EP2654602A1

EP2654602A1 - Dental implant

Info

Publication number: EP2654602A1
Application number: EP11802921.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frank-Peter Spahn
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-12-20
Filing date: 2011-12-20
Publication date: 2013-10-30
Also published as: AR087936A1; TW201236652A; DE202010013169U1; WO2012084911A1; EA201390938A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a dental implant (1), in particular a crestal dental implant (1), comprising an elongated anchoring section (2) extending in a longitudinal direction (L), an implant stump (4), and a transition section (3) between the anchoring section (2) and the implant stump (4), wherein the dental implant (1) comprises plastic, in particular is made of plastic, and proposes for advantageous development that the implant stump (4) has at least two conical or substantially conical length sections (24, 25), of which a first conical or substantially conical length section (24) is connected, in particular integrally, at a tapered longitudinal end (26) thereof to the transition section (3), and of which a second conical or substantially conical length section (25) is connected, in particular integrally, at a tapered longitudinal end (27) thereof to the extended longitudinal end (28) of the first conical or substantially conical length section (24).

Description

dental implant

The present invention relates to a dental implant for the jaw region, preferably a crestal dental implant, comprising an elongate, longitudinally extending anchoring portion, an implant stump and a transition portion between the anchoring portion and the implant stump, the dental implant comprising plastic and preferably made of plastic. The dental implants in question in the context of the invention serve as an artificial tooth root, which a dentist or surgeon can anchor in the bone of the upper or lower jaw and on whose protruding from the jawbone implant stump a denture or the like can be anchored. Such implants are therefore commonly referred to as dental implants or occasionally referred to their location as jaw implants. In the context of the description of the invention is spoken in the explanatory sense of dental implant, but you could choose as a designation implant as a carrier for anchoring dentures. The implant stump is also referred to in the literature as an abutment. In this connection, various implant types are known in the prior art. Metallic crestal implants, the actual classical implants in a kind of tooth root form, have at their anchoring portion a thread (or two threads with different threads to achieve a kind of compression), with which they are screwed into the bone. The force transmission in such implants occurs crestally or in the so-called collar area, which adjoins the threaded area. Since the jawbone bends at the mouth opening and bite and the collar area changes with it, the healing time for classic implants is problematic. But even later, it can lead to detachment of the bone material from the implant, since the metal used conventionally for implants, the internal movements of the jawbone can not recreate. So far, industrial attempts have been made to eliminate this problem by various surface treatments and compressive surface design. In addition, it comes as a difficulty that implants are needed for different anatomical conditions. There are therefore a large number of suppliers on the market, each of which offers a variety of implants (often at least five types, but also up to thirty or forty different types) in different sizes and with different surfaces and different prosthetic abutment parts. The prosthetic abutment parts are also important differences in the providers, since the problem of

The passage of the mucous membrane of the implant and the connection of the dental crown applied to it can be solved differently and must be solved individually. Conventionally, therefore, a larger number of auxiliary parts (eg. About forty auxiliary parts) is required per implant system, which should enable the dentist to find the best aesthetic and functional solution. This is necessary because in the conventional crestal screw implants with metal, preferably with titanium, is used, which may not be edited and changed by the dentist, otherwise the crystalline structure of the material could be damaged and corrosion could occur.

Against this background, the object of the invention is to advantageously develop a generic implant so that, in particular, one or more of the aforementioned restrictions can be avoided as far as possible.

The object is achieved according to the invention initially and essentially in conjunction with the features that the implant stump has at least two conical or substantially conical longitudinal sections, of which a first conical or substantially conical longitudinal section with its comparatively tapered longitudinal end, preferably in one piece the Transition section adjoins, and of which a second conical or substantially conical longitudinal section with its comparatively tapered longitudinal end, preferably in one piece, connects to the extended longitudinal end of the first conical or substantially conical length section. Depending on the anatomical conditions, the two conical or substantially conical longitudinal sections can either serve both for mounting dental prostheses, such as, for example, a dental crown, a dental bridge or the like. The formulation conical or substantially conical indicates that there may be some deviations from an ideal conical or truncated conformation. For example. the longitudinal sections may have circumferential rounded portions at their longitudinal ends and / or circumferential grooves or webs may be present on the lateral surface. Since the entire length sections, such as the entire implant, are made of plastic or at least on a synthetic basis, they can be suitably changed in their shape to suit the individual tooth replacement as required, for example, by grinding with rotating instruments. Depending on the specific requirements, it is also possible, for example, to completely separate the so-called second conical or essentially conical length section and to fix the denture only on the so-called first conical or essentially conical longitudinal section. It is understood that the implant stump could be shortened in the longitudinal direction as needed elsewhere. It is also possible to design the said lengths in the radial or circumferential direction as needed. The versatility of the implant according to the invention is increased by the fact that, depending on the anatomical conditions, the first-mentioned longitudinal section can also be embedded in the jawbone in a correspondingly widening mouth of the drilling channel and thus contribute to the stabilization of the implant in the bone. In this case, the dentures could be mounted on the second mentioned length section. In the case of the implant according to the invention, an embodiment may be preferred as crestal Dental Implant or as a basal implant, serve to the jaw anchoring transverse to the implant longitudinal axis oriented plates, be selected.

For the preferred development, there are numerous other possibilities. In particular, it is envisaged that the two mentioned longitudinal sections are formed concentrically to the geometric longitudinal central axis. It is also preferred that the tapered longitudinal end of the second longitudinal section is larger in diameter than the tapered longitudinal end of the first longitudinal section and / or the extended longitudinal end of the second longitudinal section in diameter greater than the extended longitudinal end of the first longitudinal section. Preferably, the cross-sectionally extended longitudinal end of the first conical or essentially conical longitudinal section is larger in diameter than the longitudinal end, tapered in cross-section, of the second conical or essentially conical longitudinal section. There is also the possibility that the comparatively extended longitudinal end of the second longitudinal section adjoins a comparatively extended longitudinal end of a third conical or substantially conical longitudinal section and the tapered longitudinal end of the third longitudinal section forms an implant front side or, in particular in one piece, with a longitudinally extending section Attachment is connected, which has a polygonal, for example. Hexagonal, cross-section. In a preferred embodiment, the cone angle of the first-mentioned longitudinal section is greater in magnitude than the cone angle of the second-mentioned longitudinal section and is preferably smaller in magnitude than the cone angle of the third-mentioned longitudinal section. It is considered appropriate that the implant is made in one piece. In the as

Material considered plastic may preferably be a plastic or based on polyamide or polyether ketone, such as, for example, polyetheretherketone, or of or based on polyoxymethylene (eg Delrin) or the like. Especially with a plastic made of or on the basis of or from polyetheretherketone can be a elasticity achieve the modulus of elasticity of jawbone, or at least similar.

Preferably, it is also provided that the anchoring section has a longitudinal core, from which extend in the longitudinal direction and in the circumferential direction a plurality of ribs, wherein the ribs form rib groups, each having a plurality of distributed on a common core cross-section on the core circumference arranged ribs, wherein one or more surfaces is or are provided in the transition section, which extend in the circumferential direction at least in the circumferential direction at a radial reference distance from the geometric longitudinal central axis. In this context, it is further preferred that one or more groups of ribs are provided, in whose all ribs the radially outer rib edge along its entire or only partial circumferential extent has a radial distance from the geometric longitudinal central axis of the dental implant which corresponds to or approximately corresponds to the radial reference distance , and that one or more groups of ribs are provided, within which only a few ribs, preferably only two ribs opposite each other on the core circumference, or of their ribs at their radially outer rib edge along its entire or only partial circumferential extent a radial distance of have the geometric longitudinal central axis which is greater than the radial reference distance. Such an implant or dental implant allows, in particular with regard to the special rib arrangement and education as well as with regard to its plastic-based production advantageous that the implant from a single base design and size of the attending physician before use in the anchoring portion basal and / or crestal can be adapted to different anatomical conditions. In particular, there is the possibility of shortening the dental implant as required at one or more points in the longitudinal direction and / or processing the ribs thereof, in particular shorten particular to be able to adjust the anchoring portion in the radial direction or in its width of holes in the jawbone with different diameters. Instead of a larger number of conventional implants, wherein a number of about five to forty may be considered typical, only one implant according to the invention is required, which in this preferred embodiment is also cut or removed in the basal and / or crestal region can, wherein a reduction in the longitudinal direction in the region of the anchoring portion only requires the cutting of the core with its comparatively smaller cross section between the longitudinally spaced from each other from the core rib groups. The width or the effective implant cross-section determined by the outer rib edges, in particular the diameter of an imaginary circular curve concentric with the geometric longitudinal center axis, from which the outer rib edges of a rib group are delimited, can be changed by preferably ribs, each having a radial distance between them the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis is greater than the radial reference distance, are removed as required from their free longitudinal ends or edges ago. Further preferred embodiments will be discussed later.

Preferably, the dental implant according to the invention, as also described below, be trained and further developed in such a way that a dowel-like shape and operation results. In view of the fact that the implant comprises plastic or consists of plastic, it is advantageously possible to select the implant material such that it has virtually the same modulus of elasticity as jawbone. Preferably, the implant can be made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or of a mixture of different polyetheretherketones, which can achieve practically the same elastic modulus as that of jawbone. This raises the problems of conventional metal implants in the crestal collar area not, because the bone does not move away from the implant during bending, but the denture bends in the same way. Due to the production of the plastic-based or plastic implant, the connection to the prosthetics also poses no problems, since the crestal end of the dental implant protruding after installation from the mucous membrane may be ground like a tooth with a rotating instrument according to requirements. Metallurgical problems, such as corrosion, are excluded because no metal is incorporated. On the one hand, an implant is supposed to transmit power, but on the other hand, it can not detach itself from the bone. In conventional metallic implant bodies, this is achieved by means of threads which carry these implants and which are to be precut in the bone, which is not homogeneous, and then approximately coincide. On the other hand, in the case of the implant according to the invention, which, depending on the selected embodiment, can also be referred to as a so-called P-CIS implant, the force can be transmitted through the ribs formed without pitch angles and preferably over the conical collar region. Because, unlike metal, the material polyetheretherketone (PEEK) deforms when it encounters hard edges, the holes in the jaw can be made slightly narrower to prepare for implantation into the jawbone than the surface of the dental implant requires for the insertion procedure. The implant can be tapped into such a hole, whereby the ribs create something springy. At the final location, the feathers will then unfold again without damaging bone cells due to excessive pressure, since the same or practically the same modulus of elasticity exists and thus the bone predetermines the rate of unfolding of the ribs. The ribs then prevent detachment from the drill channel, so that no thread is necessary. Thus, the anchoring section with the ribs can serve for anchoring the dental implant in the jawbone and, together with the transition section and, depending on the anatomical conditions, possibly also with a section of the implant stump, the resulting transferred to the loads, including a certain proportion of the implant stump can be used in the jawbone if necessary. Conventionally, the collar section is the transition section and, depending on the design, the implant stump (or a part thereof).

It is preferably provided that a core cross section, at the core circumference of which the ribs of a rib group are arranged, is in each case a plane and perpendicular to the geometric longitudinal center axis, and that the outer rib edges of a group of ribs in the circumferential direction in a common, perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis cross section run. This means that the ribs have no pitch and thus do not form a thread. With regard to the present instead of dowel-like mode of action, in which ribs in the bore initially apply to the core and then unfold again and wedge the implant so in the drill channel, is also considered an advantage that the desired anchorage in different rotational positions of the dental implant can be achieved around its geometric longitudinal central axis.

With regard to the transition section, it is preferred that it has a core from which extends radially outwardly a plurality of circumferentially distributed and spaced apart circumferentially extending segments whose radially outer surfaces at the radial reference distance from the longitudinal geometrical center axis in the circumferential direction and in Extend longitudinally along an imaginary cylindrical envelope surface. With respect to the anchoring portion, there is a possibility that the radially outermost rib edge of at least some of the ribs belonging to a same rib group extends along an imaginary circular line concentric with the longitudinal geometrical center axis. The outermost rib edge then has a constant radial distance from it along a circumferential direction running around the geometric longitudinal center axis. It is considered appropriate that a plurality of rib groups, within which at least some of the ribs each have a radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal central axis, which is greater than the radial reference distance, are arranged consecutively in the longitudinal direction, ie without longitudinally intermediate rib groups , in the case of which all of the ribs each have the radial distance between the radially outermost rib edge and the geometric longitudinal center axis of the implant corresponds to or approximately corresponds to the radial reference distance. A preferred embodiment is also seen in that ribs are arranged in a plurality of rows of ribs, each rib row each having a plurality of distributed on the core in the longitudinal direction and in a mutually equal circumferential angular interval arranged on the core circumference ribs, wherein it is preferably provided that depending also a circumferential segment of the transition section extends within each one circumferential angle interval associated with one of the rows of ribs. For example, four rows of ribs may be present distributed on the circumference, so that two rows of ribs each lie diametrically opposite to the circumference of the core. With respect to the respective two side edges of the ribs, there is the possibility that they are parallel or approximately parallel to one another, so that the ribs have a substantially identical rib width from the core to their radially outermost rib edge. It is preferable that the rib width gradually gradually decreases from the core to the radially outermost rib edge. It is also preferable that the ribs belonging to a respective row of ribs are aligned with each other with respect to their side edges from rib to rib. This is accompanied by the fact that the radially outermost rib edge of ribs with a comparatively larger radial distance from the geometric longitudinal central axis extends in the circumferential direction over a comparatively smaller circumferential angle within the circumferential angular interval. For example, rib edges whose radial distance from the geometric longitudinal central axis can be approximately equal to the radial reference within a circumferential angular interval which, for example, spans a quarter circumference (90 degrees), extends over a circumferential angle of about 45 °, while outer rib edges of other rib groups with comparatively greater radial distance within the same circumferential angle interval have a correspondingly smaller circumferential angle extend.

In order to be able to easily insert the dental implant into the drill channel, there is the possibility that the dental implant comprises a foot end that tapers in cross section to the free longitudinal end of the anchoring section and has a core from which several radially outwards, in the circumferential direction distributed and spaced from each other arranged foot segments extend, wherein it is preferably provided that each foot segment extends within a respective circumferential angular interval, which corresponds to one of the rows of ribs associated circumferential angular interval. There is the possibility that a concavely rounded groove extends between adjacent rows of ribs, between adjacent circumferential segments and adjacent leg segments, in particular in the longitudinal direction, it being preferably provided that at some of the rib groups into the between adjacent ribs each a stiffening projection is embedded in the channel.

Both with regard to ease of manufacture and to a desired flexible adaptability to anatomical conditions, it is preferred that the implant is produced in one piece. As already mentioned, plastic is preferred as the material, in particular a material of or based on polyamide or polyether ketone, such as preferably of polyether ether ketone (PEEK), or of polyoxymethylene (eg Delrin) or the like. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in particular can be adapted to the modulus of elasticity of the jawbone with regard to its modulus of elasticity. In order to avoid unwanted rotation of the implant about its longitudinal central axis, there is the possibility that one or more, preferably two, of each other at the transition portion between surfaces extending in the circumferential direction at least umfängababschnittweise in the radial reference distance from the geometric longitudinal central axis Projection are formed diametrically opposite projections, which extend radially outward beyond these surfaces or the radial reference distance, in particular up to the implant at the maximum radial distance between rib edges and the longitudinal central axis, wherein it is preferably provided that the projections in one have a wedge-shaped, radially outwardly tapered cross section and in a plane passing through the geometric longitudinal central axis cross-sectional plane of a cuboid cross-section to the geometric longitudinal central axis. The projections, which cause an anti-rotation effect, can also be shortened or completely removed according to the individual needs, for which the projections, for example, by means of a cutting instrument (eg. Knife) separated or, for example, could be removed. With regard to the implant stump, it is preferable for it to be rotationally symmetrical and, in particular, concentric to the geometric longitudinal central axis.

The invention will be further described below with reference to the attached figures, which show preferred embodiments of the dental implant according to the invention. It shows:

1 is a perspective view of an inventive dental implant according to a first embodiment, in magnification; Figure 2 is an end view of the foot in the direction II according to FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows a side view in the viewing direction III according to FIG. 2; FIG. a side view in the viewing direction IV of FIG. 2; a sectional view along sectional plane V - V of Figure 2, limited to the anchoring portion and the transition portion.

6 is a sectional view along section line VI - VI of Figure 2, also limited to the anchoring portion and the transition section.

7 shows a side view of the implant according to FIGS. 1 to 6, wherein different possibilities for shortening the implant are shown by way of example by means of separating lines;

8 shows a sectional view of an implant according to FIGS. 1 to 7 in an exemplary application prior to installation in a jawbone;

9 shows the representation of a later time shortly after the crestal insertion of the implant into the drill channel;

FIG. 10 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 9 at a later time; FIG.

11 is a sectional view along section line XI - XI of FIG. 10;

12 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 10, however, after the implant stump has been ground and after a dental crown has been secured to the ground tooth stump; 13 is a second preferred application example of an implant according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment, prior to the assembly of dental prostheses, Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a dental implant according to the invention according to a second preferred embodiment,

15 shows an end view of the foot end in the viewing direction XV according to FIG. 14, FIG. 16 shows a sectional view along section line XVI-XVI from FIG. 15, limited to the anchoring section and onto the transition section;

, 17 is a sectional view along section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 15, also limited to the anchoring portion and the transition portion and a possible application example of the dental implant according to the invention according to the second preferred embodiment. A dental implant 1 according to the invention in accordance with a first preferred exemplary embodiment is first presented with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. The implant 1 shown is made as a whole in one piece from the plastic polyether ether ketone (PEEK) whose modulus of elasticity corresponds approximately to the modulus of elasticity of jaw bone material. The dental implant 1 comprises an anchoring section 2 extending in its longitudinal direction L or along its longitudinal geometric central axis A, with which the dental implant 1 can be inserted crestally, ie from the alveolar ridge, into the bore channel of a jawbone and anchored therein, so that the dental implant 1 is held in the longitudinal direction L and can withstand the loads occurring. Furthermore, the dental implant 1 comprises a in Longitudinal direction L to the anchoring section 2 subsequent transition section 3, which in turn in the longitudinal direction L an implant stump

4 connects. The anchoring section 2 has an elongate core 5. From this go numerous ribs, initially denoted uniformly by the reference numeral 6. As illustrated in particular FIG. 1, the ribs 6 are arranged distributed in the longitudinal direction L and in a circumferential direction U running around the geometric longitudinal central axis A at the anchoring section. The connection cross-sections of the ribs 6 on the core 5 (compare the base 14) are approximately equidistant from one another in the longitudinal direction L and in the circumferential direction U. Ribs 6, which are distributed along a perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis A, in itself planar geometric core cross section at the core circumference in the circumferential direction U, are initially also uniformly referred to as rib group 7, the group meaning of the reference numeral 7 in Figure 5 through the use of Brackets is indicated. On the other hand, ribs 6, which are arranged on the core 5 in mutually equal circumferential angular position, but in the longitudinal direction L one behind the other, together referred to as rib series 8, which is indicated by corresponding brackets in Figure 2. Accordingly, in the example, four rows of ribs 8 are present. Starting from the core 5, the ribs 6 extend in the radial direction r, i. radially outward. Also, the transition section 3 comprises a core 9 extending in straight extension from the core

5 extends. Starting from the core 9 extending radially outward in the example, four, distributed in the circumferential direction U and spaced from each other arranged circumferential segments 10, the radially outer surfaces 11 at a radial reference distance R from the geometric longitudinal central axis A and thereby in the circumferential direction U and in the longitudinal direction L extend along an imaginary cylindrical envelope surface. The four circumferential segments 10 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction U and are centered in each one of the four marked in Figure 2, each having a circumferential angle of 90 ° spanning circumferential angular intervals 12, without filling these intervals. Thus are ever two surfaces 11 diametrically opposite each other on the circumference of the core 9, so that the transition section 3 there has virtually an effective reference diameter D. In the application of the implant, for example, this diameter may be equal to or slightly smaller than the diameter of a drill, by means of which a drilling channel crestal, ie from the alveolar ridge, is drilled into a jawbone to match the implant.

Figure 5 shows that the implant 1 in the example has a total of five groups of ribs 7.0, in all their ribs 6.0 each of the radial distance Ro between the radially outermost rib edge 13 (the reference numeral 13 is used uniformly for the rib edges of all other ribs 6) and the geometric longitudinal center axis A of the dental implant 1 corresponds to the radial reference distance R. In addition, rib groups 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 are provided, in which in the example all ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 each have a radial distance Ri, R ₂ and R3 between the radially outermost rib edge 13 and the geometric longitudinal central axis A is greater than the radial reference distance R. , The term radial distance denotes the radial distance, ie the distance in the radial direction r from the geometric longitudinal center axis A. The radial reference distance is the radial distance or the distance in the radial direction of the surfaces 11 from the geometric longitudinal center axis A. As FIG. 8 illustrates all ribs uniformly designated by the reference numeral 6 and in addition to the distinction from each other with one of the reference numerals 6.0, 6.1, 6.2 or 6.3. Accordingly, this applies to the rib groups 7 and the different reference numerals 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 (see FIG. 5) and to the radial distances R or Ro, Ri, R ₂ , R3 and diameter D assigned to the ribs. Th, Di, D ₂ , D3. These numbers facilitate the assignment of radii / diameters to particular ribs and rib groups, and instead of the digits (appended with a dot), letters could also serve to distinguish them (eg 6, 6 _a , 6b, 6 _C , 6d) instead of 6, 6.0 , 6.1, 6.2, 6.3). As illustrated, for example, in FIG. 2, the radially outer te rib edge 13 of all ribs 6 in the example along geometric or imaginary, to the geometric longitudinal center axis A concentric circular lines, ie the rib edges 13 have in the circumferential direction U a constant radial distance from the longitudinal center axis A. Figure 2 shows that each fin group 7 four ribs includes, which are each arranged centrally in each one of the circumferential angular intervals 12, so that in two mutually perpendicular, through the geometric longitudinal central axis A leading transverse directions in each fin group 7 on the circumference two diametrically opposite ribs 6. Thus, each fin group 7 can assign a common effective diameter, the diameter Do being twice the radial distance Ro, the diameter Di being twice the radial distance Ri, the diameter D _{2 being} twice the radial distance R ₂ and the diameter D3 being twice the radial distance R3 corresponds. In the selected exemplary embodiment, a rib group 7.0 initially adjoins the transition section 3 in the longitudinal direction. These are followed in the longitudinal direction L in the order of a rib group 7.3, a rib group 7.2, a rib group 7.1, another rib group 7.2, another rib group 7.3 and again several, in the example four, rib groups 7.0. The rib groups 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 differ from group to group in their radial distance Ri, R ₂ and R3. A first rib group 7.1, which is present only once, is associated with a so-called first, at the dental implant 1 maximum radial distance Ri of the outermost rib edges 13 of the longitudinal central axis A. In the longitudinal direction L on both sides of the rib group 7.1, in each case a so-called second rib group 7.2 is arranged, each of which is associated with a second radial distance R _{2 of} the rib edges 13 from the longitudinal central axis A, which is smaller than the first radial distance Ri and greater than the radial reference distance R is. The two so-called third rib groups 7.3, one of which is located on the side of the rib group 7.2 facing away from the rib group 7.1 in the longitudinal direction L, are each assigned a so-called third radial distance R3 of the radially outermost rib edges 13 from the longitudinal central axis A. In the example chosen, the radial distance Ri is greater than the radial distance R ₂ , the radial distance R ₂ is greater than the radial distance R3, and the radial distance R3 is greater than the radial distance Ro, which corresponds to the radial reference distance R. FIG. 5 shows that the ribs 6.0, 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 also have mutually different cross sections in a cross-sectional plane passing through the geometric longitudinal central axis A. The ribs 6.0 have a substantially triangular cross-section with rounded apex. Since the edge of this cross section facing the transition section 3 is inclined approximately perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis A and the opposite flank thereto, a substantially sawtooth-like profile profile with a rounded profile peak results. The rib cross section of the ribs 6. 5 does not protrude laterally in the longitudinal direction L beyond the wide base 14 of the ribs 6. 5 which adjoins the core 5. For simplicity, the reference numeral 14 is also used for the base of the ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3, ie for all ribs, 6. Deviating from the ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 each one (albeit different between the different groups) selected different cross section, which tapers from a subsequent to the core cross-section base 14, each in an elongated extension 15, which in each case has approximately the same cross-sectional thickness at the free cross-sectional longitudinal end, ie at the radially outer rib edge 13, adjacent longitudinal section. In this case, the reference number 15 is also used uniformly for the different rib groups 7 for a better overview. The elongated extension 15 extends not only in the radial direction r, but also toward its free longitudinal end 16 in the direction of the transition section 3. In the example chosen, the extensions 15 extend in a longitudinal direction, which encloses an acute angle of inclination of approximately 45 ° with the longitudinal center geometric axis A, which runs centrally through the core 5. At the free longitudinal end of the anchoring section 2, the dental implant 1 comprises a foot end 18 tapering in cross-section to the free longitudinal end 17, which has a core 19. From this extend radially outward in the example, four in the circumferential direction U evenly spaced foot segments 20. Depending on a foot segment 20 is centrally in the circumferential direction in each case a circumferential angle interval 12 to fill again without this angular interval. Thus, with respect to the longitudinal direction L, a straight extension of each rib group 8 is provided at its one longitudinal end with a circumferential segment 10 of the transition section 3 and at its opposite longitudinal end a foot segment 20 of the foot end 18 between adjacent rib rows 8, between adjacent circumferential segments 10 and between adjacent foot segments 20 extends in the longitudinal direction L straight through each one in its cross-section concavely rounded throat 21, in which between a few of the adjacent ribs a stiffening projection 22 is embedded.

At the transition portion 3, two diametrically opposed projections 23 are formed on the circumference thereof. Each protrusion 23 extends, starting from the core 9, between two adjacent peripheral segments 10 radially outwards beyond the surfaces 11. The radial distance R4 (see Figure 6) between the narrow, extending in the longitudinal direction L outer surface 24 and the longitudinal center axis A is greater than the radial reference distance R and in the example corresponds approximately to the radial distance Ri. The projections 23 have in one to the geometric longitudinal central axis A vertical cross-sectional plane of a wedge-shaped, radially outwardly tapered cross section and in a plane passing through the geometric longitudinal central axis A cross-sectional plane a cuboid cross-section.

Overall, the implant stump 4 is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the geometric longitudinal center axis A. The implant stump 4 comprises two conical longitudinal sections 24, 25, of which the first longitudinal section 24 integrally connects with its tapered longitudinal end 26 to the transition section 3, and of which the second conical longitudinal section 25 with its tapered longitudinal end 27 in one piece or integrally to the extended longitudinal end 28 of the first longitudinal section 24 connects. The tapered longitudinal end 27 has a larger diameter than the mentioned longitudinal end 28, and the extended longitudinal end 29 has a larger diameter than the extended longitudinal end 28. The extended longitudinal end 29 adjacent to an extended longitudinal end 30 of a third conical longitudinal section 31, the tapered longitudinal end 32nd forms a free end face of the implant 1. When considering the absolute value, the cone angle γ of the third conical longitudinal section 31 is greater than the cone angle α of the first conical longitudinal section 24 and this in turn is greater than the cone angle β of the second conical longitudinal section 25. The three conical longitudinal sections 24, 25 and 31 are geometrical Longitudinal central axis A of the implant 1 concentric.

As already mentioned, the figures show the dental implant 1 according to the invention in accordance with the preferred embodiment chosen for this purpose in enlargement. In the example chosen for FIGS. 1 to 6, ie, not necessary, in the longitudinal direction L (which runs parallel to the geometric longitudinal central axis A), the anchoring section 2 has a length of approximately 12 mm, the transition section 3 a length of approximately 2 mm, and FIG Implant stump 4 a length of about 12 mm. The radial distance Ro is about the same as the radial reference distance R in the example 1.45 mm, the radial distance Ri is 1.65 mm, the radial distance R ₂ is 1.85 mm, and the radial distance R3 is 2.05 mm, the Each of the diameters Do, D, Di, D ₂ and D3 assigned to these radial spacings amounts to twice this value. In the order of 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 and 7.0 of the rib groups, therefore, a radius group or diameter variation constant from rib group to rib group is constant. realized. The diameter of the core 5, 9, 19 is 0.7 mm in the example. The radial distance R4 amounts to 2.05 mm. The length of the first conical longitudinal section 24 measured again in the longitudinal direction L is 4 mm in the example, the length of the second conical longitudinal section 25 is 6.5 mm, and the length of the third conical longitudinal section 31 is 1.5 mm. The expanded end section 28 of the first longitudinal section 24 has a diameter of 6 mm, the extended end section 29 of the second longitudinal section 25 has a diameter of 8 mm, and the tapered end section of the third conical section 31 has a diameter of 6 mm. It is understood, however, that all of the aforementioned dimensions and size ratios have been chosen only by way of example and deviations thereof are possible.

With reference to FIG. 7, the crestal implant 1 selected as an example is explained schematically how it can be adapted geometrically by a user to various anatomical conditions. Thus, for example, the extensions 15 of the ribs can be shortened at one or more of the rib groups 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 in order to thereby influence the maximum quasi-effective diameter occurring in the anchoring section 2. For example. If only the ribs 6.1 could be shortened so far that their radial distance corresponds to the radial distance R _{2 of} the adjacent ribs 6.2, so that then the maximum effective diameter of the anchoring portion 2 D ₂ would be. FIG. 7 shows by way of example that the extensions 15 of the ribs 6.1 and 6.2 can be shortened to such an extent that the radial spacing of the ribs 6.1 and 6.2 corresponds to the radial distance R3 of the adjacent ribs 6.3. It is understood that the extensions 15 of all ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 could be shortened, so that their radial distance of the rib edges then uniformly corresponds to the radial distance Ro and the radial reference distance R. The dental implant 1 can be adapted in this way to drill channels with different diameters. The pros Jumps 23 can be shortened as needed or completely removed. If a further reduction in diameter should be desired, in addition, the ribs 6.0 can be shortened in the radial direction and possibly removed substantially or completely. Also in the longitudinal direction L, a geometric adjustment can take place. In particular, the implant 1 according to the invention can be shortened by separating implant parts to desired different lengths of various conventional implants. The dental implant 1, which has a total length of 26 mm in the example, can be shortened to, for example, 13 mm, so that it could be used, for example, in an eg. Available pine comb depth of 8 mm. In this case, the implant could, for example, be sunk with a depth of 8 mm in the bone, and 5 mm of length could extend out to receive a crown from the bone into the mouth. The dental implant 1 described as an example can be sunk between a depth of 8 mm and 21 mm at any height in the bone. The bone may have a width between 2.9 mm and 9 mm. The collar area can be reduced, for example, from 8 mm to 2.8 mm, without causing biomechanical disadvantages. The further cut edges entered in FIG. 7 indicate that, if required, the foot end 18 can be severed and / or the implant stump 4 can be shortened. By separating the foot part 18, the implant 1 can be shortened in its basal area. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the implant 1 could also be shortened in the longitudinal direction L in its adjoining crestal region. For example. In addition, one or more of the subsequent to the foot end 18 rib groups 7.0 could be separated with; If necessary, a separation of one or more of the rib groups 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 would be possible. It can be seen from the above description that the implant 1 according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to achieve the average number of about ten implant variants, which are typically offered by suppliers of metal implants, compared to conventional implants by only a single implant 1 according to the invention, which can be adapted to the anatomical requirements to replace.

With reference to FIGS. 8 to 12, a possible application of the dental implant 1 according to the invention in accordance with the preferred exemplary embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 is presented by way of example. FIG. 8 shows the dental implant 1 prior to insertion into a drill channel 34 prepared for this purpose in a jawbone 33. The gum is designated by 35, the comparatively harder bone margin by 36 and the comparatively softer, slightly porous bone interior 37 by 37. The boring channel 34 extends from its base in a length portion of constant diameter d (cylinder bore 39) associated with the anchoring portion 2 to a conically expanding bore mouth 38 which in the example serves to receive the first conical length portion 24. The contour of the bore mouth 38 and the cylinder bore 39 is pierced by two diametrically opposed slot-like recesses 40, which serve to receive the two projections 23. 41 designates a natural tooth existing in the direction of view of FIG. 8 behind the treatment site. In the example chosen, the quasi-effective diameter Do associated with the ribs 6.0, as well as the reference diameter D, correspond to the diameter d of the drilling channel 34, so that the ribs 6.0 alone do not permit a fixed axial anchoring. However, the effective diameter Di assigned to the ribs 6.1 or the rib group 7.1 is greater than the diameter d. The same applies, albeit to a somewhat lesser extent, to the diameters D ₂ and D3 of the ribs 6.2 and 6.3 or the rib groups 7.2 and 7.3.

FIG. 9 shows that, therefore, the ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 approach the core 5 in a spring-elastic manner when the dental implant 1 is knocked into the drill channel 34. In FIG. 10, the dental implant 1 has its final position in the jawbone reached, and the ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 unfold gradually, without damaging bone cells by excessive pressure. Since the material of the implant 1 has the same elastic modulus as the surrounding bone, the bone dictates the rate of deployment. The unfolding ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 then prevent detachment of the implant 1 from the drill channel 34, so that no thread is required. The dental implant 1 is anchored dowel-like in the surrounding bone and effectively secured against axial withdrawal from the drill channel 34. The insertion or knocking of the implant 1 into the drill channel 34 takes place crestally, ie from the jaw comb. The dental implant 1 selected in the example differs from dental implants which are inserted from the side or laterally into recesses in the jawbone and anchored therein with plates fastened to the shaft. Since in the example the first conical longitudinal section was inserted into the jawbone 33, a desired aesthetic superstructure, for example a dental crown, can be fastened to the second conical longitudinal section 25.

FIG. 12 shows that the previously conical longitudinal section 25 has been ground to this end so that it now tapers in the longitudinal direction L starting from the first conical longitudinal section 24. The departure shows that on this now comparatively slimmer and inverted cone a denture 45 has been applied and fixed thereto, wherein the denture 45 is a crown, which corresponds to the shape of the adjacent teeth 41 practically.

FIG. 13 shows a further preferred application example of the dental implant 1 according to the invention. Differing from FIGS. 8 to 11, the second conical longitudinal section 25 has been severed on the dental implant 1. The remaining first conical longitudinal section 24 was not inserted into the jawbone 33, but rather stands over the alveolar ridge into the oral cavity out. The first conical longitudinal section 24 can therefore serve in this example for the assembly and attachment of an aesthetic superstructure serving as a dental prosthesis, which is not shown in the drawing in FIG. 13, and previously ground to it.

With reference to FIGS. 14 to 17, an implant 1 according to the invention is presented according to a second preferred embodiment. To avoid repetition and to provide a better overview, details corresponding to the example of FIGS. 1 to 7 are given the same reference number. The first and second longitudinal sections 24, 25 slightly deviate from a strict conical or truncated cone shape by circumferential recesses 43 at the extended longitudinal ends, by providing three spaced, circumferential grooves 42 on the first longitudinal section 24, and by the projections 23 extend in the longitudinal direction L into the region of the first longitudinal section 24. In this respect, the longitudinal sections 24, 25 but have a substantially conical shape. Another difference is that the third, essentially conical longitudinal section 31 in the longitudinal direction L is adjoined by a cross-sectionally hexagonal attachment 44, the longitudinal extent of which in the example amounts to 5 mm. This extension can serve in practice for receiving the dental implant 1 with a setting instrument, which represents a similar Allen mortar. After placing the implant in the bone, the attachment 44 may be cut off or used by the practitioner. A further departure from the example of FIGS. 1 to 7 is that in the fin groups 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 not all ribs 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 at their radially outer rib edge 13 have a radial distance Ri, R ₂ , R3 from the geometrical longitudinal center axis A. which is greater than the radial reference distance R. In the example chosen now, it is provided that each rib group 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 again has four ribs (also again uniformly denoted by 6.1, 6.2, 6.3), of which, however, only two each per rib group on the core circumference opposite ribs 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 at their radially outer rib edge have a radial distance Ri, R ₂ , R3 of the geometric longitudinal center axis A, which is greater than the radial reference distance R, the two remaining ribs 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 at its radially outer Rib edge 13 have a radial distance Rio, R20, R30 of the geometric longitudinal center axis A, which corresponds to the reference distance R. Another deviation is that the edges 13 of ribs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3, which have an extension 15, do not run in the circumferential direction along a circular curve, but are flattened. The radial distances Rio, R20, R30 are related in the illustration to the middle of the ribs. In the example of Figures 1 to 7, the radial distance between the bottom of two opposing grooves 21 in the longitudinal direction L was constant. Instead, in the example of FIGS. 14 to 17, it is provided that this distance increases somewhat in the direction of the transition section 3. The design of the transition section 3 differs from the first embodiment. The two projections 23 are not in straight extension of two throats 21, but in contrast were offset in the circumferential direction by 45 °, so that they extend in the longitudinal direction L through each one of the peripheral segments 10 therethrough. The protrusions 23 may be shortened and / or weakened by a surgeon (depending on anatomical need), depending on the elastic need. In the rib groups 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, such ribs 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, to which the radial distance Rio, R20 or R30 is assigned (cf., Fig. 17) in cross-section, for example, correspond to the ribs 6.0. Fig. 18 shows a possible application example of the invention

Dental implant 1 according to the preceding embodiments. The second length section 25 was separated and the first length section 24 ground to a prosthetic stump. An axial shortening took place at the opposite longitudinal end, in that the core 5 with all the rib groups 7.0 located thereon was severed, so that the implant 1 was also cut can be used in a jaw cross section of lesser height. Correspondingly, in FIG. 18, the implant 1 is inserted into the jawbone 33 at a lesser depth than in the preceding figures. All disclosed features are essential to the invention. The disclosure of the associated / attached priority documents (copy of the prior application) is hereby also incorporated in full in the disclosure of the application, also for the purpose of including features of these documents in claims of the present application. The subclaims characterize in their optional sibling version independent inventive development of the prior art, in particular to make on the basis of these claims divisional applications.

Claims

A dental implant (1), in particular a crestal dental implant (1), comprising an elongated anchoring portion (2) extending in a longitudinal direction (L), an implant stump (4) and a transitional portion (3) between the anchoring portion (2). and the implant stump (4), the dental implant (1) comprising plastic, in particular made of plastic, characterized in that the implant stump (4) has at least two conical or substantially conical length sections (24, 25), one of which first conical or im

Substantially conical longitudinal section (24) with its tapered longitudinal end (26), in particular in one piece, adjoins the transition section (3), and of which a second conical or substantially conical longitudinal section (25) with its tapered longitudinal end (27), in particular in one piece, connects to the extended longitudinal end (28) of the first conical or substantially conical length section (24).

2. Dental implant (1) according to claim 1 or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the tapered longitudinal end (27) of the second conical or substantially conical length portion (25) in diameter larger than the tapered longitudinal end (26) of the first conical or substantially conical length portion (24) and / or the extended longitudinal end (29) of the second conical or substantially conical length portion (25) is larger in diameter than the extended longitudinal end (28) of the first conical or substantially conical length portion (24).

3. Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the extended longitudinal end (29) of the second conical or substantially conical length portion (25) to an extended longitudinal end (30) of a third conical or substantially conical longitudinal section (31) adjoins, wherein the tapered longitudinal end (32) of the third conical or substantially conical longitudinal section (31) forms a free implant face or, in particular in one piece, with a profile-like in the longitudinal direction (L) extending in cross-section polygonal, in particular hexagonal, essay (44) is connected.

Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the cone angle (a) of the first conical or substantially conical length portion (24) in terms of magnitude greater than the cone angle (ß) of the second conical or substantially conical Length section (25) and in particular smaller in magnitude than the cone angle (γ) of the third conical or substantially conical length portion (31).

Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the conical or substantially conical longitudinal sections (24, 25, 31) are concentric with respect to the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) of the dental implant (1).

Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dental implant (1) is manufactured in one piece.

Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dental implant (1) made of plastic, in particular or based on polyamide or polyether ketone, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or polyoxymethylene (eg Delrin) or the like is made.

Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring section (2) has an elongate core (5), of which in the longitudinal direction (L) and in the circumferential direction (U) distributed a plurality of ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3), wherein the ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) form rib groups (7, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3), each of which has a plurality of ribs distributed at a common core cross section at the core circumference (FIG. 6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3), one or more surfaces (11) being provided in the circumferential direction (U) at least in the circumferential direction at a radial reference distance (R) from the geometric longitudinal center axis (U). A) extend that one or more groups of ribs (7.0) are provided, in the ribs (6.0) of the radially outer rib edge (13) along its entire or only partial circumferential extent a radial distance (Ro) from the geometric Längsmittelach se (A) of the dental implant (1), which corresponds to the radial reference distance (R) or approximately corresponds, and that one or more rib groups (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) are provided, within which of the ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3 ) not all, but only some, in particular only two mutually opposite to the core circumference ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), or of the ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) all ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) at its radially outer rib edge ( 13) along its entire or only partial circumferential extent have a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3) from the geometric longitudinal central axis (A), which is greater than the radial reference distance (R).

Dental implant (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition section (3) has a core (9), starting from which extend radially outwardly a plurality of peripheral segments (10) distributed in the circumferential direction whose radially outer surfaces ( 11) at the radial reference distance (R) from the geometric longitudinal Axis (A) in the circumferential direction (U) and in the longitudinal direction (L) along an imaginary cylindrical envelope surface extend.

10. Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims or in particular according thereto, characterized in that the radially outermost rib edge (13) of the ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) along imaginary, to the geometric Longitudinal axis (A) concentric circles extends.

11. Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of rib groups (7.1, 7.2, 7.3), the ribs (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), in which a radial distance (Ri, R ₂ , R3 ) between the radially outermost rib edge (13) and the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) is greater than the radial reference distance (R), are arranged consecutively in the longitudinal direction.

12. Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3) are arranged in a plurality of rows of ribs (8), wherein rib rows (8) each have a plurality, on the core (5) distributed in its longitudinal direction (L) and within a in a same circumferential angle interval (12) arranged on the core circumference ribs (6, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3), wherein it is provided in particular that each a circumferential segment (10 ) of the transition section (3) within each one circumferential angle interval (12), which is associated with one of the rows of ribs (8) extends.

13. dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dental implant (1) has a in cross-section to the free longitudinal end (17) towards the tapered foot end (18) having a core (19), from which radially outward a plurality of foot segments (20) distributed in the circumferential direction (U) are arranged. in particular, it is provided that in each case one foot segment (20) extends within a respective circumferential interval (12) which corresponds to a circumferential angle interval (12) assigned to one of the rows of ribs (8).

14. Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that between adjacent rows of ribs (8), between adjacent peripheral segments (10) and adjacent foot segments (20) in the longitudinal direction (L) depending on a concave rounded throat (21), wherein it is provided in particular that on each rib groups between adjacent ribs depending on a stiffening projection (22) is formed.

15. Dental implant (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the transition section (3) between surfaces (11) in the circumferential direction (U) at least circumferentially in the radial reference distance (R) of the geometric longitudinal central axis (A), one or more, in particular two circumferentially diametrically opposed projections are formed, which extend radially outward, wherein the radial distance (R4) between an outer surface (24) of the projections (23) and the longitudinal central axis (A) is greater than the radial reference distance (R) and wherein it is provided in particular that the projections (23) in a plane perpendicular to the geometric central axis (A) cross-sectional plane a wedge-shaped, radially outwardly tapered cross-section and in a through the geometric longitudinal central axis (A) extending cross-sectional plane have a cuboid cross-section.