DE102005001792A1 - Tooth implant, comprising wide upper surface at upper edge of lower implant component - Google Patents

Abstract

The implant (10) is assembled of the lower part (12) to be inserted into the jaw bone and an upper part (14) holding the crown. The lower part (12) is slightly conical, provided with a helical thread at its outer surface and with a guiding sleeve (34) with a textured outer surface integrated in its upper end. The stepped lower end of the upper component (14) is screwed into a dead end bore located at the lower part (12). The upper edge (20) of the guiding sleeve (34) is particularly wide (24, 26) forming a plane area (30).

Description

The The invention relates to an endosseous single-tooth implant for a fixed dentures, with a substantially cylindrical or slightly conical, into an existing one in a jawbone Recess or bore introduced into a jawbone insertable body, the having a blind bore open to its coronal end, a secured against rotation against the cranial end edge of the base body, essentially hollow-cylindrical implant structure, which has an apical Centering collar, which opens into a to the coronal end of the main body hollow cylindrical annular recess of Grundkör pers is used, an at least to its coronal end open hole for receiving a in the Blind bore of the main body directly or indirectly usable and the implant structure at least partially penetrating implant abutment screw and one on a substantially to the longitudinal central axis the annular recess radial shoulder support surface of the body can be placed, essentially to the longitudinal center axis of the Implant abutment screw has radial shoulder, wherein the Ring recess near the cranial end edge of the body as essentially hollow cylindrical guide sleeve for a substantially cylindrical guide collar is formed of the implant structure, the outer diameter substantially matches the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and in the area the guide sleeve and of the leadership of the basic body on the one hand and the implant structure on the other hand mutually complementary interlocking elements provided for the rotationally secured connection of the implant structure and the base body are, and a mounting head for the dentures.

Single-tooth implants of this kind, as for example from the DE 195 34 979 C1 are known, have proven themselves.

It However, it has been shown that the primarily in the healing phase resulting intimate connection of the jawbone with the outer surface of the the body in the region of the coronal end of the Kieferknochenausnehmung or drilling after exposure of the implant and the dimensionally stable Connection with an "implant assembly" vertical height loss (biological adaptation - accordingly the "biological Width ") subject by, namely The jawbone tends to be near the coronal end of the jawbone recess respectively bore a circular running "ring pocket" to form. hereby At the same time, it also leads to a deeper growth connective tissue and mucosa to the implant used.

Of the Invention is based on the object, the tissue integration (mucosal integration / connective tissue integration / bone integration) of the generic implant continue to improve.

According to the invention this Task solved by that the outer diameter of the leadership of the implant structure is smaller than the outer diameter of the main body in Area of its cranial end edge; that between a peripheral End edge of the body and an inner end edge thereof of a coronal substantially exposed front edge surface is formed; that the Shoulder support surface of the Basic body within the annular recess radially from the inner wall of the annular recess protruding inwards; and that the outer wall of the basic body at least in the area of the guide sleeve up roughened to the peripheral edge edge of the body and / or is micro- and / or nanostructured.

there can be provided that the End edge surface of the basic body roughened and / or micro- and / or nanostructured.

Also can be provided that the entire outer surface of the the body roughened and / or micro- and / or nanostructured.

It can also be provided that the outer peripheral surface of the Implant structure at least in her after insertion into the body to the front edge surface of the basic body following cranial Roughened area and / or micro- and / or nanostructured.

there sees an embodiment the invention that the outer peripheral surface of Roughened implant structure at least in one area and / or microstructure and / or nanostructured after insertion of the implant abutment into the main body cranial about 1-2 mm from the front edge surface of the main body extends.

Also can be provided according to the invention that the outer peripheral surface of the Implant build-up throughout after insertion of the implant abutment into the main body crarnial from the front edge surface extends to a shoulder of the implant abutment, on the one Crown of dentures is seated.

Furthermore, the invention optionally proposes that the shoulder support surface of the body axially closer to the end edge of the body than the interlocking elements ("anti-rotation").

The Invention may also provide that the shoulder support surface of the the body from the front edge of the main body axially further away than the interlocking elements.

According to the invention can continue be provided that the End edge surface in the circumferential direction a changing Distance from the shoulder support surface and / or from the apical end of the main body having.

It can also be provided that the surface normal the front edge surface at all circumferential points of the end edge surface in one to the longitudinal central axis of the basic body and the implant assembly parallel plane lies.

Also can be provided that the axial distance from the front edge of the body to the shoulder support surface thereof varies from about 0.1 to about 3 mm.

Further beats the invention optionally, that the axial distance from the end edge of the basic body circularly to the shoulder support surface of the same about 0.1 to 3mm.

Also according to the invention be provided that the Außenflächenrauhigkeitstiefe of the basic body and / or the implant assembly has a microstructure size of less than 10 μm has and / or is nanostructured. It can be provided that the outer surface roughness depth of the basic body and / or the implant structure is about 5 microns.

The Außenflächenrauhigkeit in the nano range the hydrophilicity of the surface (ultrahydrophilia) optimizes already alone and promotes thereby a better tissue attachment. It also serves at the same time for conditioning the surface for the covalent or noncovalent binding of tissue growth factors.

Also according to the invention be provided that the roughened and / or micro- and / or nanostructured surface of Basic body and / or the implant structure at least partially preferably chemically for covalent and / or non-covalent binding with a biological prepared active substance and / or with a biologically active Substance is coated. The biologically active substance can thereby covalently and / or non-covalently bound, as described in WO 99/26674 is proposed. The implant surface can also be chemically be prepared, as also described in WO 99/26674, to bind active substances that are either physiologically processed Implant bed or additionally in a suitable Dosage form with the implant introduced into the wellbore or applied to the implant prior to implantation.

A special embodiment The invention provides that the biologically active substance one or more bone growth factors).

It is further proposed, if appropriate, that the biologically active substance one or more connective tissue factor (s).

Also can be provided that the biologically active substance one or more mucosal growth factor (s) will have.

A another embodiment the invention provides that the biologically active substance one or more blood vessel growth factor (s) having.

These biologically active substances can thus thus bone inductive, connective tissue inductive, blood vessel inductive and / or mucosal inductive.

The invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible by means of a combination of features according to the invention to obtain the intact bone implant connection, once formed during the healing phase (closed, transgingival and / or transperiosteal), in its vertical height level in a stable manner and to improve it qualitatively (possibly. Also prevent the later otherwise possibly resulting bacterial "peri-implantitis" phenomena) that in combination the front edge surface of the body is exposed and thus there is a bone bordering connective tissue attachment (attachment) as "covering adhering" arises and at the same time in the interior of the body or whose annular recess displaced axial support of the shoulder of the implant assembly on the shoulder support surface of the body for a significant improvement in the "rigidity" of the connection between the base body and implant assembly leads. The adhering to the around the front edge and on the end edge surface connective tissue causes on the one hand as part of the biological "width" distancing the bone from the epithelial attachment (mucosal attachment) and on the other hand also acts as a "shock absorption" against inevitably occurring micro-movements, which in extreme conditions even at virtually rigid connections between implant body and implant structure can occur and thereby give rise to mechanically induced inflammatory phenomena and bone resorption, even without additional bacterial influence at the top of the body can initiate.

These Bone resorption (adaptation) progresses until one adequate connective tissue delineation of the bone from the epithelial Attachment occurred and become a mechanically undisturbed biological Balance with a physiological turn-over in all adjacent Can adjust tissues. The epithelial attachment (mucous membrane attachment) forms on the cranial from the implant body outstanding implant structure out. According to the invention of apical portion of the implant abutment that fits into the annular recess of the implant implant body extends in and cranial to the crown shoulder of the implant structure extends, also completely or partially micro- and / or nanostructured be. Is the bone through a sufficiently broad connective tissue layer with their immunological defense mechanisms by collagen fiber structures at the implant surface mechanically stable and thus anchored, from the apical Separation of the mucous membrane attachment, so the implant structure, At its apical portion, the hemidesmosomal attachment of the Connective epithelium (mucosal attachment) is located, also repeated be removed without it to a vertical bone resorption (adaptation) comes. The junction (hem) epithelium adheres to the interface with the Connective tissue over Hemidesmosomes and remains therefore largely preserved.

The during the removal of the implant abutment or implant system parts, during the Prosthetic care necessarily be used by Tear off zertörte epithelial attachment regenerates after reinsertion of the Implant construction or other components easily. Will the implant covered and exposed after osteointegration a gingivaformer is used, which is also micro- or can be nanostructured and in which also an epithelial Attachment forms, so this can also be repeatedly removed to the respective necessary system components (impression posts, etc.) to screw in, without it becoming an unwanted vertical bone loss comes.

Becomes the implant is placed transgingivally (not covered / on time) and the implant structure inserted directly, so forms above the End edge surface the epithelial attachment, and the connective tissue attachment separating the bone can train in the healing phase and its immunological Develop defense competence. Must be for prosthetic reasons Implant build-up to be removed again at a later date, temporarily to other system components screwing in and out, this can happen without it an undesirable Bone resorption / adaptation comes. It has been shown that the improved Rigidity in combination with the possibility of attachment according to the invention of the connective tissue and the mucous membrane by the roughening of the surface of the the body especially at the border to the implant abutment and in the apical Proportion of the implant structure and not in the annular recess of the the body intervening portion of the implant structure for optimization and Stabilization of osseointegration and connective tissue and Mucosal attachment leads in the sense described above, wherein every single one of these measures for themselves not taken the desired Success brings. Only through the combination of the above measures let yourself the inventive success achieve.

Further Features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the claims and from the following description, in which an embodiment is explained in detail with reference to the schematic drawing.

there shows:

1 an embodiment of the invention in a partially sectioned longitudinal view; and

2 a section along the line II-II of 1 ,

As the drawing shows, the endosseous single-tooth implant according to the invention in the embodiment shown there has an external thread 10 provided basic body 12 which, with its apical end lying in the drawing, can first be screwed into a recess left behind by a tooth extraction in the jawbone of a patient or a bore correspondingly made in the jawbone. Basic body of this kind are basically from the DE 40 28 855 and / or from the DE 195 34 979 C1 to which reference is made to supplement the description in this regard.

The main body 12 who is at his in 1 The apical end shown below is formed closed, has a blind bore open to his lying in the drawing above coronal end. In this blind hole is an implant abutment 14 (in the prior art according to DE 40 28 855 C1 and DE 195 34 979 C1 thermally called "spacer sleeve") used, which is formed substantially hollow and in which a not shown in the drawing Implantaufbauhalteschraube (in pre As the prior art referred to as "implant posts") can be inserted from the coronally open end, which is also the apical open end of the implant assembly 14 interspersed and in an internal thread 16 near the apical end of an annular recess 18 , formed substantially hollow cylindrical, the main body 12 can be used, wherein the aforementioned ring recess 18 from a coronal border 20 of the basic body 12 to the apical, lying in the drawing below end of the internal thread 16 extends. By screwing the implant abutment screw into a substantially hollow cylindrical, apical and coronal open bore 22 of the implant structure 14 and screwing the implant abutment screw into the internal thread 16 becomes the implant structure 14 firmly and in the maximum way with respect to the basic body 12 non-relative mobility in the body 12 held.

The front edge 20 of the basic body 12 has a peripheral end edge 24 and an inner end edge 26 on, by the mutual distance of a substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal central axis 28 of the basic body 12 and thus also the implant structure 14 running front edge surface 30 is formed. This is achieved in that the outer diameter of the implant structure 14 in his after insertion at the front edge 20 adjacent area is smaller than the outer diameter of the Grundköpers in the region of the end edge 20 , The front edge surface 30 by no means necessarily along its entire annular circumference with respect to the longitudinal central axis 28 of the body constant distance from the apical end of the body 12 but may be in relation to the longitudinal extent of the basic body 12 be up and down, creating an optimal adjustment of the "axial" contour of the end edge surface 26 to the natural shape of the jawbone, in which the main body 12 is to be used, is achieved. In this way it can be achieved that the end edge surface 30 everywhere substantially flush with the surface of the jawbone or, depending on the needs and wishes of the attending physician, at a certain distance below or above the surface of the jawbone in the region of the implant insert can be arranged.

Of the desired Course of the front edge surface can Intraoperatively with a suitable device individually to the bone conditions be adjusted.

The implant structure 14 has a leadership alliance 32 on, in one at the front edge 20 of the basic body 12 subsequent guide sleeve 34 fittingly intervenes. At the apical end of the leadership alliance 32 is a radial shoulder 36 , that is, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis 28 of the basic body 12 and the implant structure 14 extends, provided on an apically arranged complementary shoulder support surface 38 of the basic body 12 after insertion is present. Unlike the endosseous single - tooth implant after the DE 195 34 979 C1 So is the shoulder 36 of the implant structure 14 not at the front edge 20 of the basic body 12 rather, the attachment is between the shoulder 36 of the implant structure 14 and the shoulder support surface 38 of the basic body 12 into the interior of the annular recess 18 of the basic body 12 laid in, namely at the apical end of the guide sleeve 34 of the basic body 12 ,

2 also shows complementary positive locking elements 40 both of the main body 12 as well as the implant structure 14 , which in eg from the DE 195 34 979 C1 meshed manner and after insertion of the implant assembly 14 into the main body 12 a twisting of the implant structure 14 opposite the main body 12 around the longitudinal central axis 28 prevent. These positive locking elements 40 can eg in the form of mutually complementary grooves and projections in the body 12 on the one hand and the implant abutment on the other 14 be trained on the other hand, but here dispensed with a more detailed graphic representation and description, rather in this regard to supplement the description, for example, on the DE 195 34 979 C1 is pointed out.

The substantially cylindrical peripheral outer surface of the guide sleeve 34 as well as the front edge area 30 of the basic body 12 are in the embodiment shown micro- and / or nanostrucured, for example by chemical etching or laser treatment. The roughness extends in the embodiment shown, moreover, over the entire outer surface of the body 12 although also limitations on roughening on in particular the cylindrical outer surface of the guide sleeve 34 , with simultaneous roughening or roughening of the front edge surface 30 , possible are.

By the measures described on the one hand ensures that the implant structure 14 as a result of the displacement of the "stop" between the shoulder 36 of the implant structure 14 and the shoulder support surface of the main body 38 into the interior of the annular recess 18 a particularly rigid connection between the base body 12 and the implant abutment 14 is guaranteed. This will, in combination with the roughening of the outer surface of the body 12 in the area of the guide sleeve 34 and the front edge surface 30 , that the jawbone in the substantially cylindrical to slightly conical region of 34 an intimate connection with the body 12 enters and the overlying connective tissue intimately with intimately the outer surface of the body 12 in the area of the front edge surface 30 combines. This intimate connection of bone and connective tissue also remains stable in function. As a result, aesthetically pleasing prosthetic implant supplies can be achieved. A particular longevity of the single-tooth implant once used is ensured by the stable maintenance of the vertical bone level, the connective tissue attachment and the epithelial attachment.

The in the above description, in the drawing and in the claims disclosed features of the invention can both individually and also in any combination for the realization of the invention in the various embodiments be essential.

Claims (19)

Endosseous single-tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis, with a substantially cylindrical or slightly conical, in a present in a jawbone recess or inserted into a jawbone base body having a blind hole open to its coronal end, one to the cranial end edge of the body verdrehgesi chert attachable, substantially hollow cylindrical implant structure, which is an apical Zentrierbund, which is inserted into a coronal end of the body open hollow cylindrical annular recess of the body, at least one open at its coronal end bore for receiving a directly into the blind bore of the body or indirectly and the implant structure at least partially penetrating implant abutment screw and a substantially on the longitudinal central axis of the annular recess radial shoulder support surface of the body placed, essentially to the longitudinal central axis of the implant abutment has radial shoulder, wherein the annular recess is formed near the cranial end edge of the body as a substantially hollow cylindrical guide sleeve for a substantially cylindrical guide collar of the implant abutment whose outer diameter substantially matches with the inner diameter of the guide sleeve, and in the region Guide sleeve and the guide collar of the body on the one hand and the implant structure on the other hand complementary form-fitting elements are provided for non-rotatably connecting the implant assembly and the base body, and a mounting head for the dental prosthesis, characterized in that the outer diameter of the guide collar ( 32 ) of the implant structure ( 14 ) is smaller than the outer diameter of the main body ( 12 ) in the region of its cranial end edge ( 20 ); that between a peripheral end edge ( 24 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) and an inner end edge ( 26 ) thereof a coronal substantially exposed end edge surface ( 30 ) is formed; that the shoulder support surface ( 38 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) within the annular recess ( 18 ) protrudes inwardly substantially radially from the inner wall of the annular recess; and that the outer wall of the main body ( 12 ) at least in the region of the guide sleeve ( 32 ) to the peripheral edge edge ( 24 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) roughened and / or micro- and / or nanostructured. Single-tooth implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the end edge surface ( 30 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) roughened and / or micro- and / or nanostructured. Single-tooth implant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the entire outer surface of the basic body ( 12 ) roughened and / or micro- and / or nanostructured. Single-tooth implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer circumferential surface of the implant abutment ( 14 ) at least in its after insertion into the body ( 12 ) to the front edge surface ( 30 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) roughened cranial subsequent area and / or micro- and / or nanostructured. Single-tooth implant according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer circumferential surface of the implant abutment ( 14 ) is roughened and / or microstructured and / or nanostructured at least in a region which, after insertion of the implant structure ( 14 ) in the basic body ( 12 ) cranial about 1-2 mm from the front edge surface ( 30 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) extends. Single-tooth implant according to claim 4, characterized in that the outer circumferential surface of the implant abutment ( 14 ) throughout after insertion of the implant abutment ( 14 ) in the basic body ( 12 ) cranial from the front edge surface ( 30 ) to a shoulder of the implant abutment ( 14 ), on which sits a crown of the denture. Single-tooth implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shoulder support surface ( 38 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) the front edge ( 20 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) axially closer than the interlocking elements ( 40 ). Single-tooth implant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the shoulder support surface ( 38 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) from the front edge ( 20 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) axially ent further is located as the interlocking elements ( 40 ). Single-tooth implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end edge surface ( 30 ) in the circumferential direction a changing distance from the shoulder support surface ( 38 ) and / or from the apical end of the main body ( 12 ) having. Single-tooth implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface normal of the end edge surface ( 30 ) at all circumferential points of the front edge surface ( 30 ) in a direction to the longitudinal central axis ( 28 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) and the implant structure ( 14 ) parallel plane lies. Single-tooth implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial distance from the end edge ( 20 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) to the shoulder support surface ( 38 ) thereof varies from about 0.1 to about 3mm. Single-tooth implant according to claim 11, characterized in that the axial distance from the end edge ( 20 ) of the basic body ( 12 ) circularly up to the shoulder support surface ( 38 ) thereof is about 0.1 to 3 mm. Single-tooth implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface roughness depth of the basic body ( 12 ) and / or the implant structure ( 14 ) has a microstructure size of less than 10 μm and / or is nanostructured. Single-tooth implant according to claim 13, characterized in that the outer surface roughness depth of the main body ( 12 ) and / or the implant structure ( 14 ) is about 5 microns. Single-tooth implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roughened and / or microstructured and / or nanostructured surface of the basic body ( 12 ) and / or the implant structure ( 14 ) is prepared, at least in regions, preferably chemically for the covalent and / or non-covalent binding of a biologically active substance and / or coated with a biologically active substance. Single-tooth implant according to claim 15, characterized in that that the biologically active substance one or more bone growth factor (s) having. Single-tooth implant according to claim 15 or 16, characterized characterized in that biologically active substance one or more connective tissue growth factor (s) having. Single-tooth implant according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the biologically active substance one or more mucosal growth factor (s) having. Single-tooth implant according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the biologically active substance one or more blood growth factor (s) having.