DE102004062497A1 - Vehicle rear-end collision prevention or severity reduction method, transmitting warning to following vehicle if collision appears likely and or avoiding actions are automatically triggered in lead vehicle - Google Patents
Vehicle rear-end collision prevention or severity reduction method, transmitting warning to following vehicle if collision appears likely and or avoiding actions are automatically triggered in lead vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000004397 blinking Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
- B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
- B60Q1/50—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating other intentions or conditions, e.g. request for waiting or overtaking
- B60Q1/525—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating other intentions or conditions, e.g. request for waiting or overtaking automatically indicating risk of collision between vehicles in traffic or with pedestrians, e.g. after risk assessment using the vehicle sensor data
- B60Q1/535—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating other intentions or conditions, e.g. request for waiting or overtaking automatically indicating risk of collision between vehicles in traffic or with pedestrians, e.g. after risk assessment using the vehicle sensor data to prevent rear-end collisions, e.g. by indicating safety distance at the rear of the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q5/00—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices
- B60Q5/005—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices automatically actuated
- B60Q5/006—Arrangement or adaptation of acoustic signal devices automatically actuated indicating risk of collision between vehicles or with pedestrians
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0134—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/08—Active safety systems predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision or attempting to minimise its consequences
- B60W30/095—Predicting travel path or likelihood of collision
- B60W30/0956—Predicting travel path or likelihood of collision the prediction being responsive to traffic or environmental parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/16—Anti-collision systems
- G08G1/166—Anti-collision systems for active traffic, e.g. moving vehicles, pedestrians, bikes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2201/00—Particular use of vehicle brake systems; Special systems using also the brakes; Special software modules within the brake system controller
- B60T2201/02—Active or adaptive cruise control system; Distance control
- B60T2201/024—Collision mitigation systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
- B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
- B60W50/16—Tactile feedback to the driver, e.g. vibration or force feedback to the driver on the steering wheel or the accelerator pedal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Gefahr eines Auffahrunfalls auf ein Heck eines ersten Fahrzeugs durch ein nachfolgendes zweites Fahrzeug, insbesondere zur Vermeidung und/oder Verminderung der Schwere eines Aufpralls, wobei ein Abstand und eine Relativgeschwindigkeit des nachfolgenden zweiten Fahrzeugs zu dem ersten Fahrzeug ermittelt werden und anhand des Abstandes und der Relativgeschwindigkeit ermittelt wird, ob ein Aufprall des zweiten Fahrzeugs auf das Heck des ersten Fahrzeugs droht.The The invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing the risk of a collision on a rear of a first vehicle by a subsequent second vehicle, in particular for avoidance and / or reducing the severity of an impact, wherein a distance and a relative speed of the subsequent second vehicle are determined to the first vehicle and the distance and the relative velocity is determined, whether an impact of the second vehicle threatens the rear of the first vehicle.
Auffahrunfälle in niedrigen und mittleren Geschwindigkeitsbereichen werden häufig durch Unaufmerksamkeit verursacht. Oft wird die Eigengeschwindigkeit beziehungsweise die Relativgeschwindigkeit unter- oder die mögliche Eigenverzögerung überschätzt und deswegen ein zu geringer Sicherheitsabstand eingehalten. Daher sind bereits Systeme bekannt, wie zum Beispiel ein Bremsassistenzsystem (auch Advanced Brake Assist genannt) oder ein Antikollisionssystem (auch Collision Mitigation System genannt), die den Fahrer unterstützen, nicht auf ein vorausfahrendes Fahrzeug aufzufahren.Rear-end collisions in low and medium speed ranges are often due to inattention caused. Often the airspeed or the Relative speed underestimated or the possible self-delay overestimated and therefore a too small safety distance is maintained. Therefore are already known systems, such as a brake assist system (also Advanced Brake Assist) or an anti-collision system (also called Collision mitigation system), which do not support the driver to drive on a vehicle in front.
Das Antikollisionssystem umfasst beispielsweise Maßnahmen, die auf Grundlage einer Umfeldsensorik bei einer bevorstehen den Kollision durch Warnung und Eingriff in Fahrwerksysteme die Unfallschwere für alle Unfallpartner reduzieren, wobei eine autonome Teilverzögerung, eine Notbremsung zum Energieabbau und dergleichen verwendet wird. Das Antikollisionssystem bewertet unter Einbeziehung der Sensorinformationen eines Fernbereichsradars und, falls vorhanden, einer Nahbereichssensorik beispielsweise eines Parkassistenten sowie fahrzeugimmanenter Bewegungsinformationen wie Fahrgeschwindigkeit, Beschleunigung, Giergeschwindigkeit und dergleichen, die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Kollision. Wird eine drohende Kollision erkannt, erfolgt ein gestuftes Warn- beziehungsweise Eingriffskonzept: 1. Optische und akustische Fahrerwarnung, 2. Haptische Warnung durch zyklische Erhöhung der Gurtkraft, 3. Autonome Teilbremsung mit 4 m/s2 bis 5 m/s2 mit Fahrerfixierung durch Gurtstraffung, 4. Übergang in die Steuerung durch ein Bremsassistenzsystem, wenn der Fahrer eingreift.The anti-collision system includes, for example, measures that reduce the severity of accidents for all accident partners on the basis of an environment sensor in an imminent collision warning and intervention in suspension systems, using an autonomous partial deceleration, emergency braking for energy reduction and the like. The anti-collision system, taking into account the sensor information of a long-range radar and, if available, a proximity sensor such as a parking assistant and vehicle-related motion information such as vehicle speed, acceleration, yaw rate and the like, the probability of a collision. If an imminent collision is detected, a stepped warning or intervention concept takes place: 1. Visual and acoustic driver warning, 2. Haptic warning by cyclically increasing the belt force, 3. Autonomous partial braking with 4 m / s 2 to 5 m / s 2 with driver fixation by Belt tightening, 4th transition to control by a brake assist system when the driver engages.
Beim Advanced Brake Assist System handelt es sich um einen erweiterten Bremsassistent, der auf Grundlage einer Umfeldsensorik die Bremskraft eines Fahrzeugs so einstellt, dass einerseits ein Auffahren vermieden wird und andererseits möglichst weich gebremst wird, indem der Relativabstand und die Relativgeschwindigkeit zu einem vorausfahrenden Fahrzeug einbezogen werden.At the Advanced Brake Assist System is an advanced one Brake assistant, which based on an environment sensor, the braking force of a Adjusting the vehicle so that on the one hand avoided a collision and on the other hand as soft as possible is braked by the relative distance and the relative speed be included to a preceding vehicle.
Bekannt ist außerdem ein intelligentes vorausschauendes Sicherheitssystem (auch PRE-SAFE-System genannt), das reversible Schutzmaßnahmen an der Fahrzeugstruktur, beispielsweise Überrollbügel, Schiebedach und Fensteröffnungen, sowie im Innenraum, beispielsweise verfahrbare Polster, reversibler Gurtstraffer, zur Erhöhung des Insassenschutzes umfasst.Known is also an intelligent predictive safety system (also PRE-SAFE system called), the reversible protective measures on the vehicle structure, For example, roll bar, sunroof and window openings, as well in the interior, for example moveable upholstery, reversible belt tensioner, to increase occupant protection.
Desweiteren ist ein so genanntes ACC-System (= Adaptive Cruise Control System) bekannt. Es handelt sich um eine erweiterte Tempomatfunktion, bei der ein Sicherheitsabstand gehalten wird, aber bei kritischer Fahrsituation der Fahrer durch ein Signal zur Übernahme der Kontrolle aufgefordert wird.Furthermore is a so-called ACC system (= Adaptive Cruise Control System) known. It is an advanced cruise control function, with a safety distance is maintained, but in critical driving situation the driver by a signal to take over the control is requested.
Die vorgenannten Systeme überwachen ausschließlich den Bereich vor dem Fahrzeug. Sie sind nicht geeignet, um einen Aufprall eines nachfolgenden Fahrzeugs zu verhindern oder die Schwere eines solchen Heckaufpralls zu vermindern.The The aforementioned systems exclusively monitor the Area in front of the vehicle. They are not suitable for impact a subsequent vehicle to prevent or reduce the severity of a to reduce such rear impact.
Im Stand der Technik ist aus WO 86/05149 eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz von Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen bei Auffahrunfällen bekannt, umfassend eine im oder am Kraftfahrzeug angeordnete Messvorrichtung, welche innerhalb eines vor und/oder hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug liegenden Erfassungsbereiches den Abstand und/oder die Relativgeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs zu einem in den Entfernungsbereich eindringenden Objekt wie einem Fremdfahrzeug, einem stehenden Hindernis oder dergleichen misst, und eine Auswerteschaltung, welche bei Unter- beziehungsweise Überschreiten von Vorgabewerten des Abstandes und/oder der Relativgeschwindigkeit im Kraftfahrzeug vorhandene Schutz- und/oder Warneinrichtungen aktiviert oder auslöst. Als zu aktivierende Schutz- und/oder Warneinrichtungen sind dabei Gurtstraffer, Airbags und/oder Türen vorgesehen.in the The prior art is WO 86/05149 a device for protection known by motor vehicle occupants in rear-end collisions, comprising a in or arranged on the motor vehicle measuring device, which within a detection area located in front of and / or behind the motor vehicle the distance and / or the relative speed of the motor vehicle to an object penetrating the distance range, such as a Foreign vehicle, a standing obstacle or the like measures, and an evaluation circuit, which when under or exceeded of default values of the distance and / or the relative velocity in the Motor vehicle existing protection and / or warning devices activated or triggers. As to be activated protection and / or warning devices are included Belt tensioners, airbags and / or doors intended.
Diese Vorrichtung vermag zwar den Schutz der Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen im Falle eines Auffahrunfalles zu verbessern. Es ist jedoch nicht möglich, durch ihre Hilfe die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Eintretens eines solchen Unfalls und im Falle eines Unfalles die Schwere des Heckaufpralls zu vermindern.These Although device is able to protect the vehicle occupants in the event to improve a rear-end collision. It is not possible though their help the likelihood of such an accident occurring and in case of an accident to reduce the severity of the rear impact.
Aus
Die Schutzvorrichtung ermöglicht das Anziehen der Bremsen im Falle eines Aufpralls auf das erste Fahrzeug, wodurch ein Verschieben des ersten Fahrzeugs durch den Heckaufprall verringert oder verhindert wird. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Aufpralls an sich und die Schwere eines eventuellen Aufpralls sind dabei jedoch nicht vermindert.The protective device allows the attraction hen the brakes in the event of an impact on the first vehicle, whereby a displacement of the first vehicle by the rear impact is reduced or prevented. However, the probability of the impact itself and the severity of a possible impact are not diminished.
Der Erfindung liegt demnach die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die eine Unfallgefahr vermeiden bzw. die Schwere eines Unfalls vermindern.Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a method and to provide a device of the type mentioned, a Avoid the risk of accidents or reduce the severity of an accident.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren, welches die in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale aufweist, und eine Vorrichtung, welche die in Anspruch 18 angegebenen Merkmale aufweist.The Task is solved by a method having the features specified in claim 1, and a device having the features specified in claim 18 having.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.advantageous Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sieht vor, dass, falls ein drohender Aufprall identifiziert wird, von dem ersten Fahrzeug eine Warnung an das nachfolgende zweite Fahrzeug übermittelt wird. Vorzugsweise wird als Warnung eine optische und/oder eine akustische erste Warnung an das nachfolgende zweite Fahrzeug übermittelt. Ein Fahrer des zweiten Fahrzeugs wird dadurch aufmerksam auf die drohende Unfallsituation. Er kann entsprechend reagieren, indem er seine Geschwindigkeit reduziert und/oder dem ersten Fahrzeug ausweicht. Bei gegebener Hardwareausstattung der Fahrzeuge kann die Warnung alternativ oder zusätzlich mittels Telemetrie an das zweite Fahrzeug übertragen werden.The inventive method provides that, if an imminent impact is identified, of the first vehicle transmitted a warning to the subsequent second vehicle becomes. Preferably, an optical and / or a acoustic first warning transmitted to the subsequent second vehicle. A driver of the second vehicle is thereby attentive to the imminent accident situation. He can respond accordingly by he reduces his speed and / or the first vehicle dodging. For given hardware equipment of the vehicles can the warning alternatively or additionally be transmitted by telemetry to the second vehicle.
Dabei wird vorzugsweise als eine Warnung automatisch eine akustische Warnung ausgegeben. Beispielsweise wird die Hupe des ersten Fahrzeugs betätigt. Dies ermöglicht die Warnung des nachfolgenden Fahrzeugs mit einem in jedem Fahrzeug vorhandenen Mittel. Hupsignale sind im Straßenverkehr relativ selten und werden daher auch von abgelenkten Fahrern gut und schnell wahrgenommen.there is preferably an audible warning as a warning automatically output. For example, the horn of the first vehicle is actuated. This allows the warning of the following vehicle with one in each vehicle existing funds. Hopping signals are relatively rare in traffic are therefore well and quickly perceived by distracted drivers.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann als eine weitere Warnung eine optische Warnung automatisch ausgegeben werden. Vorzugsweise wird als optische Warnung eine Bremsleuchte des ersten Fahrzeugs eingeschaltet und/oder heller geschaltet und/oder blinkend geschaltet. Auch diese Ausgestaltung ermöglicht die Warnung des nachfolgenden Fahrzeugs mit einem in jedem Fahrzeug vorhandenen Mittel. Blinkende Signale erregen die Aufmerksamkeit dabei generell stärker als kontinuierliche Signale und leuchtende, helle Signale stärker als normal leuchtende Signale. Ein nachfolgender Fahrer wird also deutlich aufmerksam auf die drohende Unfallsituation.alternative or additionally can automatically issue a visual warning as another warning become. Preferably, as a visual warning, a brake light of the first vehicle turned on and / or brighter and / or flashing connected. This embodiment also allows the warning of the following Vehicle with a means available in each vehicle. flashing Signals generally attract more attention than continuous signals and bright, bright signals stronger than normal glowing signals. A subsequent driver will be clear attentive to the imminent accident situation.
In einer zusätzlichen oder alternativen Ausgestaltung wird als weitere Warnung automatisch eine Warnblinkanlage des ersten Fahrzeugs eingeschaltet. Auch diese Ausgestaltung ermöglicht die Warnung des nachfolgenden Fahrzeugs mit einem in jedem Fahrzeug vorhandenen Mittel. Aufgrund der physiologischen Voraussetzungen im Auge wird gelbes Warnblinklicht stärker wahrgenommen als rotes Bremslicht. Ein nachfolgender Fahrer wird weitgehend sicher aufmerksam gemacht auf die drohende Unfallsituation.In an additional one or alternative embodiment automatically becomes a further warning Hazard warning lights of the first vehicle switched on. Also this configuration allows the warning of the following vehicle with one in each vehicle existing funds. Due to the physiological prerequisites In the eye, yellow hazard warning lights are perceived more strongly than red brake lights. A subsequent driver is largely made aware of safely on the imminent accident situation.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird als Warnung eine weitere fahrzeuginterne Warnung generiert und an den Fahrer des ersten Fahrzeugs übermittelt. Falls der Fahrer des ersten Fahrzeugs unaufmerksam ist, wird seine Aufmerksamkeit so auf die drohende Unfallsituation gelenkt. Vorzugsweise ist diese Warnung an den Fahrer des ersten Fahrzeugs haptisch und/oder optisch, z. B. einer Anzeige in einem Command-System, und/oder akustisch, z. B. durch eine Ansage oder ein Hupsignal, ausgebildet. Diese Formen der Warnung werden durch den Fahrer deutlich wahrgenommen.Conveniently, a further in-vehicle warning is generated as a warning and transmitted to the driver of the first vehicle. If the driver the first vehicle is inattentive, gets his attention so directed to the impending accident situation. Preferably, this is Warning to the driver of the first vehicle haptically and / or visually, z. A display in a command system, and / or acoustically, z. B. by an announcement or a horn signal formed. These forms The warning is clearly perceived by the driver.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass, falls ein vorderer Abstand zu einem dem ersten Fahrzeug vorausfahrenden dritten Fahrzeug größer als ein vorgebbarer Mindestabstand ist, die Relativgeschwindigkeit zu dem zweiten Fahrzeug verringert wird. Auf diese Weise wird die Schwere des Aufpralls vermindert, da der relative lineare Impuls und die relative Bewegungsenergie zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Fahrzeug verringert werden.A advantageous embodiment provides that, if a front distance to a third vehicle ahead of the first vehicle greater than a specifiable minimum distance is, the relative speed to the second vehicle is reduced. That way, the heaviness becomes of impact, since the relative linear momentum and the relative momentum between the first and second vehicles be reduced.
Zum Verringern der Relativgeschwindigkeit wird in einer einfach zu realisierenden Ausgestaltung ein Bremsmoment des ersten Fahrzeugs vor dem Aufprall verringert. In einer weiteren alternativen Ausgestaltung wird zum Verringern der Relativgeschwindigkeit das erste Fahrzeug beschleunigt.To the Reducing the relative speed will be in an easy to implement Design a braking torque of the first vehicle before the impact reduced. In a further alternative embodiment, the Reducing the relative speed accelerates the first vehicle.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sieht dabei vor, dass, falls der drohende Aufprall als unabwendbar prognostiziert wird, das Beschleunigen unmittelbar vor einem physischen Aufprall durchgeführt wird. Das erste Fahrzeug erhält dadurch keine unnötig hohe Geschwindigkeit. Zudem wird der Fahrer des ersten Fahrzeugs durch die Beschleunigung an seine Kopfstütze gedrückt, was die Folgen des Aufpralls hinsichtlich einer Torsion der Halswirbelsäule abschwächt und einer vorhersehbaren Bewegung in einen Airbag dient.A advantageous embodiment provides that if the threatening Impact is predicted to be unavoidable, accelerating immediately before a physical impact. The first vehicle receives no unnecessarily high Speed. In addition, the driver of the first vehicle is through The acceleration on his headrest pushed what the consequences of the impact regarding a torsion of the cervical spine weakens and a predictable movement in an airbag.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird, falls der drohende Aufprall als unabwendbar prognostiziert wird, eine Maßnahme zum Schutz der Insassen des ersten Fahrzeugs ausgelöst. Dies verringert die Schwere des Unfalls insofern, dass die möglichen Unfallfolgen abgeschwächt werden.Conveniently, if the imminent impact is predicted to be inevitable, a measure to protect the occupants of the first vehicle will be triggered. This reduces the severity the accident insofar as the possible consequences of accidents are mitigated.
Als eine mögliche Maßnahme wird beispielsweise ein Anziehen mindestens eines Gurtstraffers ausgelöst. Der Gurtstraffer fixiert den betreffenden Insassen so frühzeitig optimal an seinem Sitz. Als zusätzliche oder alternative Maßnahme kann ein Anpassen einer Position mindestens einer Kopfstütze und/oder mindestens eines Sitzes durchgeführt. Bei einem fahrdynamischen Sitz kann die Sitzpolsterung verändert werden. Auch kann als zusätzliche oder alternative Maßnahme mindestens eine Seitenscheibe und/oder das Schiebedach geschlossen werden.When a possible measure For example, a tightening of at least one belt tensioner is triggered. Of the The belt tensioner fixes the respective occupant so early optimal at his seat. As additional or alternative measure may be adjusting a position of at least one headrest and / or carried out at least one seat. In a dynamic driving seat, the seat upholstery can be changed. Also can as additional or alternative measure at least one side window and / or the sunroof closed become.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird, falls der drohende Aufprall als unabwendbar prognostiziert wird, mindestens ein Airbag des ersten Fahrzeugs anhand der Relativgeschwindigkeit, eines Aufpralloffsets und eines Aufprallwinkels vorkonditioniert.Conveniently, If the impending impact is predicted to be inevitable is, at least one airbag of the first vehicle based on the relative speed, preconditioned an impact offset and an impact angle.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass, falls ein physischer Aufprall identifiziert wird, während und/oder kurz nach dem Aufprall ein Bremsmoment des ersten Fahrzeugs erhöht wird und/oder ein Kollisionsabschwächungssystem und/oder ein Bremsassistenzsystem aktiviert werden. Dadurch sind bekannte Insassenschutzsysteme auch bei einem Heckaufprall frühzeitig vorbereitet und/oder aktivierbar.In another possible Embodiment is provided that, if identifies a physical impact will, while and / or shortly after the impact, a braking torque of the first vehicle elevated and / or a collision mitigation system and / or a brake assist system to be activated. As a result, known occupant protection systems are also early in a rear impact prepared and / or activated.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist mindestens einen von dem ersten Fahrzeug nach hinten gerichteten Abstands- und/oder Relativgeschwindigkeitssensor und eine Steuereinheit auf, mittels derer eine Warnvorrichtung des ersten Fahrzeugs auslösbar ist, falls anhand des Abstands und der Relativgeschwindigkeit eines nachfolgenden zweiten Fahrzeugs ein drohender Aufprall des zweiten Fahrzeugs auf ein Heck des ersten Fahrzeugs identifizierbar ist. Je nach Art und Ausführung der Vorrichtung kann die Warnvorrichtung als eine optische und/oder eine akustische Einrichtung ausgebildet sein. Beispielsweise werden für eine Nachrüstung des Verfahrens vorhandene Einrichtungen des Fahrzeugs, z. B. eine Warnblinkanlage, die Hupe, eine Bremsleuchte, verwendet.The inventive device has at least one of the first vehicle to the rear Distance and / or Relative speed sensor and a control unit, by means of of which a warning device of the first vehicle can be triggered, if based on the distance and the relative speed of a subsequent second Vehicle a threatening impact of the second vehicle on a tail of the first vehicle is identifiable. Depending on the type and design of the device the warning device can be used as an optical and / or an acoustic Device be formed. For example, for a retrofit of Procedure existing facilities of the vehicle, eg. B. a hazard warning lights, the horn, a brake light, used.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The Invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment.
Dabei zeigen:there demonstrate:
In
Das
erste Fahrzeug
Die
Steuereinheit
In
einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung werden auch die Eigenverzögerung des
ersten Fahrzeugs
Zusätzlich zur
Warnung des Fahrers des nachfolgenden Fahrzeugs
Eine
weitere Maßnahme
im Sinne des Schritts S4 kann beispielsweise eine haptische und/oder
optische und/oder akustische fahrzeuginterne Warnung W3 an einen
Fahrer des ersten Fahrzeugs
Außerdem kann
als weitere Maßnahme
zunächst
ein vorderer Abstand zu einem nicht näher dargestellten, dritten,
vorausfah renden Fahrzeug erfasst werden und anschließend die
Relativgeschwindigkeit vrel zu dem zweiten
Fahrzeug
Alternativ
oder zusätzlich
kann das erste Fahrzeug
Weiterhin
kann als Maßnahme
das Anziehen der Gurtstraffer des ersten Fahrzeugs
In
einer möglichen
Ausgestaltung werden als weitere Maßnahme, falls der drohende
Aufprall als unabwendbar prognostiziert wird, die Airbags des ersten
Fahrzeugs
Des
Weiteren wird beispielsweise, falls ein physischer Aufprall identifiziert
wird, während
und kurz nach dem Aufprall ein Bremsmoment des ersten Fahrzeugs
Claims (21)
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