DE102004025147A1 - Disposal of industrial waste water, e.g. from electroplating and chemistry, leads the waste to the upper end of an angled collector where it is heated by sunlight for vapor to escape and the concentrate is collected for disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

Soiled and contaminated water, from industry, is fed under a constant pressure in a flat collector (2) at the upper and higher end of the angled collector base (3). The water is heated by sunlight at least partially in a solar absorber (4), and evaporates. The vapor flows freely upwards through a space gap (7) between a transparent cover (6) and the collector base, to escape into the ambient environment through an opening (8) while air flows in through a lower opening (9). The water residue, with a concentration of contaminants, is caught in a gutter (10) at the lower end of the collector base for disposal. The concentrated soiled water is carried by an outflow pipe (11) to a tank (13), for a recirculating pump (14) to return it to the upper end of the collector base until the viscosity is too high to be pumped and the sludge is removed. The support structure (16) is a roof, or similar construction.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for the evaporation of a part a polluted aqueous liquid or such liquids as water vapor by solar energy to form an aqueous concentrated solution to be disposed of, emulsion and / or suspension of the contaminant according to the preamble of claim 1.

such liquids fall e.g. when washing materials and parts of all kinds, which leave a water pollution, e.g. in chemistry, electroplating, when washing metal parts or as oily water that is not may be discharged into the sewage network.

A device using solar energy to produce a condensate from a liquid to be cleaned is according to the DE 42 17 802 C2 known. In this device is heated via a solar flow absorber to be cleaned, introduced into evaporation pans liquid by means of a circulating medium. In the evaporation pans then collects a not yet evaporated residual liquid with the impurities contained therein.

Of Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for carrying out the Process for recovering the residual liquid with contaminant, which to dispose of, according to claims 2-11.

The method and the device according to the DE 42 17 802 C2 are disadvantageous in that they require an autoclave, ie an evacuable space with evaporation pans for the liquid to be cleaned or vaporized and a condenser for the resulting liquid vapors, the remaining liquid with the contaminants is difficult ausschleusbar from the autoclave.

Of the As a solar absorber trained continuous absorber is sufficient in general not enough to heat the liquid to be evaporated. insofar is additional a boiler for heating the liquid intended.

The Object of the present invention is insofar therein, a method and to provide a device in which in a simple process and by simple and inexpensive means liquids with a contaminant by evaporation of very large proportions Water is concentrated on a small fraction of the amount. The Concentration / evaporation should only be stopped when the viscosity is too high becomes. The concentrated residual liquids contained in the protective substance should then be disposed of.

It is intended as in the method according to the DE 42 17 802 C2 in which the condensate is continuously recovered from the liquid to be purified or the liquid is continuously evaporated, also a continuous process management may be largely possible.

to solution This object is a method according to claim 1 is provided. It be flat collectors with a large collector floor and a large transparent Cover used, which through the transparent cover incident sunlight is caught in the collector and attached to the delivered to evaporating liquid becomes.

For this are in the collector housing in the heating and evaporating space internals in the form of a nonwoven, a mesh fabric or provided by plastic mats, through which is a distribution of the liquid largely over the entire inside of the collector floor and thus a delay of the Outflow of the liquid should be done.

insofar will be a better warming and evaporation of the liquid reached. These internals are preferably in the cell structure of the material and / or its coloring formed such that an optimal heat absorption the solar radiation and good release of heat to the distributed liquid possible is.

insofar In particular, a nonwoven with a material structure of a fine Capillary system for heat storage and for heat dissipation used.

It finds an isobaric heat supply in the Heating and evaporation chamber of the collector and in the local installations as well as in particular heat transfer on the liquids instead of. About the preferably in a bevel arranged from 30 ° -45 ° Collectors will be in a narrow gap between the transparent cover and the collector floor forming vapor after above over a local opening immediately outside guided, while from the bottom over a local inlet to the collector air likewise under same Pressure (atmospheric pressure) nachströmt.

The bottom of the collector bottom running non-evaporated liquids with the increased concentration in the amount of dirt are on a At the lower end of the collector floor extending longitudinal gutter immediately collected and either discharged for disposal or pumped to the upper part of the collector floor to further increase the concentration of dirt and exposed in a second process of heating and evaporation.

The Process requires insofar no vacuum still, where it is under naked Atmospheric pressure operated can be.

Of the Forming steam of water and other liquids is preferred directly into the atmosphere given so far, no devices for condensation of steam (condenser) and also no condensate collection tank to create are.

to execution This method is inventively provided a device according to claims 2-11.

there can the arrangement of individual elongated Prefabricated flat solar panels take place side by side which preferably according to claim 11 in the form of an oblique Evaporative roofs are placed on a roof substructure, the at an angle of 30 ° to 45 ° inclined is and for supporting the flat plate collectors made of wood or metal and a suitable shock-resistant insulation thermal insulation having. On this construction then the flat plates applied and attached directly next to each other.

Of the entire roof structure may also consist of a single contiguous Collector are formed, wherein the formation of the collector housing the thermal insulation or more standing seam sheets are applied as a conclusion and on this roof plate then preferably as a solar absorber for warming of liquids and their evaporation serving, fine capillary having fleece is applied.

When transparent cover of the fleece then serve individual glass panes or double web plates, which at a small distance from the standing seam plate over and be mounted side by side, so that behind this glass cover the needed Gap for the rising steam and the air flowing from below is formed.

The Invention will be explained below with reference to two embodiments.

In show this:

1 : A section through the basic structure of the device used, which is integrated in a roof structure with an inclination of approximately 30 °; The drawing shows a first embodiment used in the decades usual sandwich roof panels such as a "Hoops-Iso-roof" and attached as a lower shell to a conventional support structure;

2 : A cross section perpendicular to the in 1 shown level of the roof structure showing an alternative to the formation of the collector to be installed in the roof, with a conventional "Stegfalz roof" is used, which contains from below, as usual thermal insulation, wherein on the roof substructure directly a support structure of heat-insulating material comes to rest, which is provided with beads on the outside for the introduction of serving as a collector bottom, individual side by side to be applied Stehfalzbleche and has projecting bearing portion for supporting the spaced transparent glass cover;
The roof panels for both types of roofs 1 2 There are also commercially available in black and anthracite. Each of these dark-roofs, which are thermally insulated from below, is covered with a loose web of fabric or non-woven fabric to distribute the effluent water on the surface and delay the runoff. In this way, a circulating pump with extremely low power is sufficient. It is only pumped so much that the surface is wet.

In the 1 and 2 shown devices for the evaporation of a portion of liquids containing a proportion of dirt, as water vapor by solar energy are each designed for installation in a roof slope.

They consist of a one-piece flat collector ( 2 . 2 ' ), which from a collector floor ( 3 . 3 ' ) or each over the width of the roof laterally juxtaposed Stehfalzblechen and held at a small distance thereof, transparent cover ( 6 ) in the form of a continuous over the height of the roof glass or web plate made of plastic. As in 2 is shown in the embodiment shown there, over the width of the roof, the cover ( 6 ) consist of several glass plates attached to each other.

According to 1 is on the roof substructure ( 16 ), which is formed of metal or wooden beams (roof pitch about 30 °), a supporting structure for the there applied flat collector ( 2 ) made of wood or metal.

On this support structure then comes a shock-resistant insulation ( 19 ) and on this the actual collector housing. In the present case, this is made of a standing seam sheet extending over the entire height of the roof (collector bottom ( 3 )) and the outer transparent cover ( 6 ) from a glass pane. In the gap formed between them ( 7 ) is the actual heating and evaporation chamber of the collector. The standing seam plate forming the collector bottom is made in dark colors so that it has a good heat absorption. On this sheet is then a fleece ( 4 ) arranged to distribute the liquid over the entire width of the collector bottom. In this respect, a delay of the outflow of the liquid is achieved and a better transmission of the penetrating through the glass solar radiation.

The liquid can over the fleece ( 4 ) or a lattice tissue, wherein the heat transfer is carried out on small liquid particles and thus the liquid evaporates more easily (solar absorber).

The fleece is over a flat iron ( 17 ) at the upper end of the collector ( 2 ) attached. At this upper end runs across the collector a water pipe ( 15 ) with individually spaced openings, so that there is an inflow (5, a, b, c, d, e, f) for the liquids to be evaporated.

Since the cover formed as a glass or plastic disc ( 6 ) up and down no conclusion to the substructure ( 16 ) or to the lower collector bottom ( 3 ), at the upper and lower ends of the glass pane and the collector base, an upper opening (across the width of the collector) results (FIG. 8th ) and a lower, also across the width of the collector continuous inlet ( 9 ). Thus, air through the gap ( 7 ) of the collector and through the opening ( 8th ) Leave the gap along with the water vapor formed (atmospheric pressure).

The opening ( 8th ) is characterized by an overhanging connection profile ( 18 ), so that rainwater does not enter the gap ( 7 ) can penetrate.

As in 1 shown, is located in the area below the roof a water tub ( 13 ), from which by means of a circulation pump ( 14 ) the fluid is pumped with the pollution contained and via a rise line ( 12 ) of the water pipe ( 13 ) and from this to the upper edge of the collector floor ( 3 ) or standing seam plate is applied.

The on the collector floor ( 3 ) running non-evaporating liquid is in a lower longitudinal channel ( 10 ) and via a return pipe ( 11 ) of the water tub ( 13 ).

In this way it collects in the water tub ( 13 ) the residual liquid, which is loaded with an increased concentration of dirt.

Disposal of the liquid takes place so far on this water tank ( 13 ).

The from the water tub ( 13 ) via the circulating pump ( 14 ) pumped up water passes over the horizontal across the collector ( 2 ) arranged water line ( 15 ) and in the form of spaced holes there inflow (5, a, b, c, d, e, f) on the above the collector bottom ( 3 ) lying fleece ( 4 ) and soak this.

In Consequence of the sun setting becomes the fleece and the recorded Heated water, so that it can partially evaporate.

The Evaporation is not a possible "purification" of the water, but only to a large extent (e.g., 30% -90%) of pure water to evaporate. It remains water with a high level of dirt left over, with only a small amount of water is given, which is with the dispose of containing dirt content. The expensive to dispose of Quantity will be around 30-90% reduced.

It does not apply here to the oncoming To condense or recover water vapor.

Due to the distribution of the water over the fleece ( 4 ) on the entire sheet metal surface of the collector floor ( 3 ) and the associated strong delay of the outflow not only a good heat exchange can be achieved, but also the pump performance can be kept small. The contamination contained in the liquid does not affect this effect.

The circulating pump used only serves the water from the water tank ( 13 ) into the water pipe ( 15 ) to pump, so to generate a minimum necessary water circulation in the collector / evaporator. According to the invention, the warm air under the glass cover is already rising due to thermal buoyancy upwards and to the outside, so that air also flows in from below via the lower inlet there.

If the glass or plastic disk of the cover ( 6 ) Condensate forms, drips this with the dirty water back down into the gutter there ( 22 ) for rainwater.

By such an effect becomes the process of forming the residual liquid with the original one Dirt content is not adversely affected.

Of the The main purpose of the use of the fleece is in addition to the heat transfer, the distribution and deceleration of the Outflow of the water with a lowest possible "filter effect" the nonwoven or alternatively used internals, such as a coarse Grid fabric or plastic mats, no dirt accumulation done.

Corresponding These fittings are depending on the liquid select.

The residues of contaminated washing water, which is used for cleaning, can be disposed of, with costs currently incurred from 150, - EUR to 180, - EUR per m ³ . But because the amount to be disposed of is reduced by 30-90% with this method, the costs for transport and disposal are correspondingly greatly reduced.

The Total costs incurred by this invention are relative low compared to the cost of vacuum evaporation equipment, which also for the evaporation of liquids and to concentrate the residual fluid be used with the pollution.

These Plants also consume a lot of energy, while solar evaporation practically no energy consumed.

1.

contraption for the evaporation of liquids

2,2 '

collector

3,3 '

Collector bottom, Standing seam sheet / according to one Hösch-iso-roof

4,4 '

solar Absorber (fleece, mesh fabric)

5a, ... f

inflow of liquids

6

transparent Cover of the collector

7

gap between the transparent cover and the collector

ground (Heating and evaporator room)

8th

upper opening of the gap space

9

lower Inlet at the lower end of the gap

10

longitudinal groove to catch the backward ones liquids With

dirt content

11

Return pipes

12

ascent line

13

Wassserwanne

14

circulating pump

15

Water pipe, above the collector floor to supply the

Inflow ( 5a , ... f) the liquids to be evaporated

16

Roof substructure

17

flat iron for fixing the solar absorber

18

connection profiles

19.19 '

thermal insulation

20

Support for the transparent cover ( 2 )

21

Bead projection in the collector bottom 3 '

22

Rain-water channel, also for any condensation

Claims (11)

A method for evaporating a portion of contaminated aqueous liquid or liquids as water vapor by solar energy to form an aqueous concentrated solution to be disposed of, emulsion and / or suspension of the contaminant, characterized in that the liquids under a constant pressure in a flat Collector with collector floor in a heating and evaporator space on the collector bottom at the upper, higher end and seep through a fleece, by plastic mats or coarse mesh fabric, to form a solar absorber by incident sunlight, the liquids are heated and evaporated, after which forming vapor is passed in a gap formed between a transparent cover and the collector bottom upwards through a local opening into the open, while from below via an inlet to the gap-shaped heating and evaporator space of the collector zwis air travels to the transparent cover and the collector floor, and that the effluent at the collector bottom liquids are collected with the increased concentration of dirt via a running at the bottom of the collector floor longitudinal channel and discharged for disposal or to the upper part of the collector floor to further increase the concentration be pumped the dirt portion. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that - the flat collectors ( 2 . 2 ' ) a heating and evaporator space in the form of a gap space ( 7 ), wherein the liquids flowing therethrough are externally heatable from the outside, furthermore a distribution for liquids flowing in from above with an inflow ( 5a , b, c, d, e, f) along the upper part of the on a sloping substructure ( 16 ), heat-insulated to the bottom collector floor ( 3 . 3 ' ) or the outflowing liquids leading inside, - And there arranged internals of its plastic mats, fleece or coarse mesh fabric ( 4 ) for the distribution of the liquid over the insides and for the delay of the outflow, - also one of the collector bottom ( 3 . 3 ' ) outwardly spaced transparent cover ( 6 ) with an upper opening ( 6 ) and a lower inlet ( 9 ) for the gap formed therebetween ( 7 ), whereby air heated by solar heat and forming vapor of the liquids in the gap space ( 7 ) between the cover ( 6 ) and the collector floor ( 3 . 3 ' ) upwards and over the opening there ( 8th ) rises to the outside while from below via the inlet ( 9 ) between covers ( 6 ) and collector floor ( 3 . 3 ' ) Air flows in, and the collectors also a running at the bottom of the support structure longitudinal channel ( 10 ) and return pipes ( 11 ) and ascent lines ( 12 ) and a circulation pump ( 14 ), wherein the compacted, draining residual liquids with the dirt content contained via the longitudinal channel ( 10 ) and via the return pipes ( 11 ) and ascent lines ( 12 ) and the circulation pump ( 14 ) to the upper part of the collector floor ( 3 . 3 ' ) arranged inflow ( 5a , b, c, d, e, f) are pumpable back. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that on the inner sides of the collector floor ( 3 . 3 ' ) is arranged a black sheet, such as Kalzip, roofing felt or a dark waterproof film or the collector floor consists of such a black sheet, so that there the liquids are heated and evaporated. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the oblique sloping collector floors and whose inner sides have an inclination angle in the size of 20 ° to 45 °. Device according to one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the gap space ( 7 ) to cover ( 6 ) over the entire width and height of the collector ( 2 . 2 ' ) is substantially equal in cross-section (flat collector). Device according to one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the sloping substructure ( 16 ) Is part of a roof structure or slope attachment or embankment attachment. Device according to one of claims 2-6, characterized in that the substructure ( 16 ) is formed of a wood or metal girder framework. Device according to one of claims 2-7, characterized in that the heat-insulated collector floors ( 3 . 3 ' ) as a backing on the outside of a thermal insulation ( 19 . 19 ' ) exhibit. Device according to one of claims 2-8, characterized in that the internals of fleece, plastic mats or mesh fabric ( 4 ) are the same over the entire length and width of the collector bottom, wherein over the entire surface of the inside the turbulence in the liquid is increased and the steam flow is deflected laterally over the insides of the collector bottom. Collector for carrying out the method according to claim 1 according to one or more of claims 2-9. Roof construction with collectors ( 2 . 2 ' ) and a device according to one or more of claims 2-10 for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein the collectors on a roof substructure ( 16 ), which is inclined at an angle of 30 ° to 45 ° and on which a support structure made of wood or metal and the heat insulation ( 19 . 19 ' ) is applied with subsequent collectors.