated by a curve arising within a repeat an X can be described, to classify. By this preferred Division of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties in different areas, which different strengths and / or the shape constants and / or the shape stabilities and / or the return properties may have the form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with durable return characteristics be flexibly and conveniently adapted to the requirement of the user. This represents the highest possible Comfort for sure.

In particularly preferred embodiments the shape-adapted according to the invention Spacer knit with durable return properties can each spacer thread of the spacer knit so passed through the bases and so in the bases be integrated, that he within a rapport a curve describes in a figure approximated by the string IXI can be described.

advantageously, becomes the spacer knitted by heat permanently in a form largely corresponding to a desired shape brought.

The desired shape of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties is the shape with which the desired - possibly ergonomic - shape of the spacer knitted fabric used to make the patterned knitted spacer fabric with permanent return properties is to be achieved. The desired shape is thus the shape to which the shape of the spacer fabric is to be adapted with permanent return properties. In this case, the desired shape individually to the shape of the body or body to be worn partly adapted to a particular seat shape, mechanical requirements, utility function or ergonomic needs. For example, it may be necessary to adapt the desired shape to specific mechanical requirements, for example, increased stress in certain areas due to a greater load in these areas. This adaptation can be achieved, for example, by not deforming the shape-matched spacer fabrics with permanent return properties in certain areas and designing them to have particularly good load-bearing properties in these areas, since in these areas the entire thickness of the spacer fabrics is available as a load-bearing travel stands. On the other hand, adaptation to a utility function includes, for example, a design that allows for increased lateral support when considering use as part of a ride and / or aircraft seat cushion, or simply as a ride and / or seat cushion. The adaptation to a utility function may also include a design that is particularly useful for the intended use. For example, the desired shape can be adapted to the function of use by ensuring a wedge-shaped shape for a shape-matched spacer fabric intended for use as a seat wedge with durable rebound properties. Furthermore, an adaptation to ergonomic needs is possible, which ensures an improvement of the interface between the user and the object, for example, the upholstery, and thus guarantees a high level of comfort.

This allows to provide ergonomic and customized parts, the thereby good load-bearing properties, a good dimensional stability, good Compressive stiffness and / or compressive elasticity, excellent dimensional stability and excellent rebound properties have, in addition, a good air circulation is enabled.

In a particularly preferred embodiment the spacer according to the invention with permanent return characteristics, in each spacer thread of spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties describes a curve that approximates can be described by the string IXI, the entire shape-matched spacer knitwear with durable hopping properties very well stabilized. The spacer threads form accordingly by their special guidance and connection with the base areas in this case, so-called IXI structures. This will be a kink the spacer threads and / or a tilting of the bases even then by the IXI structure the spacer threads prevented very efficiently as the length of the spacer threads increases, to the thickness of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing to increase up to 15 cm. As a result, it is through the IXI structure the spacer threads possible, depending on the length the spacer threads, up to 15 cm thick spacer knit produce, which good load-bearing properties, a good dimensional stability, good compressive stiffness and / or compressive elasticity, excellent dimensional stability and have excellent rebound properties.

Of the Angle in which the spacer threads of the form-fitting Abstandgewirkes with permanent return characteristics can cross and / or converge, can be changed. For example For example, the angle at which the spacer threads of the intersect shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties, changed become. Two or more different angles in which the an X-forming spacer threads intersect the contoured spacer fabric with permanent return properties Define two or more different areas of the shape-matched Spacer knit with durable return properties. Further can the individual areas that are about the angle in which the spacer threads Cross and / or converge, no matter what form and / or Size they are. For example, you can the individual areas should be square or rectangular. As a result, can the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return properties, for example, at least be divided into two areas where the angles in which the spacer threads crossing and / or converging, are different.

Of the Angle in which the spacer threads of the form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics Cross and / or converge, as often as possible in the direction of manufacture or changed transversely become. By the change the angle at which the spacer threads of the form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics, is the compressive stiffness and / or compressive elasticity of the shape-matched Spacer knit influenced with permanent return properties.

As a result, it is also possible to modify the strength and / or the dimensional stability and / or the dimensional stability and / or the rebound properties of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties in various areas. By this variation of the angle at which the spacer threads intersect and / or converge, the strengths and / or the shape constants and / or the shape stabilities and / or the rebound properties of the Form-fitted spacer knit fabrics with durable hopping properties can be flexibly and conveniently adapted to the user's requirement. This ensures the highest possible comfort.

Everyone The area of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties, one different at least to another area Angle, in which the spacer threads of the shape-matched Abstandsgewirkes with permanent return characteristics and / or run together, also has its own, of at least one of the other areas different strength and / or Form consistency and / or dimensional stability and / or rebound property.

Two or more areas with different angles, in which themselves the spacer threads the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics Cross and / or converge define two or more different strength zones within a shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent Bouncing.

ever narrower or narrower, for example, formed by the spacer threads X in an area of the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent Bouncing is, the higher and / or better is the strength and / or the shape constancy and / or the dimensional stability and / or the return property in this area.

Vice versa is the strength and / or the shape constancy and / or the dimensional stability and / or the Return property in a range of conforming spacer fabrics with durable hopping properties Naturally the lower and / or worse, the wider, for example, a from the spacer threads Form-fitting spacer knit fabric with lasting rebound properties X is.

By this particularly preferred division of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return characteristics in different areas, which different strengths and / or Shape constants and / or shape stabilities and / or rebound properties may have the form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with durable return characteristics be flexibly and conveniently adapted to the requirement of the user. This represents the highest possible Comfort for sure.

for example can Form-fitted spacer knits with permanent return properties different Areas with different angles, in which the spacer threads of the shape-matched Intersect spacer fabrics with permanent return properties and / or converge, and include different strengths, which the different body parts the respectively required and / or give a pleasant feel.

advantageously, can through the different areas with different angles, in which the spacer threads the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics cruising and / or converging, and by different strengths Ensure that different body parts as required and angles in which the spacer threads of the conformed spacer knit with permanent return characteristics cross and / or converge, individually more or less in the spacer knitted fabric sinks in with permanent return properties can, giving a high comfort feeling is produced.

Furthermore can the two bases the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics be identical or different as needed. The bases of the Form-fitted spacer fabrics with durable return properties can be a different have open or closed structure.

For example can the bases the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics closed tight-knit textile knits or open net-like textile knits include.

The Structure of the base the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics is her real nature.

The Structure of form - fitting spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties Floor space can be fluent vary between a closed and an open structure. A Floor space with an open structure according to the invention is therefore a Floor space, the openings to some extent having. These openings can for example by big and / or wide mesh or through the formation of a net-like close-meshed Textile fabrics are created. The openings can be of any shape and / or size.

For example For example, a net-like close-meshed textile knit can be square, rectangular, have triangular, octagonal, round, oval or honeycomb-shaped openings.

The openings, one of the bases can also be of different shape and / or size.

A Floor space with a closed structure in the context of the invention is expediently a base area, which comprises a textile fabric. Preferably, the textile is knit closely.

The Structure of the bases influences the point elasticity. The more open the structure of the base area, the more it sinks resting parts in the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties one.

A open structure of the bases It can therefore be characterized by a rather closed structure of the base areas be distinguished on a more open footprint of a shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics dormant parts stronger in the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties sink in as equal parts on a rather closed base of a otherwise same distance knitted fabric with permanent return properties rest. It can one of the two bases or both bases in manufacturing direction or across a different open or closed structure.

Therefore may also be due to the structure of the bases of the conformed spacer knitwear with permanent return characteristics Be sure to make different body parts as needed more or less in the spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties can sink in, giving a high comfort feeling is produced.

moreover can the bases independently be continuous from their structure or have interruptions. For example, a footprint have an interruption to facilitate the formation of a joint.

Such Joints can To be places where the form-fitting spacer knits with permanent Bouncing are particularly easy to bend. Conveniently, the two opposite base areas mostly not interrupted in the same place. Accordingly, will by varying the structure of the bases and / or by presence of continuous parts of the base and / or interruptions of the Floor space the division of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing in different areas possible, which different point elasticity and / or strength and / or Form constancy may have.

The point elasticity and / or strength and / or dimensional stability of the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics thanks to a variation of the structure of the bases and / or the continuity the base areas in each area, in which the structure and / or continuity the base area different from that of another area, individual, flexible and conveniently adapted to the requirement of the user the highest possible To ensure comfort.

Furthermore, the surface area bonding of the two base surfaces of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties can also be different. The surface area binding describes the way in which the spacer threads are integrated into the respective base area. Thus, the surface area binding also has an influence on the point elasticity and / or the strength of the shape-matched spacer fabric. Exemplary types of surface area binding are described in German Offenlegungsschrift DE 100 26 405 A1 , to which reference is made in full, described in detail.

The Floor area bond one of the two bases or both bases can be varied in the direction of manufacture or across. The variation the surface bonding again allows the division of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return characteristics in different areas, which have different point elasticities and / or Strengths may have. Thus, the point elasticity and / or strength of the form-fitting spacer fabric with durable Bouncing also thanks to a variation of the surface area bonding in each area, in which the surface area binding different from that of another area, individual, flexible and conveniently adapted to the requirement of the user the highest possible To ensure comfort.

Further, the number of spacer threads of the conformed spacer knit may vary with permanent or in the direction of manufacture or transversely. Also, the variation of the number of spacer threads allows the division of the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties in different areas, which may have different strengths. Thus, the strength and / or the dimensional stability and / or the dimensional stability and / or the rebound characteristic of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric having durable rebound properties can also be achieved by varying the number of spacer threads in each region in which the number of the spacer threads differs from that of another region , individual, flexible and comfortable adapted to the user's request to ensure the highest level of comfort.

By a reduction in the number of spacer threads in certain areas the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent return properties For example, at least one joint in the form-adapted Spacer knitted formed with durable return properties become.

These Joints are places of form-fitting spacer knitwear with permanent ones Bouncing, where the spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties bend and bend particularly well. A reduction in the number the spacer threads in a certain area of the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent return properties causes that the strength and / or stability and / or the shape constancy decreases in this area, resulting in a simplified bending and Kinking allows becomes. The joints can therefore by one, compared to the directly adjacent areas the form-fitting spacer fabric with durable return properties, reduced to zero number of spacer threads in a certain range the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return properties formed become. The formation of the joints can also be varied, by, for example, the number of spacer threads to form a Joint up to a certain each different set Value is lowered and / or the reduction in the number of spacer threads progressive or in one or more stages. The can Any joints in the direction of production of the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics or be arranged transversely thereto.

The Joints can For example, serve that the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return characteristics adapt better to the moving parts of the support surface. For example, it may be in the upholstery of an adjustable seat at least partially by form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing be desirable that the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties have different joints, which make it the shape matched distance with permanent return characteristics enable, exactly along the mechanical joints that help to adjust the Seat can be used, easily kinked and / or bent.

Of Further, it is by reducing the number of spacer threads in certain Areas of the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties, which leads to the formation of joints, for example, also possible, one Cutting the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent return properties in these areas, as by reducing the Number of spacer threads in certain areas of the form-fitting distance knit fabric permanent return characteristics the stability and / or strength and / or dimensional stability in these areas the conformed spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties reduced becomes.

on the other hand can but the joints also serve, for example, the shape of the shape-adapted Spacer knitwear with durable return features comfortable and change quickly. For example, you can Joints a folding or rolling up the form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics simplify the stowage of the form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics To save space in a confined space. A break one of the bases in the area of a joint, the bending and / or simplifying again simplifies Kinking, as by the interruption of the base area stability and / or strength and / or the dimensional stability in the region of the joint is reduced.

In order to the deformation of the spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties in the manufacture of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing is simplified, the number of spacer threads, for example, progressive up to the points and / or at the points that are deformed until be reduced to zero. By the possibly progressive Reduction of the number of spacer threads to the places and / or In the places that are deformed to zero, can the strength and / or stability the spacer knit with durable rebound properties that for producing the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable Bouncing be used, targeted to be diminished in the places that be deformed. The deformation is simplified because of that For example, less pressure on the parts to be deformed exercised must become. In addition, because of the possibly progressive reduction of Number of spacer threads up to the points and / or at the points which are deformed, one particularly high dimensional stability be ensured at the deformed points, as well as the Bouncing reduced by an optionally progressive decrease in the number of spacer threads become.

Furthermore, the thread material of shape-matched spacer fabrics with permanent return properties in the direction of manufacture or across are varied. The thread material according to the invention in this case comprises the material which can be used in thread form, but preferably also for example as a monofilament, for the production of the base surfaces and / or the spacer threads of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties. Different thread materials can also be used to produce the base surfaces and the spacer threads. In the variation of the thread material, the thread material per se and / or the thickness of the thread material can be varied. As thread materials are, for example, cotton, wool, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfones, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, E-glass, AR-glass or C-fiber coated or uncoated, in question. These may be yarns, mono- or multifilaments, which can be combined with each other as desired. A coating which may be present may be, for example, an antibacterial, a moisture-absorbing, a functional or a hydrophobic coating. However, the thread material itself may also have, for example, antibacterial, moisture-absorbing, functional or hydrophobic properties.

One antibacterial thread material or an antibacterial coating For example, cyclodextrins, triclosan, chitosan, silver ions, Silver particles or quaternary Include ammonium compounds. Hydrophobic thread materials or coatings can For example, fluorinated hydrocarbons include.

moisture Thread materials or coatings may include, for example, polyacrylic acid or include other polymers or polymer blends that absorb water and optionally hydrogels can form. moisture Substances can alternatively to their use only as thread material also in one existing form-fitting spacer fabric with durable Bouncing be inserted and / or introduced to one within the form-adapted Spacer knit with lasting return properties occurring Absorb moisture and thus, for example, the comfort of a sweaty user standing on a form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics is resting, increasing.

functional Thread materials or coatings can be functional, for example Compounds and / or molecules optionally with certain other compounds and / or molecules react. For example, by functional thread materials or by functional coatings, which compounds and / or molecules which, for example, react selectively with water, the humidity within the entire shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent Bouncing be determined. In particular embodiments of the invention, functional Thread materials or coatings, for example, odor control molecules such as cyclodextrins.

Further affects both the thickness and the nature of the thread material the strength, the rebound properties, the load-bearing properties, the dimensional stability, the compressive stiffness and / or compressive elasticity and the dimensional stability of the conformed spacer knitted fabric with durable return properties. Accordingly, you can all the aforesaid properties of the shaped spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics thanks to a variation of the nature or the thickness of the thread material in any area where the nature or the thickness of the thread material different from that of another area, individual, flexible and conveniently adapted to the requirement of the user the highest possible comfort sure.

Furthermore For example, the thread material of the conformed spacer fabric may be a thermoplastic Be thread material. Such a thermoplastic thread material is particularly suitable for the production of shape-matched spacer fabrics with permanent return characteristics, as it initially softens and softens under the influence of heat Condition so deformed, that after cooling no longer self-employed takes its original form. Through the use of thermoplastic Thread materials can have a particularly high dimensional stability or dimensional stability the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with variable permanent Bouncing guaranteed become.

One Molded spacer fabric according to the invention with permanent return characteristics can be a single-ply or a multi-ply spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing include.

A multi-ply spacer fabric having durable return properties may include, in particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, a plurality of interconnected single-ply spacer fabrics having durable return characteristics. In this case, a multi-layered spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties comprises, for example, at least two, preferably at least three and particularly preferably at least four interconnected single-ply spacer knitted fabrics with durable return characteristics. The single-ply knitted fabric having durable recovery properties can be bonded together, for example, by selective exposure to heat, which allows for local and limited fusion of the knitted fabric having durable recovery characteristics.

• – die Führung der Abstandsfäden innerhalb eines Rapportes
• – die Grundflächenbindung,
• – das verwendete Fadenmaterial,
• – die Struktur der Grundflächen,
• – die Anzahl der Abstandsfäden,
• – den Winkel, in dem sich die Abstandsfäden kreuzen und/oder zusammenlaufen,
• – die Ausbildung der Gelenke und
• – die Anordnung der Gelenke.

The interconnected single-ply spacer fabrics having durable return characteristics may be different in whole or in part with respect to one or more of the following features:

• - The leadership of the spacer threads within a repeat
• - the surface bonding,
• The thread material used,
• - the structure of the bases,
• The number of spacer threads,
• The angle at which the spacer threads intersect and / or converge,
• - the training of the joints and
• - the arrangement of the joints.

One Such a form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable rebound properties, which several single-ply spacer knits with permanent return properties includes, referring to the guidance of the spacer threads within a repeat and / or the base area binding, and / or the used Thread material, and / or the structure of the bases, and / or the number of Spacer threads, and / or the angle at which the spacer threads intersect and / or converge, and / or the formation of the joints, and / or the arrangement of Distinguishing joints, in whole or in part, makes it possible a vertical variation of the strength, the rebound properties, the Load bearing properties, dimensional stability, compressive stiffness and / or compressive elasticity and the shape constancy over a part or the whole thickness of the form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics sure.

All aforementioned properties can also within a layer, which is a single-ply knitted fabric with permanent return characteristics corresponds, thanks to the means described above are varied.

Therefore can all the aforesaid properties of the shaped spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics thanks to various single-layer spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties in any vertical area, with a single-ply spacer knitted fabric with consistent return characteristics, which differs from another vertical area, which with a other single ply knitted fabric with durable return properties differentiates, individually, flexibly and comfortably to the requirements the user can be adjusted to ensure the highest level of comfort.

by virtue of the just described by way of example various embodiments of the shape-adapted Spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties different variations achieve.

The Features of form-fitting spacer knit with durable Bouncing can horizontal both in the direction of manufacture and across, as well as be changed vertically, by the base surface bond and / or the thread material used and / or the structure of the base and / or the number of spacer threads and / or the angle at which the spacer threads intersect and / or converge, and / or the formation of the joints and / or the arrangement of the joints, in Whole or in part of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing modified.

there can the areas that differ by certain characteristics, be of any shape and / or size. The shape and size of the different Areas can be the same or different. From these manifold variations shows that the shape-matched spacer fabric according to the invention with permanent return characteristics individual, comfortable and flexible to the requirements of the user can be adjusted for the highest possible comfort sure.

for example can for every body part of the user, which is on a form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics resting, individually through the different variations to create an area whose aforementioned characteristics to the respective body part to be worn adapted to optimize comfort. The excellent Air circulation in shape-matched spacer fabrics with durable hopping properties allows thereby again an increase of the comfort.

In addition, can an inventive shape adapted Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties at least include a sensor. A sensor in the sense of the invention is a device for measuring at least one specific physical quantity.

The sensors can be inside the forman fitted spacer fabric with durable return characteristics or be introduced as a probe from the outside in the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties.

The Sensors can also as a functional thread material or as a functional coating of the Thread material executed be. In the first case, each functional thread of the thread material a sensor that is part of the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent Bouncing is. For example, could such a functional thread material comprise metallic threads, which serve as a thermocouple and in the manufacture and / or further processing in the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties were introduced. In the latter case, there is at least one volume area at least in one area and / or the spacer thread region of a plurality of sensors, the part of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties are.

The Sensors can for example, according to the requirements of the user various trigger visual or auditory alerts, an additional Ventilation over at least a fan switch on, or a pump to pump out any detected liquid from the form-fitting spacer fabric with durable return characteristics activate.

The Enable sensors for example, temperature, humidity or concentration of a certain substance in the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric permanent return characteristics determine. It can Also, several sensors are used to measure the above and / or other physical quantities, optionally independent of each other in different zones of the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics. The zones of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties are parts of any shape and size of the form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics, in which measurements of at least one physical quantity by at least one sensor takes place. The number of zones is not limited. The measurement within a zone can be done by one or more sensors take place, which determines one or more physical quantities.

Of the or the sensor (s) can also be connected to a data processing unit, which that transmitted by the sensor (s) Data at specific intervals also compares with setpoints. The set point (s) and the Distance in which the values transmitted by the sensor (s) coincide with the or the set point (s) can be arbitrarily and conveniently changed, for example, by changing the programming of the data processing unit. Becomes a deviation of the measured value or the measured values is determined by the or the setpoint (s), if necessary the data processing unit causes an action, for example the activation of at least one signal lamp and / or at least a horn and / or at least one heating element and / or at least one motor of a fan with or without heating and / or cooling element or heat supply or discharge or a pump. It is possible to measure both the extent of the deviation, if necessary, by the data processing unit takes place, as well as freely define the nature of the action. Furthermore, can the extent of Actually dependent from the determined extent of Deviation of the measured value or the measured values to the nominal value or the setpoints are varied. The extent of where appropriate by the Data processing unit triggered Action can be increased in stages or continuously or be reduced if the deviation increases or decreases. For example, the volume the signal horn generated by the horn and / or the luminosity the signal lamp and / or the power of a heating element and / or the speed of the motor of a fan And / or a pump increases, or diminished, if necessary, by the data processing unit ascertained deviation or relationship decreases. About that can out optionally, the data measured by the sensor or sensors stored in the data processing unit or otherwise, to understand the variation of one or more values in a given time interval to be able to and, if appropriate, a specific course of the increase or the decrease of the measured value or the measured values to trigger a special action.

For example, the temperature within the conformed spacer fabric having permanent rebound properties may be measured by at least one sensor in at least one zone. The sensor (s) may also be wirelessly connected to a data processing unit, for example, which compares the data transmitted by the sensor (s) at certain programmed intervals with likewise programmed setpoint values. If a deviation of the measured value (s) from the set point (s) is detected, the data processing unit performs an action, for example the activation of at least one motor of a cooling or heating power fan and / or the activation of a heating element. By the use of this fan or these fans and / or heating element (s) and / or cooling element (s), the measured temperature values of the setpoint (s) can be adjusted again. If appropriate, the action of the data processing unit can only take place if a deviation of the measured temperature values from the set point (s) by a specific limit value is determined, for example by at least 3 ° C. For example, the fan can be operated at a low speed at a deviation of 3 ° C downwards, which can be increased in steps or continuously, for example, based on the determined deviation of the measured temperature values to the set point (s), if the Deviation increases and can be reduced in stages or continuously again, if the deviation decreases.

The Sensors can for example, according to the requirements of the user various trigger visual or auditory alerts, an additional Ventilation over at least a fan Turn on, a heating element or a pump for pumping out any discovered liquid from the form-fitting spacer fabric with durable return characteristics activate.

The presence a liquid within the form-fitting spacer knit with durable hopping properties For example, by measuring the moisture within the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics get discovered. In doing so, the moisture within the shape is adjusted Spacer knitted fabric with durable return properties at least one sensor measured in at least one zone. The river Oder the sensor (s) can with a data processing unit, for example, wirelessly connected which are the data transmitted by the sensor (s) in certain programmed intervals compares with also programmed setpoints. Will a deviation the measured values to the setpoint values is determined by the data processing unit an action, for example the activation at least a motor of a pump. The appearance of a liquid within the conformed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics leads to a sudden, possibly abrupt increase in measured humidity within the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics. To the, with urinating, for example, leakage a liquid associated increase in the humidity of one for example through Sweating caused a difference in humidity to differ can and either causing activation of a fan or a pump, can the data measured by the sensor (s), for example, with respect to Humidity in the data processing unit or otherwise be cached at a special Course of increase or decrease of measured values a special one To trigger action. For example, in the case of an abrupt or at least steep increase the measured humidity of the motor of a pump can be activated, since it can be assumed that a liquid in the form-adapted Spacer knitted fabric with durable return properties is gone. In contrast, with a slower and more progressive increase of measured humidity of the motor of a fan can be activated because the observed increase in moisture is more likely to occur Sweating of the user and a situational insufficient moisture drainage is due.

The Sensors can possibly also the chemical composition of the air or a liquid analyze and thereby in the presence of a liquid in the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties For example, distinguish between blood, urine and sweat, and the requirements trigger the user according to alarm, for example, on to alert you to a possible loss of blood or a pump activate, which pumps off the urine.

at this preferred embodiment It is particularly beneficial to the presence and / or concentration of blood-specific substances, such as hemoglobin and / or urine specific substances, such as urea, by specific To be able to determine means.

The Process for producing the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics includes the preparation that at least one spacer knitted fabric with permanent return characteristics heated and brought into a form largely corresponding to a desired shape becomes. The spacer fabric used can be durable Return features, one Number of spacer threads between 1 and 750 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters, preferably between 10 and 500 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters, and more preferably between 1 and 250 per 2.54 square centimeters. In addition or alternatively This can be used in the spacer fabric used with permanent return properties Each spacer thread is guided through the base areas and thus integrated into the base areas be that he within a rapport a curve in a shape describes the approximated by the characters I, X or V, or by the strings IXI, IVI, VXV, VXI or IXV.

In a particular embodiment the method of making the conformed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics The method involves each spacer thread being passed through the bases and so on in the bases is included within a report a curve in describes a figure approximated by the string IXI can be described, heated and brought into a form largely corresponding to a desired shape becomes.

By heating becomes the spacer fabric used for manufacturing with permanent return properties softened. Heating can for example, between 25 and 700 ° C, preferably between 30 and 400 ° C and more preferably between 150 and 250 ° C for a duration, for example of between 0.001 and 36000 seconds, preferably between 0.001 and 3600 seconds, more preferably between 0.001 and 900 seconds respectively.

To it is advantageously approximately in parts or as a whole approximately until heated to the softening point of the thread material. The softening point is then achieved when the for the production of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return characteristics Spacer knit used with durable rebound properties soften in the softened state so that they do not cool off after cooling more independent take their initial form.

By the method of making the conformed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics will be a hassle-free adaptation to the shape-adapted spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics used spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties to a certain seat shape or the ergonomic requirements of a Achieved application and / or a user.

For example Each one can be made from a spacer knit with permanent return properties existing part of a padding thanks to the method of manufacture the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics to the shape of a lying surface or optionally ergonomically to the shape of the body part to be worn be adjusted.

The Spacer knitted fabrics with durable return properties can be used for Production of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties through a targeted warming be deformed at certain points. The heating can be punctual or nationwide in different areas. The areas that are heated can be different shape or size. Due to the very flexible punctual or in certain areas comprehensive Deformation can be an extremely large number of different shapes Therefore, they are extremely extreme in almost all situations can be well adjusted.

In order to the for the production of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing used spacer fabric with durable rebound properties heating and also soften in the desired Form, they are largely in one of the desired form deformed corresponding shape. It can be used to make the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties used and heated Spacer knit with durable return properties, for example passed between at least two molded parts and then by the compression of the moldings are deformed. It can be the the Sollform largely corresponding form also of several parts exist, which are merged manually or mechanically. The use of a desired shape largely corresponding form is a convenient way of shaping the shape used to make the shape Spacer knit used with durable return properties Spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties to accomplish since only a negative image of the desired shape is needed.

By the use of one of the desired shape largely corresponding form becomes, for example, a progressive deformation by a punctual or nationwide Heat avoided in different places to a given shape to reach.

The Sollform can largely by the use of one of the desired shape corresponding form usually in one or a few heating steps be achieved.

In a further embodiment the method according to the invention can the for the production of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing used spacer fabrics with permanent return properties alternatively be heated by at least one heat carrier, at least partially in the mold or between the moldings located.

A heat transfer medium in the sense of the invention is the substance or the device which transfers the heat generated by a heating element to the distance used to produce the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties knitted fabrics with permanent return properties. The heat carrier may also be the heating element itself. The heat transfer medium can be liquid, gaseous or solid.

Of the in the process of making the conformed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics used solid heat carrier can For example, one of the target form largely corresponding Form include. The parts of a desired shape are largely corresponding Heated form.

The for producing the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable Bouncing used spacer knits with durable return properties in this case, for example, guided between at least two moldings and subsequently first deformed by the compression of the moldings and then until heated to softening point.

there can be the desired shape largely corresponding heat transfer medium as well consist of several parts, which are merged manually or mechanically. Thanks to the use of one of the nominal shape largely corresponding Heat carrier is for example, a progressive deformation by a punctual or nationwide Heat in different places, to achieve a given shape, superfluous.

The Sollform can largely by the use of one of the desired shape corresponding heat carrier mostly achieved in a heating step become. One of the desired shape largely corresponding heat transfer makes it possible also, the apparatus for producing shape-matched spacer fabrics with permanent return characteristics preferably easy to design. An adaptation of the heat carrier to one of the desired shape as far as possible appropriate form is unnecessary. there if a shape deviation with respect to the nominal shape is also minimized, which may occur if the adaptation of the heat carrier corresponding to the desired shape Shape is not optimal.

Further may be in the process of making the conformed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics additionally to at least one solid heat carrier, the a desired shape largely corresponds, at least one further heat carrier used become. This further heat carrier can a solid, a liquid or a gaseous one Be the heat carrier. A liquid or a gas may be additional used for at least one solid heat transfer medium Be the whole for making the form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics used Abstandgewirke with permanent return characteristics very to heat up to the softening point quickly and comfortably the for the production of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent Bouncing used spacer fabric with permanent return properties for gases and liquids very permeable. But it can also be used a further solid heat transfer to the Example from the outside introduced into a mold is and / or is fixedly mounted in a molding. It is the shape of the further heat transfer medium is designed that they are the heat carrier, the a desired shape largely corresponds to achieve the desired shape supported. The size and the Shape of the heat carrier can be arbitrary be varied.

Of the serve further or the other heat transfer also to enable the production of very complex nominal shapes and to get as close to the target shape as possible. This allows the Comfort through more complex, ergonomically shaped, form-fitting spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics be further optimized.

Of Further can in the process for producing the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics Parts of for producing the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return characteristics used spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties not be deformed. Non-deforming can be used in a very targeted manner around the load absorption in certain areas of the form-adapted Spacer fabric with durable return properties to improve because in non-deformed areas the entire thickness of the shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties for load absorption to disposal stands. This ensures, for example, that on one shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties resting body parts to the desired Make the full thickness of the form-fitting spacer knit with permanent return characteristics supported can be what optimized the comfort.

moreover may be in the process of making the conformed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics of the desired shape largely corresponding heat carrier selectively or in certain heated and / or different and / or equal areas heated chilled become.

there can the form of the desired shape largely corresponding or the Sollform largely corresponding heat transfer even from several parts exist, which are merged manually or mechanically.

A the desired shape largely corresponding form can also be punctual or in certain different and / or equal areas chilled become. Punctuation means doing one or more different things Points.

By the aforementioned measures is by means of a cooling Ensure that the deformation is only to the desired Jobs takes place.

for example can the desired shape largely corresponding heat transfer, if only a certain narrow area should be deformed in this Heated area and be cooled directly next to it. This will also ensure the accurate production of the complex Enables nominal shapes, what the ergonomic shape-adapted spacer knit with permanent return characteristics achievable comfort even further improved.

Around the utilization of the devices used to carry out the method of manufacture the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics serve to improve, the process can add an extra Step to be extended, in which the for the production of the form-adapted Spacer knit used with durable return properties Spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties approximate to to be preheated to the softening point, before she finally heated to the softening point become.

Preferably finds the warm-up in a specially for it provided device instead. As in the manufacturing process the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with durable return characteristics needed a certain amount of time is used, so that for the production of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric used with permanent rebound properties Spacer knit with durable return properties in one Device are heated to the softening point of the thread material have to, the device can during the time needed to reach the softening point can not be used.

By the preheating nearly to the softening point of the thread material in a specially designated Device can take the time to reach the softening point greatly shortened in the device become. This of course improves the utilization of the device, and the method of making the conformed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics can be carried out particularly time-saving.

In a particularly preferred embodiment the method of making the conformed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics become the form-fitting spacer knits with lasting return characteristics cooled after their preparation. The cooling can be characterized by a liquid, gaseous or solid substance. In particular, the cooling can through a cold surface, a cold liquid, a cold gas, cold air or a mixture thereof.

for example can the cooling the preferably permanent return characteristics having form-fitting spacer knitted fabric after its manufacture by immersion in water. The use of a cold liquid, a cold gas, cold air or a mixture thereof for cooling the form-fitting spacer knits a particularly fast and comfortable Cooling the conformed spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties their production.

One reason for this is that the form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties for gases and liquids very much permeable are.

The conformed spacer fabrics of the present invention may also be combined with foam and / or other solid or resilient materials, for example, to make upholstery. The wide range of possible variations of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties make it possible to adapt them both to the foam and / or other solid or resilient materials as well as to the support surface of the upholstery. In particular, the vertical variations afforded by at least two conforming spacer fabrics having durable return properties, optionally formed in parts of different interconnected spacer fabrics having durable return properties, allow easy, convenient and rapid adjustment of strength to, for example, the strength of the foam parts or parts of others solid or resilient materials of the form-fitting spacer knitted fabrics with durable return properties to avoid unwanted and disturbing strength differences between different materials. In addition, since the shape-matched spacer knits with permanent rebound properties can be adapted to any nominal shapes, an accurate fitting of the shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties with the parts made of foam and / or other solid or resilient materials is facilitated. Furthermore, it allows the use of shape-matched Ab stabilized with lasting return properties, the foam parts and / or the parts of other solid or resilient materials as small as possible, since these are no longer needed to adapt to, for example, the padding to a desired shape. The area fraction of such parts on a padded surface is, for example, less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, and most preferably less than 10% when using the shape-matched spacer fabric according to the invention with permanent return properties. In addition, these parts are preferably arranged on the edge of the padded surface and / or in less stressed areas. As a result, the known problems that occur in the production of upholstery made of different materials can be largely avoided.

Description of the drawings:

The 1 to 3 are schematic representations of exemplary embodiments of the structures of the bases.

1 shows a textile fabric with an open structure, which can serve as a base. The usable as a base textile fabric is not interrupted in this case and has honeycomb-shaped openings.

2 also shows a textile fabric with an open structure, which can serve as a base. The usable as a base textile fabric is not interrupted in this case and has mostly almost elliptical openings. Wavy webs extend between these openings and are connected by four threads before and after each opening.

Both Textile knit allow in the case of their use as bases a certain subsidence for example, one on the surface resting body part. That may be possible contribute to the optimization of comfort.

3 shows a plan view of a section of a shape-matched spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties. The dark areas are parts of the underlying ground surface, which are visible through a multitude of interruptions in the overhead ground area. The bases are different. The overhead base has an open and net-like structure with different sized square openings. The underlying base is designed throughout and has a closed structure largely without openings. In addition, the spacer fabric may also have a plurality of joints that facilitate bending and / or buckling. In addition, the interruptions in the overhead surface still facilitate bending and / or buckling along the joints. Such a configuration, in which one of the two base surfaces has interruptions, makes it possible, for example, to change the dimensional stability of the spacer fabric specifically in the areas of the interruptions, and also allows easy curling of the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties.

The 4 to 7 provide exemplary parallel to the manufacturing direction possible cross sections of in 3 shown section of a form-fitting spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties.

In 4 For example, a guide of the spacer threads is shown, in which each spacer thread of the spacer fabric is guided through the base surfaces and integrated into the base surfaces so that it describes within a repeat a curve in a shape which can be approximately described by the sign V.

In 5 For example, a guide of the spacer threads is shown in which each spacer thread of the spacer knitted fabric is guided through the base areas and integrated into the base areas so that within a repeat it describes a curve in a shape which can be approximately described by the symbol I.

In 6 For example, a guide of the spacer threads is shown, in which each spacer thread of the spacer knitted fabric is guided through the base areas and integrated into the base areas in such a way that it describes within a repeat a curve in a shape that can be approximately described by the character string IXI. In this case, the shape-adapted spacer fabric with permanent return properties also in the manufacturing direction on a plurality of joints. In the area of the joints, the number of spacer threads is reduced to zero. Such a configuration of the spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties makes it possible, for example, to modify the dimensional stability and the strength of the shape-matched spacer knit fabric with permanent return properties in the areas of the joints in a targeted manner, and also enables the form-fitting knitted spacer knit fabric to be easily rolled up with lasting return properties.

In 7 For example, a guide of the spacer threads is shown, in which each spacer thread of the spacer knitted fabric is guided through the base areas and integrated into the base areas in such a way that it is within a repeat describes a curve in a shape that can be approximately described by the character X. In this case, the shape-adapted spacer fabric with permanent return properties also in the manufacturing direction on a plurality of joints. In the area of the joints, the number of spacer threads has been reduced to zero.

The 8th to 10 FIG. 4 schematically illustrates exemplary corner views of the conformed spacer fabric having durable hemming features having two base surfaces with a closed structure.

8th FIG. 12 illustrates a corner view of a spacer fabric in which each spacer thread of the spacer fabric is passed through the bases and incorporated into the bases so as to describe within a repeat both in the direction of manufacture and across a curve in a shape approximated by the string IXI can be described. The angle of the intersecting spacer threads in the direction of manufacture and across is different.

9 FIG. 12 illustrates a corner view of a spacer fabric in which each spacer thread of the spacer fabric is passed through the bases and bonded to the bases so as to describe, within a repeat, both in the direction of manufacture a curve in a shape approximated by the character string IXI transverse to the direction of manufacture however, can be described by the character I.

10 represents a corner view of a spacer knit fabric in which each spacer thread of the spacer knitted fabric is guided through the base surfaces and integrated into the base surfaces so that it describes a curve in the same direction in the direction of manufacture in a shape that can be approximately described by the character X, However, transversely to the manufacturing direction by the character I can be described.

Claims (45)

Form-matched spacer fabric with permanent return properties, characterized in that the number of spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters between 1 and 750 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters, wherein the spacer knitted fabrics were brought by heat permanently in a desired shape largely corresponding form. Form-adapted spacer fabric with permanent return properties, characterized in that each spacer thread of the spacer knitted fabric so through the bases guided and so in the bases is included within a report a curve in describes a figure approximated by the characters I, X, or V, or by the strings IXI, IVI, VXV, VXI or IXV can be described, wherein the spacer knitted by heat permanently in a desired shape largely corresponding form were brought. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each spacer thread of the spacer knitted fabric so through the bases guided and so incorporated into the bases becomes that he within a rapport a curve in a shape describes the approximated can be described by the strings IXI. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the leadership of the spacer threads within of a repeat in the direction of production or across can. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the angle at which the spacer threads intersect and / or converge, changed can be. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the angle at which the spacer threads intersect and / or converge, in the direction of manufacture or across varied. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the two base areas are identical as needed or different. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the base areas have a different open or closed structure. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that one of the bases is continuous or interruptions having. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that one of the two base surfaces or both base surfaces continuously in manufacturing direction or across a different open or closed structure. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the surface bond of both bases can be different. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the surface bond of a the two bases or both bases in the direction of manufacture or transversely varies. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of spacer threads in the production direction or varied across it. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it comprises at least one joint. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to claim 14, characterized in that a joint through a, in comparison to the directly adjacent regions of the spacer knitted fabric, reduced to zero number of spacer threads in a certain range of the spacer knitted fabric can be formed. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the number of spacer threads progressively up to the points and reduced to zero at the points that are deformed. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the thread material in the production direction or varies across it. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thread material is a thermoplastic thread material is. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that comprises single-layer or multi-ply spacer knitted fabric are. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to claim 19, characterized in that a multi-ply spacer fabric at least two interconnected single-ply spacer fabrics includes. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to claim 20, characterized in that the interconnected single ply knitted fabric in relation to the angle in which the spacer threads cross and / or converge, the surface bonding of the bases, the used thread material, the structure of the bases and the number of spacer threads in whole or in part are different. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that they comprise at least one sensor. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor or sensors are connected to at least one sensor (s) Data processing unit are connected. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the data processing unit that of the or transmitted the sensor (s) Data at specific intervals compares with one or more setpoints. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the setpoint (s) and the distance, in the values transmitted by the sensor (s) with the or the setpoint (s) are compared, arbitrarily and conveniently changed can. Form-adapted spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, if a deviation of the measured value or the measured values for which or the desired value (s) is determined, an action is optionally caused by the data processing unit. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that both the extent of the deviation, starting from the one If necessary by the data processing unit, as well as the nature of the action can be freely defined. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the extent of Actually dependent of the fixed extent of Deviation of the measured value or the measured values to the setpoint (s) can be varied. Form-adapted spacer fabric with durable return properties according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the extent of optionally triggered by the data processing unit action thereby increasing or decreasing in stages or continuously, if the deviation increases or decreases. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties, thereby characterized in that a spacer knitted fabric with permanent return properties, where the number of spacer threads between 1 and 750 spacer threads per 2.54 square centimeters, heated and in one of the desired shape as far as possible appropriate form is brought. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabrics with permanent return properties, thereby characterized in that a spacer knitted fabric in which each spacer thread is so through the bases guided and so in the bases is included within a report a curve in describes a figure approximated by the signs I, X or V, or by the strings IXI, IVI, VXV, VXI or IXV can be described, heated and brought into the desired shape. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties Claim 31, characterized in that a spacer knit with permanent return characteristics, in which each spacer thread is guided through the base areas and thus integrated into the base areas is that he describes a curve in a figure within a rapport, the approximated can be described by the string IXI is heated and in the desired Shape is brought. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one or more of the claims 30, 31 and 32, characterized in that a spacer knitted fabric with permanent return characteristics in parts or as a whole to the softening point of the thread material is heated. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 33, characterized in that a spacer fabric with permanent rebound properties a targeted warming deformed at certain points. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 34, characterized in that a spacer knit with permanent return characteristics in one of the desired shape is largely deformed corresponding shape. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 35, characterized in that at least one heat carrier at least partly in the mold or between the moldings. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 36, characterized in that during heating and Deforming used a heat transfer medium Heat transfer medium is. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties Claim 37, characterized in that during the hot deformation used solid heat carrier one the desired shape largely comprises appropriate form. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties Claim 38, characterized in that in the hot deformation in addition to at least one solid heat carrier, the a desired form largely corresponds, at least one other Used heat transfer medium becomes. A method for producing a shape-matched spacer knitted fabric having durable rebound properties according to any one of claims 30 to 39, characterized in that parts of the spacer knitted fabric are not deformed. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 40, characterized in that the desired shape as far as possible corresponding, heat transfer medium at different Points or in certain different or equal areas heated or chilled becomes. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 41, characterized in that the desired shape as far as possible corresponding form or the desired shape largely corresponding Heat transfer medium at different Points or in certain different or equal areas heated and cooled becomes. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 42, characterized in that the processed spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics nearly be preheated to the softening point of the thread material. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 43, characterized in that the cooling of the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics by a liquid, gaseous or solid substance takes place. Method of making a shape-matched Spacer knitted fabric with permanent rebound properties one of the claims 30 to 44, characterized in that the cooling of the shape-matched spacer fabric with permanent return characteristics by immersion in water.