DE102005005187A1 - Condenser for an air conditioning system, in particular a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Condenser for an air conditioning system, in particular a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102005005187A1 DE102005005187A1 DE102005005187A DE102005005187A DE102005005187A1 DE 102005005187 A1 DE102005005187 A1 DE 102005005187A1 DE 102005005187 A DE102005005187 A DE 102005005187A DE 102005005187 A DE102005005187 A DE 102005005187A DE 102005005187 A1 DE102005005187 A1 DE 102005005187A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- dryer
- collector
- riser
- refrigerant
- plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05375—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with particular pattern of flow, e.g. change of flow direction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/04—Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/044—Condensers with an integrated receiver
- F25B2339/0441—Condensers with an integrated receiver containing a drier or a filter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/02—Subcoolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
- F28D2021/007—Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0084—Condensers
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kondensator (1) für eine Klimaanlage, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeuges, mit einem Rohrrippenblock (2) und seitlich angeordneten Sammelrohren (3, 4), wobei der Rohrrippenblock (2) waagerecht verlaufende Rohre, einen Kondensierabschnitt (P1 bis P5) und einen oberhalb des Kondensierabschnittes angeordneten Unterkühlabschnitt (P6) aufweist, sowie mit einem parallel zu einem der Sammelrohre angeordneten, einen Trockner-Filter-Einsatz (10) und ein Steigrohr (15) aufnehmenden Sammler (5), welcher über eine erste Übertrittsöffnung (8) mit dem Kondensierabschnitt (P5) und über eine zweite Übertrittsöffnung (9) mit dem Unterkühlabschnitt (P6) in Kältemittelverbindung steht. DOLLAR A Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass im Bereich der ersten Übertrittsöffnung (8) im Sammler (5) eine Einströmkammer (13) angeordnet ist, welche nach oben durch einen Stopfen (11) und nach unten durch den Trockner-Filter-Einsatz (10) begrenzt ist.The invention relates to a condenser (1) for an air conditioning system, in particular of a motor vehicle, with a tube fin block (2) and laterally arranged collecting tubes (3, 4), wherein the tube fin block (2) horizontally extending tubes, a Kondensierabschnitt (P1 to P5) and a subcooling section (P6) arranged above the condensing section and having a collector (5) which is arranged parallel to one of the collecting tubes, accommodates a dryer-filter insert (10) and a riser pipe (15) and which has a first transfer opening (8). with the Kondensierabschnitt (P5) and via a second transfer opening (9) with the sub-cooling section (P6) is in refrigerant communication. DOLLAR A It is proposed that in the region of the first transfer opening (8) in the collector (5) an inflow chamber (13) is arranged, which up through a plug (11) and down through the dryer-filter insert (10) is limited.
Description
Die
Erfindung betrifft einen Kondensator für eine Klimaanlage nach dem
Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 – bekannt durch die
Kondensatoren
für Klimaanlagen
von Kraftfahrzeugen werden in der Regel mehrflutig von oben nach
unten durchströmt,
wobei sich im unteren Bereich des Kondensators ein Unterkühlabschnitt
befindet, in welchem das Kältemittel
unter die Kondensationstemperatur abgekühlt wird. Derartige Querstromkondensatoren,
die auch einen integrierten Sammler mit Trockner aufweisen, wurden
durch die
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Kondensator der eingangs genannten Art insbesondere hinsichtlich seines Sammlers, der Kältemittelführung und der Entgasung des Kältemittels zu verbessern.It Object of the present invention, a capacitor of the above in particular with regard to its collector, the refrigerant guide and the degassing of the refrigerant to improve.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass sich im Bereich der Übertrittsöffnung des Kältemittels aus dem Kondensierabschnitt im Sammler eine Einströmkammer befindet, an welche nach oben ein Stopfen und nach unten der Trockner angrenzt. Das in die Einströmkammer eintretende Kältemittel verteilt sich somit gleichmäßig auf den gesamten Querschnitt des Sammlers und tritt dann in den Trockner ein, welchen das Kältemittel von oben nach unten zwangsläufig durchströmt. Dabei wird das Kältemittel getrocknet und gefiltert. Der Trockner befindet sich somit im mittleren bis oberen Bereich des Sammlers, d. h. unmittelbar unterhalb der Übertrittsöffnung aus dem Kondensierabschnitt. Damit kann eine wirksame Trocknung des Kältemittels erreicht werden.These The object is solved by the features of claim 1. According to the invention, it is provided that in the area of the crossing opening of the refrigerant from the condensing section in the collector an inflow chamber is located, to which a stopper and down the dryer adjacent. That in the inflow chamber incoming refrigerant thus spreads evenly the entire cross section of the collector and then enters the dryer one which the refrigerant from top to bottom inevitably flows through. At the same time, the refrigerant becomes dried and filtered. The dryer is thus in the middle to the top of the collector, d. H. immediately below the transfer opening the condensing section. Thus, an effective drying of the refrigerant be achieved.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist unterhalb des Trockner-Filter-Einsatzes ein Bevorratungsraum für das Kältemittel vorgesehen, welcher nicht nur der Speicherung von Kältemittel, sondern auch der Entgasung des Kältemittels dient. Infolge der verzögerten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Kältemittels können sich Gasblasen aus der Flüssigkeit lösen und nach oben steigen.In Another embodiment of the invention is below the dryer-filter insert a storage space for the refrigerant not only the storage of refrigerant, but also the degassing of the refrigerant serves. As a result of the delayed flow rate of the refrigerant can Gas bubbles are released from the liquid and go up.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ragt das den Trockner-Filter-Einsatz durchsetzende Steigrohr mit einem unteren Ende in den Bevorratungsraum und ist mit seinem oberen Ende mit einem Stopfen verbunden, welcher eine Umlenkung des Kältemittels in den Unterkühlabschnitt bewirkt. Der Stopfen ist in den Sammler eingesetzt und umfangseitig über einen O-Ring abgedichtet, und zwar zwischen den beiden Übertrittsöffnungen. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass aus dem Kondensierabschnitt in den Sammler eintretendes Kältemittel direkt in den Unterkühlabschnitt gelangt, d. h. ohne getrocknet, gefiltert und entgast zu werden.In further advantageous embodiment of the invention that projects the Dryer and filter cartridge penetrating riser with a lower end in the storage space and is connected at its upper end with a plug, which a deflection of the refrigerant in the subcooling section causes. The plug is inserted into the collector and peripherally over a O-ring sealed, between the two crossing openings. This prevents that from the Kondensierabschnitt in the Collector entering refrigerant directly into the subcooling section arrives, d. H. without being dried, filtered and degassed.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch durch die Merkmale des nebengeordneten Patentanspruches (Nebenanspruches) 4 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Fallrohr im Sammler vorgesehen, welches – mittelbar – über einen Stopfen mit der Übertrittsöffnung des Kondensierabschnittes verbunden ist und das Kältemittel bis zum Filter-Trockner leitet. Damit wird der Vorteil erreicht, dass eine Vermischung von gasförmiger und flüssiger Phase des Kältemittels eingeschränkt wird.The The object of the invention is also characterized by the features of the sibling Claim (Nebenanspruches) 4 solved. According to the invention is a Downpipe provided in the collector, which - indirectly - on a Plug with the crossing opening of the Condensing section is connected and the refrigerant to the filter dryer passes. Thus, the advantage is achieved that a mixture of gaseous and liquid Phase of the refrigerant limited becomes.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Fallrohr durch den Filter-Trockner hindurch bis in eine Kammer geführt, in welche das Kältemittel unter Verringerung seiner Strömungsgeschwindigkeit bei gleichzeitiger Entgasung eintritt. Der Filter-Trockner, d. h. das Molekularsieb wird hierbei nicht zwangsdurchströmt, sondern aufgrund von Dichteunterschieden des Kältemittels. Vorteilhaft hierbei ist, dass durch die Verlängerung des Fallrohres die Möglichkeit der Vermischung von gasförmigem und flüssigem Kältemittel weiter eingeschränkt bzw. unterbunden und damit eine bessere Entgasung des der Unterkühlstrecke zugeführten Kältemittels erzielt wird.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the downpipe is passed through the filter dryer through into a chamber into which the refrigerant enters while reducing its flow velocity with simultaneous degassing. The filter-dryer, ie the molecular sieve is not forced through this, but due to density differences of the refrigerant. Advantageous In this case, that the possibility of mixing gaseous and liquid refrigerant further restricted or prevented by the extension of the downpipe and thus a better degassing of the refrigerant supplied to the subcooling is achieved.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können der Stopfen, das das Steigrohr und/oder das Fallrohr einstückig ausgebildet sowie vorteilhafterweise auch mit dem Trockner-Filter-Einsatz zu einer Baueinheit verbunden sein, welche als vorgefertigtes Teil in den Sammler eingesetzt und zu Wartungszwecken auch getauscht werden kann. Dafür ist der Sammler mit einem lösbaren Verschluss versehen.In Another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the Plug, which integrally formed the riser and / or the downpipe and advantageously also with the dryer-filter insert too be connected to a structural unit, which as a prefabricated part used in the collector and exchanged for maintenance purposes can be. Therefore is the collector with a detachable Provided closure.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher beschreiben. Es zeigenembodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. Show it
Die
Funktion des zuvor beschriebenen Sammlers
Da
der Sammler
Der
Sammler
Die
Ausführung
des Sammlers
Die
Erfindung ist nicht auf Filter-Trockner beschränkt, die mit einem Granulat
aus hygroskopischem Material gefüllt
sind. Möglich
im Rahmen der Erfindung sind auch kompakte Trockner, die aus einer
festen Kunststoffmasse mit eingelagertem Molekularsieb bestehen – wie in
der
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005005187A DE102005005187A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2005-02-03 | Condenser for an air conditioning system, in particular a motor vehicle |
EP06000594.9A EP1703233B1 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2006-01-12 | Condenser for an air conditioning system, particularly for a motor vehicule |
EP11165641.9A EP2378225B1 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2006-01-12 | Condenser for an air conditioner, in particular for a motor vehicle |
JP2006022253A JP5033330B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2006-01-31 | Condenser for air conditioning equipment, especially for automobile air conditioning equipment |
US11/346,629 US20060185385A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2006-02-03 | Condenser for a motor vehicle air conditioning system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005005187A DE102005005187A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2005-02-03 | Condenser for an air conditioning system, in particular a motor vehicle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102005005187A1 true DE102005005187A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
Family
ID=36481494
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005005187A Withdrawn DE102005005187A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2005-02-03 | Condenser for an air conditioning system, in particular a motor vehicle |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060185385A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2378225B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5033330B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005005187A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007009923A1 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-08-28 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Condenser for air conditioning system, has accumulator in refrigerant-connection with undercooling section via overflow hole, and downpipe communicating with another overflow hole, at inlet side via inflow chamber arranged in accumulator |
EP2108905A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-14 | Behr France Hambach S.A.R.L. | Condenser, in particular for a motor vehicle |
DE102008056590A1 (en) | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-12 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Insert for a collector of a capacitor |
EP2244041A1 (en) | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-27 | Jahn GmbH | Dryer for a coolant in a coolant circuit, in particular for a vehicle air conditioning system and accompanying coolant condenser assembly |
DE102010001543A1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 70469 | Heat exchanger, particularly condenser for motor vehicle air conditioning system, comprises external collecting container, which serves as reservoir for fluid flowing through heat exchanger |
WO2012028398A1 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-08 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Coolant condenser assembly |
WO2012098264A3 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-10-18 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Refrigerant condenser assembly |
FR2994256A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-07 | Delphi Automotive Systems Lux | Heat exchanger for use in heat exchange front module for cooling refrigerant circuit of air conditioner in vehicle, has heat exchanging unit to cool refrigerant circulated in group of tubes and to heat air flow |
CN104596154A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-05-06 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner and parallel flow heat exchanger thereof |
CN110440473A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-12 | 江西应用技术职业学院 | A kind of liquid cooling cooling-water machine being equipped with adjustable subcooler group |
DE102008052457B4 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2021-10-21 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Integrated internal collector / dryer storage heat exchanger for a vehicle air conditioning system |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006056469A1 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-05-29 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Cold circuit storage unit including unit housing surrounding storage space useful in vehicle air conditioning units has improved arrangement of coolant connections |
GB2483494B (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2013-02-20 | Visteon Global Tech Inc | Receiver dryer |
JP5743948B2 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2015-07-01 | 株式会社東芝 | Heat exchanger |
US9612046B2 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2017-04-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | Sub-cooled condenser having a receiver tank with a refrigerant diverter for improved filling efficiency |
WO2016190025A1 (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-01 | 株式会社デンソー | Condenser |
JP6573484B2 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2019-09-11 | 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 | Heat exchanger |
US10563890B2 (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2020-02-18 | Denso International America, Inc. | Modulator for sub-cool condenser |
FR3078395B1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2020-01-24 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | SHUTTERING DEVICE FOR A BOTTLE OF A CAPACITOR |
EP3816541B1 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2023-01-04 | Valeo Autosystemy SP. Z.O.O. | A receiver drier |
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DE19848744A1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2000-04-27 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Soldered condenser for air conditioning system, especially for motor vehicle, has prefabricated, one-piece collector tube that is attached to collector by tack-welding seams |
DE19912381A1 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-09-21 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Condenser, esp. for vehicle air conditioning system, has meandering coolant flow path rising up to open into collector with stand pipe opening into chamber separated from collector interior |
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DE102004022714A1 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2005-12-15 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Condenser for an air conditioning system, in particular for a motor vehicle |
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-
2005
- 2005-02-03 DE DE102005005187A patent/DE102005005187A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-01-12 EP EP11165641.9A patent/EP2378225B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-01-12 EP EP06000594.9A patent/EP1703233B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-01-31 JP JP2006022253A patent/JP5033330B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-03 US US11/346,629 patent/US20060185385A1/en not_active Abandoned
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DE19848744A1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2000-04-27 | Behr Gmbh & Co | Soldered condenser for air conditioning system, especially for motor vehicle, has prefabricated, one-piece collector tube that is attached to collector by tack-welding seams |
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DE102010001543A1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 70469 | Heat exchanger, particularly condenser for motor vehicle air conditioning system, comprises external collecting container, which serves as reservoir for fluid flowing through heat exchanger |
WO2012028398A1 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-08 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Coolant condenser assembly |
US9546805B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2017-01-17 | Mahle International Gmbh | Coolant condenser assembly |
WO2012098264A3 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-10-18 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Refrigerant condenser assembly |
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CN104596154A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-05-06 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner and parallel flow heat exchanger thereof |
CN110440473A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-12 | 江西应用技术职业学院 | A kind of liquid cooling cooling-water machine being equipped with adjustable subcooler group |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060185385A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
EP1703233A2 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
EP1703233A3 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
JP2006214714A (en) | 2006-08-17 |
JP5033330B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
EP2378225A3 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
EP2378225B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
EP1703233B1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
EP2378225A2 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
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