DE102005007874B3 - Paper stack loosening device, has pressure roller with openings along its length and periphery for emitting compressed air supplied to internal space of roller - Google Patents

Abstract

Compressed air is supplied to the internal space of a pressure roller (130) having air outlet openings along its length and cylindrical periphery. A complementary surface (124) around which the paper stack (104) lies has an axis of symmetry which is parallel to the surface (102) on which the paper rests. An independent claim is included for a method of loosening a stack of paper.

Description

The The invention relates to a device for loosening a stack from leaf-shaped Good, especially a paper stack, according to the preamble of the claim 1 and a method of loosening a stack of sheet material according to the characteristics of claim 42.

By the DE 100 03 024 C2 a vibrating table for a stack of sheet-like material is known, wherein lateral stops are formed on a base plate of the vibrating table, in which blowing nozzles are formed, through which air is blown into the stack during the shaking operation to reduce the friction between the individual sheets. Such a vibrating table is primarily for aligning a stack after at least two side edges.

The DE 693 00 714 T2 describes a device for loosening a stack of sheets, wherein a vibrating table is provided with a bearing surface for the stack. The stack of sheets is placed around a cylinder by means of two pressure rollers.

The GB 743 387 shows an apparatus for separating sheets by means of a suction roll, wherein in the sheet stack is injected laterally air.

The DE 84 37 975 U1 and the DE 1 258 876 B disclose devices for singulating sheets from a stack of sheets by means of suction rolls.

In many cases the individual leaves stick one Stack together so that a later separation of the leaves of the Stack can be difficult. This is especially true printed paper stacks, where the ink adhesion to the can significantly increase the neighboring leaf.

Of the Invention is based on the object, an apparatus and a method for loosening a stack of sheet-like material, in particular one Paper stack, creating, with a separation of the individual sheets safely he follows.

The The object is achieved by the Characteristics of claim 1 or 42 solved.

The particular advantages of the invention are that due to the pressing of the stack to the counter surface with convex curvature achieved an effective separation of the individual leaves of the leaf stack is after the individual pressed against the mating surface leaves of the stack due to their different distance from the axis of the convex curvature different Occupy radii of curvature, causing a fanning of the stack.

Farther allows the divisibility of the support table a particularly simple, stable, compact and inexpensive mechanical structure of the device, which allows the support table when feeding and discharge the stack is closed, so a smooth transport surface for the stack present, and at the same time the moving pressure elements to simple Way brought by the resulting gap below the support table or from there to the stack are movable. Also, the device for all Paper sizes suitable.

The counter surface can basically any curvature have, after appropriate realization of the pressure elements always the desired one fanning of the stack can be achieved. A mechanically particularly simple solution results However, in the case of a convex curvature of the mating surface, wherein a cylindrical or partially cylindrical mating surface is preferred.

Of the Rest table can be divisible into three or more parts, in which case two or more gaps are created, through which e.g. each one of Pressure elements hindurchführbar is. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the support table but divisible into two halves, forming a middle gap a particularly simple mechanical solution allows.

The movable pressure elements can basically be formed flat be with a shape that takes into account the shape of the mating surface the stack thickness is adjusted, and a large area to the bottom of the stack be applied, or substantially linear, these essentially linear Pressure elements first be brought substantially centrally to the stack and then in the direction both stack ends in opposite directions along the stack guided so that it is increasingly pressed against the counter surface becomes.

Such line-shaped pressure elements could be brush elements, for example. In the invention, however, the movable pressure elements are formed by pressure rollers, which are preferably freely unrolled on the underside of the stack. In particular, two pressure rollers are provided, which can be pressed with the interposition of the stack to the counter surface on both sides of the support table facing the vertex of the counter surface in opposite directions while pressing the Sta Pels can be moved to the mating surface, resulting in a simple mechanical means a secure pressing of the stack to the counter surface while reliable fanning the stack.

at The invention is a parallel to the axis of the mating surface arranged Clamping element provided which perpendicular to the support surface by the Slit therethrough in the direction towards the counter surface is movable to the Clamp stack in a middle area between itself and the counterface. This clamping element can be arranged in particular from a perpendicular to the support surface and movable clamping plate be formed. In addition to fixing the aufzulockernden stack on the mating surface loosens such a clamping element to some extent already on the stack after it's stacked when pressed to the opposite surface first around raises a certain amount, whereby the stack is bent, which regularly already a certain loosening causes, especially if the stack then in the opposite direction is curved.

Farther is provided in the invention that an interior of the pressure rollers Can be acted upon by compressed air. In a preferred embodiment have the pressure rollers over their cylindrical circumference distributed air outlet openings on, so that in particular the fanned out end of the order the counter surface fed stack supplied blowing air can be, which penetrates between the individual leaves and the separation the leaves and thus further promotes the loosening of the stack significantly. Preferably will over the pressure rollers supplied only blown air, if this over the front sides led the pile become unnecessary Avoid draft and save energy.

Conveniently, the air supply can be structurally solved so that the pressure rollers a cylindrical core with at least one air supply line, a relative to Core rotatable shell in which the air outlet openings are formed, and have an interior formed between core and shell, wherein the compressed air to the interior via the at least one air supply line can be fed in at the core is.

Especially it is advantageous if according to a further feature of the invention sealed at the core sealing means are over the axial length the pressure roller extend, on the inside of the rotatable shell lie sealingly and between them one opposite the other interior completed Define compressed air chamber, with the supplied via the core compressed air this Compressed air chamber can be fed is; expediently In this case, the compressed air chamber defined by the sealing means extends over one radial area of the pressure roller of less than 90 °, in particular less than 45 °. In this way it can be avoided that blowing air is untargeted in all Directions are flowing, Rather, the blowing air can be targeted to the fanned out End sides of the stack are directed, which in turn on the one hand unnecessary Draft is avoided and energy is saved and on the other hand the Volume of blown air can be increased to the front sides of the stack can.

After this when pressing the pressure roller a certain deflection both the roll shell and the shaft, so the air supply can be done containing core, the sealing means should be formed so that they are the deflection of roll shell and Record or compensate wave.

to solution this task is in accordance with a particular preferred feature of the invention, that the sealing means have two extending in the axial direction sealing edges, over the they are sealingly against the inside of the rotatable shell, wherein according to a first alternative the sealing means of sealing strips made of elastic deformable material formed at an acute angle on the inside of the jacket lie and between them the compressed air chamber define. When supplying compressed air through the core into the compressed air chamber be the elastic strip-like seals with the existing pressure in the compressed air chamber at an acute angle pressed to the inner diameter of the roll shell, whereby on the one hand a balanced deflection of the roll shell including shaft and balanced On the other hand, wear of the stripe Gaskets can be compensated.

The Material of the sealing strip can in particular be made of spring steel strip, Brass sheet or polyamide are made, with the thickness of the elastic deformable material is preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm. Particularly preferred are sealing strips made of brass sheet with a Strength between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, in particular with a thickness of 0.3 mm.

According to one second alternative, it is provided that the sealing means of in radial direction resiliently mounted sealing strips are formed, which rest against the inside of the jacket and between them Define compressed air chamber; the resilient mounting ensures compensation here roll deformation and seal wear.

According to a third alternative, it is provided that the sealing means comprise two extending in the axial direction, between them defining the compressed air chamber strips whose the inside of the shell facing sides with an elastic de formable covering are provided, over which they rest against the inside of the jacket sealing. The elastically deformable lining may in this case be designed in particular like a brush, on the one hand ensuring adequate sealing of the compressed air chamber with respect to the interior and, on the other hand, reliably compensating deformations and wear.

In preferred development of the invention is provided that the the opposite of the support table counter surface is formed on a cylinder mounted on two bearing plates, wherein the bearing plates by trusses to a predetermined degree from each other are spaced apart and fastened to a frame of the device are that at each of the bearing plates at least one Anschraubelement is trained over that the bearing plate is frontally screwed to the frame, and that the at least one Anschraubelement at least one of the two Bearing plates is formed as a separate part and on the bearing plate is fastened.

It So is on one of the two bearing plates of the flange separated from the bearing plate and the or the Anschraubelemente attached to the frame; with a cross connection through this Anschraubelement this bearing plate is attached to the frame. At the other bearing plate the attachment elements are in one piece formed on this and this bearing plate is directly frontal attached to the frame and determines the direction and distance of the former Bearing plate. In this way it is possible to put the cylinder on the frame without fitting work being required, wherein Nevertheless, a distortion of the cylinder is excluded. The proposed Arrangement is therefore particularly easy to install and there are no adjustment discs required.

If an alignment of the built-in cylinder is desired or required, so is expediently the at least one Anschraubelement both bearing plates respectively formed as a separate part and fastened to the bearing plate.

The proposed according to the invention Cylinder bearing is also related to other devices, in which a cylinder or a roller mounted on two bearing plates and to be attached to a frame o. The like. To apply with advantage. The The invention therefore also relates generally to a cylinder or Roller arrangement with the features of one or more of claims 37 to 41, the cylinders being e.g. also numbering cylinder or impression cylinder could be and the frame e.g. can be a printing unit frame.

The inventive method is in a particularly preferred embodiment by the following steps marked: the stack is the support table in the closed Fed position, the support table is opened to form a gap, the Clamping element is lifted through the gap and clamped the stack between itself and the mating surface, which is below the support table located pressure rollers are on both sides of the clamping element by lifted through the gap and applied to the stack with pressure, the pressure rollers roll in opposite directions on both sides at the bottom of the stack and then at the two fanned out opposite Front ends of the stack while the pressure rollers over the end faces of the stack roll, this blown air is supplied to the between the leaves is passed, the clamping element is lowered and the support table closed, the stack is removed from the support table, the support table will be opened again and the pressure rollers through the gap below the support table procedure, and the support table is closed.

by virtue of This combination of features results in a particularly good loosening the stack: due to the preferably central lifting of the stack by means of the clamping element and the hanging down of the two stack ends due to gravity, a first bend is made to the stacks, which is already done leads to a first loosening. Due to the two-sided pressure of the stack to the counter surface means the pressure rollers is a curvature of the stack in the opposite direction and the leaves of the stack are due to their different radius of curvature slight shifted against each other and so solved each other. After the pressure rollers at the fanned out Unwind end faces of the stack while blowing air between the leaves a separation of the individual sheets is additionally supported. The Blade halves released by the pressure rollers fall due to gravity and additionally supports down from the blown air, with the leaf stack in turn a opposite curvature after it is still clamped in the middle area on the opposite surface is. After all the stack will take its level again when lowering the clamping element Position, with a last against each other moving the leaves is done.

embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawings and are in Following closer described.

It show in a schematic or semi-schematic representation:

1 a side view of a loosening device according to the invention,

2 a further side view of the device according to 1 .

3 a plan view of the support table of the device according to 2 in the direction of A-A,

4 a section through a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

5 a partially sectioned side view through a part of the device according to 1 wherein one of the pressure rollers is shown in two different operating positions,

6 a section through an alternative embodiment of a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

7 a section through a further alternative embodiment of a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

8th a section through a further alternative embodiment of a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

9 a section through a further alternative embodiment of a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

10 a section through a further alternative embodiment of a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

11 a section through a further alternative embodiment of a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

12 a section through a further alternative embodiment of a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

13 a section through a further alternative embodiment of a pressure roller of the device according to 1 .

14 a plan view of the storage of the counter surface defining cylinder of the device according to 1 from underneath,

15 a side view of a bearing plate of the cylinder bearing after 14 .

16 a side view of the other bearing plate of the cylinder bearing after 14 , and

17 a plan view of a further embodiment of the invention.

It will be initially on the 1 to 3 Referenced. The loosening device comprises a support table 100 with a horizontal support surface 102 for a pile 104 from sheet-like material, in particular a paper stack 104 , with one in the illustration according to 3 from right to left extending longitudinal direction. The support table 100 is centrally transversely to its longitudinal direction in two halves of the table 106 and 108 divided. Every half 106 ; 108 is on a longitudinal guide 110 ; 112 per se known type slidably mounted in a horizontal plane in the longitudinal direction and by means not shown drives between a first position in which the two table halves 106 ; 108 to form a continuous support and transport surface to each other, and a second position in which the table halves 106 ; 108 forming a gap 114 moved apart, movable. With the reference numbers 116 ; 118 and 120 are on the support table 100 arranged guide plates or stops.

In the middle above the support table 100 is relative to the support table 100 fixed to a not shown here frame of the device a cylinder 122 arranged, the cylinder axis in a plane to the support surface 102 parallel plane and perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. The cylindrical outer wall of the cylinder 122 defines a counterface 124 , which will be discussed in more detail below.

A clamping element, in particular a clamping plate 126 is in a vertical plane, which is also the axis of the cylinder 122 comprises, arranged by means not shown, known per se drive mechanisms between an upper and a lower end position movable. In its lower end position is the clamping plate 126 completely below the support table 100 , From this position it is up through the open gap 114 through towards the cylinder 122 movable, the clamping plate 126 the on the support surface 102 located paper stack 104 centrally lifts and by means of their upper horizontal end edge 128 against the cylinder 122 formed counter surface 124 pushes, causing the paper stack 104 between the clamping plate 126 and the counter surface 124 clamped or fixed.

Two pressure elements, in particular two pressure rollers 130 are parallel to the axis of the cylinder 122 movably disposed between a lower and an upper end position. In its lower end position are the pressure rollers 130 completely below the support table 100 , each with a pressure roller 130 on each side of the clamping plate 126 is arranged. From this lower position The pressure rollers are on out 130 first vertically up through the open gap 114 through towards the cylinder 122 movable, cf. 1 until at the bottom of it by means of the clamping plate 126 on the cylinder 122 fixed paper stack 104 issue. Then the pressure rollers 130 on both sides of the clamping plate 126 moved in opposite directions upwards, taking pre-pressure at the bottom of the stack 104 abut, roll freely on this and this increasingly against the cylindrical counter surface 124 press until they reach the end edges of the bottom of the stack; this position is in 2 and in 5 , lower position, shown. Subsequently, the pressure rollers 130 still under form over the two fanned out side edges of the paper stack 104 releasing the already swept leaves to their upper end position, in which they finally the top sheet of the paper stack 104 release, cf. 5 , upper position. The position of the topmost position depends on the paper size you are using, and increasingly decreases for smaller paper sizes.

Once the paper stack 104 from the support table 100 is removed, are the pressure rollers 130 through the opened gap 114 through back to their lower starting position.

The pressure rollers 130 have means to the fanned end edges of the stack 104 Supply blowing air. In this context, first on 4 Referenced. It is sufficient here, only one of the two pressure rollers 130 to describe the other pressure roller 130 is trained accordingly.

The one in a bearing and guide block 132 preferably spring-mounted pressure roller 130 has a cylindrical core 134 and a concentric relative to the core 134 rotatable cylindrical shell 136 on, being between core 134 and coat 136 a hermetically sealed interior in the axial direction 138 is formed. The coat 136 is on its outer periphery with an anti-friction layer 137 Mistake. At the core 134 is an axial bore 140 formed, the compressed air can be supplied. Furthermore, they are at the core 134 distributed over the length of several radial holes 142 formed, which the axial bore 140 with the interior 138 connect, with the radial holes 142 are directed parallel to each other. About the radial holes 142 becomes the interior 138 Compressed air from the axial bore 140 fed. Both holes 140 ; 142 are as air supply lines 140 ; 142 executed.

In the coat 136 are distributed over the length and circumference of a plurality of radially aligned air outlet openings 144 formed over the compressed air to the outside as blowing air for better separation of the leaves of the paper stack 104 can escape. In the axial direction of the pressure roller 130 seen are the air outlet openings 144 each aligned in the same radial direction.

To that of the pressure roller 130 To be able to make optimal use of delivered blast air, it is provided that the pressure roller 130 the blast air only in a certain direction, namely towards the paper stack 104 or the fanned end of the paper stack 104 directed. For this purpose is within the between core 134 and coat 136 defined interior 138 a compressed air chamber 146 formed, the compressed air is supplied and the opposite to the rest of the interior 138 is sealed. This compressed air chamber 146 extends over the axial length of the pressure roller 130 and becomes laterally of two axially extending elastically deformable sealing strips 148 ; 150 limited by a plurality of screws 152 ; 154 at the core 134 formed, extending in the axial direction flattening 156 ; 158 are fixed. The two sealing strips 148 ; 150 are aligned towards each other inclined and lie with their free sealing edges 160 ; 162 sealing on the inside of the jacket 136 at.

The radial bores 142 are centered in the compressed air chamber 146 guided, ie the two sealing strips 148 ; 150 are with respect to that of the radial bores 142 defined level arranged mirror-symmetrically. The of the sealing strips 148 ; 150 defined compressed air chamber 146 extends over a radial region of the pressure roller 130 of 37 °, cf. also 5 , The width of the compressed air chamber 146 is slightly larger than the radial distance between two adjacent air outlet openings 144 , so that upon rotation of the mantle 136 opposite the core 134 always an axially extending row of air outlet openings 144 in the area of the compressed air chamber 146 lies.

The material of the sealing strips 148 ; 150 may in particular be made of spring steel strip, brass sheet or polyamide and a thickness z. B. from 0.1 to 1 mm. Particularly suitable are sealing strips 148 ; 150 made of brass sheet with a thickness of z. B. 0.3 mm.

In operation, the bearing and guide block 132 the pressure roller 130 so around the cylinder 122 or the paper stack pressed thereon 104 led around that core 134 and thus also the compressed air chamber 146 always in the same position to the axis of the cylinder 122 directed towards, cf. 5 , the two positions of the pressure roller 130 shows, namely the lower position at which they fanned the front side of the stack 104 achieved, and the upper position in which they are the end of the fanned end of the stack 104 reached. It can be seen that the compressed air chamber 146 slightly oriented backwards, causing the stack 104 is loosened particularly well after the blast air the individual leaves away from the remaining pile 104 urges.

The control of the compressed air supply is such that only blown air is generated when the pressure roller 130 in the area of the fanned edge of the paper stack 104 located between the in 5 represented two positions.

In the 6 to 14 are alternative embodiments of the compressed air chamber 146 the pressure roller 130 defining sealant 148 . 150 ; 164 ; 172 . 174 . 180 ; 182 . 184 ; 186 . 188 ; 194 . 196 shown. Incidentally, the structure and function of the pressure rollers corresponds 130 the embodiment described above, so that it can be referred to.

According to the embodiment 6 are the sealants of a one-piece spring steel strip 164 or brass sheet 164 formed around the core 134 is laid around and its two end sections 166 ; 168 define the sealing strips. Flattening at the core 134 are superfluous here and therefore not intended. The fixing screws 152 ; 154 are diametrically opposed and arranged in a plane perpendicular to the median plane of the compressed air chamber.

The embodiment according to 7 corresponds to that according to 6 but only a single set of fixing screws 170 is provided, which in the plane perpendicular to the median plane of the compressed air chamber 146 on the compressed air chamber 146 opposite side of the core 134 is arranged.

The embodiment according to 8th corresponds essentially to that according to 4 , where at the core 134 However, no flattenings are formed.

The embodiment according to 9 corresponds essentially to that according to 8th ,

According to the embodiment 10 are the sealants of two axially extending brass strips 172 ; 174 formed by means of screws 176 ; 178 at the core 134 are attached, taking the coat 136 facing tops of the brass strips 172 ; 174 according to the coat 136 are arched and on these tops tape 180 is glued, the top of which has a brush-like structure, which on the inside of the jacket 136 sealingly rests.

The embodiment according to 11 corresponds approximately to that according to 10 , but instead of the adhesive tape 180 with brush-like structure on each brass strip 172 ; 174 laterally a radially extending plastic strip 182 ; 184 fixed with a thickness of 2 mm between the core 134 and coat 136 is clamped and on the inner wall of the jacket 136 is applied.

According to the embodiment 12 is also an adhesive tape 186 provided with a surface having a brush-like structure. In contrast to the embodiment according to 10 is here instead of the two brass strips 172 ; 174 a pipe sub-element 188 by means of screws 190 at the core 134 fixed and the tape 186 is around the core 134 around and over the tube sub-element 188 guided and to the compressed air chamber 146 facing end faces of the pipe part element 188 additionally by means of screws 192 fixed.

According to the embodiment 13 are similar to the embodiment according to the here, however, are resiliently mounted in the radial direction, to which they by means of springs 202 ; 204 prestressed bearing elements 198 ; 200 held in corresponding recesses in the core 134 are housed.

It will now be on the 14 to 16 Referenced. It should be noted that the arrangement shown in these figures in the example in the 1 to 3 shown device is installed in the rotated state by 180 °.

The cylinder 122 is about his wave 206 on two opposite bearing plates 208 ; 210 stored by trusses 212 ; 214 ; 216 ; 218 are spaced from each other to a predetermined degree and to frame parts 220 ; 222 a frame of the loosening device are releasably secured. How out 15 it can be seen are at the bottom of the bearing plate 208 two tab-shaped attachment elements 224 ; 226 provided in the plane of the bearing plate 208 extend downwards and over parallel to the plane of the bearing plate 208 extending bolts 228 ; 230 at the bottom of the bearing plate 208 can be screwed. Furthermore, the Anschraubelemente 228 ; 230 perpendicular to the plane of the bearing plate 208 trained holes on which to fasten the Anschraubelemente 228 ; 230 on the frame part by means of screws 232 serve.

How out 16 it can be seen are at the bottom of the bearing plate 210 also two tab-shaped attachment elements 234 ; 236 provided in the plane of the bearing plate 210 extend downwards, unlike those of the other bearing plate 208 with the bearing plate 210 but are integrally formed. About perpendicular to bearing plate 210 trained holes are integral with the bearing plate 210 trained screwing 234 ; 236 on the corresponding frame part 222 by means of other screws 232 flanged.

The operation of the above-described embodiment of the invention will be described below with particular reference to FIGS 1 to 3 described.

In the starting position is the support table 100 in its closed position and the clamping plate 126 and the two pressure rollers 130 are below the support table 100 arranged. A paper stack 104 becomes the bearing surface 102 of the support table 100 fed and centrally below the cylinder 122 positioned. Then the two halves of the table 106 ; 108 moved apart, so that the gap 114 opens. Through this gap 114 through is the clamping plate 126 moved up and lifting the middle portion of the stack 104 moved up to the stack 104 in its middle area between clamp 126 and cylinders 122 is trapped.

The two pressure rollers 130 be on both sides of the clamping plate 126 through the gap 114 Move it upwards until it reaches the bottom of the stack 104 under pressure. Then the pressure rollers 130 on both sides in opposite directions along the bottom of the stack 104 initially concentric with the axis of the cylinder 122 guided in an arcuate upward, wherein the jacket of the respective pressure roller 130 at the bottom of the stack 104 unrolls under pressure. This will make the stack 104 increasingly to the cylinder 122 created.

As soon as the pressure rollers 130 the front edges of the sheet stack 104 reach, is the pressure rollers 130 Compressed air supplied and the pressure rollers 130 be over the two end faces of the stack 104 unrolled and moved to its upper end position. After this, the compressed air supply is stopped. The two sides of the pile 104 have now fallen down. Now also the clamping plates 126 back into position below the support table 100 method and the support table 100 closed; the paper stack 104 is now completely back on the support surface 102 the support table 100 , in a relaxed state.

After removing the loose pile 104 from the support table 100 this is opened again, the two pressure rollers 130 be below the support table 100 method and the support table 100 is closed again for a new work cycle.

It is now based on the embodiment according to 17 Referenced. The support table 100 here comprises two outer, mutually fixed, mutually spaced table halves 238 ; 240 as well as two table flaps 242 ; 244 which are movable so that they are in a first position below the table halves 238 ; 240 located and between the two halves of the table 238 ; 240 free space in a second, closed position between the two halves of the table 238 ; 240 and with its surface in one plane with the surface of the table halves 238 ; 240 so that a substantially continuous support surface 102 for a paper stack (not shown here) 104 is formed.

At the mutually facing longitudinal sides of the table flaps 242 ; 244 each is a recess 246 ; 248 formed, wherein the recesses 246 ; 248 are formed so that when in its closed position table flaps 242 ; 244 the opposite recesses 246 ; 248 a rectangular recess 250 in the support table 100 form whose dimensions the cross-sectional dimensions of the clamping plate 126 (taking into account the required game).

The support table 100 becomes after the loosening process described above before falling back the sheets of paper on the support table 100 in his in 17 shown closed position spent, due to the recess 250 for the clamping plate 126 is possible. That way you can stack paper 104 be processed with paper sizes up to a minimum size of 450 × 475 mm or even smaller.

According to a further, not shown embodiment of the invention, which is particularly directed to an example as described above embodiment with a recess 250 in the support table 100 for the clamping plate 126 is the clamping plate 126 constructed in two parts with a lower base part and a base part movably mounted upper pressure bar. Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous when the support table 100 at the same time formed as a vibrating table, in order subsequently to the loosening process, the individual sheets of the paper stack 104 to align by means of a shaking process.

During the shaking process there is a risk that due to the in the support table 100 located recess of the bottom sheet of the stack 104 is marked, gets stuck or sags. This can be avoided by having the recess 250 for the clamping plate 126 is closed during the Rüttelvorgangs. For this purpose, the above, relative to the base part is used bare pressure bar, in the recess 250 this is closing movable and due to their movable mounting on the base part is able to join the shaking movement.

In particular, the two-piece clamping plate 126 be formed so that the base part on its side facing the pressure bar upper side has a groove-shaped, prism-like outer profile, which corresponds to the inner profile of the opposite pressure bar. Both parts of the two-piece clamping plate 126 are connected by bolts and springs. If a shaking process is carried out after the loosening process, the pressure bar will be moved by pneumatic cylinders with the two table flaps 242 ; 244 positively connected and the base part releases the pressure bar by resetting from the prism-shaped groove. During the Rüttelvorgangs makes the now the recess 250 Closing contact strip with the Rüttelhub, while the base is so far motionless.

According to a further, not shown embodiment of the invention, the clamping plate 126 on her front edge 128 , So in the region of the contact surface, provided with an elastically deformable material, especially if it is in the processed stack 104 around a pile 104 made of printed paper.

Due to different application of printing ink on the sheet results in a non-uniform, wavy, provided with elevations and depressions surface of the paper stack 104 , This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in steel intaglio printing. When pressing the paper stack 104 through the clamping plate 126 to the opposite surface 124 of the cylinder 122 It essentially only affects the elevations of the surface of the paper stack 104 Pressure exerted, which in these areas results in an increased surface pressure and has the consequence that marks and damage occur at least on the lowest lying sheet.

To avoid this, has the rest of steel existing clamping plate 126 in the region of its contact surface, a coating of elastically deformable material, in particular of elastomeric thermoplastic material with a layer thickness of about 3 - 8 mm, preferably about 5 mm. The hardness of the coating material is expediently between 50 ° to 80 ° Shore A, preferably about 70 ° Shore A. The compound of the coating material with the otherwise made of steel clamping plate 126 can be done by gluing, vulcanization or screwing, but it can also be done on the upper edge of the clamping plate 126 trained guides used or be clamped by means of claws.

The clamping plate provided in this way in the contact area with a coating of elastically deformable material 126 lies on the paper stack 104 over the entire length of the sheet and produces over the entire length of a substantially uniform pressure on the paper stack 104 After, due to the elasticity of the coating material not only on the elevations of the paper stack 104 but also in the depressions pressure is exerted. In addition, a slipping of the outer sheet during pivoting of the pressure rollers 130 avoided, after now the friction between the sheet and the coating material of the clamping plate 126 is significantly higher than between the individual sheets.

100

support table

102

bearing surface

104

Stack, Paper stack, stack of sheets

106

Half, half table

108

Half, half table

110

longitudinal guide

112

longitudinal guide

114

gap

116

Attack, guide plate

118

Attack, guide plate

120

Attack, guide plate

122

cylinder

124

counter surface

126

pressure elements, Clamping element, clamping plate

128

front edge

130

pressure element, pressure rollers

132

Camp- and leadership block

134

core

136

coat

137

anti-friction

138

inner space

140

axial Bore, air supply line

142

radial Bores, air supply line

144

Air outlet openings

146

Compressed air chamber

148

sealing, sealing strips

150

sealing, sealing strips

152

screws mounting screws

154

screws mounting screws

156

flattening

158

flattening

160

sealing, sealing edge

162

sealing, sealing edge

164

sealing, Spring band steel, brass sheet

166

sealing, Sealing strip, end section

168

sealing, Sealing strip, end section

170

mounting screws

172

sealing, Strip, brass strip

174

sealing, Strip, brass strip

176

screw

178

screw

180

sealing, Covering, adhesive tape

182

sealing, Plastic strip

184

sealing, Plastic strip

186

sealing, Covering, adhesive tape

188

sealing, Strip, pipe sub-element, pipe element

190

screw

192

screw

194

sealing, Sealing strip, plastic strip

196

sealing, Sealing strip, plastic strip

198

bearing element

200

bearing element

202

feathers

204

feathers

206

wave

208

bearing plate

210

bearing plate

212

traverse

214

traverse

216

traverse

218

traverse

220

frame part

222

frame part

224

Anschraubelement

226

Anschraubelement

228

bolts

230

bolts

232

screw

234

Anschraubelement

236

Anschraubelement

238

half of the table

240

half of the table

242

table flap

244

table flap

246

recess

248

recess

250

recess

Claims (43)

Device for loosening a stack ( 104 ) of sheet material, in particular a paper stack ( 104 ), with a support table ( 100 ) with a bearing surface ( 102 ) for the stack ( 104 ) and means for separating adjacent sheets of the stack ( 104 ), whereby the paper stack ( 104 ) around one of the support table ( 100 ) spaced mating surface ( 124 ), wherein at least two movable pressure elements ( 126 ; 130 ) on the underside of the support table ( 100 ) are arranged displaceably, wherein the movable pressure elements ( 126 ; 130 ) Pressure rollers ( 130 ), characterized in that an interior ( 138 ) of the pressure rollers ( 130 ) can be acted upon by compressed air and the pressure rollers ( 130 ) distributed over its length and its cylindrical circumference air outlet openings ( 144 ) exhibit. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mating surface ( 124 ) a convex curvature in a plane perpendicular to the support surface ( 102 ) having. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mating surface ( 124 ) an axis of symmetry parallel to the support surface ( 102 ) runs. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the axis of the counter surface ( 124 ) parallel to one of the edges of the on the support table ( 100 ) ( 104 ) runs. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the mating surface ( 124 ) is cylindrical or partially cylindrical. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the mating surface ( 124 ) as the outside of a cylinder ( 122 ) is trained. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the paper stack ( 104 ) between the bearing surface ( 102 ) and the counterface ( 124 ) is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the paper stack ( 104 ) towards the counterface ( 124 ) is movable. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support table ( 100 ) forming at least one gap ( 114 ) in two halves ( 106 ; 108 ) is divisible. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the pitch of the support table ( 100 ) in two halves ( 106 ; 108 ) takes place centrally transversely to its longitudinal direction. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the two halves ( 106 ; 108 ) of the support table ( 100 ) are displaceable. Device according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the two halves ( 106 ; 108 ) of the support table ( 100 ) are displaceable in a horizontal plane in the longitudinal direction on a longitudinal guide. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the displacement of the halves ( 106 ; 108 ) of the support table ( 100 ) by means of at least one drive. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized ge indicates that the pressure elements ( 126 ; 130 ) through at least one gap ( 114 ) of the support table ( 100 ) are feasible. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 14, characterized in that the movable pressure elements ( 126 ; 130 ) at least one clamping element ( 126 ). Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that a longitudinal axis of the clamping element formed as a clamping element ( 126 ) parallel to the axis of the mating surface ( 124 ) having cylinder ( 122 ) is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the clamping element ( 126 ) perpendicular to the support surface ( 102 ) through the gap ( 114 ) through in the direction of the counter surface ( 124 ) to move the stack ( 104 ) in a central region between itself and the counter surface ( 124 ) to clamp. Device according to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that the clamping element ( 126 ) from a perpendicular to the support surface ( 102 ) and movable clamping plate ( 126 ) is formed. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure rollers ( 130 ) on the clamping plate ( 126 ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the axes of the pressure rollers ( 130 ) to the symmetry axis of the counter surface ( 124 ) are parallel. Apparatus according to claim 1, 19 or 20, characterized in that the pressure rollers ( 130 ) at the bottom of the stack ( 104 ) are freely unrollable. Apparatus according to claim 1, 19, 20 or 21, characterized in that two pressure rollers ( 130 ) are provided, with the interposition of the stack ( 104 ) to the counterface ( 124 ) and on both sides of the support table ( 100 ) facing apex of the mating surface ( 124 ) in opposite directions while pressing the stack ( 104 ) to the counterface ( 124 ) are movable. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure rollers ( 130 ) a cylindrical core ( 134 ) with at least one air supply line ( 140 ; 142 ), one relative to the core ( 134 ) rotatable coat ( 136 ), in which the air outlet openings ( 144 ), and one between core ( 134 ) and coat ( 136 ) trained interior ( 138 ), wherein the compressed air the interior ( 138 ) via the at least one air supply line ( 140 ) in the core ( 134 ) can be fed. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that at the core ( 134 ) Sealant ( 148 . 150 ; 160 ; 162 ; 164 ; 166 ; 168 ; 172 . 174 . 180 ; 182 . 184 ; 186 . 188 ; 194 . 196 ) are sealingly fixed, extending over the axial length of the pressure roller ( 130 ), on the inside of the rotatable jacket ( 136 ) sealingly and between them one opposite the other interior ( 138 ) Completed compressed air chamber ( 146 ), whereby those about the core ( 134 ) supplied compressed air this compressed air chamber ( 146 ) can be fed. Device according to claim 24, characterized in that that of the sealing means ( 148 . 150 ; 160 ; 162 ; 164 ; 166 ; 168 ; 172 . 174 . 180 ; 182 . 184 ; 186 . 188 ; 194 . 196 ) defined compressed air chamber ( 146 ) over a radial region of the pressure roller ( 130 ) of less than 90 °, in particular less than 45 °. Device according to claim 24, characterized in that that of the sealing means ( 148 . 150 ; 160 ; 162 ; 164 ; 166 ; 168 ; 172 . 174 . 180 ; 182 . 184 ; 186 . 188 ; 194 . 196 ) defined compressed air chamber ( 146 ) over a radial region of the pressure roller ( 130 ) of 37 °. Device according to claim 24, 25 or 26, characterized in that the sealing means ( 148 ; 150 ) two axially extending sealing edges ( 160 ; 162 ), on which they on the inside of the rotatable jacket ( 136 ) lie sealingly. Device according to claim 24, 25 or 26, characterized in that the sealing means ( 148 ; 150 ) of sealing strips ( 166 . 168 ) are formed of elastically deformable material. Device according to claim 24, 25, 26, 28, characterized in that the sealing strips ( 148 . 150 ; 166 . 168 ) at an acute angle on the inside of the jacket ( 136 ) and between them the compressed air chamber ( 146 ) define. Device according to claim 28, characterized in that the material of the sealing strips ( 148 ; 150 ; 164 ) consists of spring steel strip, brass sheet or polyamide. Device according to claim 28, 29 or 30, characterized in that the sealing strips ( 148 ; 150 ; 164 ) have a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm. Device according to claims 28, 29 or 30, characterized in that the sealing strips ( 148 ; 150 ; 164 ) made of brass sheet with a thickness between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, preferably with a thickness of 0.3 mm. Apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the sealing means ( 194 ; 196 ) of resiliently mounted in the radial direction sealing strips ( 194 ; 196 ) formed on the inside of the shell ( 136 ) and between them the compressed air chamber ( 146 ) define. Apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the sealing means two extending in the axial direction, between them the compressed air chamber ( 146 ) defining bars ( 172 . 174 ; 188 ), whose inner side of the jacket ( 136 ) facing sides with an elastically deformable lining ( 180 ; 186 ), over which they are on the inside of the shell ( 136 ) lie sealingly. Device according to claim 34, characterized in that the strips ( 188 ) are formed partially tubular. Device according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that the deformable lining ( 180 ; 186 ) is formed brush-like. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mating surface ( 124 ) on one of two bearing plates ( 208 ; 210 ) mounted cylinder ( 122 ) is formed, wherein the bearing plates ( 208 ; 210 ) by traverses ( 212 ; 214 ; 216 ; 218 ) are spaced apart from each other to a predetermined extent and on a frame ( 220 ; 222 ) of the device are fastened. Device according to claim 37, characterized in that on each of the bearing plates ( 208 ; 210 ) at least one Anschraubelement ( 224 . 226 ; 234 . 236 ) is formed, via which the bearing plate ( 208 ; 210 ) on the front side of the frame ( 220 ; 222 ) and that the at least one Anschraubelement ( 224 ; 226 ) at least one of the two bearing plates ( 208 ) is formed as a separate part and on the bearing plate ( 208 ) is attachable. Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that the at least one Anschraubelement ( 224 . 226 ; 234 . 236 ) of both bearing plates ( 208 ; 210 ) each formed as a separate part and on the respective bearing plate ( 208 ; 210 ) is attachable. Apparatus according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that the screw-on elements ( 224 . 226 ; 234 . 236 ) than in a plane with the respective bearing plate ( 208 ; 210 ) lying tabs are formed. Apparatus according to claim 40, characterized in that the tabs at least one, preferably a plurality, transversely to the tab plane extending through holes for receiving the frontal attachment to the frame ( 220 ; 222 ) screws ( 232 ) and at least one perpendicular thereto in the direction of the bearing plate ( 208 ; 210 ) extending through hole for receiving at least one of the attachment of the tab to the bearing plate ( 208 ; 210 ) serving screw ( 228 ; 230 ) exhibit. Method for breaking up a stack ( 104 ) of sheet material, in particular a paper stack, - the stack ( 104 ) against a counter surface ( 124 ) is pressed with preferably convex curvature, - being of the counter surface ( 124 ) facing away from the stack ( 104 ) ago two pressure rollers ( 130 ) approximately in the middle of the stack ( 104 ) and on this in opposite directions with increasing pressing of the stack ( 104 ) to the counterface ( 124 ) on both sides, - whereby the stack ( 104 ) initially raised substantially centrally from below and against the counter surface ( 124 ) is clamped, - wherein the pressure rollers ( 130 ) also on the opposite end faces of the stack ( 104 ), - whereby the end faces of the stack placed around the mating surface ( 106 ) Blowing air is supplied, - wherein the blowing air via the pressure rollers ( 130 ), wherein - via the pressure rollers ( 130 ) is supplied to blowing air only when this over the front sides of the stack ( 104 ). Method according to claim 42, wherein a substantially centrally divisible support table ( 100 ) for the stack ( 104 ), whose two halves ( 106 . 108 ) in the plane of the support surface ( 102 ) of the support table ( 100 ) forming a gap ( 114 ) are laterally displaceable, characterized by the following steps: - the stack ( 104 ) is the support table ( 100 ) fed in its closed position, - the support table ( 100 ) is formed to form a gap ( 114 ), - a clamping element ( 126 ) is passed through the gap ( 114 ) and clamps the stack ( 104 ) between itself and the counterface ( 124 ), - below the support table ( 100 ) located pressure rollers ( 130 ) are on both sides of the clamping element ( 126 ) through the gap ( 114 ) and with pressure to the stack ( 104 ), - the pressure rollers ( 130 ) roll in opposite directions on both sides of the bottom of the stack ( 104 ) and then on the two fanned opposite end faces of the stack, While the pressure rollers ( 130 ) over the faces of the stack ( 104 ), is supplied to this blast air, which is passed between the leaves, - the clamping element ( 126 ) is lowered and the support table ( 100 ) closed, - the stack ( 104 ) is the support table ( 100 ), - the support table ( 100 ) is opened again and the pressure rollers ( 130 ) are passed through the gap ( 114 ) through underneath the support table ( 100 ), - the support table ( 100 ) will be closed.