DE102004063447B4 - Device for the recovery of fresh water - Google Patents

Abstract

Device (1; 89) for obtaining fresh water comprising a housing (1a) of an obliquely translucent housing upper side (23) arranged parallel to the sun, a housing lower side arranged parallel thereto, a front wall (4) having a fresh water outlet (9) at the lower housing end Raw water inlet (26), and a Rohwasserauslass (27), and arranged below the upper end of the housing surface drip device (22) for raw water, which is connected via a heat exchanger (50) / condenser (110) with the raw water inlet, wherein in the housing plane-parallel a Verdunster (30) is arranged to the housing surface and below the evaporator of the heat exchanger (50) / condenser (110) at an angle (25a) is arranged such that between evaporator and condenser to the located in the lower part of the housing fresh water outlet end widening Gap (116) and between the condenser and housing bottom to the fresh water outlet hi n narrowing gap (119) is formed.

Description

The The invention relates to a device for the recovery of fresh water.

A device for obtaining fresh water with a housing in which a vaporizer and a condenser are arranged, wherein the housing has at one end an outlet for the fresh water, is for example from the published patent application DE 100 47 522 A1 known.

In the published patent application DE 199 23 682 A1 describes a device for recovering fresh water from raw water having an obliquely arranged housing in which a flat evaporator and a flat capacitor are arranged in parallel. The housing is sealed by a transparent cover arranged parallel to the evaporator. Here, the vaporized from the evaporator part of the raw water is condensed on the condenser to fresh water and passed through a channel from the housing. The condenser in this case consists of a arranged between the rear wall and the evaporator heat exchanger, the raw water is supplied to the underside, which is supplied after its heating by the heat exchanger on the top side via a bypass of a dripping device and passes to the evaporator by means of the dripping device.

The one Part of the raw water, which evaporates on the surface of the evaporator and from a pouring Air rises within the tilted device upwards. There, the moisture-laden air gets through the housing limit or deflected by the rear wall of the housing, so that the moisture-laden air on the one hand into a gap between the condenser and the evaporator and the other in one Gap between the capacitor and a housing bottom in a lower area the device flows. The moisture condenses on the condenser water laden air. This condensate now flows along the condenser into a freshwater collecting channel and is led out of the device.

By The condensation process is the previously strong with moisture cooled air cooled, so that it sinks to the bottom of the device and There is again heated by a solar energy again. As a result, the heated air flows between the translucent Housing top and the evaporator up and takes again evaporated raw water from the evaporator surface on.

From the publication DE 43 21 192 A1 discloses an apparatus for distilling water in the low temperature range, in which solar collectors, which consist of glass cover, frame and absorber, are combined with evaporators and heat exchangers to form a wall. In this case, there is additionally an irradiation of mirror films whose angles are set with rigging known from sailing ships. In this case, thermal energy is collected in the energy store via a thermosyphon system. Hot water flows to trickle over a sponge, which is permeable to water only at low pressure, in Z-shaped flow mats. The forming drops increase the evaporation surface. A disadvantage of this apparatus is the relatively complicated structure of the still, which, among other things, leads to relatively high production costs and makes the apparatus as a whole prone to technical problems.

adversely This also affects the known devices or apparatuses used wick method, since, for example, cotton towels or Sponges - which absorb the raw water - through the mostly impure raw water quickly pollute and cleaned frequently or have to be changed.

The The object of the invention is devices for fresh water production continue to develop and increase their effectiveness.

These The object is achieved by the invention defined in claim 1.

in the normal everyday operation, the housing of the device is not easy arranged horizontally, but preferably has approximately an angle from 30 ° to one water inside or outside the device. For example, the water surface is in one open container.

Alone in particular, due to the overall orientation of the device the condenser and the evaporator have a corresponding angle to the Water surface.

Thereby, that the condenser in particular against the evaporator in a Angle is arranged, the capacitor is preferably steeper in the device.

This on the one hand has the advantage that this optimizes the condensate drain is because the condensate is more quickly located from the surface of the steeper Capacitor expires. This makes the condensate faster or lighter from the condenser can run, for example, a new condensate is favored.

On the other hand, the steeper position of the condenser has the advantage that in terms of air flow in the device the condenser with the evaporator form a kind of diffuser. In addition, the condenser arranged more steeply in the device and the housing bottom of the device form a kind of nozzle with regard to the air flow within the device.

The Interplay of diffuser on the one hand and nozzle on the other, affects especially favorable the airflow inside the device.

Explanatory is to say that by the steeper employment of the condenser the gap height the gap between the evaporator and the capacitor a variable Course has. Is the angle between the evaporator and the condenser chosen accordingly, For example, the gap between these two components in the Upper area a smaller dimension than the lower area. takes you look at the gap of these two components to a flow, which flows through the gap from top to bottom, forms the selected arrangement the two components a kind of diffuser. It has come in a variety Experiments have shown that air flowing from above into the gap while of flowing through of the downward broadening gap is delayed. For example stands thereby the surface of the capacitor much longer in contact with the preferably highly water-laden air. The surface the condenser can in this case more humidity or condensate Among other things, the effectiveness of freshwater production elevated. For increased humidity absorption For example, the steeper arrangement of the capacitor within the Device also advantageous, since thereby the condensate faster from the capacitor surface can expire.

in the In contrast, the gap between the capacitor and the Housing bottom of the Device an exactly opposite Cross-sectional profile on. This means the gap height in the upper Range is greater than the gap height in the lower part of the device. As a result, a nozzle is formed rather. An air flowing from above into the gap becomes air through the nozzle action accelerates, so that between the capacitor and the bottom of the case flowing through Air at the narrowing in the lower part of the condenser Gap leaks much faster than they do in the wider one Gap has occurred.

In The lower portion of the device thus hit a slower airflow and the accelerated air flow on each other, which is particularly in this area a very turbulent air flow results. In a large number of experiments it was found that these turbulent air flow has a positive effect on the total air flows in the device, there is a more turbulent flow in particular with regard to the evaporation process and the condensation process the device favorable effect.

Preferably the evaporator is arranged parallel to the housing top. ever After application, it may also be useful that the Evaporator opposite the top of the housing is arranged at an angle. For example, the evaporator such to the housing top be hired that the evaporator overall shallower in the casing is arranged, with the top side on the evaporator tes raw water over the Evaporator runs down less quickly. This can be achieved be that raw water for a longer one Period on the evaporator surface remains. This in turn can be beneficial to the evaporation performance affect the raw water in the housing.

A particularly preferred embodiment provides that the evaporator has at least one thermoforming profile. The evaporator according to the invention has the big one Advantage that he is for the evaporation process on a over the surface a conventional one Evaporator stretched cotton cloth can do without. The raw water is through the evaporator according to the invention forcibly guided so that almost the entire surface is always moist is held, thereby causing the evaporation process very effective. In particular, in known wicking the surface became partial not moistened.

Advantageous it is that the forming the evaporator thermoforming profile means a frame and prevented by a forced water flow is that the raw water runs into the clean area of the water.

By the thermoforming forming thermoforming profile is the surface of the Evaporator over one surface a working after the wick evaporation evaporator essential elevated.

in the Unlike a conventional one covered with a cotton cloth Verdunsteroberfläche or to one with a rough, run-off the coating provided Evaporator surface has the evaporator according to the invention from a thermoforming profile with a low surface roughness Advantage that the evaporator less dirty and also can be cleaned better. This makes the evaporator less common be cleaned, thereby eliminating the hassle of maintenance is significantly reduced. The surface of the evaporator is for example with a varnish or a vacuum coating with titanium oxide selectively coated.

It is also understood that the previously described evaporator even without the characterizing features of the main claim essential to the invention is, because he especially by his new forced guidance of the water a multiplicity of Advantages over having known evaporators.

Around in particular the cost of the device for the recovery of fresh water It is particularly advantageous to keep it low or if the device has further components which consist of a single Thermoforming profile can be produced. Preferably, the same thermoforming profile for the Production of various components, such as the capacitor, a Wärmtauscher the device or a drip device of the device used. The possibility to produce such components of the device from deep-drawn profiles, only a thermoforming tool is needed for their production, not only minimizes manufacturing costs, but simplifies also the production of the device itself and their installation and their structure. Can For example, a variety of components with a thermoforming process The production of this device is special easy.

According to one Further feature of the invention, it is advantageous if the capacitor the device of at least one thermoforming profile, preferably from two deep-drawn profiles, is formed. Also on the capacitor meet the advantages described with regard to the evaporator to. Therefore, the device is with a capacitor formed in this way also detached from the characterizing features of the main claim of the invention essential to the invention.

Advantageous it is when the device has a heat exchanger, the at least two thermoforming profiles is formed. This is after the Invention proposed that the heat exchanger from at least two deep-drawn profiles is made, for example, such mirror images of each other are arranged between them a cavity is created through which the raw water can be passed.

By the profiling of the thermoforming profile results for the heat exchanger also a forced tour the raw water, this in zig-zag shape from bottom to top through the heat exchanger is directed. Particularly advantageous in this case is the surface with a low roughness of Tiefziehprofile, in particular a Reduction of friction losses between the inner surface of the heat exchanger and the raw water allows improved passage of the raw water.

To The invention is further proposed that the device a Having drip, which formed from a thermoforming profile is. By means of the dripping device, the raw water is on the evaporator brought. To this end receives the drip the raw water, for example via a Bypass directly from the heat exchanger. According to the invention Drip device also made from the same thermoforming profiles such as the evaporator, the condenser and the heat exchanger, so that also brings about a further substantial simplification the structure of the entire device results.

Especially It is advantageous if the drip device with an outlet a diameter of more than 1 mm, preferably with a diameter of more than 2 mm. For example, in known drippers five Millimeters in size outlets intended. This had the big one Disadvantage that these holes If the raw water is not sufficiently filtered, it is easily clogged.

Especially by the Rohwasserzwusführung according to the invention in terms of the new evaporator it is possible that the dripping device only has a single outlet. For example, this outlet is located on the opposite side Side of a flow of a first stair segment of the thermoforming profile. Thus, the raw water is distributed mainly on the top first Legs of the stair segment.

Around the previously described advantages with regard to the evaporator, the condenser, the heat exchanger and the drip device, it is particularly advantageous if the thermoforming profile has at least one stair segment. The differently shaped legs refer to this one on the leg length of the Stair segments and on the other hand, the leg depth of the stair segment.

Under a staircase segment is understood to mean an area of the thermoforming profile, preferably of two differently shaped legs is formed. It is understood that a component such as a capacitor or a vaporizer from a variety of juxtaposed ones Trace segments (thermoforming profiles) is formed.

Around for example a liquid, which over such a staircase segment flows, for one Device for fresh water extraction Cheap To steer, it is advantageous if the two legs of a stair segment are formed differently long.

For example, the ratio between to optimize a favorable for evaporation surface and the space required for this, in particular the space required for this purpose in a vertical orientation, it is particularly advantageous if the two legs of the stair segment are formed differently deep. For example, the evaporation of the favorably oriented first leg has a greater depth than the approximately vertically oriented second leg. Thus, the first leg can receive a larger surface area than the second leg.

A further embodiment provides that at least one leg has a water drainage boundary having. Such a water drainage limitation provides, for example for this, that the raw water running along the thermoforming profile is not easy from top to bottom on the surface of the staircase segment shoots down, but at least partially in the area of the water drainage boundary Schenkels is held back. Here, the Wasserablaufbegrenzung by a physical Unit be formed with the thermoforming profile. For example the Wasserablaufbegrenzung made during the deep drawing process directly. It is also possible that this water drainage limitation as an independent component to the leg is attached. Here, the water drainage limit plugged, glued, riveted, welded or attached by a different fastening technique to the leg be.

Preferably the Wasserablaufbegrenzung is located near the leg edge. she but can also be arranged at a distance from the leg edge.

Especially It is advantageous if the water drainage limitation at least one Has material recess. This material recess is located preferably on one of the two end faces of a leg. The Material recess ensures that the water normally does not have the water drainage limit the staircase segment flows, but is merely jammed at the Wasserablaufbegrenzung. Prefers flows the water at the material recess of the water drainage boundary from. Preferably, the material recess is a kind of overflow educated. But it can also be used as a hole in the Water drainage limit introduced or as a hole in the leg be educated.

To The invention proposes that at least one leg a Has flow, with which the raw water is forced, among other things This flow is preferably in the region of a front side of a Arranged thigh. The flow serves to make the water from a leg of a first stair segment to a leg a second stair segment is passed. Is the flow at the respective opposite Arranged on the front side of a staircase segment, the water flows one possible long way over the thigh. Thus, the largest possible surface with Water wets.

In order to the thermoforming profile as a component for a vaporizer, condenser etc. are particularly well used can, it is advantageous if the thermoforming profile has a frame. The frame of the deep-drawn profile forms in particular at the end faces the thighs a conclusion, so that for example not the raw water from the thermoforming surface can escape uncontrollably.

Especially It is advantageous if the thermoforming profile an inlet and a Has expiration, which are substantially identical. This is guaranteed that, for example, always only so much raw water in the thermoforming profile flow can, as well as dissipated can be. It makes sense here, too, that the inlet smaller is as the process.

According to one Another variant is the surface texture smooth the thermoforming profile. Here, the smooth surface, for example be ground by means of a 400 abrasive. Also is it is possible the surface of thermoforming profile as a "no-drop surface" execute. It It is understood that the surface the thermoforming profile provided with a particularly smooth coating can be, for example, with a paint layer. Also, the surface be treated so that it has the so-called lotus effect. This contamination of the surface is almost impossible.

The Thermoformed profile with the smooth surface texture has the Advantage that dirt particles are not so fast on the surface of the Can attach thermoforming profiles. Furthermore has this surface the advantage that the friction losses in terms of one with her are reduced in contact medium.

Especially It is advantageous if the thermoforming profile made of polypropylene (PP), preferably made of a polypropylene derivative. One Thermoforming profile made of polypropylene is special in the production easy to realize. For example, the absorption of solar energy to increase, can be introduced into the polypropylene, a solar paint and / or the surface can be covered with solar paint become.

In particular with regard to the evaporator, increased solar energy absorption is advantageous. It is understood that not only the evaporator have the materials described above can, but also other components of the device. This relates in particular to all components of the device which are produced by means of the deep-drawing profile according to the invention.

To supplementary Embodiment of the invention is provided that the device a raw water collection tank having. For example, several devices connected in series evenly with Supplying raw water, it is advantageous if preferably each Device has a raw water collection tank. In such a raw water collecting tank then a certain raw water reservoir can be accumulated, so that each device is supplied by raw water with the same pressure. Especially with devices connected in series that device has on least water pressure, the farthest from the raw water connection is ordered. For example, the form on the device for the recovery of fresh water by means of an integrated container kept constant with float valve. Preferably, the raw water collection tank is at a Place arranged at which the raw water is not yet through the heat exchanger the device has flowed, so that already the heat exchanger the devices connected in series one behind the other Raw water quantity supplied under the same pressure conditions.

It is possible, too, the raw water tank with to connect a bypass, for example, between the heat exchanger and the dripping device is arranged.

ever according to embodiment can the raw water collection tank also arranged externally, not directly on the device be attached.

Instead of a raw water collection container can the device outside of the housing comprise at least one groove. By means of the gutter is also guaranteed that on each device, in particular on each connected in series Device that has raw water almost the same pressure a constant volume of raw water is available.

It is particularly advantageous if the raw water collection tank at least includes a pressure valve. Under a pressure valve is in the context of the invention understood any facility that is able to control the raw water pressure at least immediately before the device to keep constant and / or near of a preset value. This is especially true at a plurality of devices connected in series advantageous. The pressure valve may, for example, as previously mentioned, as Float valve disposed in or on the raw water collection tank be. The pressure valve ensures that all devices with the same amount of raw water, in particular be supplied with the same raw water pressure.

It It should be understood that the features in terms of the raw water collection container without the characterizing features of the main claim essential to the invention are.

Especially it is advantageous if the device has at least one flow regulator having. For example, there are two flow controllers in the bypass between the heat exchanger and the dripping device arranged. This gives the possibility to the Distribute raw water volume between the drip device and the bypass. For example, the distribution of the raw water with a closure and a backflow preventer set such that preferably 20% of the raw water into the dripping device flow and 80% in a collection area for raw water of the device flow. Depending on the location or after sun exposure, this ratio may vary. The particular advantage of the flow regulator is that thereby almost always guaranteed is that the device is not due to excessive raw water flow cools or not overheated by too low a flow of raw water. It is understood that the feature regarding the flow regulator also independent essential to the invention from the characterizing features of the main claim is because with a flow regulator, the reliability of a device for freshwater production significantly increased becomes.

A particularly preferred embodiment provides that the device has a changeover device, with which the device either with a heating circuit or with a cooling circuit is connected.

Under a cooling circuit Here, the raw water supply is understood. Since the raw water means of the heat exchanger is heated in the device, the device is continuous Heat deprived. Therefore, this water cycle is also called cooling cycle.

Under a heating circuit is understood that the device for fresh water extraction, for example, warm or hot raw water is supplied from an external heater. This hot water is not passed through the heat exchanger of the device, but preferably directly by means of a bypass into the drip device. Such a procedure is particularly advantageous if there is not enough solar energy available to heat the device for fresh water extraction, so that no fresh water can be obtained by solar energy. at For example, this is the case during the night, when no solar energy is available or in a cloudy sky, when the warming sun rays are prevented from reaching the device.

The previously described feature with regard to the changeover device is also independent advantageous from the characterizing features of the main claim.

Advantageous it is when the device is on the inside of the case top having a condensate collection device. Especially with a Fremdbeheizen the device is the condensation of water in the device so high that also condensate in particular at the translucent, cool Housing top forms. For example, this disk condensate with a rubber lip be collected and discharged into a clean water collector. For this purpose, the rubber lip is preferably in a lower region of the Housing top arranged, the abgeführende Condensate are discharged laterally into a channel of the device can.

at an operation of the device with external energy is the device of the invention to the ordinary Water still, taking in sufficient sunlight a solar stillness is.

Especially in a non-solar operation, the housing top is not one negligible condensing surface representing the yield of freshwater production or pure water production can be increased significantly.

Around For example, in rainy weather to be able to rainwater to collect specifically, is proposed according to the invention that the device on the outside at a lower portion of the housing top has a rainwater collection device. For example, it's up the outside the translucent Housing top one Rubber lip attached to the rainwater which is in the area the housing surface of running down the top, preferably dissipates to the side. For example, the rainwater collecting device is designed such that the rainwater in such a low precipitation that is led to the case the device itself runs down. Takes the rainfall however, too, it accumulates on the outside surface of the Housing top so much precipitation, that in this case the kinetic energy of rainwater during of draining greatly increased. Has the rainwater reached a certain kinetic energy or rainwater has exceeded a certain kinetic energy value, flows it off so fast that it no longer flows off the side of the housing, but is directed by the rainwater collection device such that it is directed into a rainwater channel of the device. in this connection will at least the upper channel opening spaced from the housing arranged the device so that slowly draining rainwater, which mostly still the surface dirt entails the device, not even get into the rainwater channel. Only when the rainfall strong enough, the rainwater has such a high kinetic Energy that it "shoots" into the rainwater channel. Advantageously, in particular larger plants, the a considerable area Rainwater catching, thus rainwater as fresh water win.

At It should be noted that the features relating to the Condensate collection device and with respect to the rainwater collection device each for also independent are essential to the invention of the features of the main claim.

Ultimately is proposed according to the invention that the device is gas-tight is closed. For example, to almost the interior of the device always wet, it is advantageous to gas-tight the device seal off. As a result, among other things, a formation of salt crystals, which are difficult to dissolve, prevented. When falling below a certain moisture content within the device can the Salt crystallize and thus clog the device inside.

One Another advantage, which is made of a gas-tight The result of the device is that it reduces the risk of vermin or dust or sand penetrates into the interior of the device. In a gastight sealed device, it is close to impossible, that, for example, beetles penetrate into the device and there verenden and possibly the functionality can permanently affect the device.

There is also in such a closed device, the possibility in the device to generate a certain negative pressure to the Evaporation and thus increase the yield of the device. Of the Underpressure can in this case, for example, by a water column in a Expiration of the device are generated.

In summary, to say to the device according to the invention for fresh water production to say that here a multifunctional fresh water extraction device was created. On the one hand, freshwater is extracted from raw water with the help of solar energy and, on the other hand, sweet water These are obtained excellent by the principle of a distillery insert by external heating of the device. Furthermore, rainwater is collected with the device according to the invention, which can also be used for freshwater production. In particular, the device is suitable for use near the equator, since in these latitudes periods of dryness alternate with periods of extreme showers.

So far was for each of the three functions described above is a separate one Device used. United according to the invention The above describes the device the three most important clean water functions in a device, and at a low cost.

Further Advantages, objects and characteristics of the present invention based on the following explanation attached drawing in which exemplifies a Device for fresh water extraction is described.

It shows,

1 a still in a partially sectioned side view,

2 the stills in a top view,

3 the still partly cut in a side view,

4 the distillery schematically in a front view,

5 an evaporator according to the invention,

6 a capacitor according to the invention with integrated heat exchanger,

7 an enlarged schematic representation of the heat exchanger from two capacitors 6 .

8th an isolated staircase segment in a perspective plan view,

9 another isolated staircase segment in a perspective plan view,

10 a partial plan view of an inventive thermoforming profile,

11 another embodiment of an evaporator,

12 a partially cut longitudinal section through the evaporator 11 .

13 a schematic side view of a still,

14 a schematic plan view of another still,

15 a schematic front view of the still 14 and

16 an inventive adjusting mechanism of a still.

The in the 1 to 8th distillery shown 1 has in her case 1a a vaporizer 30 and a capacitor 110 arranged. The stills 1 stands at a 30 ° angle 21 with one foot 19 on a surface 20 , The stills 1 has a translucent housing top 23 through which sunrays 111 to the interior of the distillery 1 reach. In the lower area on a front wall 4 has the still 1 a raw water outlet 27 as well as a fresh water outlet hole 9 and a raw water supply hole 26 (please refer 4 ). In an upper area 112 shows the still 1 a drip device 22 on, immediately below the translucent housing top 23 is arranged.

About the raw water supply hole 26 (please refer 4 ) and a first bypass 113 Raw water enters a heat exchanger 50 , wherein the heat exchanger 50 also the capacitor at the same time 110 forms. The raw water now rises from the lower first bypass 113 through the heat exchanger 50 or through the capacitor 110 up to a second bypass 114 , By means of the bypass 114 the raw water reaches the drip device 22 Keep the raw water on the sun's rays 111 facing surface of the evaporator 30 passes. Through the heat energy of the sun's rays 111 Among other things, the evaporator heats up 30 and the raw water running down over the surface thereof, whereby a part of the raw water evaporates and with a flow of air 115 in the upper area 112 the distillery 1 flows.

The unevaporated part of the raw water flows over the raw water outlet hole 27 from the still 1 out and is collected elsewhere and the distillery optionally fed again.

The moisture-laden airflow 115 gets out of the area 112 the distillery 1 partly through a first gap 116 in the lower part of the still 1 , Because the gap 116 from the upper area 112 to the front wall 4 the distillery 1 undergoes a cross-sectional enlargement, the air flow slows down 117 in the gap 116 , As a result, the air flow passes over 117 in particular a top 118 of the capacitor 110 much slower mer, with more humidity of the airflow 117 at the top 118 of the capacitor 110 condensed than is the case with conventional stills.

On the other hand flows a part of the moisture-laden air flow 115 out of the area 112 in a gap 119 , The gap 119 tapers over its course from the upper area 112 to the front 4 the still so that a stream of air 121 in this gap 119 is accelerated. Here, too, condenses moisture of the air flow 121 at a bottom 120 of the capacitor 110 ,

The slowed down airflow 117 and the accelerated airflow 121 meet now in the area of the front 4 on top of each other, which makes it particularly turbulent in this area 122 the two air streams 117 and 121 comes.

This turbulence 122 thus affects the moving air masses 115 . 117 and 121 that there is a turbulent flow of air in most areas within the still. This in turn has a positive effect on the evaporation processes and the condensation processes in the still.

The housing 1a the distillery 1 includes next to the front wall 4 a sole 2 , a back wall 3 as well as two side walls 5 and 6 , In a front sole area 7 has the still 1 a freshwater catchment 8th designed to deliver the collected fresh water to the fresh water outlet well. The two side walls 5 and 6 have arranged as stages each have a capacitor pad 10 and 11 , an evaporator pad 12 and 13 , a dropper pad 14 and 15 as well as one support surface each 16 and 17 for the translucent housing top 23 (please refer 1 and 3 ).

In the back wall area 3 the distillery 1 is a foot picture 18 arranged.

In normal operation, the distillery points 1 to the underground 20 an angle 21 on, which has about a degree of 30 °. As each thin line shown, you can see the capacitor pad 10 and the evaporator charging surface 12 , In particular, the translucent housing top 23 closes the case 1a the distillery 1 gastight. The evaporator pads 12 and 13 are parallel to the translucent housing top in this embodiment 23 arranged. The capacitor pads 10 and 11 have an angle 25 to the evaporator pads 12 and 13 , Consequently, one has also in the still 1 inserted capacitor (see 1 ) a corresponding angle to one in the still 1 pickled evaporator 30 (please refer 1 ).

On the front side 4 the distillery 1 are next to the fresh water outlet hole 9 and the foot 19 , the raw water supply well 26 , the raw water outlet hole 27 as well as another foot 28 arranged. The front wall 4 also has a nose in its middle area 29 on which the translucent housing top 23 is at least partially supported. Here comes the nose 29 especially in normal operation when tilting the still 1 a supporting function too.

The evaporator 30 consists of a thermoforming profile 31 , The thermoforming profile 31 has a frame 32 and has a variety of stair segments 33 to 41 on, with each stair segment 33 to 41 two thighs 42 . 43 (numbered here only by way of example). The upper leg 43 a stair segment 33 to 41 has a water drainage limit 44 which is preferably on the common edge of the two legs 42 and 43 is arranged. The water drainage limit 44 has at least one point of the stair segment 33 an overflow 45 in the form of a material recess.

The thigh 43 has a smaller length than the leg with regard to its plane surface 42 so the staircase segments 33 to 41 Have enough space on at least one leg side to there flow 46 to arrange.

In the thermoforming profile 31 are the staircase segments 33 to 41 arranged such that two adjoining staircase segments 33 to 41 a flow 46 (Numbered here only by way of example) have been arranged on a respective opposite end face. Thus, the staircase segments have 43 . 35 . 37 . 39 and 41 of the thermoforming profile 31 their flows 46 each on the right side of the thermoforming profile 31 arranged and the staircase segments 34 . 36 . 38 and 40 have their flow rates on the left side of the thermoforming profile 31 arranged.

The thermoforming profile 31 , especially the border 32 of the thermoforming profile 31 , has an inlet at the top 47 and at the bottom of an outlet 48 ,

Is the thermoforming profile 31 as evaporator 30 in an operational distillery 1 used, has the thermoforming profile 31 to the support surface 20 the distillery 1 an angle 49 of about 30 ° (see 1 ).

Will raw water through the inlet 47 on the surface of the thermoforming profile 31 passed, the raw water wets the leg first 43 , This hinders the water drainage limit 44 the raw water on it, directly over the thigh 42 of the stair segment 33 on the next stair segment 43 to flow. Rather, the raw water accumulates at the water drainage boundary 44 on the thigh 43 and flows predominantly over the overflow 45 and the flow 46 on the next stair segment 34 ,

The raw water is through the deep drawing according to the invention 31 zigzagging over the individual staircase segments 33 to 41 positively guided, so that this results in a particularly advantageous evaporation of the raw water.

For the sake of completeness, it should again be noted that the thermoforming profile 31 is preferably produced in a deep-drawing process, for example with a thermoforming tool. With the thermoforming profile 31 can be according to the invention more components of the still 1 realize, such as the evaporator 30 , the capacitor 110 , the heat exchanger 50 as well as the dripping device 22 ,

The heat exchanger 50 consists of two deep-drawn profiles 31 and 31a together, which are mirror images of each other.

A section of the heat exchanger 50 is in 6 shown enlarged. The two thermoforming profiles 31 and 31a lie along a line 53 mirror images of each other. This results in the one area 54 a run for the raw water. You can clearly see a laterally arranged water drainage boundary 55 (here only exemplified) of the individual staircase segments including an overflow 56 (numbered here only as an example). The previously described arrangement results in an interior through which the raw water is passed. The shape of thermoforming profiles 31 and 31a allow the raw water forced through the heat exchanger 50 is directed.

Due to the positive guidance found, the raw water in the heat exchanger heats up 50 particularly favorable and at the same time cools the condenser 110 because of the capacitor 110 the heat exchanger 50 implied. This will cause condensation on the condenser 110 favorably influenced.

In the 8th is the heat exchanger 50 shown in a simplified plan view.

This in 9 Stair element shown 60 has two thighs 61 and 62 making an angle 60a to each other. The thigh 61 is in one area 63 shorter than the thigh 62 , Along a common edge 64 have the two thighs 61 and 62 a water drainage limit 65 , in particular the surface of the thigh 61 at least partially limited. In that area 63 has the shorter thigh 61 two angular bends 66 and 67 that are angled so that they form a kind of step. The stage was in the above description as a flow 46 (please refer 5 ) designated. In the area of an end 65a the water drainage limit 65 The water comes from the surface of the stair element 60 on another stair segment 86 (please refer 10 ).

The stair segment 68 of the 10 has almost the same structure as the staircase segment 60 of the 8th but has the staircase segment 68 a flow 69 not in the area 63 but in one the area 63 opposite area 70 ,

One in the 11 and 12 shown alternatively designed evaporator 80 has a variety of stair segments 81 . 82 (here only exemplified), whereby the stair segment 81 a flow 83 and the staircase segment 82 a flow 85 having. In this case, for example, flows through an inlet 84 supplied raw water over the surface of the stair segment 81 in the flow 83 and from there on over the surface of the staircase segment 82 in the flow 85 , The raw water goes through this forced zigzag course along the entire evaporator 80 until the non-evaporated part of the raw water through the outlet 86 flows. So that the raw water is not on the front sides of the staircase segments 81 . 82 can escape, has the evaporator 80 around a frame 87 ,

The evaporator 80 has on the stair segment 82 an upper surface area 88 , Below on the right side of the surface segment 82 is the pass 83 arranged.

One in the 13 to 15 distillery shown 89 has a water collection tank in its upper area 90 arranged. The water collector 90 includes, among other things, a float valve 91 , By means of the float valve 91 is the supply of raw water from a supply line 92 so regulated that the still 89 Raw water with a preset pressure is available.

At the bottom of the still 89 is a rainwater collection device 93 on a housing top 94 the distillery 89 arranged. With the rainwater collection device 93 will rain in the direction of the arrow 95 on the top of the housing 94 along rainwater collected and by means of a fresh water drainage pipe 96 directed into a remote collection container. Also in the lower area of the housing top 94 is a condensate collection device 98 arranged. This is however on the inside 97 the top of the housing 94 so inside the still 89 ,

The outside of the housing top 94 located rainwater collection device 93 is arranged obliquely, so that in this embodiment, the rainwater runs to the right. At low rainfall, the rain water has only a low kinetic energy, so it is right side of the still 89 in a gap 99 between the still 89 and a rainwater collection channel 100 expires. Has the rainwater in the rainwater collection area 93 For example, by increasing precipitation a correspondingly high kinetic energy, it no longer runs off directly on the body of the still due to the high kinetic energy, but injected into the rainwater collection channel 100 and is thereby passed in a remote fresh water collection tank.

The stills 89 has a housing top sloping to one side 94 that drain towards the rainwater collection channel 100 favored.

In the 16 Shifting device shown 101 has a non-return valve 102 and a non-return valve 103 , The two check valves 102 . 103 be through an actuating mechanism 104 driven. Is the adjusting mechanism 104 set to solar operation, the water flows in the direction of arrow 105 from the direction of the heat exchanger through the non-return valve 103 through, continue in the direction of the arrow 106 to a dripping device 22 (please refer 1 ).

Is the adjusting mechanism 104 set to external heating, the water flows in the direction of arrow 105 no longer through the non-return valve 103 because this is now closed. Rather, the water flows from the direction of the arrow 105 in the direction of the arrow 107 , Due to the operating position external heating of the actuating mechanism 104 is the non-return valve 102 for a hot water from the direction of the arrow 108 coming open. The hot water from the direction of the arrow 108 flows through the non-return valve 102 and continues to flow in the direction of the arrow 106 in a still. An external heating is useful, for example, in case of insufficient solar radiation or during the night, since even without solar energy fresh water can be obtained from raw water.

Claims (24)

Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) for obtaining fresh water with a housing ( 1a ) from an obliquely adjustable to the sun translucent housing top ( 23 ), a parallel housing lower side, a front wall ( 4 ) at the lower end of the housing with a fresh water outlet ( 9 ), a raw water inlet ( 26 ), and a raw water outlet ( 27 ), and a below the upper end of the housing surface arranged dripping device ( 22 ) for raw water via a heat exchanger ( 50 ) / Capacitor ( 110 ) is connected to the raw water inlet, wherein in the housing plane-parallel to the housing surface, a Verdunster ( 30 ) and below the evaporator of the heat exchanger ( 50 ) / Capacitor ( 110 ) at an angle ( 25a ) is arranged such that between the evaporator and condenser, a gap extending towards the fresh water outlet end located in the lower region of the housing ( 116 ) and between condenser and housing bottom, a gap narrowing towards the fresh water outlet ( 119 ) is formed. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator ( 30 ) at least one thermoforming profile ( 31 . 31a ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the capacitor ( 110 ) of the device ( 1 ; 89 ) of at least one thermoforming profile ( 31 . 31a ), preferably two deep-drawn profiles ( 31 . 31a ) is formed. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 50 ) of at least two thermoforming profiles ( 31 . 31a ) is formed. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the dripping device ( 22 ) from a thermoforming profile ( 31 . 31a ) is formed. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the dripping device ( 22 ) has an outlet with a diameter of more than 1 mm, preferably an outlet with a diameter of more than 2 mm. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the dripping device ( 22 ) has a single outlet. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the thermoforming profile ( 31 . 31a ) at least one stair segment ( 33 to 41 ; 60 . 68 ; 81 . 82 ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the stair segment ( 33 to 41 ; 60 . 68 ; 81 . 82 ) differently shaped thighs ( 42 . 43 ; 61 . 62 ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one leg ( 42 . 43 ; 61 . 62 ) a water drainage limitation ( 44 ; 65 ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the water drainage limit ( 44 ; 65 ) at least one material recess ( 45 ; 56 ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that at least one leg ( 42 . 43 ; 61 . 62 ) a flow ( 46 ; 67 ; 83 ), with which raw water is forcibly guided. Device according to one of claims 2 or 12, characterized in that the thermoforming profile ( 31 . 31a ) a frame ( 32 ; 87 ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the thermoforming profile ( 31 . 31a ) an inlet ( 47 ) and a process ( 48 ) which are substantially identical. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that the surface condition of the thermoforming profile ( 31 . 31a ) is smooth. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the thermoforming profile ( 31 . 31a ) Polypropylene (PP), preferably a polypropylene derivative. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the device ( 1 ; 89 ) a raw water collection container ( 90 ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to claim 17, characterized in that the raw water collecting container ( 90 ) is a gutter. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the raw water collecting tank ( 90 ) at least one pressure valve ( 91 ). Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized by at least one flow regulator. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the device ( 1 ; 89 ) a changeover device ( 101 ), with which the device ( 1 ; 89 ) is connected either to a heating circuit or to a cooling circuit. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the device ( 1 ; 89 ) on the inside ( 97 ) of the housing top ( 23 ; 94 ) a condensate collection device ( 98 ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the device ( 1 ; 89 ) on the outside of the housing top ( 23 ; 94 ) a rainwater collection device ( 93 ) having. Contraption ( 1 ; 89 ) according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the device ( 1 ; 89 ) is sealed gas-tight.