EP2654603A1

EP2654603A1 - Crestal implant and method for processing same

Info

Publication number: EP2654603A1
Application number: EP11805482.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frank-Peter Spahn
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-12-20
Filing date: 2011-12-20
Publication date: 2013-10-30
Also published as: US20140004481A1; DE102011001401A1; AR084572A1; TW201231023A; BR112013015527A2; WO2012084896A1; EA201390937A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a crestal implant (1) comprising an elongate anchoring section (2), an implant stump (4) and a transition section (3), wherein said anchoring section (2) has an elongate core (5) from which several ribs (6) extend thus forming rib groups. One or more surfaces (11) which extend in the circumferential direction (U) at a radial reference distance from the longitudinal central axis are provided on the transition section (3). The implant (1) contains plastic material. According to the invention, one or more rib groups, in which the radially outer rib edge (13) of the ribs (6.0) has a radial distance (R₀) from the longitudinal central axis (A) of the implant (1), are provided, said radial distance at least approximately corresponding to the radial reference distance, and one or more rib groups are provided within which only some ribs thereof, or within which all the ribs thereof, have on the radially outer rib edges along the entire or partial circumferential extension, a radial distance from the longitudinal central axis which is greater than the radial reference distance.

Description

Crestal implant and method for its processing

The present invention relates firstly to a crestal implant comprising an elongate anchoring portion extending in a longitudinal direction, an implant stump and a transitional portion between the anchoring portion and the implant stump, the anchoring portion having an elongated core longitudinally and circumferentially thereof - Starting direction distributed a plurality of ribs, wherein the ribs form rib groups, each comprising a plurality of distributed on a common core cross section at the core circumference arranged ribs, wherein at the transition portion one or more surfaces is provided or circumferentially at least circumferentially in a radial Reference distance extending from the geometric longitudinal central axis, and wherein the implant comprises plastic and preferably consists of plastic.

The implants in question in the context of the invention serve as an artificial tooth root, which can anchor a dentist or surgeon in the bone of the upper or lower jaw and on whose implant stump a set of teeth such as a tooth crown can be anchored. Such implants are therefore also referred to as dental implants or occasionally according to their location as jaw implants. The implant stump is also referred to in the literature as an abutment. In this connection, various implant types are known in the prior art. Metallic crestal implants, the actual classic implants in a kind of tooth root shape, have at their anchoring portion a thread (or two threads with different threads to achieve a kind of compression), with which they are screwed into the bone. The force transmission in such implants occurs crestally or in the so-called collar area, which adjoins the threaded area. Since the jawbone is at mouth opening and at Bite bite and the collar area changes with it, the Einhei- lezeit for classic implants is problematic. But even later, it may lead to detachment of the bone material from the implant, since the metal used for classical implants can not feel the internal movements of the jawbone. So far, industrial attempts have been made to eliminate this problem by various surface treatments and compressive surface design. In addition, it comes as a difficulty that implants are needed for different anatomical conditions. There are therefore a large number of suppliers on the market, each of which offers a variety of implants (often at least five types, but also up to thirty or forty different types) in different sizes and with different surfaces and different prosthetic abutment parts. The prosthetic abutment parts are also important distinguishing features among the providers, since the problem of the mucous membrane penetration of the implant and the connection of the dental crown to be applied thereon can be solved differently and must be solved individually. Conventionally, therefore, a larger number of auxiliary parts (eg. About forty auxiliary parts) is required per implant system, which should enable the dentist to find the best aesthetic and functional solution. This is necessary because in the conventional crestal screw implants with metal, preferably with titanium, is used, which may not be edited and changed by the dentist, otherwise the crystalline structure of the material could be damaged and corrosion could occur. Against this background, the object of the invention is to advantageously develop a generic implant so that, in particular, one or more of the aforementioned restrictions can be avoided as far as possible. The object is achieved according to the invention initially and essentially in conjunction with the features that one or more groups of ribs are provided, in the case of which all of the ribs have the radially outer rib edge along its entire or only partial circumferential extension at a radial distance from the geometrical longitudinal center axis of the implant, which corresponds to or approximately corresponds to the radial reference distance, and that one or more further groups of ribs are provided, within which not all ribs, but only some, preferably only two ribs opposite each other on the core circumference, or of their ribs all ribs on their radially outer rib edge along its entire or only partial circumferential extent have a radial distance from the geometric longitudinal central axis which is greater than the radial reference distance. Such an implant, in particular with regard to the special rib arrangement and formation as well as with regard to its plastic-based production, advantageously enables the implant, starting from only a single base design and size, to be treated by the attending physician even before being used on different anatomical surfaces Circumstances can be adjusted. In particular, there is the possibility of shortening the implant as required at one or more points in the longitudinal direction and / or to modify its ribs, in particular to shorten, in order to be able to adapt the anchoring section in the radial direction or in its width to bores in the jawbone with different diameters , Instead of a larger number of conventional implants, with a number of about five to forty can be considered typical, you only need an inventive implant that can be cut or removed in the basal and / or crestalen area, with a reduction in the longitudinal direction in the area the anchoring portion only requires the cutting of the core with its comparatively smaller cross section between the longitudinally spaced-apart ribs from the core. The width or the width of the outer rib edges agreed, for the anchorage effective implant cross section, in particular the diameter of an imaginary concentric to the geometric longitudinal center axis circular curve from which the rib edges of a rib group are limited, can be changed by preferably ribs, each having a radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than the radial reference distance, are removed as required from their free longitudinal ends or edges ago. In so far preferred possible embodiments will be discussed later. Preferably, the implant according to the invention, as also described below, can be developed and further developed in such a way that a dowel-like shape and mode of operation result. In view of the fact that the implant comprises plastic or consists of plastic, advantageously results in the possibility of selecting the implant material so that it has virtually the same modulus of elasticity as jawbone. Preferably, the implant can be made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or of a mixture of different polyetheretherketones, which can achieve practically the same elastic modulus as that of jawbone. Thus, the problems of the conventional metal implants in crestalen collar area do not face, because the bone does not move away from the implant in the case of bending, but also bends the implant in the same way. Due to the production of the plastic-based or plastic implant, the connection to the prosthetics also poses no problems, since the crestal end of the implant projecting from the mucous membrane after installation is ground to suit the needs like a tooth with a rotating instrument may. Metallurgical problems, such as corrosion, are excluded because no metal is incorporated. On the one hand, an implant is supposed to transmit power, but on the other hand, it can not detach itself from the bone. In conventional metallic implant bodies, this is achieved by means of threads which carry these implants and which are intended to be pre-cut in the bone, which is not homogeneous, and then approximately agree. On the other hand, at the implant according to the invention, which in a preferred embodiment may also be referred to as a so-called. P-CIS implant, the force is transmitted through the ribs formed without pitch angle and preferably via the conical collar region. Since, unlike metal, the material polyetheretherketone (PEEK) deforms when it encounters hard edges, the holes in the jaw can be made slightly narrower in preparation for implant placement in the jawbone than the surface of the implant requires for the insertion procedure , The implant can be tapped into such a hole, whereby the ribs create something springy. At the final location, the feathers will unfold elastically again, without damaging bone cells due to excessive pressure, since the same or practically the same modulus of elasticity exists and the bone thus predetermines the rate of unfolding of the ribs. The ribs then prevent detachment from the drill channel, so that no thread is necessary. Thus, the anchoring portion can serve with the ribs for anchoring the implant in the jawbone and transferred together with the transition section and, depending on the anatomical conditions, possibly with a portion of the implant stump the resulting loads, including if necessary, a certain proportion of the implant stump can be inserted into the jawbone. Conventionally, the collar section is the transition section and, depending on the design, the implant stump (or a part thereof).

It is preferably provided that a core cross section, at the core circumference of which the ribs of a rib group are arranged, is in each case a plane and perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal central axis, and / or that the rib edges of a group of ribs in the circumferential direction in a common, perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis Cross-section run. It is preferred that the ribs have no slope and thus do not form a thread. With regard to the present instead, described above Dowel-like mode of action, in which ribs in the drill channel first apply to the core and then unfold again and wedge the implant in the drill channel, is also considered an advantage that the desired anchorage can be achieved even in different rotational positions of the implant around its geometric longitudinal central axis can.

A preferred development is seen in that the rib groups each have a plurality, preferably four, ribs, of which each rib group only a total of two, mutually opposite to the core circumference ribs at its radially outer rib edge along the whole or only partially (ie, if necessary also only locally) circumferential extent have a radial distance from the geometric longitudinal central axis, which is greater than the radial reference distance, and of which the remaining ribs at its radially outer rib edge along its entire or only partially (ie, possibly only local) circumferential extent a radial distance from the have geometric longitudinal center axis, which corresponds to the reference distance or approximately corresponds. With regard to the transition section, it is preferred that the latter has a core from which radially outwards a plurality of circumferentially distributed and spaced apart circumferential segments extend whose radially outer surfaces are in the radial reference distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis Extend circumferentially and longitudinally along an imaginary cylindrical envelope surface. With respect to the anchoring portion, it is preferred that the radially outermost rib edge of only a few or all of the ribs belonging to a same rib group extends along an imaginary circular line concentric with the longitudinal geometrical center axis. The outermost rib edge then has along a circumferential direction extending around the geometric longitudinal central axis a constant radial distance therefrom. It is considered appropriate that several groups of ribs, within which only a single (ie not all) or all ribs Radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than the radial reference distance, are arranged consecutively in the longitudinal direction, ie without longitudinally intervening rib groups, at their all ribs each of the Radiotradial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis of Implant corresponds to the radial reference distance or approximately corresponds.

There is a possibility that rib groups in which only a single (ie not all) or all ribs have a radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the longitudinal geometrical center axis is greater than the radial reference distance, from rib group to rib group one another in the Distinguish said radial distance. In particular, it is preferred that, in a sequence of a plurality of such rib groups, at least one so-called first rib group is assigned a first radial distance of the outer rib edges from the longitudinal central axis, as compared to the radial reference distance, and longitudinally on one or both sides one or more so-called second rib groups are arranged in this so-called first rib group, to which a so-called second radial distance of the outer rib edges from the longitudinal center axis is assigned, which is smaller than the first radial distance and larger than the radial reference distance the radial reference distance is.

There is the possibility that in a sequence of several rib groups, in which only a single (ie not all) or all ribs, a radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than the radial reference distance between at least one so-called. second rib group, which is associated with the so-called second radial distance of the outer rib edges from the longitudinal center axis, and at least one rib group, which at all ribs of the radial Referenzab- is associated with the outer rib edges of the longitudinal central axis, at least one so-called. Third rib group is arranged, which is associated with a larger, compared to the radial reference distance, so-called. Third radial distance of the outer rib edges of the longitudinal central axis, which is smaller than the said second Radial distance from the longitudinal center axis and greater than the radial reference distance. It is also preferred that viewed in the longitudinal direction on both sides of a series of several groups of ribs, within which only a single (ie not all) or all ribs, a radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than the radial reference distance , One or more groups of ribs are arranged, in which in particular all ribs in each case a radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis of the implant corresponds to the radial reference distance or approximately corresponds.

With regard to the rib cross section, it is preferred that ribs whose radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis corresponds at least approximately to the radial reference distance have a triangular cross section in a cross section plane passing through the geometric longitudinal central axis. On the other hand, it is preferred that ribs whose radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal central axis is greater than the radial reference distance have a cross section in a cross-sectional plane extending through the geometric longitudinal central axis, starting from an base adjoining the core cross section into an elongated one Projection tapers, wherein it is preferably provided that the extension has at least a length section approximately constant cross-sectional thickness. Particularly such ribs have, also favored by the production of plastic material, an elastic deformability, which when inserting the implant into the bore channel a resilient application to the core cross-section and a later e- Lastic unfolding or spreading supported by the core. The extensions of the ribs may have a lapp-like design. It is also preferred that the elongated extension is oriented towards its free end with respect to the geometric longitudinal central axis inclined towards the implant stump, so that in this respect is to speak of a dowel-like design.

A preferred embodiment is also seen in that ribs are arranged in a plurality of rows of ribs, wherein each row of ribs in each case a plurality of distributed on the core in the longitudinal direction and within a mutually equal circumferential angle interval arranged on the core circumference ribs summarizes. It is preferably provided that two mutually diametrically opposite to the core circumference rib rows are provided, within which each rib is assigned to the radially outer rib edge in the circumferential direction only locally or continuously the so-called. Radial reference distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis. In this connection, it is preferred that two further rows of ribs, which are likewise diametrally opposite each other on the circumference of the circumference, are provided, in each of which ribs are associated whose radially outer rib rim is assigned locally or continuously at least one radial distance from the geometrical center axis in its circumferential direction is greater than the radial reference distance. Preferably, the last-mentioned rows of ribs comprise different ribs, which differ from one another with respect to their respective radial spacing greater than the radial reference distance, and in particular also such ribs whose radial distance from the geometrical longitudinal center axis corresponds to the radial reference distance. These quasi-mixed rib groups preferably lie opposite one another in a cross section leading through the geometrical longitudinal center axis, which perpendicular intersects another cross section, in which the two other aforementioned rib groups lie opposite one another on the core circumference. It is preferably provided that each also a circumferential segment of the transition section within each of a circumferential angle interval, which is associated with one of the rows of ribs extends. For example, four rows of ribs may be present distributed on the circumference, of which two rows of ribs are diametrically opposite each other on the circumference of the core. With respect to the respective two side edges of the ribs, there is the possibility that they extend parallel to one another or approximately parallel, so that the ribs have a substantially identical rib width from the core to their radially outermost rib edge. It is preferred that the rib width gradually gradually decreases from the core to the radially outermost rib edge. It is also preferable that the ribs belonging to a respective row of ribs are aligned with each other with respect to their side edges from rib to rib. This is accompanied by the fact that the radially outermost rib edge of ribs with a comparatively larger radial distance from the geometric longitudinal central axis extends in the circumferential direction over a comparatively smaller circumferential angle within the circumferential angular interval. For example, rib edges whose radial distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis corresponds or approximately corresponds to radial reference spacing may extend over a circumferential angle of about 45 ° over a circumferential angular interval that encompasses, for example, a quarter circumference (90 degrees), while outer rib edges extend from others Rib groups with comparatively larger radial distance within the same circumferential angle interval over a correspondingly even lower circumferential angle extend. In order to be able to easily insert the implant into the drill channel, it is possible for the implant to have a foot end which tapers in cross-section to the free longitudinal end of the anchoring section and has a core from which a plurality of radially outwardly distributed, circumferentially distributed and spaced segments arranged foot segments extend, wherein it is preferably provided that each foot segment in each one Extending circumferential angle corresponding to one of the rows of ribs associated circumferential angle interval. There is the possibility that a concavely rounded groove extends between adjacent rows of ribs, in particular between adjacent circumferential segments and adjacent leg segments, in particular in the longitudinal direction, in each of which a stiffening projection is embedded in at least some of the rib groups between adjacent ribs.

Both with regard to easy manufacturability and to a desired flexible adaptability to anatomical conditions, it is preferred that the implant is produced in one piece. As already mentioned, plastic is preferred as the material, in particular a material of or based on polyamide or polyether ketone, such as preferably of polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or of polyoxymethylene (eg Delrin) or the like. Especially polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be adapted in terms of its modulus of elasticity to the modulus of elasticity of the jawbone. In this respect, it is preferred that the implant is wholly or at least predominantly made of plastic. In order to avoid unwanted rotation of the implant after its installation in the jaw about its geometrical longitudinal center axis, there is the possibility that at the transition portion between surfaces extending circumferentially at least circumferentially in the radial reference distance from the geometric longitudinal center axis, one or meh - Rere, preferably two diametrically opposite each other on the circumference, projections are formed, which extend radially outward beyond these surfaces or the radial reference distance, in particular up to the maximum so-called. Radial distance between rib edges and the longitudinal central axis, preferably provided in that the protrusions are in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal geometrical center axis a wedge-shaped, radially outwardly tapered cross-section and in a plane passing through the geometric longitudinal central axis cross-sectional plane have a cuboid cross-section. The protrusions, which cause an antirotational effect, can also be shortened or completely removed according to the individual requirements, for which purpose the protrusions can be separated or, for example, removed, for example, by means of a cutting instrument (for example knives). With regard to the implant stump, it is preferable for it to be rotationally symmetrical and, in particular, concentric to the geometric longitudinal central axis.

An expedient development may be that a first surface region of a dental implant region whose implant material consists of polyetheretherketone or at least polyetheretherketone, and at least a second surface region of a dental implant region whose implant material consists of polyetheretherketone or at least polyetheretherketone, respectively by means of mechanical and / or physical and / or chemical action is prepared, so that at least one surface property of the surface resulting from the preparation of the first surface area at least partially wise (ie, surface or complete) in their expression of this surface property of emerging from the preparation of the second surface area surface differs and the expression of this surface property of the surfaces resulting from the preparation at least partially from the appearance of the surface property of each associated surface area before or without the preparation differs, wherein it is preferred in the at least one surface property, but not necessary to be the surface retentivity. In this context, under the surface retentivity of surfaces, the adhesion or retention capacity between two bodies or substances, in this case between surface regions of the dental implant and at least one type of, for example, ions, molecules, body cells (for example of the bone, gums or the mucous membrane) or tissues or the like. It is possible for the dental implant on its surface, which in its untreated starting state has inert or inert properties due to the selected plastic material, not to be completely or uniformly prepared, but preferably to be prepared differently only at certain surface areas, so that there in each case at least one surface property, preferably the surface retentivity, is differentiated from the expression of this surface property in question before or without the respective preparation, in order to adapt the dental implant in a targeted manner to locally different requirements in its implantation environment. The outside of the prepared surface areas of the dental implant are preferably untreated and preferably have surface properties of the implant material or of PEEK. In terms of surface retentivity, it is also possible to speak of retention or retention capacity. The retentivity of the implant material, which consists of polyetheretherketone or at least polyetheretherketone formed surface has in the initial state or before the preparation according to the invention an initial or original retentivity, which is dependent on the plastic material itself and which is also a measure of the surface retentivity according to the invention Preparation forms. The preparation or action on the implant surface advantageously makes it possible to vary certain surface properties of surface areas differently, while the already selected material or strength properties inside the dental implant can remain unchanged. On the one hand, there is the possibility that the dental implant has uniformly, for example, deformation and strength properties in its interior, and, on the other hand, an implant according to the invention which has different surface properties on different surface regions can be used in different sizes. have different strength and deformation properties (such as different elastic moduli) have different construction areas. It is understood that the selection or limitation of the surface areas to be differentiated with regard to the surface properties is also possible differently from the selection or limitation of the construction areas to be differentiated in terms of the strength and deformation properties. The mentioned polyetheretherketone can consist of molecules of the same chain length or of molecules of different chain length. If reference is made to an implant material which comprises at least polyetheretherketone, it is preferred that polyetheretherketone forms the predominant ingredient but that certain additives of other substances, preferably comparatively less, are preferred for influencing the deformation and / or strength properties Can be added amount, such as, for example, carbon fibers and / or glass fibers and / or, for example, titanium fibers or other substances, organic or inorganic additives with or without fiber structure. For example, a material offered under the name PEEK-OPTIMA® can be used as starting material for the implant. With regard to the possibilities described in WO 2007/122178 A2 for influencing the material properties in the interior of the dental implant, the entire disclosure of this document is incorporated in full in the disclosure of the present application, also for the purpose of being able to include features in the claims. It is, for example, possible as physical processing, inter alia, also based on electrical or energetic action principles machining. A mechanical action may, for example, be a change of shape and / or structure, in particular of the fine structure, of the implant surface, for example the removal of parts of the surface, the roughening or the production of individual or several pores, recesses or the like , Such a mechanical preparation can, for example, be made by machining. Alternatively or in combination, a thermal preparation, in particular molding Change, the surface area possible. The surface resulting from the preparation can thus have a shape deviating from the surface of the still unprepared surface area. It goes without saying that in the case of further preparation options, the shape of the surface during preparation can also remain unchanged. On the other hand, a roughening can, for example, also take place chemically. Other possibilities of, for example, physical or chemical preparation include the addition or application, the coating or the incorporation of substances into consideration. Further possibilities for the preferred development are indicated in the dependent claims 21 to 24.

In particular, there is the possibility that at least part of the prepared surface area on the implant has been changed in its surface form before or during the deposition of the substance and / or the plasma treatment, preferably by means of hot stamping, cold stamping, milling, punching and / or drilling or the like ,

For example, there is the possibility that the at least two surface areas are hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic in one another and in comparison to PEEK of varying degrees, whereby a so-called

amphiphilic training is possible. For example. For example, one of the surface regions may be made comparatively hydrophobic, so that there the retention is reduced in comparison to untreated polyetheretherketone and in comparison to the second surface region for tartar, so that the calculus deposit is reduced. The other surface area may, for example, be comparatively hydrophilic in order to support protein accumulation. There is also the possibility that the at least two surface regions have different surface activation from one another and in comparison to PEEK, for example different activations effected by means of plasma jet ion treatment. There is also the possibility that the at least two surface areas from each other and in comparison to PEEK have different surface energy. The surface energy, which is also referred to as surface tension, can be changed, for example, by means of a plasma treatment, wherein a higher surface tension tends to result in better wettability with other substances, that is to say in this respect to a higher retention. The surface retentivity can also be influenced by the extent to which a surface has an excess of positive or negative charge carriers. The invention also relates to a method for processing or for producing a crestal implant, ie a dental implant, which first provides that an implant is provided or manufactured, which realizes one or more of the features of claims 1 to 24. In this respect, it is also possible to speak of an implant blank or of an implant body. According to the invention, the method proposes that the implant be shortened at one or more points in the longitudinal direction and / or that its ribs and / or its projections are machined. The method makes it possible, in particular, for the implant to be geometrically adapted by a practitioner to anatomical conditions of the jaw prior to insertion into a jaw. Such a machining or adaptation was not conceivable for a person skilled in the art in the case of conventional implants made of metal or titanium, since this could lead to destruction of the material structure and to the risk of corrosion. To further this method or this use, there is the possibility that the shortening in the longitudinal direction by means of separation of implant parts, preferably in the basal and / or crestalen area, takes place, wherein it is preferably provided that the foot is separated and / or that the core for Separation of one or more rib groups is severed and / or that one or both conical lengths are separated and / or ground. There is also the possibility that ribs, each having a radii The distance between the outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal central axis is greater than the radial reference distance, are removed and / or shortened from their free longitudinal ends or edges, preferably for the purpose of placing the implant at the diameter of a bore channel present in a jaw adapt. It is also possible that the projections are shortened and / or weakened or removed, preferably by the projections are removed or separated by means of a cutting instrument. When using a plastic or polyether ether ketone, the implant can be processed as an implant material, for example by means of a separation process (for example cutting), a cutting process (for example milling) or, for example, by means of grinding.

To further develop the method or the use, there is the possibility that a first surface region of a dental implant region whose implant material consists of polyetheretherketone or at least polyetheretherketone, and at least a second surface region of a dental implant region whose implant material consists of polyetheretherketone or at least polyetheretherketone, respectively is prepared by means of mechanical and / or physical and / or chemical action, so that at least one surface property of the surface resulting from the preparation of the first surface area differs, at least in some areas, from this surface property of the surface resulting from the preparation of the second surface area, and the Expression of this surface property of the surface resulting from the preparation at least partially from the expression supply this surface property of the respectively associated surface region prior to or differs without the preparation, which is preferably at the said surface characteristic, but not necessary, to minimum the Oberflächenretentivität of the dental implant for supply a in a dental implant environment in an oral cavity mögli- natural or ingested substance or type of body cells. With regard to the possible effects and advantages in this respect and by means of the preferred further developments described below, reference is made to the preceding description. Various possibilities for the preferred development can also be found in claims 30 to 32.

The attachment and / or the plasma treatment can be performed either after complete or predominant shaping of the dental implant and / or after or during local deformation of the dental implant. It is possible that at least part of the prepared surface area is changed in its surface form before or during the deposition of the substance and / or the plasma treatment, which can be done, for example, by means of hot stamping, cold stamping, milling, punching and / or drilling. It is possible to heat the thermoplastic material polyetheretherketone (PEEK) on the surface and to introduce nanoparticles into the heated surface or else to heat the nanoparticles or very small particles and, by means of such a melting / brazing process at the PEEK Surface to install. This can either already be done, for example, during the industrial production of the dental implant blank or carried out by a dentist, after he has shaped the implant (whether crestal or basal) according to the individual patient conditions. For example, a dentist could first create cavities / recesses, pores and then fill them, ie attach one or more substances to the surface areas in these cavities. Alternatively, in the manufacture or reworking of the dental implant, in particular by a practitioner, the implant surface could be redesigned in only one operation and the substance accumulation carried out in the process. The other or previously described implant features or measures can not only industrial, but also advantageous by a practitioner or dentist in the Production of a dental implant or during the post-processing of a implant blank itself be executed.

The at least two surface regions can, for example, be made hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic and / or amphiphilic to different degrees from one another. There is also the possibility that the at least two surface areas are activated differently from each other. Finally, the process can also be carried out in such a way that a surface energy differing from one another is produced at the at least two surface regions.

The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying figures, which show preferred embodiments of the implant according to the invention. It shows:

1 shows in perspective an implant according to the invention according to a first embodiment, in magnification;

Figure 2 is an end view of the foot in the direction II according to FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows a side view in the viewing direction III according to FIG. 2; FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a side view in the viewing direction IV according to FIG. 2; FIG. 5 shows a sectional view along section plane V-V according to FIG. 2, limited to the anchoring section and the transition section;

6 is a sectional view along section line VI - VI of Figure 2, also limited to the anchoring portion and the transition section. a side view of the implant according to FIGS. 1 to 6, wherein different possibilities for shortening the implant are shown by way of example by means of separating lines; 8 shows a sectional view of an implant according to FIGS. 1 to 7 in an exemplary application prior to installation in a jawbone;

9 shows the illustration of a later point in time shortly after the crestal insertion of the implant into the drill channel;

FIG. 10 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 9 at a later time; FIG.

11 is a sectional view along section line XI - XI of Figure 10;

FIG. 12 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 10, however, after grinding the implant stump and after fastening a tooth crown to the ground tooth stump or prosthetic stump; FIG.

13 shows a second preferred application example of an implant according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment, prior to the assembly of dentures; perspective view of an implant according to the invention according to a second preferred embodiment;

FIG. 15 shows an end view of the foot end in the viewing direction XV according to FIG. 14; FIG.

16 is a sectional view taken along section line XVI - XVI of Figure 15, limited to the anchoring portion and on the transition section. Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken along section line XVII - XVII of Figure 15, also limited to the anchoring portion and the transition portion.

Fig. 18 shows another possible application example of the implant according to the invention according to the second preferred embodiment and

19 shows another possible embodiment of the implant according to the invention. An implant 1 according to the invention in accordance with a first preferred exemplary embodiment is first presented with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. The implant 1 shown is made as a whole in one piece from the plastic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) whose modulus of elasticity corresponds approximately to the modulus of elasticity of jawbone material. The implant 1 comprises an anchoring section 2 extending in its longitudinal direction L or along its longitudinal geometric central axis A, with which the implant 1 can be crestally inserted, ie anchored, from the alveolar ridge into the bore channel of a jawbone and anchored therein, so that the implant 1 is held in the longitudinal direction L and can withstand the loads occurring. Furthermore, the implant 1 comprises a transition section 3, which adjoins the anchoring section 2 in the longitudinal direction L, to which an implant stump 4 in turn adjoins in the longitudinal direction L. The anchoring portion 2 has an elongated core 5. From this go many ribs, initially denoted uniformly by the reference numeral 6. As illustrated in particular in FIG. 1, numerous ribs 6 are arranged distributed in the longitudinal direction L and in a circumferential direction U running around the geometrical longitudinal center axis A at the anchoring section. The connection cross-sections of the ribs 6 on the core 5 (see base 14) are spaced approximately equidistant from one another in the longitudinal direction L and in the circumferential direction U. Ribs 6, which together from a perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis A th, in a planar geometric core cross-section at the core circumference in the circumferential direction U go out, initially uniformly referred to as a group of ribs 7, wherein the groupwise meaning of the reference numeral in Figure 5 is indicated by the use of brackets. On the other hand, ribs 6 which are arranged one behind the other on the core 5 in mutually equal circumferential angular position but longitudinally L are referred to collectively as rib series 8, which is indicated by corresponding brackets in FIG. Accordingly, in the example, four rows of ribs 8 are present. Starting from the core 5, the ribs 6 extend in the radial direction r, ie radially outward. Also, the transition section 3 comprises a core 9 which extends in a straight extension of the core 5. Starting from the core 9, radially outward in the example, four circumferential segments 10 distributed in the circumferential direction U and spaced apart from each other extend whose radial outer surfaces 11 at a radial reference distance R from the geometric longitudinal central axis A and in the circumferential direction U and extend in the longitudinal direction L along an imaginary cylindrical envelope surface. The four circumferential segments 10 are distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction U in the example and are located centrally in each one of the four marked in Figure 2, each having a circumferential angle of 90 ° spanning circumferential angular intervals 12, without filling these intervals in the circumferential direction. Thus, each two surfaces 11 are diametrically opposite each other on the circumference of the core 9, so that the transition section 3 has there virtually an effective reference diameter D. In the application of the implant, for example, this diameter may be equal to or slightly smaller than the diameter of a drill, by means of which a drilling channel crestal, ie from the alveolar ridge, is drilled into a jawbone to match the implant.

FIG. 5 shows that the implant 1 in the example has a total of five rib groups 7.0, in the case of which all of the ribs 6. 0 have the radial distance Ro between the radially outermost rib edge 13 (the reference numeral 13 is uniformly used for the rib edges of all other ribs 6) and the geometric longitudinal central axis A of the implant 1 corresponds to the radial reference distance R. In addition, rib groups 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 are provided, in which in the example all ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 each have a radial distance Ri, R ₂ and R3 between the radially outermost rib edge 13 and the geometric longitudinal central axis A is greater than the radial reference distance R. , The term radial distance designates the radial distance, ie the distance in the radial direction r from the geometric longitudinal center axis A. The radial reference distance is the radial distance or the distance in the radial direction of the surfaces 11 from the geometric longitudinal center axis A. As FIG. 8 illustrates all ribs uniformly designated by the reference numeral 6 and in addition to the distinction from each other with one of the reference numerals 6.0, 6.1, 6.2 or 6.3. This applies correspondingly to the rib groups 7 or to the reference numerals 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 (see FIG. 5) and to the radial spacings R or Ro, Ri, R ₂ , R3 and diameter D assigned to the ribs Th, Di, D ₂ , D3. These numbers thus also facilitate the assignment of radial distances and diameters to specific ribs and rib groups, whereby instead of the digits (appended with a dot), letters could also serve to distinguish them (eg 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d instead of 6, 6.0, FIG. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3). As illustrated for example in FIG. 2, in the example the radially outermost rib edge 13 of all ribs 6 extends along geometric or imaginary circular lines concentric with the geometric longitudinal center axis A, ie the rib edges 13 have a constant radial distance from the longitudinal center axis A in the circumferential direction U. FIG. 2 shows that each group of ribs 7 includes four ribs 6, which are each arranged centrally in each one of the circumferential angle intervals 12, so that in two mutually perpendicular, through the geometric longitudinal central axis A transverse directions in each rib group 7 on the circumference two ribs 6 are diametrically opposite. Thus, each rib group 7 can have a common Assign effective diameter, wherein the diameter Do equal to twice the radial distance Ro, the diameter Di twice the radial distance Ri, the diameter D ₂ twice the radial distance R ₂ and the diameter D3 twice the radial distance R3 corresponds. In the selected exemplary embodiment, a rib group 7.0 initially adjoins the transition section 3 in the longitudinal direction. These are followed in the longitudinal direction L by a rib group 7.3, a rib group 7.2, a rib group 7.1, a further rib group 7.2, another rib group 7.3 and again several, in the example four, rib groups 7.0. The rib groups 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 differ from group to group in their radial distance Ri, R ₂ and R3. A first rib group 7.1, which is present only once, is associated with a so-called first, at the implant 1 maximum radial distance Ri of the outermost rib edges 13 of the longitudinal central axis A. In the longitudinal direction L on both sides of the rib group 7.1 is in each case a so-called. Second rib group 7.2 is arranged, each of which so-called. A second radial distance R _{2 of} the rib edges 13 is assigned by the longitudinal central axis A, which is smaller than the first radial distance Ri and greater than the radial Reference distance R is. The two so-called third rib groups 7.3, one of which lies on the side of the rib group 7.2 facing away from the rib group 7.1 in the longitudinal direction L, are each assigned a so-called third radial distance R3 of the radially outermost rib edges 13 from the longitudinal central axis A. In the example chosen, the radial distance Ri is greater than the radial distance R ₂ , the radial distance R ₂ is greater than the radial distance R3, and the radial distance R3 is greater than the radial distance Ro, which corresponds to the radial reference distance R. FIG. 5 shows that the ribs 6.0, 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 also have mutually different cross sections in a cross-sectional plane passing through the geometric longitudinal central axis A. The ribs 6.0 have a substantially triangular cross-section with rounded apex. In that the edge of this cross section facing the transition section 3 is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis A and the opposite If the inclined flank is inclined, the result is a substantially sawtooth-shaped cross-sectional profile with a rounded profile tip. The rib cross section of the ribs 6. 5 does not protrude laterally in the longitudinal direction L beyond the wide base 14 of the ribs 6. 5 which adjoins the core 5. For simplicity, the reference numeral 14 is also used for the base of the ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3, ie for all ribs, 6. Deviating from the ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 in the example in each case one (albeit different between the different groups) selected from the ribs 6.0 different cross section, starting from a subsequent to the core cross-section base 14 each in a elongated extension 15 tapers, which in a respectively at the free cross-sectional longitudinal end, ie at the radially outer rib edge 13, adjacent longitudinal section has approximately constant cross-sectional thickness. In this case, the reference number 15 is also used uniformly for the different rib groups 7 for a better overview. The longitudinal projection 15 extends not only in the radial direction r, but also toward its free longitudinal end 16 in the direction of the transition section 3. In the example chosen, the extensions 15 extend in a longitudinal direction, which encloses an acute angle of inclination of approximately 45 ° with the longitudinal center geometric axis A, which runs centrally through the core 5.

At the free longitudinal end of the anchoring section 2, the implant 1 comprises a foot end 18 tapering in cross-section to the free longitudinal end 17, which has a core 19. From this extend radially outward in the example four evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction U foot segments 20. Depending on a foot segment 20 is centrally located in the circumferential direction in each circumferential angle interval 12, again without filling this angular interval in the circumferential direction. Thus, in respect of the longitudinal direction L straight extension of each rib group 8 at one longitudinal end of a circumferential segment 10 of the transition section 3 and at the opposite longitudinal end of a foot segment 20 of the foot end 18 between adjacent rows of ribs 8, between adjacent circumferential segments 10 and between adjacent foot segments 20 extends in the longitudinal direction L straight through each one concave in its cross-section rounded groove 21, in which between adjacent ribs of some (not all) of the rib groups ever a stiffening projection 22 is embedded ,

At the transition portion 3, two diametrically opposed projections 23 are formed on the circumference thereof. Each protrusion 23 extends, starting from the core 9, between two adjacent peripheral segments 10 radially outwards beyond the surfaces 11. The radial distance R4 (see Figure 6) between the narrow, extending in the longitudinal direction L outer surface 24 and the longitudinal center axis A is greater than the radial reference distance R and in the example corresponds approximately to the radial distance Ri. The projections 23 have in one to the geometric longitudinal central axis A vertical cross-sectional plane of a wedge-shaped, radially outwardly tapered cross section and in a plane passing through the geometric longitudinal central axis A cross-sectional plane a cuboid cross-section.

In the example, the implant stump 4 is rotationally symmetrical overall with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis A. The implant stump 4 comprises two conical longitudinal sections 24, 25, of which the first longitudinal section 24 integrally adjoins the transition section 3 with its tapered longitudinal end 26, and of which the second conical longitudinal section 25 with its tapered longitudinal end 27 is integral with the extended longitudinal end 28 of the first length section 24 connects. The tapered longitudinal end 27 has a larger diameter than the tapered longitudinal end 26, and the extended longitudinal end 29 has a larger diameter than the extended longitudinal end 28. The extended longitudinal end 29 coincides with an extended longitudinal end 30 of a third conical longitudinal section 31, the tapered longitudinal end 32nd a free end face of the implant tats 1 forms. In absolute terms, the cone angle γ of the third conical longitudinal section 31 is greater than the cone angle α of the first conical longitudinal section 24 and this in turn is greater in magnitude than the cone angle ß of the second conical longitudinal section 25. The three conical longitudinal sections 24, 25 and 31 are with respect to geometric longitudinal central axis A of the implant 1 concentric.

As already mentioned, the figures show the implant 1 according to the invention in enlargement in accordance with the first preferred exemplary embodiment selected therefor. In the example chosen for FIGS. 1 to 6, ie, not necessary, in the longitudinal direction L (which runs parallel to the geometric longitudinal central axis A), the anchoring section 2 has a length of approximately 12 mm, the transition section 3 a length of approximately 2 mm, and FIG Implant stump 4 a length of about 12 mm. The radial distance Ro is about the same as the radial reference distance R in the example 1.45 mm, the radial distance Ri is 1.65 mm, the radial distance R ₂ is 1.85 mm, and the radial distance R3 is 2.05 mm, the Each of the diameters Do, D, Di, D ₂ and D3 assigned to these radial spacings amounts to twice this value. In the order of 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 and 7.0 of the rib groups, therefore, a change in the radius from rib group to rib group is realized. The diameter of the core 5, 9, 19 is 0.7 mm in the example. The radial distance R4 amounts to 2.05 mm. The length of the first conical longitudinal section 24 measured again in the longitudinal direction L is 4 mm in the example, the length of the second conical longitudinal section 25 is 6.5 mm, and the length of the third conical longitudinal section 31 is 1.5 mm. The expanded end section 28 of the first longitudinal section 24 has a diameter of 6 mm, the extended end section 29 of the second longitudinal section 25 has a diameter of 8 mm, and the tapered end section of the third conical section 31 has a diameter of 6 mm. It is understood, however, that all the abovementioned Measurements and size ratios were chosen only as examples and deviations are possible.

With reference to FIG. 7, the crestal implant 1 selected as an example is explained schematically how it can be adapted geometrically by a user to various anatomical conditions. Thus, for example, the extensions 15 of the ribs can be shortened at one or more of the rib groups 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 in order to thereby influence the maximum quasi-effective diameter occurring in the anchoring section 2. For example. If only the ribs 6.1 could be shortened so far that their radial distance corresponds to the radial distance R _{2 of} the adjacent ribs 6.2, so that then the maximum effective diameter of the anchoring portion 2 D ₂ would be. FIG. 7 shows by way of example that the extensions 15 of the ribs 6.1 and 6.2 can be shortened to such an extent that the radial spacing of the ribs 6.1 and 6.2 corresponds to the radial distance R3 of the adjacent ribs 6.3. It is understood that the extensions 15 of all ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 could be shortened, so that their radial distance of the rib edges then uniformly corresponds to the radial distance Ro and the radial reference distance R. The implant 1 can be adapted in this way to drill channels with different diameters. The projections 23 can be shortened as needed or removed altogether. If a further reduction in diameter should be desired, in addition, the ribs 6.0 can be shortened in the radial direction and possibly removed substantially or completely. Also in the longitudinal direction L, a geometric adjustment can take place. In particular, the implant 1 according to the invention can be shortened by separating implant parts to desired different lengths of various conventional implants. The implant 1, which in the example has a total length of 26 mm, can be shortened to, for example, 13 mm, so that it could be used, for example, in an available, for example, available alveolar crest depth of 8 mm. there For example, the implant could be buried in the bone at a depth of 8mm, and 5mm in length could extend out of the bone into the oral cavity to accommodate a crown. The implant 1 described as an example can be sunk between a depth of 8 mm and 21 mm at any height in the bone. The bone may have a width between 2.9 mm and 9 mm. The collar area can be reduced, for example, from 8 mm to 2.8 mm, without causing biomechanical disadvantages. With the further cut edges entered in FIG. 7, it is indicated that, if required, the foot end 18 can be cut off and / or the implant stump 4 can be shortened. By separating the foot part 18, the implant 1 can also be shortened in its basal area. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the implant 1 could also be shortened in the longitudinal direction L in its adjoining crestal region. For example. In addition, one or more of the adjoining the foot end 18 rib groups 7.0 could be separated with; If necessary, a separation of one or more of the rib groups 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 would be possible. From the foregoing description, it is clear that the implant 1 according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to achieve the average number of about ten implant variants, which are typically offered by suppliers of metal implants, compared with conventional implants by means of only a single implant 1 according to the invention, which meets the anatomical requirements. can be fitted to replace.

With reference to FIGS. 8 to 12, a possible application of the implant 1 according to the invention in accordance with the first preferred exemplary embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 is presented by way of example. FIG. 8 shows the implant 1 prior to insertion into a drill channel 34 prepared for this purpose in a jawbone 33. The gum is designated by 35, the comparatively harder bone margin by 36 and the comparatively softer, somewhat porous bone interior 37 by 37. The drilling channel 34 extends extending from its base in a length section of constant diameter d (cylinder bore 39) associated with the anchoring section 2, to a conically widening bore mouth 38 which in the example serves to receive the first conical longitudinal section 24. The contour of the bore mouth 38 and the cylinder bore 39 is pierced by two diametrically opposed slot-like recesses 40, which serve to receive the two projections 23. 41 designates a natural tooth present in the direction of view of FIG. 8 behind the treatment site. In the example chosen, the quasi-effective diameter Do associated with the ribs 6.0, as well as the reference diameter D, correspond to the diameter d of the drilling channel 34, so that the ribs 6.0 alone do not allow a firm axial anchoring. However, the effective diameter Di assigned to the ribs 6.1 or the rib group 7.1 is greater than the diameter d. The same applies, although to a lesser extent, for the diameters D ₂ and D3 of the ribs 6.2 and 6.3 or the rib groups 7.2 and 7.3.

FIG. 9 shows that, therefore, the ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 approach the core 5 in a spring-elastic manner when the implant 1 is knocked into the drill channel 34. In FIG. 10, the implant 1 has reached its final position in the jaw bone, and the ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 unfold gradually, without damaging bone cells by excessive pressure. Since the material of the implant 1 has the same elastic modulus as the surrounding bone, the bone dictates the rate of deployment. The unfolding ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 then prevent detachment of the implant 1 from the drill channel 34, so that no thread is required. The implant 1 is anchored dowel-like in the surrounding bone and effectively secured against axial withdrawal from the drill channel 34. The insertion or knocking of the implant 1 into the drill channel 34 takes place crestally, ie from the jaw comb. The implant 1 according to the invention differs in this respect from Implants inserted from the side or laterally in recesses in the jawbone. Since in the example the first conical longitudinal section was inserted into the jawbone 33, a desired aesthetic superstructure, for example a dental crown, can be fastened to the second conical longitudinal section 25.

FIG. 12 shows that for this purpose the previously conical longitudinal section 25 has been ground so that it now tapers in the longitudinal direction L, starting from the first conical longitudinal section 24. The fracture shows that a dental prosthesis 45 has been applied to and fixed to this now comparatively slimmer and inverted cone, which forms a prosthetic stump, where the dental prosthesis 45 is a crown, which is practically the shape of the adjacent teeth 41 corresponds. FIG. 13 shows a further preferred example of application of the implant 1 according to the invention. Differing from FIGS. 8 to 11, the second conical longitudinal section 25 has been separated on the implant 1. The remaining first conical longitudinal section 24 was not inserted into the jawbone 33, but protrudes beyond the alveolar ridge into the oral cavity. The first conical length portion 24 can therefore in this example for the assembly and attachment of serving as a dental prosthesis aesthetic

Superstructure, which is not shown in the drawing in Fig. 13, serve and are previously ground. With reference to FIGS. 14 to 17, an implant 1 according to the invention is presented according to a second preferred embodiment. To avoid repetition and to provide a better overview, details corresponding to the example of FIGS. 1 to 7 are given the same reference number. The first and second lengths 24,25 slightly deviate from a severe cone or truncated cone shape by being extended to the enlarged one Circumferential circumferential grooves 43 are each proceeding by providing on the first longitudinal section 24 three spaced circumferential grooves 42 and by extending the projections 23 in the longitudinal direction L into the region of the first longitudinal section 24. In this respect, the longitudinal sections 24, 25 but have a substantially conical shape. Another difference is that the third, essentially conical longitudinal section 31 in the longitudinal direction L is adjoined by a cross-sectionally hexagonal attachment 44, the longitudinal extent of which in the example amounts to 5 mm. This extension can serve in practice for receiving the implant 1 with a setting instrument, which represents a similar Allen mortar. After placing the implant in the bone, the attachment 44 may be cut off or used by the practitioner. A further departure from the example of FIGS. 1 to 7 is that in the fin groups 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 not all the ribs 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 at their radially outer rib edge 13 have a radial distance Ri, R ₂ , R3 from the geometrical Have longitudinal central axis A, which is greater than the radial reference distance R. In the example chosen, it is provided that, although each rib group 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 again has four ribs (also again uniformly denoted 6.1, 6.2, 6.3), of which, however, only two ribs 6.1 lying opposite each other on the core circumference per rib group , 6.2, 6.3 at its radially outer rib edge have a radial distance Ri, R ₂ , R3 of the geometric longitudinal central axis A, which is greater than the radial reference distance R, the two remaining ribs 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 at its radially outer rib edge 13 a Radial distance Rio, R20, R30 of the geometric longitudinal center axis A have, which corresponds to the reference distance R. Another deviation is that the edges 13 of ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3, which have an extension 15, do not run in the circumferential direction along a circular curve, but are flattened. The radial distances Rio, R20, R30 are related in the illustration to the middle of the ribs. In the example of FIGS. 1 to 7, the radial distance between the bottom of two opposing throats 21 in the longitudinal direction L was constant. constant. Instead, in the example of FIGS. 14 to 17, it is provided that this distance increases somewhat in the direction of the transition section 3. The design of the transition section 3 differs from the first embodiment. The two projections 23 are not located in a straight extension of the two grooves 21, but on the other hand have been offset by 45 ° in the circumferential direction, so that they extend through one of the circumferential segments 10 in the longitudinal direction L. The protrusions 23 may be shortened and / or weakened by a surgeon (depending on anatomical need), depending on the elastic need. In the ribbed groups 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, such ribs 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, to which the radial distance Rio, R20 or R30 is assigned (see FIG. 17), can correspond in cross-section, for example, to the ribs 6.0.

Fig. 18 shows a possible application example of the implant 1 according to the invention according to the preceding embodiments. The second length section 25 was separated and the first length section 24 ground to a prosthetic stump. At the opposite longitudinal end was an axial reduction by the core 5 was separated with all the rib groups located thereon 7.0, so that the implant 1 can also be used in a jaw cross section of lesser height. Correspondingly, in FIG. 18, the implant 1 is inserted into the jawbone 33 at a lesser depth than in the preceding figures.

In the example of Figures 14 to 17, the dental implant 1 is made entirely of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). After the initially pure shaping production of the dental implant 1, therefore, its surface, designated as a whole by 57 in FIG. 1, initially also has the known inert or reaction-resistant properties of this thermoplastic material. First of all, starting from such a dental implant 1 or a dental implant raw material, respectively, during the post-processing or for the production of the dental prosthesis in FIG. Dental implants 1 of the entire surface 57 have prepared only the surface areas 46, 47, 48, 49 and 50 (either industrially or by a dentist) to locally modify each at least one surface property. This will be explained in more detail below by means of individual examples.

The surface area 46 comprises the entire surface of the ribbed dental implant region 46 'in the anchoring section 2. Only there was the surface activated by means of a plasma treatment using, for example, helium or argon (a mixture with nitrogen may also be suitable). In this treatment, ions are dissolved out of the polyetheretherketone so that free radicals are formed which facilitate the addition of, in particular, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen ions, ie. H. increase surface retentivity, ultimately allowing easier attachment of extracellular matrix proteins to the tissue and improving tissue adherence.

The surface area 47 is assigned to one of the teeth 6 as a dental implant region 47 'and, with comparatively smaller dimensions, thus lies within the surface area 46. The round surface area 47 was first formed by means of a through bore passing through the rib 6 and thus mechanically prepared. In this passage opening 55 a matching in shape and size substance particle was pressed from hydroxyapatite so that it is held in a non-positive. The substance contained in the substance 51 is thereby deposited on the surface of the dental implant which has been locally changed in shape, the substance particle itself also forming a surface resulting from the preparation. The surface resulting from the preparation of the surface region 47, which is located on the substance grain 51, has a surface retentivity deviating from polyether ether ketone. The surface area 48 is located on another tooth 6 and has a polygonal contour. Therein a certain amount of heated nanoparticles 52 from the substance chosen for the preparation was pressed against the rib 6 with a hot spatula. The nano-particles of the substance were firmly attached to the depression or pore 56 melted into the thermoplastic polyether ether ketone.

The surface area 49 is located on one of each of the projections 20 formed dental implant region 49 '. The surface area 49 was first mechanically prepared by punching out a rectangular window as a continuous recess 53 therefrom. Therein, in a subsequent preparation step, a chip 54 of appropriate size was pressed in, which contains a substance with an active substance advantageous for this dental implant region 49 '. The surface of the chip resulting from the preparation has different surface properties from PEEK.

The surface area 50 comprises the circumferential surface of the first conical length portion 24 from the transition portion 3 to about half the length. The dental implant region 38 'is thus part of the first conical length portion 24. The surface area 50 may typically be in the area of the gum and mucosa after insertion of the dental implant into the jaw. The surface area 50 was therefore passivated in the chosen example by means of cold ionizing cold plasma at atmospheric pressure with a gas suitable for passivation in order to negate the surface. This can be achieved by splitting off H + ions from polyether ether ketone so that an excess of O ^H ions remains on the surface. The resulting thus from the preparation surface has different surface properties than the pure implant material. Alternatively, it may occur in a preparation resulting from a preparation. surface, for example, to act on the surface of a coat formed from a substance on the dental implant. For the addition of liquid and / or solid and / or gaseous substances are particularly suitable. Also, the surface resulting from a preparation may, for example, be a surface of PEEK itself, which has been roughened during the preparation. Thus, in the example, a plurality of surface areas of the dental implant 1 have been prepared in a divergent manner so that the surface retentivity of the respective surfaces thereof differs both from each other and each from the original surface retentivity of their associated surface area.

It is understood that numerous other options exist for the preparation of surface areas. As already mentioned, the projections 23 can not only be shortened by a surgeon (depending on anatomical necessity), or weakened (depending on the elastic necessity), but they can also be provided with openings by punching or milling by means of a mechanical preparation and then allow the insertion or welding of substances that are advantageous for healing in the bone or accelerate these (for example, bone formation factors, bone morphogenetics protein, platelet-rich plasma, minerals in the form of beta-tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatites) and / or of Antiseptics / antibiotics, in particular for the prevention of infections during bone healing. Openings, such as "pores", may be introduced into a material, such as polyetheretherketone, at those sites for incorporation of substances or for impregnation with substances where appropriate. For example, antiseptics can be deposited in the so-called collar region or transition section 3, minerals and / or bone formation factors on the projections 23 and / or ribs 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and / or platelet-rich plasma in the region of the ribs. All disclosed features are essential to the invention. The disclosure of the associated / attached priority documents (copy of the prior application) is hereby also incorporated in full in the disclosure of the application, also for the purpose of including features of these documents in claims of the present application. The subclaims characterize in their optional sibling version independent inventive development of the prior art, in particular to make on the basis of these claims divisional applications.

Claims

1. Crestal implant (1), comprising an elongated, in one

Longitudinally (L) extending anchoring portion (2), an implant stump (4) and a transition portion (3) between the anchoring portion (2) and the implant stump (4), wherein the anchoring portion (2) has an elongated core (5), from which in the longitudinal direction (L) and in the circumferential direction (U) distributed multiple ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) go out, wherein the ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) rib groups (7, 7.0, 7.1 , 7.2, 7.3) which each comprise a plurality of ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) distributed on a common core cross-section at the core circumference, one or more surfaces (11) being provided on the transition section (3) or are, in the circumferential direction (U) extend at least approximately in sections at a radial reference distance (R) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (L), and wherein the implant (1) comprises plastic, in particular made of plastic, characterized in that one or several ribs engruppen (7.0) are provided, in which, in particular, all the ribs (6.0) of the radially outer rib edge (13) along its entire or partial extent only a radial distance (Ro) from the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) of the implant (1), which corresponds to or approximately corresponds to the radial reference distance (R) and that one or more groups of ribs (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) are provided, within which of their ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) only a number of parts, ie. H. not all

Ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), in particular only two mutually on the core circumference opposite ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), or within those of the ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) all ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) at its radially outer edge of the rib (13) along its entire or only partial circumferential extent a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3) from the geometric see longitudinal central axis (A), which is greater than the radial reference distance (R).

Implant (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rib groups (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) each have a plurality, in particular four, ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), of which each rib group only a total of two, mutually opposite to the core circumference Ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) at its radially outer rib edge (13) along its entire or only partial circumferential extent a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3) from the geometric longitudinal central axis (A), which is greater than the radial reference distance (R ), and of which the remaining ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) have at their radially outer rib edge (13) along its entire or only partial circumferential extent a radial distance (Rio, R20, R30) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (A), corresponds to the reference distance (R) or approximately corresponds.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition section (3) has a core (9), starting radially outward extending a plurality of circumferentially distributed circumferential segments (10) extend whose radially outer Surfaces (11) extend in the radial reference distance (R) from the longitudinal geometric center axis (A) in the circumferential direction (U) and in the longitudinal direction (L) along an imaginary cylindrical envelope surface.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radially outermost rib edge (13) of ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) along imaginary, to the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) concentric circular lines extends , Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of rib groups (7.1, 7.2, 7.3), within which only a single or all ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3 ) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) is greater than the radial reference distance (R), are arranged successively in the longitudinal direction (L).

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that rib groups (7.1, 7.2, 7.3), within which only a single or all ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3 ) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) is greater than the radial reference distance (R), from rib group (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) to rib group (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) from each other in this radial distance (Ri , R ₂ , R ₃ ) differ.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a sequence of a plurality of rib groups (7.1, 7.2, 7.3), within which only a single or all ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R ₃ ) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) is greater than the radial reference distance (R), at least one so-called first rib group (7.1) is such a so-called first, maximum radial distance (Ri). the rib edges (13) of the longitudinal central axis (A) is assigned and that in the longitudinal direction (L) on one or both sides of the first rib group (7.1) one or more so-called. Second rib groups (7.2) are arranged, the one or more such so-called second radial distance (R ₂ ) of the rib edges (13) from the longitudinal central axis (A) which is smaller than the first radial distance (Ri) and greater than the radial reference distance (R).

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a sequence of a plurality of rib groups (7.1, 7.2, 7.3), within which only a single or all ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R ₃ ) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) is greater than the radial reference distance (R), between at least one so-called second rib group (7.2), which the second radial distance (R ₂ ) of Rib edges (13) of the longitudinal central axis (A) is assigned, and at least one rib group (7.0), which is associated with all the ribs of the radial reference distance (R) of the rib edges (13) from the longitudinal central axis (A), at least a so-called. Third Rippengruppe (7.3) is arranged, which is associated with a so-called. Third radial distance (R3) of the longitudinal central axis (A), which is smaller than the second radial distance (R ₂ ) from the longitudinal central axis (A) and larger than the radial reference distance (R) from the longitudinal central axis (A).

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that viewed in the longitudinal direction (L) on both sides of a series of several groups of ribs (7.1, 7.2, 7.3), within which only single or all ribs (6.1, 6.2 , 6.3) a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) is greater than the radial reference distance (R), one or more rib groups (7.0) are arranged, in whose a radial distance (Ro) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) of the implant (1) corresponds to the radial reference distance (R) or approximately corresponds to each of the ribs (6.0). Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that ribs (6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3), their radial distance (Ro, Rio, R20, R30) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) at least approximately corresponding to the radial reference distance (R), have a substantially triangular cross section in a cross-sectional plane passing through the geometric longitudinal central axis (A).

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), the radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) greater than the radial reference distance (R), have in a through the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) extending cross-sectional plane a cross-section, which tapers from an adjoining the core cross-section base (14) in an elongated extension (15), in particular provided is that the extension (15) has at least lengthwise approximately constant cross-sectional thickness.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elongate extension (15) is oriented towards its free longitudinal end (16) with respect to the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) inclined towards the implant stump (4).

Implant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) are arranged in a plurality of rows of ribs (8), each rib row (8) each having a plurality, on the core (5) in its Distributed longitudinally (L) and within a mutually equal circumferential angle interval (12) on Core circumference arranged ribs 6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3), wherein it is provided in particular that each one circumferential segment (10) of the transition section (3) within a respective circumferential angle interval (12) which is associated with one of the rib rows (8) , extends.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the implant (1) comprises a foot end (18) tapering in cross section to the free longitudinal end (17) and having a core (19) of which extending radially outwardly a plurality of circumferentially (U) arranged distributed foot segments (20), wherein it is provided in particular that each foot segment (20) within each of a circumferential angle interval (12) extending one of the rows of ribs (8) associated Circumferential angle interval (12).

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that between adjacent ribs rows (8), in particular between adjacent circumferential segments (10) and adjacent foot segments (20) in the longitudinal direction (L) a concave rounded throat (21) extends, in each of which at least a few rib groups between adjacent ribs a stiffening projection (22) is embedded.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the implant (1) is made in one piece.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the implant is wholly or predominantly made of plastic, in particular of or based on polyamide o- the polyether ketone, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or polyoxymethylene (eg Delrin) or the like.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the transition section (3) between surfaces (11) in the circumferential direction (U) at least circumferentially in the radial reference distance (R) from the geometric longitudinal central axis (A ), one or more, in particular two circumferentially diametrically opposed, projections (23) are formed, which extend radially outward, wherein the radial distance (R4) between the outer surface (24) of the projections (23) and the longitudinal central axis ( A) is greater than the radial reference distance (R) and wherein it is provided in particular that the projections (23) in a direction transverse to the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) cross-sectional plane a wedge-shaped, radially outwardly tapered cross section and in a longitudinal axis by the geometric ( A) extending cross-sectional plane have a cuboid cross-section.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the implant stump (4) is rotationally symmetrical.

Implant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first surface region (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of a dental implant region (46 ', 47', 48 ', 49', 50 '), the implant material of polyetheretherketone or at least a second surface area (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of a dental implant region (46 ', 47', 48 ', 49', 50 ') whose implant material consists of polyetheretherketone or at least P lyetheretherketone, each being prepared by means of mechanical and / or physical and / or chemical action, so that the surface retentivity of the surface resulting from the preparation of the first surface region differs, at least in some areas, from the surface retentivity of the surface resulting from the preparation of the second surface region, and the surface retentivity of the surfaces resulting from the preparation at least in some areas differs from the surface retentivity of their respectively associated surface area (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) prior to preparation.

An implant according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first surface area (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) and the second surface area (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) are spaced from each other on the dental implant (1) are.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at one or both of the at least two surface regions (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of the dental implant (1) an addition of at least one organic substance and / or of at least one inorganic substance, which is in particular a mineral substance, is present.

Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substance in a cavity or in a recess (53), in particular in a through hole (55) and / or in one or more to the implant outside open recesses or Pores (56) is deposited. Implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or both of these at least two surface regions (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of the dental implant (1) by means of ionizing plasma treatment, in particular by means of ionizing cold plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure, is prepared or are.

Method for processing a crestal implant (1), characterized in that an implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 24 is provided and that the implant (1) is shortened at one or more points in the longitudinal direction (L) and / or its ribs (6) and / or its projections (23) are processed.

Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shortening in the longitudinal direction (L) by means of separation of implant parts, in particular in the basal and / or crestalen area, wherein it is provided in particular that the foot end (18) is separated and / or that the core (9) is severed to separate from one or more groups of ribs (7) and / or that one or both conical lengths (24, 25) are severed and / or ground.

27. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), in each case a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3) between the outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A ) greater than the radial reference distance (R), be removed from their free longitudinal ends or edges ago and / or shortened, in particular for the purpose, the implant (1) to the diameter of a Bohrkanals in a jaw adapt.

Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projections (23) are shortened and / or weakened or removed, in particular by the projections (23) being removed or cut off by means of a cutting instrument.

Method for processing an implant (1), characterized in that an implant (1) according to one or more of claims 1 to 19 is provided, in that a first surface region (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of a dental implant region (46 '; , 47 ', 48', 49 ', 50'), the implant material of which consists of polyetheretherketone or at least polyetheretherketone, and at least one second surface region (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of a dental implant region (46 ', 47 ', 48', 49 ', 50'), whose implant material consists of polyetheretherketone or at least polyetheretherketone, in each case by means of mechanical and / or physical and / or chemical action is prepared, so that the surface retentivity of the preparation of the first surface area resulting surface at least partially different from the surface retentivity resulting from the preparation of the second surface area surface and si At least in some areas, the surface retentivity of the surfaces resulting from the preparation differs from the surface retentivity of the respectively associated surface area prior to preparation.

30. Method according to claim 29, characterized in that at least one organic substance is attached to one or both of these at least two surface regions (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of the dental implant (1). and / or that at least one inorganic substance is deposited on one or both of these at least two surface regions (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of the dental implant (1), a mineral substance being used as the inorganic substance.

Method according to one or more of the preceding claims 29 to 30, characterized in that the substance in at least one cavity or in at least one recess, in particular in at least one passage opening and / or in one or more to the implant outside open towards recesses or pores, is attached.

Method according to one or more of the preceding claims 29 to 31, characterized in that one or both of the at least two surface regions (46, 47, 48, 49, 50) of the dental implant (1) by plasma treatment, in particular by means of ionizing cold plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure treated becomes.